The Rise of Nations

More importantly– the rise of NATIONALISM

France and England Split

• Multiple wars between Feudal States led France and England to emerge as individual nations

• No longer were they intertwined by nobles owning land in both regions.

• Marriage strengthens Nations (English King, Henry II to European Heiress, Eleanor of Aquitaine)

Magna Carta

• John Softsword’s lost battles to France caused him to tax raise taxes to all-time high. Nobles UNHAPPY!

• June 15, 1215• Originally for wealthy nobles, later applied to all

citizens– No taxation w/out representation– Trial by Jury

• Main Idea: Limited Monarchy!!

Model Parliament

“What affects all should be approved by all”

• King Edward I realized with rise of cities/ trade he could now tax middle-class, not just nobles.

He called together a parliament that represented commoners and nobles

Edward EDWARD 1

King of England1272-1307

Introduces“Model Parliament”

CHURCHMENOn Left

BURGESSESSeated on wool sacks in the middle

NOBLES On Right

Parliament Becomes Check on King’s Power

• Eventually split to 2 houses– House of Commons – House of Lords

French King’s Gained Power

• Estates General– First Estate: Clergy– Second Estate: Lords– Third Estate: Middle-class

• Unlike parliament in England, gave king more power over nobles

Result: nation-states

• Nation-states were made of people with similar culture and language that occupied a specific territory under ONE government.

• Government was Monarchy.• People feel LOYAL to their country.

Crisis for the Church

• Boniface VIII loses power for the papacy

• Where is home: Rome or Avignon?

• 3 Popes? The Great Schism!

• Scholarly Authority; John Wycliffe and Huss

• The great Schism Ends, but who has real power?

Papal Bull

Power Struggle: King or Pope

• French King Philip IV taxed churches to pay for war with England

• Pope Boniface VIII issued a papal bull.– No more taxing of church– Spiritual power always supreme over secular

power

• Philip’s Response: He laughed

Rome V. AvignonRome V. Avignon

French Bishop named Pope, Clement V.French Bishop named Pope, Clement V. He claimed that political violence He claimed that political violence

threatened him and he moved from:threatened him and he moved from:

Rome, Italy to Avignon, FranceRome, Italy to Avignon, France For 67 years, papacy lived in For 67 years, papacy lived in

extravagance in Franceextravagance in France Catholics from other nations NOT happyCatholics from other nations NOT happy

The Great SchismThe Great Schism

The John’s

• Two Professors decided to speak out against the church with VERY different results.

John Wycliffe translating Bible to English

John Wycliffe

– English Hero who translated bible into English

Wycliffe’s Major Ideas:– True head of church was Jesus, not Pope– Clergy should live in poverty– Bible -not pope- final authority on Christian life

Wycliffe’s Results:– Tried for Heresy but trial resulted in street

riots and his release

John Huss

Huss’s Major Ideas:– Bible was final authority, not Pope

Huss’s Results:

Excommunicated in 1411

Burned at the stake in 1414

Plague and Famine Struck

The Black Death

• Raging Fever• Black swellings• Death in 24 hrs.• 25,000,000/ 1/3 of Europe’s pop.• Plague kept returning until 1600’s• Priests also afraid and people got angry• Peasants revolted b/c with pop. decline, they did

not have to listen to Nobles– Serfdom began to disappear.

The Plague

Video

The Black Death (1347-51)www.unitedstreaming.com

Video Quiz 1-5• 1. It is estimated that ________ people died of plague in Western Europe

between 1347 and 1351. (5 million,15 million or 25 million)

• 2. Between the years 1300 and 1450, due to the combined effects of plague, famine and warfare, the total population of Europe declined by about ______ to ______ of its original numbers. (1/10 to 1/4, 1/4 to 1/3, 1/2to 2/3).

• 3. There were three important and long-lasting effects of the radical depopulation of Europe. These were:

1.___________________________________ 2.___________________________________ 3.___________________________________

• 4. In the year 1347, Italian traders returning to Genoa, from an outpost called Caffa on the Black Sea, brought more than trade goods to Europe. What else did they bring?

• 5. Under the manorial system of agriculture, peasant laborers called _________ worked the fields for their wealthy masters, in exchange for protection and a share of the crops they raised.

Video Quiz 6-10• 6. During plague times, religious extremists called ____________________

traveled from town to town, preaching and publicly whipping one another.

• 7. Fasting and making pilgrimages to holy shrines are called Acts of _____________ and were commonplace activities in plague times. Such acts of religious devotion were believed to help purify the soul of its sins.

• 8. Throughout history, people experiencing extreme hardships have often searched for someone to blame for their difficulties. During the plague years, ___________ were often blamed for the spread of the disease.

• 9. Today, the plague is not the menace it was during the Middle Ages because it can be treated with__________________.

• 10. Before, during, and after the plague years, a war called the ___________________________raged between ______________ and _______________.

Hundred Years’ War

Four Stages of War

• 1337-60: English captured much of France

• 1361-96: France reconquers most land

• 1397-1420: England conquers N. ½ of France

• 1421-53: Joan of Arc leads troops to finally take back France (except Calais).

Joan of Arc

Arise from the Ashes

Three Strong Nation-States:France

EnglandSpain

Source of Power

As feudalism was ending, the strongest countries derived their power from new sources.

•Professional army•Professional officials•Control of taxes

The Renaissance Begins