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01.Alaska_Aleutian
178˚ 180˚ 182˚ 184˚ 186˚
50˚
51˚
52˚
53˚
5 cm/yr 0 2 4Coseismic Slip
m
06/10/199606/10/1996
11/17/200303/17/2003
12/19/200708/30/2013
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/10/1996_Mw 7.9
fc = 0.0094 Hz σp = 0.11 MPa n0 = 1.523 n1 = 1.252 n2 = 0.945
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/10/1996_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0344 Hz σp = 0.56 MPa n0 = 1.824 n1 = 1.104 n2 = 0.740 1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/17/2003_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0171 Hz σp = 0.43 MPa n0 = 1.664 n1 = 1.312 n2 = 1.032
1016
1017
1018
1019
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/17/2003_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0328 Hz σp = 0.24 MPa n0 = 1.704 n1 = 1.646 n2 = 2.768
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/19/2007_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0274 Hz σp = 0.24 MPa n0 = 1.604 n1 = 1.194 n2 = 0.854
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/30/2013_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0323 Hz σp = 0.19 MPa n0 = 1.574 n1 = 0.866 n2 = 0.735
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11M0 x1020 Nm
06/10/1996_Mw 7.9
12 18 24 30 36Slip (m)
Hc = 21.7 km ∆σE = 2.50 MPaφ = 248.0°δ = 17.0°λ = 84.1°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
06/10/1996_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 30.1 km ∆σE = 3.66 MPaφ = 258.0°δ = 25.0°λ = 105.6°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 4 6 8 10M0 x1020 Nm
11/17/2003_Mw 7.8
3 6 9 12 15 18Slip (m)
Hc = 24.6 km ∆σE = 2.41 MPaφ = 280.0°δ = 19.0°λ = 122.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
03/17/2003_Mw 7.0
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0Slip (m)
Hc = 29.0 km ∆σE = 3.81 MPaφ = 289.0°δ = 22.0°λ = 136.5°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8M0 x1020 Nm
12/19/2007_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4Slip (m)
Hc = 30.8 km ∆σE = 3.22 MPaφ = 258.0°δ = 29.0°λ = 108.7°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6M0 x1020 Nm
08/30/2013_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4Slip (m)
Hc = 30.2 km ∆σE = 2.11 MPaφ = 254.0°δ = 23.0°λ = 100.0°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
02.N.America
226˚ 228˚ 230˚ 232˚ 234˚ 236˚ 238˚39˚
40˚
41˚
42˚
43˚
44˚
45˚
46˚
47˚
48˚
49˚
50˚
51˚
52˚
53˚
5 cm/yr
0 2 4 6 8Coseismic Slip
m04/25/1992
10/28/2012
1017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/25/1992_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0452 Hz σp = 1.38 MPa n0 = 2.015 n1 = 1.797 n2 = 1.861 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/28/2012_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0199 Hz σp = 1.00 MPa n0 = 1.985 n1 = 1.756 n2 = 1.812
5
10
15
20
Dep
th (k
m)
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
04/25/1992_Mw 7.2
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 8.3 km ∆σE = 5.78 MPaφ = 331.0°δ = 9.0°λ = 68.4° 5
10
15
20
Dep
th (k
m)
10 12 14 16 18M0 x1020 Nm
10/28/2012_Mw 7.8
40 50 60 70 80 90Slip (m)
Hc = 8.8 km ∆σE = 5.54 MPaφ = 320.0°δ = 18.5°λ = 90.1°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
03.Mexico
254˚ 256˚ 258˚ 260˚ 262˚
15˚
16˚
17˚
18˚
19˚
20˚
5 cm/yr 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Coseismic Slip
m
10/09/199501/22/2003
04/18/2014
09/14/199503/20/2012
02/25/1996
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/09/1995_Mw 8.0
fc = 0.0066 Hz σp = 0.05 MPa n0 = 1.513 n1 = 1.460 n2 = 1.689
1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/22/2003_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0383 Hz σp = 1.87 MPa n0 = 2.005 n1 = 1.793 n2 = 1.549
1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/18/2014_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0306 Hz σp = 0.43 MPa n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.502 n2 = 1.320
1017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/14/1995_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0419 Hz σp = 1.56 MPa n0 = 2.145 n1 = 1.809 n2 = 1.654 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/20/2012_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0520 Hz σp = 4.52 MPa n0 = 2.376 n1 = 2.121 n2 = 1.758
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/25/1996_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0412 Hz σp = 0.63 MPa n0 = 2.135 n1 = 2.216 n2 = 1.999
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15M0 x1020 Nm
10/09/1995_Mw 8.0
14 21 28 35 42Slip (m)
Hc = 15.5 km ∆σE = 1.99 MPaφ = 302.0°δ = 9.0°λ = 92.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9M0 x1020 Nm
01/22/2003_Mw 7.5
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 25.8 km ∆σE = 7.00 MPaφ = 308.0°δ = 20.0°λ = 109.2°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
04/18/2014_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Slip (m)
Hc = 22.9 km ∆σE = 2.94 MPaφ = 304.0°δ = 21.0°λ = 98.7°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5M0 x1020 Nm
09/14/1995_Mw 7.4
2 4 6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 20.4 km ∆σE = 10.29 MPaφ = 289.0°δ = 15.0°λ = 85.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9M0 x1020 Nm
03/20/2012_Mw 7.5
4 8 12 16 20Slip (m)
Hc = 20.0 km ∆σE = 21.04 MPaφ = 296.0°δ = 15.0°λ = 93.9°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
02/25/1996_Mw 7.1
0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5Slip (m)
Hc = 17.8 km ∆σE = 3.08 MPaφ = 280.0°δ = 16.0°λ = 74.5°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
04.C.America
266˚ 268˚ 270˚ 272˚ 274˚ 276˚
9˚
10˚
11˚
12˚
13˚
14˚
15˚
5 cm/yr 0 2 4 6Coseismic Slip
m
09/10/1993
11/07/2012
08/27/2012
09/02/1992
09/05/201203/25/1990
1017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/10/1993_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0414 Hz σp = 0.96 MPa n0 = 2.065 n1 = 1.629 n2 = 1.114
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/07/2012_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0248 Hz σp = 0.36 MPa n0 = 1.714 n1 = 1.339 n2 = 1.191
1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/27/2012_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0190 Hz σp = 0.20 MPa n0 = 2.125 n1 = 1.695 n2 = 1.351
1017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/02/1992_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0088 Hz σp = 0.05 MPa n0 = 1.865 n1 = 1.960 n2 = 1.407 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/05/2012_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0201 Hz σp = 0.45 MPa n0 = 1.844 n1 = 1.470 n2 = 1.833 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/25/1990_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0288 Hz σp = 0.43 MPa n0 = 1.925 n1 = 1.798 n2 = 1.598
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5M0 x1020 Nm
09/10/1993_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 29.4 km ∆σE = 9.39 MPaφ = 289.0°δ = 24.0°λ = 77.1°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5M0 x1020 Nm
11/07/2012_Mw 7.4
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 19.1 km ∆σE = 5.52 MPaφ = 291.0°δ = 25.0°λ = 80.8°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
08/27/2012_Mw 7.4
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Slip (m)
Hc = 10.5 km ∆σE = 0.72 MPaφ = 296.0°δ = 16.0°λ = 90.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4M0 x1020 Nm
09/02/1992_Mw 7.7
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Slip (m)
Hc = 12.4 km ∆σE = 0.78 MPaφ = 303.0°δ = 15.0°λ = 105.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9M0 x1020 Nm
09/05/2012_Mw 7.7
4 8 12 16 20Slip (m)
Hc = 22.3 km ∆σE = 3.41 MPaφ = 308.0°δ = 17.0°λ = 101.8°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5M0 x1020 Nm
03/25/1990_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 16.9 km ∆σE = 2.23 MPaφ = 303.0°δ = 24.0°λ = 103.6°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
05.Ecuador
276˚ 278˚ 280˚ 282˚ 284˚ 286˚
−10˚
−8˚
−6˚
−4˚
−2˚
0˚
2˚
4˚
5 cm/yr
0 2 4 6Coseismic Slip
m
11/19/1991
02/21/1996
08/04/19981017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/19/1991_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0366 Hz σp = 0.63 MPa n0 = 1.684 n1 = 1.453 n2 = 1.568 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/21/1996_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0114 Hz σp = 0.07 MPa n0 = 1.654 n1 = 2.013 n2 = 1.825
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/04/1998_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0486 Hz σp = 1.19 MPa n0 = 1.865 n1 = 1.607 n2 = 1.542
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
08/04/1998_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5 6Slip (m)
Hc = 20.8 km ∆σE = 3.91 MPaφ = 13.0°δ = 13.0°λ = 96.4°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5M0 x1020 Nm
08/04/1998_Mw 7.2
6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 13.6 km ∆σE = 0.76 MPaφ = 335.0°δ = 14.0°λ = 88.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Dep
th (k
m)
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5M0 x1020 Nm
08/04/1998_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 25.8 km ∆σE = 5.20 MPaφ = 27.0°δ = 20.0°λ = 122.7°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
06.N.Chile
282˚ 284˚ 286˚ 288˚ 290˚ 292˚
−24˚
−22˚
−20˚
−18˚
−16˚
−14˚
5 cm/yr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Coseismic Slip
m07/30/1995
11/12/1996
01/30/1998
06/23/2001
07/07/2001
08/15/2007
11/14/2007
09/25/2013
04/01/2014
04/03/2014
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/30/1995_Mw 8.0
fc = 0.0082 Hz σp = 0.07 MPa n0 = 1.323 n1 = 1.534 n2 = 1.418
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/12/1996_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0214 Hz σp = 0.46 MPa n0 = 1.523 n1 = 1.846 n2 = 1.750
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/30/1998_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0466 Hz σp = 0.46 MPa n0 = 1.343 n1 = 1.320 n2 = 1.204 1018
1019
1020
1021
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/23/2001_Mw 8.4
fc = 0.0052 Hz σp = 0.11 MPa n0 = 1.463 n1 = 1.738 n2 = 1.581
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/07/2001_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0225 Hz σp = 0.59 MPa n0 = 1.724 n1 = 1.370 n2 = 1.330
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/15/2007_Mw 8.0
fc = 0.0100 Hz σp = 0.18 MPa n0 = 1.443 n1 = 1.830 n2 = 1.583 1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/14/2007_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0099 Hz σp = 0.05 MPa n0 = 1.162 n1 = 1.525 n2 = 1.210
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/25/2013_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0853 Hz σp = 2.93 MPa n0 = 1.985 n1 = 1.440 n2 = 1.320 1018
1019
1020
1021
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/01/2014_Mw 8.1
fc = 0.0125 Hz σp = 0.54 MPa n0 = 1.624 n1 = 1.529 n2 = 1.217 1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/03/2014_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0197 Hz σp = 0.48 MPa n0 = 1.523 n1 = 1.792 n2 = 1.208
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Dep
th (k
m)
3 6 9 12 15 18M0 x1020 Nm
07/30/1995_Mw 8.0
5 10 15 20 25Slip (m)
Hc = 37.0 km ∆σE = 3.83 MPaφ = 354.0°δ = 22.0°λ = 87.1°
4 5 6 7 8 9M0 x1020 Nm
11/12/1996_Mw 7.7
6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 34.2 km ∆σE = 3.21 MPaφ = 312.0°δ = 33.0°λ = 55.0°
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5M0 x1020 Nm
01/30/1998_Mw 7.1
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 42.9 km ∆σE = 2.24 MPaφ = 8.0°δ = 17.0°λ = 104.5°
405060708090100110M0 x1020 Nm
06/23/2001_Mw 8.4
20 30 40 50 60 70 80Slip (m)
Hc = 18.1 km ∆σE = 3.05 MPaφ = 310.0°δ = 18.0°λ = 63.0°
2 3 4 5 6M0 x1020 Nm
07/07/2001_Mw 7.6
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 24.8 km ∆σE = 2.36 MPaφ = 306.0°δ = 14.0°λ = 51.9°
8 12 16 20 24M0 x1020 Nm
08/15/2007_Mw 8.0
20 40 60 80 100Slip (m)
Hc = 29.4 km ∆σE = 21.08 MPaφ = 324.0°δ = 22.0°λ = 70.0°
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10M0 x1020 Nm
11/14/2007_Mw 7.8
8 12 16 20 24 28Slip (m)
Hc = 36.7 km ∆σE = 4.13 MPaφ = 358.0°δ = 20.0°λ = 98.1°
0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
09/25/2013_Mw 7.1
0 1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 39.6 km ∆σE = 6.34 MPaφ = 307.0°δ = 31.0°λ = 84.3°
20 25 30 35 40M0 x1020 Nm
04/01/2014_Mw 8.1
12 18 24 30 36 42Slip (m)
Hc = 27.5 km ∆σE = 7.66 MPaφ = 357.0°δ = 18.0°λ = 108.9°
3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1020 Nm
04/03/2014_Mw 7.7
6 9 12 15 18Slip (m)
Hc = 31.7 km ∆σE = 4.28 MPaφ = 357.0°δ = 18.0°λ = 100.9°
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
07.S.Chile
283˚ 284˚ 285˚ 286˚ 287˚ 288˚ 289˚ 290˚−40˚
−39˚
−38˚
−37˚
−36˚
−35˚
−34˚
−33˚
−32˚
5 cm/yr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Coseismic Slip
m
02/27/2010
01/02/2011
03/25/2012
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/27/2010_Mw 8.8
fc = 0.0039 Hz σp = 0.18 MPa n0 = 1.513 n1 = 1.608 n2 = 1.595
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/02/2011_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0433 Hz σp = 0.84 MPa n0 = 1.814 n1 = 2.025 n2 = 1.532
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/25/2012_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0421 Hz σp = 0.46 MPa n0 = 1.523 n1 = 1.440 n2 = 1.176
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
150 200 250 300 350M0 x1020 Nm
02/27/2010_Mw 8.8
70 80 90 100Slip (m)
Hc = 28.3 km ∆σE = 3.16 MPaφ = 18.0°δ = 18.0°λ = 112.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
01/02/2011_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 23.9 km ∆σE = 4.88 MPaφ = 5.0°δ = 13.0°λ = 96.7°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
03/25/2012_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 33.4 km ∆σE = 1.54 MPaφ = 20.0°δ = 16.0°λ = 112.0°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
08.NewZealand
163˚ 164˚ 165˚ 166˚ 167˚ 168˚ 169˚ 170˚ 171˚ 172˚48˚
47˚
46˚
45˚
44˚
43˚5 cm/yr
0 5 10 15 20Coseismic Slip
m
08/10/199308/21/2003
11/22/2004
07/15/2009
1017
1018
1019
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/10/1993_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0514 Hz p = 0.73 MPa
n0 = 1.584 n1 = 1.775 n2 = 1.421
1017
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/21/2003_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0366 Hz p = 0.59 MPa
n0 = 1.564 n1 = 1.192 n2 = 1.446
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/22/2004_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0536 Hz p = 0.88 MPa
n0 = 1.503 n1 = 1.890 n2 = 1.871
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/15/2009_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0261 Hz p = 1.68 MPa
n0 = 2.015 n1 = 1.687 n2 = 1.649
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5M0 x1020 Nm
08/10/1993_Mw 7.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Slip (m)
Hc = 25.2 km E = 2.14 MPa
= 46.0° = 37.0° = 125.6°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5M0 x1020 Nm
08/21/2003_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5 6Slip (m)
Hc = 27.1 km E = 4.99 MPa
= 35.0° = 23.0° = 94.9°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5M0 x1020 Nm
11/22/2004_Mw 7.1
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 36.2 km E = 5.10 MPa
= 43.0° = 36.0° = 101.9°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 4 6 8 10 12M0 x1020 Nm
07/15/2009_Mw 7.8
5 10 15 20 25Slip (m)
Hc = 17.6 km E = 4.97 MPa
= 25.0° = 26.0° = 137.8°
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
09.Kermadec
181˚ 182˚ 183˚ 184˚ 185˚−31˚
−30˚
−29˚
−28˚
−27˚
5 cm/yr
0 2 4Coseismic Slip
m
07/03/1995
09/20/1997
09/29/2008
1018
1019
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/03/1995_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0416 Hz σp = 0.46 MPa n0 = 1.614 n1 = 1.236 n2 = 0.744
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/20/1997_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0464 Hz σp = 0.56 MPa n0 = 1.614 n1 = 1.173 n2 = 0.969
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/29/2008_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0382 Hz σp = 0.25 MPa n0 = 1.323 n1 = 0.771 n2 = 0.841
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Dep
th (k
m)
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8M0 x1020 Nm
07/03/1995_Mw 7.2
0 1 2 3 4Slip (m)
Hc = 44.6 km ∆σE = 3.78 MPaφ = 174.0°δ = 29.0°λ = 63.0°
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Dep
th (k
m)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5M0 x1020 Nm
09/20/1997_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2Slip (m)
Hc = 32.0 km ∆σE = 6.83 MPaφ = 195.0°δ = 29.0°λ = 89.8°
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Dep
th (k
m)
0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5M0 x1020 Nm
09/29/2008_Mw 7.1
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Slip (m)
Hc = 42.1 km ∆σE = 1.55 MPaφ = 197.0°δ = 32.0°λ = 92.3°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
10.NewHebrides
162˚ 164˚ 166˚ 168˚ 170˚ 172˚
22˚
20˚
18˚
16˚
14˚
12˚
10˚
10 cm/yr
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Coseismic Slip
m
03/05/1990
01/02/2002
12/27/2003
03/25/2007
09/02/2007
04/09/2008
10/07/2009
08/10/2010
08/20/201108/20/2011
02/06/2013
1017
1018
1019
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/05/1990_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0544 Hz p = 0.88 MPa
n0 = 2.145 n1 = 1.667 n2 = 1.238
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/02/2002_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0456 Hz p = 0.75 MPa
n0 = 1.543 n1 = 1.417 n2 = 1.168
1017
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/27/2003_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0262 Hz p = 0.28 MPa
n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.786 n2 = 1.285
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/25/2007_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0496 Hz p = 0.79 MPa
n0 = 1.523 n1 = 1.596 n2 = 1.186 1017
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/02/2007_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0350 Hz p = 0.86 MPa
n0 = 2.045 n1 = 2.061 n2 = 1.570
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/09/2008_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0374 Hz p = 0.96 MPa
n0 = 1.875 n1 = 1.303 n2 = 1.033 1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/07/2009_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0231 Hz p = 0.42 MPa
n0 = 1.664 n1 = 1.328 n2 = 1.003
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/10/2010_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0411 Hz p = 1.14 MPa
n0 = 1.844 n1 = 1.634 n2 = 1.363 1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/20/2011_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0354 Hz p = 0.45 MPa
n0 = 1.855 n1 = 1.439 n2 = 1.227
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/20/2011_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0437 Hz p = 0.63 MPa
n0 = 1.764 n1 = 1.393 n2 = 0.894
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/06/2013_Mw 7.9
fc = 0.0152 Hz p = 0.54 MPa
n0 = 2.005 n1 = 1.778 n2 = 1.454
05
1015202530354045505560657075
Dep
th (k
m)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
03/05/1990_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2Slip (m)
Hc = 25.4 km E = 7.31 MPa
= 350.0° = 28.0° = 104.2°
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5M0 x1020 Nm
01/02/2002_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 38.2 km E = 4.96 MPa
= 340.0° = 18.0° = 27.4°
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1M0 x1020 Nm
12/27/2003_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 20.4 km E = 1.20 MPa
= 324.0° = 29.0° = 94.7°
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5M0 x1020 Nm
03/25/2007_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 33.5 km E = 3.10 MPa
= 333.0° = 36.0° = 89.7°
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0M0 x1020 Nm
09/02/2007_Mw 7.3
6 12 18 24Slip (m)
Hc = 10.5 km E = 16.06 MPa
= 338.0° = 23.0° = 101.0°
1 2 3 4 5 6M0 x1020 Nm
04/09/2008_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Slip (m)
Hc = 29.6 km E = 6.25 MPa
= 340.0° = 30.0° = 100.4°
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1020 Nm
10/07/2009_Mw 7.6
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 35.4 km E = 3.44 MPa
= 344.0° = 41.0° = 87.0°
1 2 3 4 5 6M0 x1020 Nm
08/10/2010_Mw 7.3
2 4 6 8Slip (m)
Hc = 30.7 km E = 15.65 MPa
= 353.0° = 33.0° = 124.3°
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
08/20/2011_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 29.4 km E = 3.25 MPa
= 342.0° = 29.0° = 91.9°
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
08/20/2011_Mw 7.1
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 30.5 km E = 2.65 MPa
= 343.0° = 33.0° = 94.1°
4 8 12 16 20 24M0 x1020 Nm
02/06/2013_Mw 7.9
7 14 21 28 35Slip (m)
Hc = 16.6 km E = 5.23 MPa
= 309.0° = 17.0° = 61.0°
moment
slip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
11.Solomon Islands
148˚ 150˚ 152˚ 154˚ 156˚ 158˚
10˚
8˚
6˚
4˚ 10 cm/yr
0 2 4 6 8 10 12Coseismic Slip
m
05/15/199211/19/1999
08/04/201011/17/2000
03/29/2015
08/16/1995
04/29/1996
05/16/1999
04/11/2014
04/19/2014
04/01/2007
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/15/1992_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0418 Hz p = 0.61 MPa
n0 = 1.624 n1 = 1.591 n2 = 1.033
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/19/1999_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0365 Hz p = 0.20 MPa
n0 = 1.684 n1 = 1.170 n2 = 0.770 1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/04/2010_Mw 6.9
fc = 0.0320 Hz p = 0.14 MPa
n0 = 1.604 n1 = 1.503 n2 = 1.077
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/17/2000_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0096 Hz p = 0.08 MPa
n0 = 1.664 n1 = 1.161 n2 = 0.851
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/05/2015_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0178 Hz p = 0.11 MPa
n0 = 1.493 n1 = 1.020 n2 = 0.754 1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/29/2015_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0275 Hz p = 0.42 MPa
n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.228 n2 = 0.945
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/16/1995_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0172 Hz p = 0.24 MPa
n0 = 1.503 n1 = 1.328 n2 = 0.658
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/29/1996_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0440 Hz p = 0.65 MPa
n0 = 1.724 n1 = 1.501 n2 = 1.425
1018
1019
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/16/1999_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0367 Hz p = 0.22 MPa
n0 = 1.594 n1 = 1.033 n2 = 0.668
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/11/2014_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0324 Hz p = 0.17 MPa
n0 = 1.333 n1 = 1.415 n2 = 0.841 1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/19/2014_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0182 Hz p = 0.13 MPa
n0 = 1.453 n1 = 1.285 n2 = 0.638 1018
1019
1020
1021
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/01/2007_Mw 8.1
fc = 0.0055 Hz p = 0.06 MPa
n0 = 1.393 n1 = 1.892 n2 = 1.426
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4M0 x1020 Nm
05/15/1992_Mw 7.2
2 4 6 8Slip (m)
Hc = 34.4 km E = 3.85 MPa
= 282.0° = 34.0° = 88.8°
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6M0 x1020 Nm
11/19/1999_Mw 7.0
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4Slip (m)
Hc = 45.0 km E = 3.22 MPa
= 275.0° = 25.0° = 99.3°
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8M0 x1020 Nm
08/04/2010_Mw 6.9
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6Slip (m)
Hc = 27.4 km E = 0.97 MPa
= 255.0° = 31.0° = 79.9°
3 6 9 12 15M0 x1020 Nm
11/17/2000_Mw 7.8
10 20 30 40 50Slip (m)
Hc = 16.1 km E = 3.49 MPa
= 230.0° = 24.0° = 63.9°
1 2 3 4M0 x1020 Nm
05/05/2015_Mw 7.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 39.0 km E = 0.83 MPa
= 244.0° = 29.0° = 75.1°
1 2 3 4 5 6M0 x1020 Nm
03/29/2015_Mw 7.5
3 6 9 12Slip (m)
Hc = 28.7 km E = 1.99 MPa
= 254.0° = 24.2° = 81.0°
4 5 6 7 8 9 10M0 x1020 Nm
08/16/1995_Mw 7.7
6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 45.4 km E = 3.39 MPa
= 320.0° = 48.0° = 92.2°
0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6M0 x1020 Nm
04/29/1996_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 52.8 km E = 6.51 MPa
= 305.0° = 46.0° = 82.7°
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
05/16/1999_Mw 7.1
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8Slip (m)
Hc = 47.8 km E = 0.97 MPa
= 262.0° = 28.0° = 96.0°
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6M0 x1020 Nm
04/11/2014_Mw 7.1
0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4Slip (m)
Hc = 46.4 km E = 1.95 MPa
= 308.0° = 44.0° = 85.7°
2 4 6 8 10M0 x1020 Nm
04/19/2014_Mw 7.5
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 44.6 km E = 16.65 MPa
= 313.0° = 37.0° = 90.1°
10 15 20 25M0 x1020 Nm
04/01/2007_Mw 8.1
20 40 60 80 100Slip (m)
Hc = 14.8 km E = 7.62 MPa
= 305.0° = 25.0° = 80.0°
moment
slip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
12.Papua
132˚ 134˚ 136˚ 138˚ 140˚ 142˚ 144˚−6˚
−4˚
−2˚
0˚
2˚15 cm/yr
0 5 10 15 20 25Coseismic Slip
m
02/17/1996
07/17/199809/08/2002
01/03/200901/03/2009 1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/17/1996_Mw 8.2
fc = 0.0119 Hz σp = 0.91 MPa n0 = 1.865 n1 = 2.091 n2 = 1.639 1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/17/1998_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0352 Hz σp = 0.26 MPa n0 = 1.714 n1 = 1.373 n2 = 1.288
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/08/2002_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0276 Hz σp = 1.00 MPa n0 = 1.784 n1 = 2.079 n2 = 1.640
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/03/2009_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0178 Hz σp = 0.49 MPa n0 = 1.654 n1 = 1.714 n2 = 1.451
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/03/2009_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0357 Hz σp = 1.05 MPa n0 = 1.754 n1 = 1.959 n2 = 1.499
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
10 20 30 40 50M0 x1020 Nm
02/17/1996_Mw 8.2
40 60 80 100 120Slip (m)
Hc = 14.9 km ∆σE = 5.22 MPaφ = 103.0°δ = 11.0°λ = 69.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0M0 x1020 Nm
07/17/1998_Mw 7.0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5Slip (m)
Hc = 15.3 km ∆σE = 0.63 MPaφ = 146.0°δ = 19.0°λ = 127.4°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1020 Nm
09/08/2002_Mw 7.6
4 6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 18.7 km ∆σE = 4.15 MPaφ = 106.0°δ = 34.0°λ = 42.7°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10M0 x1020 Nm
01/03/2009_Mw 7.7
5 10 15 20 25 30Slip (m)
Hc = 14.2 km ∆σE = 1.75 MPaφ = 99.0°δ = 23.0°λ = 47.1°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5 6M0 x1020 Nm
01/03/2009_Mw 7.4
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 19.4 km ∆σE = 10.09 MPaφ = 101.0°δ = 26.0°λ = 71.5°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
13.Java
106˚ 108˚ 110˚ 112˚ 114˚ 116˚ 118˚ 120˚ 122˚ 124˚ 126˚
−12˚
−10˚
−8˚
−6˚
10 cm/yr0 2 4 6 8 10
Coseismic Slip
m
12/12/1992
06/02/1994
11/11/2004
07/17/2006
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/12/1992_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0107 Hz σp = 0.10 MPa n0 = 1.293 n1 = 1.892 n2 = 1.528 1017
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/02/1994_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0144 Hz σp = 0.26 MPa n0 = 2.075 n1 = 1.685 n2 = 1.261
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/11/2004_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0129 Hz σp = 0.13 MPa n0 = 1.463 n1 = 1.513 n2 = 1.376 1017
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/17/2006_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0034 Hz σp = 0.00 MPa n0 = 1.293 n1 = 1.188 n2 = 1.004
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
6 9 12 15 18M0 x1020 Nm
12/12/1992_Mw 7.8
10 20 30 40 50Slip (m)
Hc = 17.4 km ∆σE = 9.91 MPaφ = 65.0°δ = 40.0°λ = 94.6°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 4 6 8 10 12M0 x1020 Nm
06/02/1994_Mw 7.8
4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 15.4 km ∆σE = 0.65 MPaφ = 278.0°δ = 12.0°λ = 89.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4M0 x1020 Nm
11/11/2004_Mw 7.6
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 13.4 km ∆σE = 0.85 MPaφ = 80.0°δ = 10.0°λ = 101.9°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1020 Nm
07/17/2006_Mw 7.7
8 12 16 20 24Slip (m)
Hc = 11.9 km ∆σE = 1.66 MPaφ = 290.0°δ = 10.0°λ = 102.0°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
14.Sumatra
95˚ 96˚ 97˚ 98˚ 99˚ 100˚ 101˚ 102˚ 103˚−6˚
−4˚
−2˚
0˚
2˚
4˚
5 cm/yr
0 5 10 15 20 25Coseismic Slip
m
04/01/1998
02/13/2001
03/28/2005
09/12/2007
09/12/2007
09/13/2007
02/20/2008
02/25/2008
04/06/2010
05/09/2010
10/25/2010
1018
1019
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/01/1998_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0355 Hz σp = 0.15 MPa n0 = 1.373 n1 = 1.396 n2 = 1.120
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/13/2001_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0256 Hz σp = 0.32 MPa n0 = 1.614 n1 = 1.392 n2 = 0.857
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/28/2005_Mw 8.6
fc = 0.0045 Hz σp = 0.15 MPa n0 = 1.543 n1 = 1.623 n2 = 1.305
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/12/2007_Mw 8.5
fc = 0.0031 Hz σp = 0.03 MPa n0 = 1.403 n1 = 1.440 n2 = 1.165
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/12/2007_Mw 7.9
fc = 0.0179 Hz σp = 0.48 MPa n0 = 1.493 n1 = 1.554 n2 = 1.067
1017
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/13/2007_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0471 Hz σp = 0.80 MPa n0 = 1.714 n1 = 1.495 n2 = 1.140
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/20/2008_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0281 Hz σp = 0.40 MPa n0 = 1.604 n1 = 1.067 n2 = 1.044
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/25/2008_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0386 Hz σp = 0.73 MPa n0 = 1.714 n1 = 1.435 n2 = 1.196
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/06/2010_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0186 Hz σp = 0.69 MPa n0 = 1.764 n1 = 1.552 n2 = 1.302 1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/09/2010_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0368 Hz σp = 0.48 MPa n0 = 1.503 n1 = 1.298 n2 = 0.952
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/25/2010_Mw 7.9
fc = 0.0051 Hz σp = 0.02 MPa n0 = 1.453 n1 = 2.116 n2 = 1.746
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2M0 x1020 Nm
04/01/1998_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0Slip (m)
Hc = 35.9 km ∆σE = 1.27 MPaφ = 320.0°δ = 21.0°λ = 105.9°
1 2 3 4 5 6 7M0 x1020 Nm
02/13/2001_Mw 7.3
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 21.5 km ∆σE = 3.26 MPaφ = 315.0°δ = 16.0°λ = 103.6°
30 60 90 120150180M0 x1020 Nm
03/28/2005_Mw 8.6
16 24 32 40 48Slip (m)
Hc = 28.3 km ∆σE = 1.20 MPaφ = 333.0°δ = 8.0°λ = 118.0°
40 60 80 100 120M0 x1020 Nm
09/12/2007_Mw 8.5
14 21 28 35 42Slip (m)
Hc = 30.9 km ∆σE = 3.19 MPaφ = 328.0°δ = 12.0°λ = 102.0°
5 10 15 20 25M0 x1020 Nm
09/12/2007_Mw 7.9
4 8 12 16 20Slip (m)
Hc = 34.1 km ∆σE = 10.77 MPaφ = 319.0°δ = 25.0°λ = 105.0°
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5M0 x1020 Nm
09/13/2007_Mw 7.1
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2Slip (m)
Hc = 21.8 km ∆σE = 3.44 MPaφ = 312.0°δ = 10.0°λ = 92.3°
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
02/20/2008_Mw 7.3
0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5Slip (m)
Hc = 29.0 km ∆σE = 1.46 MPaφ = 299.0°δ = 11.0°λ = 80.3°
0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6M0 x1020 Nm
02/25/2008_Mw 7.2
1 2 3 4 5 6Slip (m)
Hc = 25.5 km ∆σE = 4.06 MPaφ = 317.0°δ = 6.0°λ = 102.2°
2 4 6 8 10 12M0 x1020 Nm
04/06/2010_Mw 7.8
4 8 12 16 20Slip (m)
Hc = 29.1 km ∆σE = 6.61 MPaφ = 307.0°δ = 7.0°λ = 88.0°
0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2M0 x1020 Nm
05/09/2010_Mw 7.3
0 1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 37.2 km ∆σE = 2.66 MPaφ = 308.0°δ = 15.0°λ = 88.2°
2 4 6 8 10 12M0 x1020 Nm
10/25/2010_Mw 7.9
6 9 12 15 18Slip (m)
Hc = 12.3 km ∆σE = 0.86 MPaφ = 324.0°δ = 10.0°λ = 96.0°
moment
slip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
15.Philippine_Indonesia
120˚ 122˚ 124˚ 126˚ 128˚ 130˚0˚
2˚
4˚
6˚
8˚
10˚
12˚10 cm/yr
0 5 10Coseismic Slip
m
04/18/199006/20/1991
05/17/199205/11/1993
05/05/1995
01/01/1996
06/11/1996
07/22/199611/25/1997 02/24/2001
03/05/2002
01/21/200711/16/2008
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
04/18/1990_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0173 Hz p = 0.28 MPa
n0 = 1.634 n1 = 1.166 n2 = 1.213
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/20/1991_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0234 Hz p = 0.48 MPa
n0 = 1.744 n1 = 1.214 n2 = 1.110
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/17/1992_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0442 Hz p = 0.44 MPa
n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.555 n2 = 0.775
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/11/1993_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0461 Hz p = 0.33 MPa
n0 = 1.714 n1 = 1.414 n2 = 0.964
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
05/05/1995_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0470 Hz p = 0.76 MPa
n0 = 1.734 n1 = 1.569 n2 = 1.257
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/01/1996_Mw 7.7
fc = 0.0290 Hz p = 1.87 MPa
n0 = 2.075 n1 = 1.613 n2 = 1.468
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
06/11/1996_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0371 Hz p = 0.40 MPa
n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.449 n2 = 1.257 1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/22/1996_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0346 Hz p = 0.24 MPa
n0 = 1.604 n1 = 1.363 n2 = 1.267
1017
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/25/1997_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0538 Hz p = 1.05 MPa
n0 = 1.804 n1 = 1.718 n2 = 1.175
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/24/2001_Mw 7.1
fc = 0.0516 Hz p = 0.63 MPa
n0 = 1.433 n1 = 1.003 n2 = 0.863
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/05/2002_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0234 Hz p = 0.40 MPa
n0 = 1.634 n1 = 1.500 n2 = 1.259 1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
01/21/2007_Mw 7.5
fc = 0.0219 Hz p = 0.34 MPa
n0 = 1.393 n1 = 1.006 n2 = 0.918
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/16/2008_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0288 Hz p = 0.51 MPa
n0 = 1.634 n1 = 1.475 n2 = 1.239
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
3 4 5 6 7M0 x1020 Nm
04/18/1990_Mw 7.6
4 6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 21.7 km E = 3.70 MPa
= 112.0° = 31.0° = 121.4°
2 4 6 8 10M0 x1020 Nm
06/20/1991_Mw 7.5
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 28.8 km E = 10.73 MPa
= 106.0° = 25.0° = 102.1°
0.40.81.21.62.02.4M0 x1020 Nm
05/17/1992_Mw 7.1
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 38.7 km E = 4.75 MPa
= 173.0° = 29.0° = 53.2°
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6M0 x1020 Nm
05/11/1993_Mw 7.0
0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4Slip (m)
Hc = 51.9 km E = 2.53 MPa
= 175.0° = 45.0° = 63.5°
0.30.60.91.21.51.8M0 x1020 Nm
05/05/1995_Mw 7.1
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 26.1 km E = 2.13 MPa
= 145.0° = 16.0° = 64.7°
3 6 9 12 15 18M0 x1020 Nm
01/01/1996_Mw 7.7
9 18 27 36 45Slip (m)
Hc = 19.8 km E = 13.85 MPa
= 43.0° = 9.0° = 68.8°
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0M0 x1020 Nm
06/11/1996_Mw 7.1
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8Slip (m)
Hc = 28.0 km E = 2.34 MPa
= 144.0° = 23.0° = 60.1°
0.20.40.60.81.0M0 x1020 Nm
07/22/1996_Mw 7.0
0.40.81.21.62.0Slip (m)
Hc = 29.9 km E = 0.82 MPa
= 57.0° = 14.0° = 63.1°
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5M0 x1020 Nm
11/25/1997_Mw 7.0
1 2 3 4 5Slip (m)
Hc = 25.5 km E = 3.42 MPa
= 98.0° = 21.0° = 94.4°
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0M0 x1020 Nm
02/24/2001_Mw 7.1
1 2 3 4 5 6Slip (m)
Hc = 42.9 km E = 11.68 MPa
= 197.0° = 42.0° = 78.7°
2 3 4 5 6 7M0 x1020 Nm
03/05/2002_Mw 7.5
2 4 6 8 101214Slip (m)
Hc = 28.5 km E = 6.18 MPa
= 314.0° = 25.0° = 69.9°
1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4M0 x1020 Nm
01/21/2007_Mw 7.5
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 18.9 km E = 2.17 MPa
= 34.0° = 35.0° = 107.2°
1 2 3 4M0 x1020 Nm
11/16/2008_Mw 7.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Slip (m)
Hc = 30.9 km E = 4.40 MPa
= 92.0° = 20.0° = 84.4°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
16.Japan
136˚ 138˚ 140˚ 142˚ 144˚ 146˚36˚
38˚
40˚
42˚
44˚
10 cm/yr
010Coseismic Slip
m
03/11/2011
12/28/1994
09/25/2003
10/31/2003
11/28/2004
08/16/2005
07/19/2008
03/09/2011
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/11/2011_Mw 9.1
fc = 0.0059 Hz p = 1.75 MPa
n0 = 2.055 n1 = 1.522 n2 = 1.388 1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/28/1994_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0206 Hz p = 0.69 MPa
n0 = 1.704 n1 = 1.422 n2 = 1.157 1018
1019
1020
1021
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
09/25/2003_Mw 8.2
fc = 0.0129 Hz p = 0.76 MPa
n0 = 1.724 n1 = 1.697 n2 = 1.246
1017
1018
1019
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/31/2003_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0307 Hz p = 0.17 MPa
n0 = 1.543 n1 = 1.513 n2 = 1.390
1018
1019
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/28/2004_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.1218 Hz p = 6.75 MPa
n0 = 2.015 n1 = 1.888 n2 = 1.457
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
08/16/2005_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0338 Hz p = 0.30 MPa
n0 = 1.423 n1 = 1.185 n2 = 1.052
1017
1018
1019
M0 (
Nm
)
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
07/19/2008_Mw 6.9
fc = 0.0491 Hz p = 0.56 MPa
n0 = 1.674 n1 = 1.389 n2 = 1.280
1018
1019
1020
10 3 10 2 10 1 100
Frequency (Hz)
03/09/2011_Mw 7.4
fc = 0.0278 Hz p = 0.43 MPa
n0 = 1.694 n1 = 1.256 n2 = 1.311
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Dep
th (k
m)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1022 Nm
03/11/2011_Mw 9.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Slip (x100 m)
Hc = 16.1 km E = 12.50 MPa
= 202.0° = 10.0° = 90.0°
2 4 6 8 10M0 x1020 Nm
12/28/1994_Mw 7.8
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 27.6 km E = 3.28 MPa
= 179.0° = 12.0° = 67.0°
8 16 24 32 40M0 x1020 Nm
09/25/2003_Mw 8.2
10 20 30 40 50 60Slip (m)
Hc = 28.7 km E = 5.94 MPa
= 246.0° = 16.0° = 125.0°
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2M0 x1020 Nm
10/31/2003_Mw 7.0
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8Slip (m)
Hc = 16.2 km E = 1.20 MPa
= 196.0° = 9.0° = 80.1°
0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0M0 x1020 Nm
11/28/2004_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6Slip (m)
Hc = 41.5 km E = 5.70 MPa
= 242.0° = 26.0° = 120.7°
0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4M0 x1020 Nm
08/16/2005_Mw 7.2
1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 42.8 km E = 3.79 MPa
= 194.0° = 16.0° = 81.3°
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5M0 x1020 Nm
07/19/2008_Mw 6.9
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5Slip (m)
Hc = 22.9 km E = 3.91 MPa
= 200.0° = 16.0° = 86.8°
1 2 3 4 5M0 x1020 Nm
03/09/2011_Mw 7.4
2 4 6 8 10 12Slip (m)
Hc = 18.1 km E = 1.78 MPa
= 189.0° = 12.0° = 77.8°
momentslip
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz
17.Kuril_Kamchatka
148˚ 150˚ 152˚ 154˚ 156˚ 158˚ 160˚ 162˚ 164˚
44˚
46˚
48˚
50˚
52˚
54˚
10 cm/yr
0 5 10 15Coseismic Slip
m
12/22/1991
11/13/1993
10/09/1994
12/03/1995
02/07/1996
12/05/1997
11/15/2006
1018
1019
1020
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/22/1991_Mw 7.6
fc = 0.0220 Hz σp = 0.48 MPa n0 = 1.794 n1 = 1.341 n2 = 0.980
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/13/1993_Mw 7.0
fc = 0.0434 Hz σp = 0.34 MPa n0 = 1.503 n1 = 0.903 n2 = 1.023
1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
10/09/1994_Mw 7.3
fc = 0.0380 Hz σp = 0.53 MPa n0 = 1.644 n1 = 1.525 n2 = 1.052
1018
1019
1020
1021
M0 (
N−m
)
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/03/1995_Mw 7.9
fc = 0.0108 Hz σp = 0.17 MPa n0 = 1.644 n1 = 1.231 n2 = 1.048
1018
1019
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
02/07/1996_Mw 7.2
fc = 0.0386 Hz σp = 0.38 MPa n0 = 1.634 n1 = 1.210 n2 = 0.921 1018
1019
1020
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
12/05/1997_Mw 7.8
fc = 0.0105 Hz σp = 0.06 MPa n0 = 1.373 n1 = 1.205 n2 = 0.896 1018
1019
1020
1021
10−3 10−2 10−1 100
Frequency (Hz)
11/15/2006_Mw 8.3
fc = 0.0058 Hz σp = 0.11 MPa n0 = 1.574 n1 = 1.638 n2 = 1.377
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Dep
th (k
m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8M0 x1020 Nm
12/22/1991_Mw 7.6
3 6 9 12 15Slip (m)
Hc = 23.4 km ∆σE = 2.02 MPaφ = 226.0°δ = 16.0°λ = 99.3°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
650.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
M0 x1020 Nm
11/13/1993_Mw 7.0
0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4Slip (m)
Hc = 45.7 km ∆σE = 2.65 MPaφ = 206.0°δ = 31.0°λ = 83.2°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
651 2 3 4 5
M0 x1020 Nm
10/09/1994_Mw 7.3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Slip (m)
Hc = 35.7 km ∆σE = 6.38 MPaφ = 227.0°δ = 19.0°λ = 104.6°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
656 9 12 15
M0 x1020 Nm
12/03/1995_Mw 7.9
8 12 16 20 24Slip (m)
Hc = 25.5 km ∆σE = 2.38 MPaφ = 225.0°δ = 12.0°λ = 95.1°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
650.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8
M0 x1020 Nm
02/07/1996_Mw 7.2
0 1 2 3 4Slip (m)
Hc = 35.8 km ∆σE = 3.71 MPaφ = 235.0°δ = 28.0°λ = 112.6°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
651 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
M0 x1020 Nm
12/05/1997_Mw 7.8
2 4 6 8 10 12 14Slip (m)
Hc = 42.8 km ∆σE = 2.20 MPaφ = 202.0°δ = 23.0°λ = 74.0°
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
6528 32 36 40 44
M0 x1020 Nm
11/15/2006_Mw 8.3
24 32 40 48 56Slip (m)
Hc = 15.0 km ∆σE = 3.40 MPaφ = 220.0°δ = 15.0°λ = 103.0°
0
2
4
6
8
10
T c x
(Mre
f/M0)
1/3 (
sec)
, FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(a) 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Mw
10−6
10−5
10−4
E R /
M0
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(b) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
10−1
100
σ a (M
Pa)
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(c) ER 1Hz ER 2Hz
100
101
102
∆σE
(MPa
), FF
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(d)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
HF
Slop
es
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(e) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 HzBrune
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
E R(H
F) /
E R
10 20 30 40 50 Hc (km), FF
(f) HF: 0.3−1 HzHF: 0.3−2 Hz