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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 基基基基基基基基 AND 基基基基基基基 組組 : 組組組 組組組 組組組 組組組 組組組 組組組 組組組

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002. 基因調控器官發育 AND 程序性細胞死亡 組員 : 巫柏霖 張圍策 楊佩穎 林家榆 郭彥廷 林函融 梁詠慈. Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston 如何發現 Apoptosis? 實驗內容. 線蟲實驗. 線蟲成蟲有 959 個細胞 成長的過程中有 131 個細胞發生 Apoptosis 發生時間 : 約 1Hr. 線蟲細胞凋亡模型. 細胞凋亡 (Apoptosis). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002

基因調控器官發育 AND

程序性細胞死亡

組員 : 巫柏霖 張圍策 楊佩穎 林家榆 郭彥廷 林函融 梁詠慈

Page 2: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston

如何發現 Apoptosis?實驗內容

Page 3: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

線蟲實驗

•線蟲成蟲有 959 個細胞 成長的過程中有 131 個細胞發生 Apoptosis

•發生時間 : 約 1Hr

Page 4: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

線蟲細胞凋亡模型

Page 5: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002
Page 6: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

細胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)

• Apoptosis 的簡介

• Apoptosis 的分類

• 與細胞壞死 (Necrosis) 的比較

• Apoptosis 的作用機制

Page 7: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Normal Apoptosis

Page 8: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 的簡介

細胞自己計畫性的死亡

細胞凋亡是多细胞生物在發育過程中,一種由基因控制的主動的細胞生理性自殺行為。

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Page 10: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 和 Necrosis 的比較

Page 11: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Necrosis Apoptosis1. 性質 病理性 生理性 /病理性2.誘導因素 強烈刺激 , 較弱刺激, 隨機發生 非隨機發生3.形態變化 細胞結構全面 胞膜及細胞器 溶解破壞、 相對完整 細胞腫脹 . 細胞皺縮4.凋亡小體 無 有5.基因調控 無 有

Page 12: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 的分類•細胞自戕性程式死亡( apoptotic cell death program )

•非細胞自戕性程式死亡( nonapoptotic cell death program )

不同點 :apoptotic cell death program 有 DNA 斷裂的出現

Page 13: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 的作用機制可分為 :

1. Initiation phase( 前期 ) The Death Receptor-Initiated Pathw

ay The Mitochondrial Pathway

2. Execution phase( 後期 )

Page 14: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

The Death Receptor-Initiated Pathway

•細胞膜上有 apoptotic signals receptor

• Tumour necrosis factor(TNF) 分為 :CD95(or fas)TNFR1(TNF receptor-1)TRAIL(TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand)

Page 15: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

CD95

Page 16: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

TNFR1(TNF receptor-1)

Page 17: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Bcl-2 Family

抑制 Apoptosis 的 Bcl-2:bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Bcl-w, adenovirus E1B 19K, EBV BHRF1, Ced-9 促進 Apoptosis 的 Bcl-2:Bax, Bak, Nbk/Bik1, Bad, Bcl-xS

Page 18: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

The Mitochondrial Pathway

促進性 Bcl-2 family 粒線體膜被激活

Cytocrome C and Pro-apoptotic protein

Caspases or Apoptosome

Page 19: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

The Mitochondrial Pathway

Page 20: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002
Page 21: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Execution phase( 後期 )

Inactive Capases

Active Capases Caspases cascade

啟動 apoptosis 機制

Page 22: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 啟動作用細胞核外 :• 切割細胞內蛋白質 &細胞骨架 (Zeiosis)

細胞核內 :• 使參與 DNA 修復的蛋白質失活 (PRAP)• 使參與 DNA 複製的蛋白質失活 (DNA topoisomerase II)

• 分解結構性核蛋白• 將DNA分解成片斷

Page 23: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

分解結構性核蛋白

Caspases 6

Lamins( 一種核內蛋白 )被降解

染色質濃縮和核膜被分解

Page 24: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002
Page 25: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apotosis 在細胞核內- 切割 DNA

CAD(Caspase-activated Dnase): 將 DNA 切成較大的片段 (50~300 kb)Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent nucleases : 將大片段切成小碎片 (180~200 bp)

作用流程圖

Page 26: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

細胞核內的 DNA 切割作用流程圖

Caspases ICAD

CAD (Caspase-activated Dnase) DNA 大片段 Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependent endonucleases

DNA 小碎片

Page 27: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

典型凋亡細胞 DNA電泳(呈現梯狀條带)

Page 28: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 作用機制

Page 29: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Caspase 3

Page 30: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Apoptosis 的作用結果• 細胞凋亡不足:腫瘤,自身免疫病 (Ex:AIDS)

• 細胞凋亡過度:心肌缺血,心力衰竭,神經元 退行性疾病,病毒感染

• 平滑肌細胞增殖(凋亡不足)與內皮細胞凋亡(過度):動脈粥樣硬化

Page 31: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

細胞死亡

Apoptosis Necrosis

Apoptosis Nonapoptosis

Initiation

Death recepter mitochondria

intrinsic pathway pathway

Execution

Page 32: The Nobel Prize  in Physiology or Medicine 2002

參考資料• Raffaella Depala, Luigi Nappi, Giuseppe Loverro, Stefano Bettocchi, Mari

a Lucia Caruso, Anna Maria Valentini, Luigi Selvaggi (2003) Evidence of apoptosis in human primordial and primary follicles. Human Reproduction, 18, 2678-2682

• D.N. Modi, S. Sane, D. Bhartiya (2003) Accelerated germ cell apoptosis in sex chromosome aneuploid fetal human gonads. Molecular Human Reproduction, 9, 219-225

• Mahmoud R. Hussein (2005) Apoptosis in the ovary: molecular mechanisms. Human Reproduction Update, 11, 162-178

• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Apoptosis.html

• http://202.43.196.230/language/translatedPage?lp=en_zt&.intl=tw&tt=url&text=http%3a%2f%2fwww.sghms.ac.uk%2fdepts%2fimmunology%2f%257Edash%2fapoptosis%2finduction.html

• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Apoptosis.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis• Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, edited by Kumar, Abba

s and Fausto—7th ed ( 2004 ) , p.26-p.32• www2.zzu.edu.cn/jcyxy/bingsheng/zhaomy/pathophy-kejian/8-%B5%F

2%CD%F6.ppt