THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense (Sadanje svreno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO HAVE u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadanjem vremenu), tj. have/has i past participle-a (prolog participa) glavnog glagola.Proli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak ed. Kod nepravilnih glagola proli particip ima drugaiji oblik (tzv. trea kolona):play playedwork worked sleep slept

Potvrdni oblik

Jednina (singular)Mnoina (plural)

I have (I`ve)worked Ja sam radioWe have (We`ve) worked Mi smo radili

You have (You`ve)worked Ti si radioYou have (You`ve) worked Vi ste radili

He has (He`s)worked On je radioShe has (She`s) worked Ona je radilaIt has (It`s) worked Ono je radioThey have (They`ve) worked Oni su radili

Jednina (singular)Mnoina (plural)

I have (I`ve) slept Ja sam spavaoWe have slept (We`ve) Mi smo spavali

You have (You`ve) slept Ti si spavaoYou have slept (You`ve) Vi ste spavali

He has slept (He`s) On je spavaoShe has slept (She`s) Ona je spavalaIt has slept (It`s) Ono je spavaloThey have slept (They`ve) Oni su spavali

Upitni oblik glagola u Present PerfectTense-u (Sadanjem svrenom vremenu) se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomnog glagola TOHAVE (u sadanjem vremenu) i line zamenice.

Upitni oblik Yes/No questions

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)

HaveI worked? Da li sam ja radio?Havewe worked? Da li smo mi radili?

Haveyou worked? Da li si ti radio?Haveyou worked? Da li ste vi radili?

Hashe worked? Da li je on radio?Hasshe worked? Da li je ona radila?Hasit worked? Da li je ono radilo?Havethey worked? Da li su oni radili?

Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledei nain: Have I worked?Yes, I have / No, I haven`t Have we worked? - Yes, we have / No, we haven`t.Haveyou worked? Yes, you have / No, you haven`t Have you worked? Yes you have / No, we haven`t Hashe worked? Yes, he has / No, he hasn`t. Have they worked? Yes, they have / No, they haven`t.Has she worked? Yes, she has/ No, she hasn`t.Has it worked? Yes, it has / No, it hasn`t.

Upitni oblik Wh- questions

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)

Wherehave I worked? Gde sam ja radio?Wherehave we worked? Gde smo mi radili?

Wherehave you worked? Gde si ti radio?Wherehave you worked? Gde ste vi radili?

Wherehas he worked? Gde je on radio?Wherehas she worked? Gde je ona radila?Wherehas it worked? Gde je ono radilo?Wherehave they worked? Gde su oni radili?

Odrini oblik se gradi od odrinog obika glagola Have (odnosno Has za tree lice jednine) i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.

Odrini oblik

Jednina (singular)Mnoina (plural)

Ihave not (haven`t)worked Ja nisam radioWehave not (haven`t) worked Mi nismo radili

Youhave not (haven`t) worked Ti nisi radioYouhave not (haven`t) worked Vi niste radili

Hehas not (hasn`t) worked On nije radioShehas not (hasn`t) work Ona nije radilaIthas not (hasn`t) worked Ono nije radiloTheyhave not (haven`t) worked Oni nisu radili

Upotreba:Present Perfect Tense (Sadanje svreno vreme) se koristi za:

Radnju koja je upravo zavrena, te se stoga uz njega esto nalazi vremenska odrednica just (upravo).

Ovaj prilog se nalazi izmeu glagola TO HAVE i participa prolog.She has just gone out. (Ona je upravo izala.)

Radnju koja se desila u prolosti u neko neodreeno vreme:

I have travelled to America. (Putovao sam u Ameriku.)

Prolu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadanjosti.

The lift has broken down. We have to use the stairs. (Lift se pokvario. Moramo da idemo stepenicama.)I have washed the car. It looks lovely. (Oprao sam kola. Izgledaju odlino.)

Za radnju koja kazuje neko ivotno iskustvo subjekta. U ovom znaenju esto se javljaju i prilozi ever (ikada) i never (nikad), koji se nalaze izmeu glagola TO HAVE i participa prolog.

He has never eaten Chenese food. (On nikada nije jeo kinesku hranu.)Have you ever been to France? (Da li si ikada bio u Francuskoj?)

Za radnju koja se dogodila ranije nego to je oekivano. U tom smislu se upotrebljava prilog already (ve) koji se nalazi izmeu glagola TO HAVE i participa prolog.

Jane: Tom, don`t forget to post the letter. (Dejn: Tome, nemoj da zaboravi da poalje pismo.)Tom: I`ve already posted it. (Tom: Ja sam ga ve poslao.)

Za oekivanu radnju. U tom smislu koristimo re yet, koja se nekada ni ne prevodi, ali ima znaenje do sad, do ovog trenutka, jo uvek. Ona se nalazi na kraju reenice, i koristi se samo u odrinim i upinim reenicama.

Has it stopped raining yet? (Da li je kia prestala da pada?)I haven`t done my homework yet. (Jo uvek nisam uradio svoj domai zadatak.)