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The Role of Biotechnology in our Food Supply

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Page 1: The Role of Biotechnology in our Food Supply

The Role of Biotechnology in Our Food Supply www.foodinsight.org/

foodbioguide.aspx

生物技术在食品供应中的作用

生物技术在我们食品供应中的作用

Page 2: The Role of Biotechnology in our Food Supply

The Role of Biotechnology in Our Food Supply

www.foodinsight.org/foodbioguide.aspx

报告人:[ 此处插入姓名 ]

日期

生物技术在我们食品供应中的作用

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食品生物技术的定义和历史 为什么要使用生物技术?

四个重要的好处 今日的农业生物技术

未来将会怎样 从其他食品技术得到的沟通教训

报告涵盖哪些内容?

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使用生物学(生命科学)来创造或改进工具、产品或过

程。

例如,食用作物和

动物

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什么是生物技术 ?

“ 生物” 的意思是 “生命”“ 技” 的意思是 “工具 "

“ 术” 的意思是 “使用或研究”

Page 5: The Role of Biotechnology in our Food Supply

食品生物技术的历史

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为什么要使用生物技术 ?

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“…… 社会公平的第一基本要素是全人类有充足的食物。”

为什么选生物技术 ?

7

Norman Borlaug,

农艺家和慈善家,“ 绿色革命”之父, 1970 年诺贝尔奖获得者

科学家和农民奋斗了许多代以求为世界不断增长的人口提供质量更好、数量更多的

食品 。

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(在那些说“有好处”的人中)下一个 5 年中生物技术的好处:营养 / 健康益处 35%质量 / 口味 / 品种提升 22%价格 / 经济益处 21%作物 / 农业产量提高 13%更安全的食品 11% 农药 / 化学品使用减少 3%其它 13%不知道 3%没有 2%漏答 / 未答 8%

Yes35%

No20%

Don't Know 45%

2012

Q 17. 您觉得生物技术会在下一个 5 年中为您或您的家庭带来益处吗? Q 18. 您期待什么样的益处 ? [ 开放式答案 ]

消费者期待的生物技术的好处

来源:国际食品信息委员会( IFIC ) 2012 年消费者食品技术认知调查

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四种关键的好处

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1.食品安全2.对消费者的好处3.可持续性4. 养活一个饥饿的世界

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食品安全

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食品安全

“ 几千年来,我们一直在培育植物,因此我们得以享用安全健康的水果和蔬菜。我们现在正在使用

最新一代的生物技术让它们更加安全。”

Ronald Kleinman, 医学博士,主任医师,马萨诸塞州儿童综合医院

顶级医学专家都同意生物技术是一种安全的食品技术。

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目前可买到的源于生物技术的植物性食品是安全的• 广泛的研究• 在世界范围内安全食用• 没有造成危害的证据• 对儿童安全• 致敏性风险没有增加

认定生物技术食品安全性的组织 :

-世界卫生组织-联合国粮农组织-美国医学学会

-美国食品技术协会

-食品药品监督管理局

-美国环保署-美国农业部

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动物生物技术是一种生产肉、奶和蛋的安全技术

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重组牛生长激素:经过几十年的研究,使用重组牛生长激素的食品产品的安全性已经得到

确认并加强。

美国 FDA 认定:克隆奶牛、山羊和猪的肉和奶与其它动物的

一样安全。

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对每一种食品安全问题担心的比例 (独立的) :

2012 2010

疾病 /污染 29% 29%

加工 /制备 21% 23%

防腐剂 / 化学品 13%* 8%

健康 / 营养 8% 7%

农业产品 7% 6%

食品来源 7% 8%

包装材料 /标签 5% 4%

生物技术 2% 2%

加工食品 1% 1%

其它 1% 1%

Q12. 您有任何对食品安全问题的担心吗?如果有的话,是什么呢?

[ 开放式答案 ]

*表示与 2010年比在统计学上有显著差异。

美国人不担心生物技术食品的安全性

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生物技术食品通过监管以确保其安全性

美国通过下列机构协调监管:• 农业部• 环保署• 食品药品监督管理局

• 对来自植物和动物生物技术食品的监管已到位

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生物技术食品的标识

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• 食品中存在过敏原• 天然毒素水平增加• 营养素组成发生变化

美国 FDA确认,在食品标识问题上,生物技术“过程”并不是需要强制性标识的“实质性原料”。

只在原料发生以下改变时才要求特殊标识,例如:

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生物技术提高食品安全的潜力

正在开发的产品: 抗虫的水稻和甘蔗 生产低丙烯酰胺的土豆 去除过敏性蛋白(例如,花

生、牛奶和大豆)

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目前的益处: 防治玉米中的霉菌 更高效生产低乳糖牛奶的酶

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对消费者的益处

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提供 “对心脏健康有益” 食用油的可能性

• 利用先进育种和现代食品生产技术开发无反式脂肪的菜籽油、大豆油和向日葵油。

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• 用生物技术开发的大豆和菜籽油,可以提供特殊的对心脏健康有保护作用的 omega-3脂肪酸。

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生物技术提高食品口味和质量

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最重要的是,消费者想要味道好的食品。 69%

的人说他们会购买通过生物技术提高口感的食

品。-IFIC 2012

在审批中:• 不褐变的苹果 • 更长久地保持其原有颜色,更长时间保 持脆性。

开发中:• 土豆• 西红柿、瓜类等• 食品生产中使用的酶类

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生物技术对稳定的、负担得起的食品供应的贡献

生物技术促进:• 耕作效率更高。• 收成更可靠。• 从农田到仓库过程中,腐败

或污染的风险更低。

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可持续性

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可持续性

农业可持续性是既要满足现在的需求,还要满足未来的需求,与现

在一样或比现在更好。

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生物技术可以更明智地使用农药

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保护作物和环境的重要工具 :

• 负责任地使用生物技术种子

• 负责任地使用作物保护产品

• 实施杂草和害虫综合管理

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生物技术可以更安全的使用除草剂

• 草甘膦:比原来的除草剂毒性减少 16倍• 推出更新的解决杂草抗性的生物技术品种

已经开发出一些新型耐除草剂玉米和大豆,来应对 某些杂草对除草剂抗性的挑战。

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生物技术保护土壤质量

生物技术可提高土壤品质

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犁板耕作 : 将土壤暴露于风中、受侵蚀

免耕农业:植物种子直接种到先前作物的残茬中

可持续性较差 可持续性较强

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生物技术可减少碳足迹

• 免耕 /保护性耕作:• 农业的“碳足迹”下降了

465亿磅

• 使用生物技术农场的碳排放量比较低• 2011 : 估计二氧化碳减排量

41.9 亿磅(美国)

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生物技术使每英亩土地和每只动物生产更多的食品成为可能

• 更好的杂草和昆虫管理使得作物茁壮生长。• 生产相同量的食物需要更少的土地、杀虫剂

、肥料、燃料、动物和饲料。• 使用重组牛生长激素和恰当管理 ,使 5 头奶牛能与之前 6头奶牛生产的牛奶量相当 = 可持续性更强

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生物技术增强了世界范围内家庭农场的经济可持续性

“ 我们能帮助贫困农民持续提高其生产力,让其能养活自己和家人。如此一来,他们就为全球食品(供应)安全贡献了一份力量。但是这只会在我们优先考虑农业创新时才

会发生。”

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— 比尔 · 盖茨, 比尔和梅琳达 · 盖茨基金

会联合创始人, 2012

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生物技术增强了世界范围内家庭农场的社会可持续性

发展中国家正在努力:

• 与当地民众合作以确保产生积极的社会影响

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食品(供应)安全(或正常

获取食品)对一个国家的总体稳定是必不可少的。

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养活一个不断增长的世界

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全球不断增长的人口需要更多的食物和更好的营养

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到 2050 年,全球人

口数量有望达到 90亿,

这要求比现在多生产

出 70% 的粮食。

“ 过去的 50年是全球农业历史上最高产的时期,导致全世界饥饿人口的巨大减少

。”

美国前总统吉米 ·卡特,《华尔街日报》 , 2005 年 10月 14 日

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生物技术提高每英亩的产量

• 发展中国家的产量增长,可确保获取更多的食物。

• 增强作物对抗极端温度、干旱、贫瘠的土壤条件的能力 – 这对这发展中国家至关重要

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生物技术为改善营养不良提供解决方案

在开发中:•黄金水稻

• β胡萝卜素维生素 A

• 生物强化高粱•维生素 A 、铁、锌

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在营养不良很严重的地区,提高主粮作物和土产食品的营养质量,很有可能提高整

个人群的健康水平。

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如今的农业生物技术

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如今美国的生物技术应用

作物:• 抗虫• 耐除草剂• 抗病毒• 复合性状 — 根据农业需要定制

奶牛:• 用蛋白质激素提高牛奶产量

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使用生物技术作物和动物的食品

• 甜玉米• 木瓜• 牛奶制品• 食品成分

• 甜味剂(例如,玉米糖浆、糖)

• 植物油• 玉米淀粉• 大豆蛋白• 还有很多

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生物技术:美国产量的重要因素

美国的大豆中,超过 90% 是耐除草剂品种

美国的玉米中,将近 70% 是抗虫品种

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生物技术:全球产量的重要因素

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2012 年,超过 1500万 ( 90% )

的种植生物技术粮食的农民来自资源贫乏的发展中国家。

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将来会怎样呢 ?

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未来生物技术的好处

• omega-3s 和其它营养素含量高的食品。

• 口味更好、更新鲜的食品。

• 作物在艰难的环境和贫瘠的土壤中生长的能力。

• 进一步提高产量和病害防护。

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从其它食品技术得到的沟通教训

例如:• 动物使用抗生素 • 动物使用蛋白质激素• 莱克多巴胺• 纳米技术

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生物技术 : 有利于公共利益

“当我们回顾上个世纪的时候,可以发现生物技术是我们在公共卫生方面取得巨大进步的原因之一,从青霉素的发现到对 H

IV感染有效治疗的发展……如今……我们能预见更大的前途。”

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— Kathleen Sebelius ,前美国健 康和人类服务部部长,生物技术会议, 2010 年,

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谢 谢 !

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参考文献

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