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This is Reservoir Engineering

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Describe what reservoir engineers do, and why they do it

Describe the general layout and structure of this course

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© PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved._____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Asset Teams

Reservoir Engineering

Production Engineering

Gas and Chemical

Engineering

Environmental & Legal Aspects

Economics & Management

Research & Service Labs

Production Operations

Drilling

Design and Construction Engineering

Geology & Geophysics

Reservoir Management

Petrophysicist

Geophysicist

Production EngineerGeologist

Reservoir Engineer

Shifting Responsibilities

Asset Manager

Drilling Engineer

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Principal Tasks of a Reservoir Engineer

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Estimate hydrocarbons in place

Estimate recovery efficiency

• OOIP – Original Oil in Place

• STOOIP – Stock Tank Oil Originally in Place

• OGIP – Original Gas in Place

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• Sweep Efficiency

• Reservoir engineer imagines that the originalreservoir fluids are being displaced toward thewell by some other fluid

• Engineer calculates how much of the reservoirarea or volume is swept by the invading fluid,based on what he knows about the fluids



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•


• Drive Mechanisms

• Reserves vs. Resources

• Volumes based on conservativeestimates of reservoir rock andfluid properties

• Appear to exceed the company’scurrent minimum economicrequirements

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Create a strategy to recover hydrocarbons as fast and as cheaply as possible

• Depletion Plan

• Reserves & Resources

• Reserves vs. Cumulative Production




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• Reserves vs. Resources

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All othervolumes

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Principal Tools of a Reservoir Engineer


• Formation Volume Factor

• Gross Volumes

• Porosity

• Heterogeneity– Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient

– Lorenz Coefficient

– Correlation Length

• Saturation

• Capillary Pressure

Volumetrics

Rock Fluids



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• Oil, Gas and Water

• Track Production, Injection

• Track Reservoir Pressure

• Rock, Fluid Properties

• Forward or Backward

Material Balance pi/zi

G = 48 Bscf

p/z

, p

sia

(kP

a)

Gp (Bscf)

(41369)

(34474)

(27579)

(20684)

(13790)

(6895)


Oil Reservoir Drive

Mechanisms

Oil Reservoir Drive

Mechanisms

Solution Gas Drive

Solution Gas Drive

Gravity DriveGravity Drive

Water DriveWater DriveGas‐Cap Drive

Gas‐Cap Drive

Combination Drive

Combination Drive

Gas Reservoir Drive

Mechanisms

Gas Reservoir Drive

Mechanisms

Depletion Drive

Depletion Drive

Water DriveWater Drive

• Oil, Gas and Water

• Track Production, Injection

• Track Reservoir Pressure

• Rock, Fluid Properties

• Forward or Backward


– Oil expansion

– Gas expansion

– Water expansion

– Rock contraction

Material Balance


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Darcy’s Law


• Viscosity

• Permeability

• Formation VolumeFactor

• Pressure Difference

• Geometry– Linear

– Radial

– Spherical

Pressure TransientAnalysis

• Change rate, measurepressure

– Reservoir Pressure

– Rock Permeability

– Well Skin

• Stimulation vs.


Damage



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• Pressure vs. rate

• Test vs. production

• MathematicalTransforms

Rate TransientAnalysis

Decline Curve Analysis


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Reservoir Simulation

• Gridcells

• Timesteps

• Pressures

• Repeat

Reservoir Surveillance




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Fundamental Challenges



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The equivalent in the oil industry is to run a production log

Although this is substantially cheaper than running 3D seismic, there is always the risk that logging will damage the well


Volumetrics

Material Balance

Darcy’s Law

Pressure Transient Analysis

Rate Transient Analysis

Decline Curve Analysis

Reservoir Simulation

Reservoir Surveillance



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Reservoir Management• Start Early

• Discovery

• Delineation

• Development

• Primary vs. Secondary vs. Tertiary

• Abandonment

Discovery

Delineation

Development

PrimarySecondary

Tertiary

Abandonment

Exploration

Basin

Play

Prospect

Summary

Reservoir Engineering Tasks

• Estimate hydrocarbons in place

• Estimate recovery efficiency

• Create a strategy to recover hydrocarbons as fast and as cheaply as possible

Reservoir Engineering Tools

• Volumetrics

• Material Balance

• Darcy’s Law

• Pressure Transient Analysis

• Rate Transient Analysis

• Decline Curve Analysis

• Reservoir Simulation

• Reservoir Surveillance

• Reservoir Management


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Course Module Listing

Course Modules

Learn how properties change with pressure, temperature

and rock type



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Course Modules

Reservoir Rock Properties

Reservoir Fluid Properties

Learn about Darcy’s Law and how it is applied

Course Modules



Reservoir Flow PropertiesLearn about volumetrics, drive mechanisms and

materials balance techniques


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Course Modules



Reservoir Flow Properties

Reservoir Material Balance

Learn about tools based on statistics

Course Modules





Decline Curve Analysis & Other Empirical Methods

Learn about the calculation of reserves



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Course Modules






Reserves & Resources

Learn about pressure and rate transient analysis

Course Modules









Learn about secondary and tertiary recovery

Applies to primary recovery, when the dominant drive mechanism is

water drive or gas cap drive


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Course Modules









Reservoir Fluid Displacement

Enhanced Oil Recovery Learn about reservoir simulation for modeling the behavior of the reservoir

Course Modules









Reservoir Fluid Displacement

Enhanced Oil Recovery

Reservoir Simulation Requires a working knowledge of all the other topics making up this course



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Learning Objectives

Describe what reservoir engineers do, and why they do it

Describe the general layout and structure of this course

PetroAcademyTM Applied Reservoir Engineering Skill Modules

This is Reservoir Engineering Core

Reservoir Rock Properties Core

Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals

Reservoir Fluid Core

Reservoir Fluid Fundamentals

Reservoir Flow Properties Core

Reservoir Flow Properties Fundamentals

Reservoir Fluid Displacement Core

Reservoir Fluid Displacement Fundamentals

Properties Analysis Management

Reservoir Material Balance Core

Reservoir Material Balance Fundamentals

Decline Curve Analysis and Empirical Approaches Core

Decline Curve Analysis and Empirical Approaches Fundamentals

Pressure Transient Analysis Core

Rate Transient Analysis Core

Enhanced Oil Recovery Core

Enhanced Oil Recovery Fundamentals

Reservoir Simulation Core

Reserves and Resources Core

Reservoir Surveillance Core

Reservoir Surveillance Fundamentals

Reservoir Management Core

Reservoir Management Fundamentals

This is Reservoir Engineering Core


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