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The Microbial WorldChapters 5, 15
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The Marine Environment
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Plankton Collection
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Plankton ClassificationMegaplankton 20-200 cmMacroplankton 2-20
cmMesoplankton 0.2-20 mmMicroplankton 20-200 mNanoplankton 2-20
mPicoplankton 0.2-2 m
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MetabolismMetabolism- all chemical reactions that occur in an
organism.Autotrophic- requiring carbon dioxide and a source of
energy for the synthesis of organic molecules
(glucose).Photoautotrophs- absorb light energy from the
sun.Chemoautotrophs- derive energy from chemical
compounds.Heterotrophic- requiring complex organic compounds;
obtains energy by consuming organic matter.
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Bacteria and Archaea
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Photosynthetic ProkaryotesKingdom- BacteriaPhylum-
Cyanophyta
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CyanophytaCharacteristics
Examples- Oscillatoria, Synechococcus, Synechocystis.
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Cyanobacterial Cell
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Cyanophyta- Gram Negative BacteriaGram positive- peptidoglycan
layer; stains with crystal violet.Gram negative- peptidoglycan
layer sandwiched by lipopolysaccharide and protein layers; does not
stain with crystal violet.
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Global O2 from photosynthesis80% comes from marine
cyanobacteria.SynechococcusSynechocystis20% comes from terrestrial
systems.5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.
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Stromatolites
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ArchaeaProkaryoticExtremophilesHydrothermal ventsHypersaline
basinsHighly acidic env.Highly alkaline env.
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Photosynthetic Protista (the algae)Dinophyta-
dinoflagellates.Haptophyta- haptophytes.Heterokontophyta-
heterokont algae.Xanthophyceae- yellow-green
algae.Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.
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Dinophyta- dinoflagellatesCharacteristics
Examples- Ceratium, Pfiesteria.
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Pfiesteria piscicida
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Haptophyta- haptophytesCharacteristics
Examples- Prymnesium, Phaeocystis.
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Heterokontophyta- heterokonts
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Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algaeCharacteristics
Examples- Vaucheria.
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Bacillariophyceae- diatomsCharacteristics
Examples- Coscinodiscus, Chaetoceros.
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Frustule Morphology
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The ProtozoansGranuloreticulosa- foraminiferans.Polycystina-
radiolarians.Ciliophora- ciliates.
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Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferansCharacteristics
Example- Globigerina.
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Pink Beaches of Bermuda
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Polycystina- radiolariansCharacteristics
Example- Hexacontium.
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Various Radiolarians
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Ciliophora- ciliatesCharacteristics
Examples- Strombilidium, Tintinnopsis.
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Fig. 5.14
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Kingdom FungiCharacteristics
Example- Aspergillus.
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Stromatolite- rock-like deposition of carbonates and trapped
sediments; formed by cyanobacteria and diatoms.Age- 3.5
BYA.Growth-deposition-growth-deposition.S-shaped in growth= 1
year.Florida, Bahamas, Australia.*
