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REAJER

Japanese Reading Troubleshooters

By Dan Bornstein

www.reajer.com

Book 1

The Spider's Thread

蜘蛛の糸

Akutagawa Ryūnosuke

芥川龍之介

Japanese text + English notes

Unlimited online tutoring is available for this ebook

Learn more on the website

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Copyright © 2017 by Dan Bornstein. All rights reserved.

Reajer and Reading Troubleshooter are trademarks of Dan Bornstein.

The original Japanese text by Akutagawa Ryūnosuke is in the public domain.

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Table of contents

Introduction

Annotated text

Non-annotated text

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Introduction

Whenever you read Japanese literature, you will inevitably have many questions about the

challenging parts that you come across in the original text. But finding someone who can

answer those questions is often a challenge in itself. Reading Troubleshooters are

designed to give you all the answers you need, whether you study on your own or prefer

interactive learning with a tutor.

Each Troubleshooter ebook is an essential tool for understanding all the tricky grammar

and vocabulary in a particular Japanese text—everything that gets lost in translation and

cannot be found in conventional dictionaries. Depending on your needs, you can then take

your study of the text to the next level by using unlimited per-text tutoring that is personally

provided by me—Dan, the creator and manager of Reajer. The ebooks themselves are

offered free of charge, and online tutoring by email is available as a paid add-on.

The ebooks use the same format of language notes as in Reajer's Japanese bilingual

readers, which enable you to self-study using bilingual Japanese-English texts. Each

Troubleshooter presents the original Japanese text as it was originally printed, without

simplifications or changes other than spelling adjustments for readability. Kanji readings

that originally appeared in the edition on which the Troubleshooter is based are indicated

here as well.

The Japanese text appears twice, in annotated and non-annotated versions. The

annotated version is broken down into numbered segments—either following the

Japanese paragraphs or, when those are very long, dividing them into shorter passages.

Words and phrases that require explanation are underlined, and the notes follow below the

segment as a list of items. The non-annotated version appears in the last part of the

ebook, and lets you read the text in its original form.

You can learn more about the Reajer method and about me at www.reajer.com, where you

will also find the complete and up-to-date list of all the books published so far. I am

confident that Reajer's resources will serve you faithfully and help you read like a pro,

while keeping you in touch with the single most valuable part of language learning: the

sense of enjoyment, fulfillment, and satisfaction in every step you make along the way.

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Annotated text

蜘蛛の糸

芥川龍之介

▼ 1 ▼

 ある日の事でございます。御釈迦様《おしゃかさま》は極楽の蓮池《はすいけ》のふち

を、独りでぶらぶら御歩きになっていらっしゃいました。池の中に咲いている蓮《はす》

の花は、みんな玉のようにまっ白で、そのまん中にある金色《きんいろ》の蕊《ずい》か

らは、何とも云えない好《よ》い匂《におい》が、絶間《たえま》なくあたりへ溢《あ

ふ》れて居ります。極楽は丁度朝なのでございましょう。

御釈迦様

A common Japanese name for the historical Buddha, Siddharta Gautama. 釈 迦 is a

shortened transliteration of Shakyamuni, "the sage of the Shakya", one of the titles of

Gautama, who belonged to the Shakya clan. 御 and 様 are honorifics. This name is often

used to avoid ambiguity, indicating that the historical person is intended rather than one of

the many mythical Buddhas revered in Japanese Buddhism.

御歩きになっていらっしゃいました

The text uses various honorific keigo formulas when referring to the Buddha (御釈迦様).

The construction お (御 ) + verb in connective form + になる is the standard honorific

version of verbs. いらっしゃる is used as an honorific substitute for the continuous いる,

and ~ていらっしゃる has the same function as ~ている.

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The reproductive organs of a flower. Can refer to either a stamen (male organ) or a pistil

(female organ).

絶間なく

Ceaselessly, incessantly, non-stop, etc. Lit. "without an interval of ceasing". Also written 絶

え間なく. 絶え is the noun form of the verb 絶える, "to cease". 間 is "interval".

居ります

As part of the somewhat formal tone of the text, the ます form of the verb おる (居る) is

used instead of いる. The verbs are functionally identical.

なのでございましょう

An equivalent of なのでしょう. The formal polite copula でございます replaces the

ordinary polite copulaです. The ~ましょう conjugation is used in a presumptive function,

identically to でしょう. The fact that the sentence is a conjecture rather that a simple

description suggests that Heaven does not have discernible times of day.

▼ 2 ▼

 やがて御釈迦様はその池のふちに御佇《おたたず》みになって、水の面《おもて》を蔽

《おお》っている蓮の葉の間から、ふと下の容子《ようす》を御覧になりました。この極

楽の蓮池の下は、丁度地獄《じごく》の底に当って居りますから、水晶《すいしよう》の

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ような水を透き徹して、三途《さんず》の河や針の山の景色が、丁度覗《のぞ》き眼鏡

《めがね》を見るように、はっきりと見えるのでございます。

御佇みになって

The honorific keigo equivalent of 佇む, "to stand around", "to .linger".

蔽っている

The verb おおう is more commonly written 覆 う. The kanji 蔽 has the nuance of

"spreading over an area and blocking the view".

を透き徹して

(をすきとおして). The transitive verb すきとおす is rare, and is used here similarly to a

particle with the sense of "[seeing] right through" the pool. The idea of something being

lucid and transparent is more often expressed intransitively using the verb すきとおる

(written either 透き通る or 透き徹る).

三途の河

A mythical river in Buddhist tradition. It is considered to be the boundary between the

current world we live in and the world of the dead, and must be crossed by the deceased

to reach the afterlife.

丁度覗き眼鏡を見るように

"Just like looking into a peep box". An adverbial clause that modifies the following verb

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phrase, はっきりと見える. The clause is impersonal and grammatically unrelated to the

subject of the larger sentence, which is 景色.

覗き眼鏡

A peep box, peepshow. A box that viewers peep into through a hole to see various images.

Used for entertainment in past centuries. Also referred to as のぞきからくり (覗機関).

▼ 3 ▼

 するとその地獄の底に、犍陀多《かんだた》と云う男が一人、ほかの罪人と一しょに蠢

《うごめ》いている姿が、御眼に止まりました。この犍陀多と云う男は、人を殺したり家

に火をつけたり、いろいろ悪事を働いた大泥坊でございますが、それでもたった一つ、善

い事を致した覚えがございます。と申しますのは、ある時この男が深い林の中を通ります

と、小さな蜘蛛《くも》が一匹、路ばたを這《は》って行くのが見えました。そこで犍陀

多は早速足を挙げて、踏み殺そうと致しましたが、「いや、いや、これも小さいながら、

命のあるものに違いない。その命を無暗《むやみ》にとると云う事は、いくら何でも可哀

そうだ。」と、こう急に思い返して、とうとうその蜘蛛を殺さずに助けてやったからでご

ざいます。

犍陀多《かんだた》

A Buddhist-style transliteration of an Indian name. The characters in such transliterations

are, as a rule, used solely for their sound values without regard for the meaning, but the

kanji 犍 may have been chosen because it means "ox", which is an extremely important

domestic animal in India.

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男が一人

The numeral expression 一人 is an adverb that modifies the verb 蠢いている.

一しょに

= 一緒に.

御眼に止まりました

めにとまる (usually written 目に留まる) is an idiom that means "to catch the attention" of

someone, or "to become visible" to someone. 御 眼 is an honorific expression for the

Buddha's eyes.

と申しますのは

A formal equivalent of というのは. Both expressions are identical in function—introducing

an explanation or background information for something that was previously mentioned,

which in this case is the character's memory of having done one good deed (善い事を致し

た).

踏み殺そうと致しました

A formal or humble equivalent of 踏み殺そうとした, "was about to trample [the spider] to

death".

いくら何でも

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However one thinks of it. Whichever way one looks at it.

可哀そう

= かわいそう. 可哀そう is an ateji spelling, as are the other possible written forms of this

word, 可哀相 and 可哀想.

からでございます

Closes the lengthy explanatory passage that begins with と申しますのは.

▼ 4 ▼

 御釈迦様は地獄の容子を御覧になりながら、この犍陀多には蜘蛛を助けた事があるのを

御思い出しになりました。そうしてそれだけの善い事をした報《むくい》には、出来るな

ら、この男を地獄から救い出してやろうと御考えになりました。幸い、側を見ますと、翡

翠《ひすい》のような色をした蓮の葉の上に、極楽の蜘蛛が一匹、美しい銀色の糸をかけ

て居ります。御釈迦様はその蜘蛛の糸をそっと御手に御取りになって、玉のような白蓮

《しらはす》の間から、遥か下にある地獄の底へ、まっすぐにそれを御下《おろ》しなさ

いました。

容子

= 様子.

御覧になりながら

ごらんになる is an honorific keigo substitute for 見る. Here it is combined with ながら,

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"while".

この犍陀多には蜘蛛を助けた事がある

Lit. "to this Kandata there is [the fact] of having saved a spider". Although Kandata is the

subject of the verb 助 け た, the sentence does not mark him with が but instead

emphasizes his action as an independent fact that reflects on him. This echoes the

Buddhist concept of merit—a sort of spiritual credit that is accumulated by performing good

deeds and is afterward associated with the doer, leading to positive outcomes.

御思い出しになりました

Honorific keigo for 思い出した.

それだけの善い事

"Such a good deed", in a praising sense. Lit. "a deed that is good to such an extent". だけ

functions as a marker of the extent of something. Do not confuse with its related but

distinct meaning of "only".

出来るなら

If possible.

御考えになりました

Honorific keigo for 考えた.

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幸い

Used as a sentence-initial adverb: luckily, fortunately, etc.

翡翠

Jade, a precious stone highly valued in Chinese culture. Its typical color is either deep or

light green. Note that the same compound is also confusingly used in Japanese to write

the local name of the kingfisher bird, in which function it is read as either かわせみ, しょ

うびん, or the default ひすい. The word is used here to refer to jade and is unrelated to

the bird.

御手

Honorific for 手.

御取りになって

Honorific keigo for 取って.

遥か下に

Deep below, far below. 遥か is used as an adverb that modifies 下.

御下しなさいました

Honorific keigo for 下ろした (from おろす). This honorific formula is slightly more

deferential than the default keigo construction that ends in ~になる. In this formula the

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respectful verb なさる, "to do", is attached as an auxiliary verb directly to the connective

form of the main verb (here this form is おろし). In addition, when conjugated in the ます

form, なさる becomes なさいます—hence なさいました. 

▼ 5 ▼

 こちらは地獄の底の血の池で、ほかの罪人と一しょに、浮いたり沈んだりしていた犍陀

多《かんだた》でございます。何しろどちらを見ても、まっ暗で、たまにそのくら暗から

ぼんやり浮き上っているものがあると思いますと、それは恐しい針の山の針が光るのでご

ざいますから、その心細さと云ったらございません。その上あたりは墓の中のようにしん

と静まり返って、たまに聞えるものと云っては、ただ罪人がつく微《かすか》な嘆息《た

んそく》ばかりでございます。これはここへ落ちて来るほどの人間は、もうさまざまな地

獄の責苦《せめく》に疲れはてて、泣声を出す力さえなくなっているのでございましょう。

ですからさすが大泥坊の犍陀多も、やはり血の池の血に咽《むせ》びながら、まるで死に

かかった蛙《かわず》のように、ただもがいてばかり居りました。

何しろ

Functions as an adverb that emphasizes the entire phrase up to まっ暗 as the most

important statement that should be made about the situation: "First and foremost, no

matter where you look, it is completely dark".

まっ暗

= 真っ暗 (まっくら).

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くら暗

= 暗闇 (くらやみ), "darkness". 暗 means "dark, not well-lit", and 闇 means "dark, hard to

see". Here the writer used 暗 to write やみ instead of the normal くら, but there is no

change in the meaning of the underlying word くらやみ.

と思いますと

Marks a quick first impression about something that, on closer look, turns out to be

different than originally perceived. "For a moment it looks like it might be X, but then it

becomes clear that it is actually Y".

その心細さと云ったらございません

その, "his", refers to Kandata. 心細さ is "dejection", "anxiety", etc., the さ noun form of

the adjective 心細い (こころぼそい). と云ったらございません is a formal version of the

expression といったらない, which marks what precedes it as being so extreme that it is

impossible to describe in words. Therefore the underlined phrase can be understood as

"there is no end to his dejection" (at the sight of the needle mountain), "he feels

indescribable dejection", etc.

しんと静まり返って

しんと is an adverbial onomatopoeia that means "in complete silence". The verb しずまり

かえる means "to fall completely silent". The redundancy of the two adverb and the verb

serves to strengthen the meaning.

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と云っては

Marks the topic of a limiting comment, which is often dismissive or belittling in tone. Here

the tone of the comment is neutral, but nevertheless has the function of limiting the scope

of the topic: "If something is heard at all, it is only the faint sighs of the sinners".

つく

"To let out" (a sigh).

ここへ落ちて来るほどの人間

"The kind of people who would fall down here". ほど marks the extent of the people's evil

character, but the sentence does not explicitly refer to their character, and this must be

understood from the context. The implied meaning is "people who are so wicked that they

were sent down to this terrible place in Hell".

疲れはてて

From 疲れ果てる, "to become completely exhausted".

さすが大泥坊の犍陀多も

"Even a great robber such as Kandata". The construction さすが Xも indicates that even

such a preeminent person as X cannot overcome some difficult condition, obstacle, etc.

血の池の血

Lit. "the blood in the pool of blood". 血の describes 池, and the second 血 refers to the

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blood that is content of the pool.

死にかかった

On the verge of dying, about to die. The auxiliary verb かかる means "to be about" to

perform the main verb, which in this case is 死ぬ. The た form is often used when a

continuous verb is used attributively (preceding its noun).

ただもがいてばかり居りました

ただ functions together with ばかり to indicate "just", in the sense that the verb もがく

(struggle, writhe, squirm) is done intensively to the exclusion of other possible actions: "he

did nothing but writhe all the time". When ばかり is applied in this function to a continuous

verb, it is inserted between the te-form of the main verb (here も が い て) and the

continuative auxiliary verb, which is usually いる but in this case is おる.

▼ 6 ▼

 ところがある時の事でございます。何気《なにげ》なく犍陀多が頭を挙げて、血の池の

空を眺めますと、そのひっそりとした暗の中を、遠い遠い天上から、銀色の蜘蛛《くも》

の糸が、まるで人目にかかるのを恐れるように、一すじ細く光りながら、するすると自分

の上へ垂れて参るのではございませんか。犍陀多はこれを見ると、思わず手を拍《う》っ

て喜びました。この糸に縋《すが》りついて、どこまでものぼって行けば、きっと地獄か

らぬけ出せるのに相違ございません。いや、うまく行くと、極楽へはいる事さえも出来ま

しょう。そうすれば、もう針の山へ追い上げられる事もなくなれば、血の池に沈められる

事もある筈はございません。

ところがある時の事でございます

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"However, one time…" The Japanese phrase is a complete sentence, whereas in English it

is more natural to express the same idea within the following sentence to which the phrase

refers.

のではございませんか

A formal version of the rhetorical-question construction のではないか, which functions

here as an exclamatory expression of surprise at some new development, similar to saying

"well, if it isn't a spider!"

ぬけ出せるのに相違ございません

ぬけ出せる is the potential form of the intransitive verb 抜け出す. に相違ございません is

a formal version of に相違ない, which expresses strong conviction about the truthfulness

of the preceding statement.

いや

Lit. "no". Used to correct oneself or offer a better phrasing of the original thought.

極楽へはいる事さえも出来ましょう

"Perhaps even manage to reach Heaven". さえも is "even" in the sense of indicating an

extreme case. 出来ましょう is used in a presumptive sense, and is identical in function to

出来るでしょう.

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事もなくなれば、...事もある筈はございません。

Derived from the X も ... ば ...Y も ... construction, which indicates interrelated or

contradictory aspects of something ("where there is X, there is also Y"). Here the basic

construction was negated, which means that both of the possibilities discussed in the

sentence do not exist. The first part of the sentence uses なくなれば because there is a

sense of change—the passive action of being driven up the mountain becomes an

impossibility. The second part incorporates the negation as part of the expression ~はずは

ない, "there is no way that ~ can happen". 筈 is the kanji for はず.

▼ 7 ▼

 こう思いましたから犍陀多《かんだた》は、早速その蜘蛛の糸を両手でしっかりとつか

みながら、一生懸命に上へ上へとたぐりのぼり始めました。元より大泥坊の事でございま

すから、こう云う事には昔から、慣れ切っているのでございます。

上へ上へと

The reduplication intensifies the meaning, indicating that the movement upwards is

ceaseless. と follows へ in certain contexts to create an adverb that indicates the direction

of the movement.

たぐり

The mide-sentence pause form of 手 繰 る, "to pull [oneself up] a rope". This is an

independent verb from the immediately following のぼり始めました.

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元より

(もとより). Needless to say. Obviously.

慣れ切っている

To be completely used to something. To have something under one's belt. As an auxiliary

verb, �� adds the idea of having completely achieved the state or action described by

main verb.

▼ 8 ▼

 しかし地獄と極楽との間は、何万里となくございますから、いくら焦《あせ》って見た

所で、容易に上へは出られません。ややしばらくのぼる中《うち》に、とうとう犍陀多も

くたびれて、もう一たぐりも上の方へはのぼれなくなってしまいました。そこで仕方がご

ざいませんから、まず一休み休むつもりで、糸の中途にぶら下りながら、遥かに目の下を

見下しました。

何万里となくございます

Lit. "there are countless myriads of ri", i.e., a vast distance. Ri is a traditional Japanese

distance unit that roughly corresponds to 3.9 kilometers. When used with a counter word

X, the construction 何Xとなく means "impossible to tell exactly how many X".

いくら焦って見た所で

"No matter how much one hurries" (the distance still cannot easily be covered). 所 で

functions together with the preceding いくら to indicate the futility of the action. ~て見た

and ~所で are grammatical expressions, and as such they are usually written in hiragana

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(てみた, ところで).

ややしばらく

A short while.

一たぐりも

[Not] even one [more] pull up the thread. たぐり, the noun form of the verb たぐる,

serves here as its own counter, directly taking the number 一.

一休み休む

Take a short rest. Lit. "rest one rest". When the number 一 is prefixed to certain nouns it

gives the noun a diminutive sense: "a little X", "a short X", etc.

見下しました

The original verb of this conjugation, みおろす, is normally written 見下ろす. Here the ろ

is included in the kanji reading.

▼ 9 ▼

 すると、一生懸命にのぼった甲斐があって、さっきまで自分がいた血の池は、今ではも

う暗の底にいつの間にかかくれて居ります。それからあのぼんやり光っている恐しい針の

山も、足の下になってしまいました。この分でのぼって行けば、地獄からぬけ出すのも、

存外わけがないかも知れません。犍陀多は両手を蜘蛛の糸にからみながら、ここへ来てか

ら何年にも出した事のない声で、「しめた。しめた。」と笑いました。ところがふと気が

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つきますと、蜘蛛の糸の下の方には、数限《かずかぎり》もない罪人たちが、自分のの

ぼった後をつけて、まるで蟻《あり》の行列のように、やはり上へ上へ一心によじのぼっ

て来るではございませんか。

のぼった甲斐があって

Climbing up the thread has paid off, proved to have been worth the effort. ~甲斐がある

means "~ paid off", "~ has led to successful results".

この分で

At this rate.

地獄からぬけ出すのも、存外わけがないかも知れません

"Even escaping from Hell may not be a far-fetched idea". Lit. "there should perhaps be no

reason why even escaping from Hell would be an unthinkable proposition". 存 外,

"unthinkable", "unforeseen", "contrary to expectation", etc., is a noun or na-adjective

(adjectival noun), so it should normally be linked to わけ with an intervening な . Here,

however, this な was dropped.

しめた

"I did it!", "Got it!", etc. Lit. "Took possession of it". This cry of joy is originally the ta-form of

the verb 占める.

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ではございませんか

Another instance of the same exclamatory expression of surprise that was also used in

segment 6, but this time more forceful, without the nominalizing の.

▼ 10 ▼

犍陀多はこれを見ると、驚いたのと恐しいのとで、しばらくはただ、莫迦《ばか》のよう

に大きな口を開《あ》いたまま、眼ばかり動かして居りました。自分一人でさえ断《き》

れそうな、この細い蜘蛛の糸が、どうしてあれだけの人数《にんず》の重みに堪える事が

出来ましょう。もし万一途中で断《き》れたと致しましたら、折角ここへまでのぼって来

たこの肝腎《かんじん》な自分までも、元の地獄へ逆落《さかおと》しに落ちてしまわな

ければなりません。そんな事があったら、大変でございます。が、そう云う中にも、罪人

たちは何百となく何千となく、まっ暗な血の池の底から、うようよと這《は》い上って、

細く光っている蜘蛛の糸を、一列になりながら、せっせとのぼって参ります。今の中にど

うかしなければ、糸はまん中から二つに断れて、落ちてしまうのに違いありません。

驚いたのと恐しいのとで

Lit. "because he was startled and the scene was terrifying". When more than one clause is

linked to the reason conjunction ので, a split form is used: Xのと Yので. There may be

more than two elements in such a construction, but regardless of their number, only the

last element takes の で while the ones before it end in の と, which is actually the

nominalizing の + connective と.

莫迦

This word is much more commonly written 馬鹿.

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しばらくはただ

"For a while [he] just…" は highlights the action that takes place within the duration of し

ばらく as the new and important information in the sentence. ただ functions together with

ばかり, which is found later in the sentence, to give the sense of "just (this action and

nothing else)".

あれだけの人数

That many people. Lit. "that extent of a number of people".

折角

The kanji spelling of せっかく, a sentence adverb indicating that someone has taken the

trouble to do something extraordinary or difficult.

この肝腎な自分までも

Lit. "including even himself, the most important person [in this event]". 肝腎 indicates the

critical thing or person on whom a given situation depends.

そう云う中にも

(そういううちにも). "Even during this". Refers to the pause in Kandata's climb up the

thread, during which the above-mentioned thoughts were running through his mind. This

expression is used figuratively, with そういう not referring to actual speech but to the

situation as described.

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何百となく何千となく

"In countless hundreds and thousands". See the note on 何万里となく in segment 8.

今の中に

(いまのうちに). Right away.

どうかしなければ

Unless [he] did something. If [he] did not do something.

▼ 11 ▼

 そこで犍陀多は大きな声を出して、「こら、罪人ども。この蜘蛛の糸は己《おれ》のも

のだぞ。お前たちは一体誰に尋《き》いて、のぼって来た。下りろ。下りろ。」と喚《わ

め》きました。

こら

An interjection used to forcefully attract someone's attention.

ども

A plural suffix that conveys a condescending tone toward the persons indicated by the

noun with which it is used.

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This masculine sentence-final particle gives the sentence the tone of an aggressive,

somewhat provocative assertion.

一体誰に尋いて、のぼって来た

Lit. "who the hell did you ask before climbing up here?", i.e., "who the hell gave you

permission to climb up here?" This is a rhetorical question that Kandata uses to reject the

sinners' attempt to follow him up the thread.

▼ 12 ▼

 その途端でございます。今まで何ともなかった蜘蛛の糸が、急に犍陀多のぶら下ってい

る所から、ぷつりと音を立てて断《き》れました。ですから犍陀多もたまりません。あっ

と云う間《ま》もなく風を切って、独楽《こま》のようにくるくるまわりながら、見る見

る中に暗の底へ、まっさかさまに落ちてしまいました。

その途端でございます

Just then. At that very moment.

何ともなかった

Lit. "there was nothing [wrong, special, etc.] about it."

たまりません

Cannot hold on, cannot withstand what is happening.

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あっと云う間もなく

An idiom that means "in an instant", "in the blink of an eye". Lit. "without even the interval

in which to say 'ah'".

風を切って

風を切る is an idiom that means "to move forcefully and with great speed".

独楽

A spinning top (used as a toy).

見る見る中に

(みるみるうちに). An idiom that means "right before one's eyes". In this case it refers to

the viewpoint of the writer and the readers, who are watching the events.

▼ 13 ▼

 後にはただ極楽の蜘蛛の糸が、きらきらと細く光りながら、月も星もない空の中途に、

短く垂れているばかりでございます。

ただ

Linked to ばかり near the end of the sentence.

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垂れているばかりでございます

This kind of construction (te-form verb + いる + ばかり + copula) means that the situation

does not develop beyond the ongoing action of the verb. Compare to the construction

seen in segment 5, where ばかり is inserted after the te-form (ただもがいてばかり居りま

した)—in which case it has an intensive and exclusive meaning.

▼ 14 ▼

 御釈迦様《おしゃかさま》は極楽の蓮池《はすいけ》のふちに立って、この一部始終

《しじゅう》をじっと見ていらっしゃいましたが、やがて犍陀多《かんだた》が血の池の

底へ石のように沈んでしまいますと、悲しそうな御顔をなさりながら、またぶらぶら御歩

きになり始めました。自分ばかり地獄からぬけ出そうとする、犍陀多の無慈悲な心が、そ

うしてその心相当な罰をうけて、元の地獄へ落ちてしまったのが、御釈迦様の御目から見

ると、浅間しく思召されたのでございましょう。

一部始終

(いちぶしじゅう). Every single detail, from beginning to end.

その心相当な罰

A punishment befitting his mentality. 相 当, "befitting to", "proportional to", is attached

directly to the target noun (here 心).

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浅間しく思召されたのでございましょう

"Must have appeared [to him] shameful". 浅間しく is the adverbial form of あさましい,

"miserable", "shameful", "deplorable", etc. The adverbial form marks the content (and not

the manner) of the thoughts. 思召された is the past passive form of おぼしめす, a highly

honorific keigo equivalent of 思う. The ending part, のでございましょう, marks the

clause as a conjecture about the reason for the Buddha's sad expression and restless

wandering. As explained before, this formal verb is functionally identical to のでしょう.

▼ 15 ▼

 しかし極楽の蓮池の蓮は、少しもそんな事には頓着《とんじゃく》致しません。その玉

のような白い花は、御釈迦様の御足《おみあし》のまわりに、ゆらゆら萼《うてな》を動

かして、そのまん中にある金色の蕊《ずい》からは、何とも云えない好《よ》い匂が、絶

間《たえま》なくあたりへ溢《あふ》れて居ります。極楽ももう午《ひる》に近くなった

のでございましょう。

頓着致しません

[The lotus flowers] "do not care about", "have no concern for", "are indifferent about" the

situation. A formal version of 頓着しない. 頓着 can also be read とんちゃく.

A flower's calyx, the green receptacle-like part just outside the petals. Here the writer

seems to be using the term to refer to the entire top structure of the flower, including the

petals.

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Noontime.

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Non-annotated text

蜘蛛の糸

芥川龍之介

 ある日の事でございます。御釈迦様《おしゃかさま》は極楽の蓮池《はすいけ》のふち

を、独りでぶらぶら御歩きになっていらっしゃいました。池の中に咲いている蓮《はす》

の花は、みんな玉のようにまっ白で、そのまん中にある金色《きんいろ》の蕊《ずい》か

らは、何とも云えない好《よ》い匂《におい》が、絶間《たえま》なくあたりへ溢《あ

ふ》れて居ります。極楽は丁度朝なのでございましょう。

 やがて御釈迦様はその池のふちに御佇《おたたず》みになって、水の面《おもて》を蔽

《おお》っている蓮の葉の間から、ふと下の容子《ようす》を御覧になりました。この極

楽の蓮池の下は、丁度地獄《じごく》の底に当って居りますから、水晶《すいしよう》の

ような水を透き徹して、三途《さんず》の河や針の山の景色が、丁度覗《のぞ》き眼鏡

《めがね》を見るように、はっきりと見えるのでございます。

 するとその地獄の底に、犍陀多《かんだた》と云う男が一人、ほかの罪人と一しょに蠢

《うごめ》いている姿が、御眼に止まりました。この犍陀多と云う男は、人を殺したり家

に火をつけたり、いろいろ悪事を働いた大泥坊でございますが、それでもたった一つ、善

い事を致した覚えがございます。と申しますのは、ある時この男が深い林の中を通ります

と、小さな蜘蛛《くも》が一匹、路ばたを這《は》って行くのが見えました。そこで犍陀

多は早速足を挙げて、踏み殺そうと致しましたが、「いや、いや、これも小さいながら、

命のあるものに違いない。その命を無暗《むやみ》にとると云う事は、いくら何でも可哀

そうだ。」と、こう急に思い返して、とうとうその蜘蛛を殺さずに助けてやったからでご

ざいます。

 御釈迦様は地獄の容子を御覧になりながら、この犍陀多には蜘蛛を助けた事があるのを

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御思い出しになりました。そうしてそれだけの善い事をした報《むくい》には、出来るな

ら、この男を地獄から救い出してやろうと御考えになりました。幸い、側を見ますと、翡

翠《ひすい》のような色をした蓮の葉の上に、極楽の蜘蛛が一匹、美しい銀色の糸をかけ

て居ります。御釈迦様はその蜘蛛の糸をそっと御手に御取りになって、玉のような白蓮

《しらはす》の間から、遥か下にある地獄の底へ、まっすぐにそれを御下《おろ》しなさ

いました。

 こちらは地獄の底の血の池で、ほかの罪人と一しょに、浮いたり沈んだりしていた犍陀

多《かんだた》でございます。何しろどちらを見ても、まっ暗で、たまにそのくら暗から

ぼんやり浮き上っているものがあると思いますと、それは恐しい針の山の針が光るのでご

ざいますから、その心細さと云ったらございません。その上あたりは墓の中のようにしん

と静まり返って、たまに聞えるものと云っては、ただ罪人がつく微《かすか》な嘆息《た

んそく》ばかりでございます。これはここへ落ちて来るほどの人間は、もうさまざまな地

獄の責苦《せめく》に疲れはてて、泣声を出す力さえなくなっているのでございましょう。

ですからさすが大泥坊の犍陀多も、やはり血の池の血に咽《むせ》びながら、まるで死に

かかった蛙《かわず》のように、ただもがいてばかり居りました。

 ところがある時の事でございます。何気《なにげ》なく犍陀多が頭を挙げて、血の池の

空を眺めますと、そのひっそりとした暗の中を、遠い遠い天上から、銀色の蜘蛛《くも》

の糸が、まるで人目にかかるのを恐れるように、一すじ細く光りながら、するすると自分

の上へ垂れて参るのではございませんか。犍陀多はこれを見ると、思わず手を拍《う》っ

て喜びました。この糸に縋《すが》りついて、どこまでものぼって行けば、きっと地獄か

らぬけ出せるのに相違ございません。いや、うまく行くと、極楽へはいる事さえも出来ま

しょう。そうすれば、もう針の山へ追い上げられる事もなくなれば、血の池に沈められる

事もある筈はございません。

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 こう思いましたから犍陀多《かんだた》は、早速その蜘蛛の糸を両手でしっかりとつか

みながら、一生懸命に上へ上へとたぐりのぼり始めました。元より大泥坊の事でございま

すから、こう云う事には昔から、慣れ切っているのでございます。

 しかし地獄と極楽との間は、何万里となくございますから、いくら焦《あせ》って見た

所で、容易に上へは出られません。ややしばらくのぼる中《うち》に、とうとう犍陀多も

くたびれて、もう一たぐりも上の方へはのぼれなくなってしまいました。そこで仕方がご

ざいませんから、まず一休み休むつもりで、糸の中途にぶら下りながら、遥かに目の下を

見下しました。

 すると、一生懸命にのぼった甲斐があって、さっきまで自分がいた血の池は、今ではも

う暗の底にいつの間にかかくれて居ります。それからあのぼんやり光っている恐しい針の

山も、足の下になってしまいました。この分でのぼって行けば、地獄からぬけ出すのも、

存外わけがないかも知れません。犍陀多は両手を蜘蛛の糸にからみながら、ここへ来てか

ら何年にも出した事のない声で、「しめた。しめた。」と笑いました。ところがふと気が

つきますと、蜘蛛の糸の下の方には、数限《かずかぎり》もない罪人たちが、自分のの

ぼった後をつけて、まるで蟻《あり》の行列のように、やはり上へ上へ一心によじのぼっ

て来るではございませんか。犍陀多はこれを見ると、驚いたのと恐しいのとで、しばらく

はただ、莫迦《ばか》のように大きな口を開《あ》いたまま、眼ばかり動かして居りまし

た。自分一人でさえ断《き》れそうな、この細い蜘蛛の糸が、どうしてあれだけの人数

《にんず》の重みに堪える事が出来ましょう。もし万一途中で断《き》れたと致しました

ら、折角ここへまでのぼって来たこの肝腎《かんじん》な自分までも、元の地獄へ逆落

《さかおと》しに落ちてしまわなければなりません。そんな事があったら、大変でござい

ます。が、そう云う中にも、罪人たちは何百となく何千となく、まっ暗な血の池の底から、

うようよと這《は》い上って、細く光っている蜘蛛の糸を、一列になりながら、せっせと

のぼって参ります。今の中にどうかしなければ、糸はまん中から二つに断れて、落ちてし

まうのに違いありません。

 そこで犍陀多は大きな声を出して、「こら、罪人ども。この蜘蛛の糸は己《おれ》のも

のだぞ。お前たちは一体誰に尋《き》いて、のぼって来た。下りろ。下りろ。」と喚《わ

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め》きました。

 その途端でございます。今まで何ともなかった蜘蛛の糸が、急に犍陀多のぶら下ってい

る所から、ぷつりと音を立てて断《き》れました。ですから犍陀多もたまりません。あっ

と云う間《ま》もなく風を切って、独楽《こま》のようにくるくるまわりながら、見る見

る中に暗の底へ、まっさかさまに落ちてしまいました。

 後にはただ極楽の蜘蛛の糸が、きらきらと細く光りながら、月も星もない空の中途に、

短く垂れているばかりでございます。

 御釈迦様《おしゃかさま》は極楽の蓮池《はすいけ》のふちに立って、この一部始終

《しじゅう》をじっと見ていらっしゃいましたが、やがて犍陀多《かんだた》が血の池の

底へ石のように沈んでしまいますと、悲しそうな御顔をなさりながら、またぶらぶら御歩

きになり始めました。自分ばかり地獄からぬけ出そうとする、犍陀多の無慈悲な心が、そ

うしてその心相当な罰をうけて、元の地獄へ落ちてしまったのが、御釈迦様の御目から見

ると、浅間しく思召されたのでございましょう。

 しかし極楽の蓮池の蓮は、少しもそんな事には頓着《とんじゃく》致しません。その玉

のような白い花は、御釈迦様の御足《おみあし》のまわりに、ゆらゆら萼《うてな》を動

かして、そのまん中にある金色の蕊《ずい》からは、何とも云えない好《よ》い匂が、絶

間《たえま》なくあたりへ溢《あふ》れて居ります。極楽ももう午《ひる》に近くなった

のでございましょう。

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(End of the book)

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