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Thermophilic sporeforming bacteria in milk powders

Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

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Page 1: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Thermophilic spore‐forming bacteria in milk 

powders

Page 2: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Background

• Bacteria involved – Bacillus, Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus – found everywhere, thermophilic ‐ spoilage

• Produce spores under stressful conditions which can withstand extreme conditions (temperature, lack of water, radiation and chemicals)

Page 3: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Background

• Biofilms

Knight et al. 2004

Page 4: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Background

• Not primarily coming from milk• Persistent population within system• Can achieve runs of 16 to 24 hrs before spore counts too high – value loss in millions

• Cleaning reduces but doesn’t eliminate• Not much known on limits of growth in milk

Page 5: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Background

• Spoilage on rehydrated products

• Powder buyers assess quality on spore counts

• So high counts  = lower value

• Extending run times would save $$$$

Page 6: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Dairy powder processing plant• Temperature ranges  ‐ 45 to 70°C, changes• Water activity decreases through the system

Page 7: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Aims

• Determine rates and limits of growth for 16 Geobacillus stearothermophilus strains –temperature, water activity in model and milk growth system– Use mathematical models tosummarise growth rates at defined conditions

Page 8: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Developing a model system

• Simulated milk broth for optical density measurements

– As close to milk as possible – casein, calcium, lactose

Page 9: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Results

‐0.1

0

0.1

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0.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Log O

D600

Time (hrs)

W14

55C

52C

‐0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

log OD6

00

time (hrs)

W5D

55C

52C

Page 10: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Milk system

• Milk – cell and spore counts• Determine cell stages over time

Page 11: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Results

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

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0 5 10 15 20 25

W14

log TVC

log Spores

pH

Page 12: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Aims• Replicate processing system at lab scale to determine best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation to pin point spots in evaporators where they are growing to high numbers

Page 13: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Control• Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic process and are not mutually exclusive – can they be disrupted?

http://www.scripps.edu

Page 14: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Control

• What triggers sporulation and biofilmformation in the dairy system?

• Can it be disrupted or cells “tricked” into forming other cell types instead of spores?– Modifying processes– Chemicals

Page 15: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Relevance to TIA• Program 4 –managing risks and opportunities

Goal: Identify and extend management options for more reliable and sustainablesystems of food production to maximise their economic value.

• Program 5 – creating valueGoal: Assist agri‐businesses to capture value through optimal use of resources in the production of products demanded and valued by consumers.

Goals• Identify microbiological impact on product value• Microbiological expertise to help achieve low spore count milk powders (high 

quality) which receive highest dollar value• Expanding industry (Murray‐Goulburn $200M on new processing plants including 

Edith Creek) can adopt/implement control measures across the board

Page 16: Thermophilic spore forming bacteria in milk Bacteria involved ... best conditions for biofilm growth and spore formation ... • Sporulation and biofilm formation is a complex genetic

Acknowledgments

• Gardiner Foundation• Dairy Innovation Australia Ltd• Brent Seale ‐ UQ• Mark Tamplin• Tom Ross• Michelle Williams• Putri Tuflikha ‐ PhD