thực tập Phả Lại

8/8/2019 thc tp Ph Li

1/42

LI M UMi trng l tt c nhng g bao quanh chng ta, bao gm tt c nhng yu

t v sinh ( nhit , m, nh sng), hu sinh (ng vt, thc vt, vi sinh vt) v

tc ng tng h qua li gia chng.

Pht trin l tt c hot ng ca con ngi vi mc ch ngy cng nng

cao cht lng cuc sng, phc v nhu cu ca con ngi. Trong ng ch l

hot ng pht trin kinh t, khoa hc k thut v ci tin cng ngh.

Tuy nhin khng hot ng pht trin no l khng gy ra nhim hay suy

thoi mi trng. N c th l nhim t, nc, khng kh, suy gim tai nguyn

hay nh hng xu n sc kho con ngi. V vy, mn hc nhim, cng ngh,nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi sinh vin khoa mi trng l rt cn thit.

c im ca mn hc ny l i hi tnh trc quan rt cao, c bit hiu qu s

tng rt ln khi sinh vin c thy tn mt tnh hnh gy nhim mi trng ca

mt s c s sn xut trong thc t, t mnh a ra cc nhn nh, nh gi mc

nhim ri t xut cc phng n x l thch hp.

Chuyn i tham quan, kho st nh my cp nc Hi Dng( Cm Thng

v Vit Ho), nh my nhit in Ph Li i vi sinh vin khoa mi trng chng

em rt hu ch. y l dp sinh vin chng em tip cn vi thc t, qua so

snh vi nhng kin thc tip thu trn lp cng nh b sung thm nhng kin

thc cn khuyt thiu trong qu trnh hc tp.

Sinh vin thc hin

L TH HNG

1


2/42

I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHII CU

i tng nghin cu- Quy trnh cng ngh ca nh my x l nc cp Hi Dng( Vit Ho+

Cm Thng. T a ra cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ngun nc

- Quy trnh cng ngh v qua trnh x l cht thi ca nh my nhit in.

Cc vn mi trng pht sinh t hot ng ca nh my

- Hot ng ca Cng than, bi x than v nh gi cc tc ng mi trng

2. Phng php nghin cu:Qu trnh son tho bo co thc hin thng qua tho lun nhm (Semina),

tng hp ti liu kt hp vi kho st thc t ( quan st thc t, nh gi cm quan,

phng vn chnh thc v bn chnh thc).

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3/42

PHN I: NH MY NC CM THNG

1. Tng quan v nh my:

1.1/ Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin:Nh my nc Cm Thng nm trn ng Phan nh Phng_Phng

Cm Thng_Thnh ph Hi Dng.

- Nm 1936, ngi Php chn a im y xy dng mt nh my

x l nc mt vi cng sut thit k 1000m3/ngy m (cng sut thc t

600m3/ngy m).

- Sau nm 1956 Hi Dng c gii phng, nh my c Chnh Ph u

t vi cng sut t nh thit k.

- Nm 1963 Chnh Ph cho xy dng mt nh my nc bn cnh vi cng

sut 5.000m3/ngy m nhng b chin tranh tn ph.

- 1976 sau khi gii phng min Nam, p ng nhu cu dn s ngy cng

tng, m rng cng sut thm 15.000m3/ngy m.Tng cng sut: 21.000m3/ngy m.

- Nm 2006 nng cp nh my Cm Thng. a thm b lc vi cng sut

27.000m3/ngy m.

1.2/ Ngun nhn lc- Nm 1936 mi ch c 4 cng nhn vn hnh

- 2007: 410 cng nhn. Trong i ng cn b c trnh i hc l 103,trung cp 80, cng nhn bc 5 tr ln 67 ngi.

Gii thng

- Nm 1995 n nay lin tc c tng c thi ua.

- Nm 20052006 n v u tin c gii thng Vit Nam.

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4/42

- Nm2007 b Khoa hc cng ngh a xt duyt gii vng cht lng Vit

Nam

1.3/ Tnh hnh cp thot nc cho thnh ph Hi Dng- Nm 2007 n v duy nht c mng li cp thot nc an ton, cung cp

nc cho 400 h dn thnh ph Hi Dng, vi bnh qun 14 m3/h/thng.

- H thng c: ci to t 1986 n nay t hiu sut 95%.

+ Xy dng ng ng HATE.

+ B lc khng lng cn.

+ p lc ton mng kh ng u.

- Nm2006 i tc lin quan n chnh ph H Lan, ti tr 50%.HiDng u t 130 t VN, tng dy truyn sn xut: 50.000m3- ph kn huyn

Cm Ging, 1 phn huyn Bnh Giang.

2. Quy trnh cng ngh v x lNh my nc Cm thng ra i nm 1936, s dng ngun nc t sng

Thi Bnh vi c im nhiu thnh phn tp cht, cn l lng,hu c(du m),

ph saVo ma kh, nc sng c cn khong 50 -100mg/l, mu(hu c)thp; cn ma ma th c ln n 400-500mg/l.

S cng ngh v x l nc mt nh my Cm Thng

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5/42

+ Mng thu nc: Dn nc t sng Thi Bnh vo.L knh h nn v ma

l b ph sa bi p, sau ta thng phi no vt knh mng bng tu ht bn(lng bn 3.000m3bn/nm).

+ H thu ( cng trnh thu nc mt gn b): Trc khi nc t knh c

dn vo h thu i qua li chn rc(ca ht cch mt nc 3m).

+ Trm bm cp1: 4 h thu tng ng vi 4 my bm t song song, ct

y h=25m, cng sut 500m3/h/my, cng sut ng c 55kwh.

+ B trn ngang: Nc t trm bm cp 1 s c trn phn (cht tr lng:

nht, kh nng kt dnh ln) x l s b. Hin ti nh my ang dung phn cao

phn t PAC (poli amoni clorua) c cng thc ho hc:Alm(OH)nCl3m-nH2O vi

m


6/42

vo hm lng ph sa nc sng).Mt nm lng phn cao phn t m nh my

s dng khong 60-70 tn/nm.

Dng cht tr lng PAC hiu sut cao gp 8 ln phn n, gim 40% phn,

gim chi ph x l nc, cht lng nc rt cao, c ~ 0, cng sut tng20%.

Nc sau khi trn phn a vo cng li tm vi mc ch loi kh v n nh

vn tc nc vi mng li phn phi v=0,3m/s.

+ B lng: Hin ti nh my c 3 loi b lng l b lng ngang, b lng

ng, b lng trong c tng cn l lng.Trong b lng trong l u vit( nhanh,

hiu qa, gi thnh thp. Kt hp 2 qu trnh hp th + phn r nhm tng tc

lng cn) v hin nay c s dng ph bin hn.Vn tc dng nc 0,8- 0,9m/s

c ngy ln ti 1,2m/s(tng 20% cng sut). Bi thi sau qu trnh ny ch yu l

bn nhng do dy truyn cng ngh ca nh my kh c in nn cha c cng

ngh x l bn thi, n c bm thng ra trin sng( khong 400tn/nm).

B lng ngang

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7/42

B lng ng

B lng trong

+ B lc: B lc nh my Cm Thng u l b lc trng lc. By gi c trc lc, thay th cho gi ngy trc nn cht lng nc lc cao hn nhiu.

Nhng li khng c thit b kim tra vn tc lc m ch ci t h thng van khi

y s t ng m ra v th bn b lng xung, thm vo van thu nc li m

theo vt (ng m lin tc) do vn tc lc dao ng lin tc s gy bt tin cho

mng lc.

Vt liu lc: Ct thch anh (thnh phn Si>=95%), dng ct sc cnh

(d=0,8-1,2mm) vi u im: kh nng gi cn cao, khng trt ln thnh ct, bn

chm xung su trnh lm hng ct. dy tng ct: 1,2m.

Sau khi lc cn 10mg/l cht cn, vi sinh vt. Trc khi chuyn qua b cha

th noc t b lc s c kh trng bng clo (clo c ho lng bm vo

ng:1,4kg/m3). Nhng vn t ra y l: mc d gi thnh clo r cng vi vic

s dng clo d vn hnh, xong nhng ri ro tim tng v clo cng rt cao chng

hn nh: v bnh, r r ra ngoi

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S b trn

+ Trm bm 2 (phn phi): Nc t b cha s c chuyn qua tram bm

cp 2, ri phn phi i cc ni. Gm 4 my bm(3ln+1 nh): lc y h=6m, ng

c cng sut 135kwh, cng sut 5.400m3/h.

S dng my bin tn iu chnh p lc, lu lng ph hp vi ngi

tiu dng (h thng iu hnh t ng nhm tit kim in).

Su thng u nm 2007, my bin tn gim 600 triu tien in.

Khi s c xy ra: t chi khng ng in, bo v my tt.

iu chnh tc ng c tt, vic bm noc vo ng ng khngbin i, khng cn tho ra thit b.

Khng cn n mn r (tc quay nh mc): n mn gy ra do bt kh

ca h thng ng nc.

1. Nhng yu t nh hng n cht lng ngun nc cp

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9/42

Kh hu

-Nhit i gi

ma.

-Lng ma1426mm/nm

- m

khng kh 84%

T

hu vn

-Nhiu nhnh

sng Sng Thi

Bnh.

-Hng chy:

Ty Bc-ng

Nam.

-Dng chy

bin i theo ma.

Ch thu

triu thun nht

-Hot ng

ca tu thuyn v

khai thc ct.

-Nc sinh

hot, sn xut pha long.

C

on

ng

i

-Cht

lng nc: SS,

BOD, COD,

VSV,

T

hn

g

s.C

ng

ngh x

l

-Chiu su b lng.

-Vn tc dng chy.

-Nhn lc, trnh

,KHKT, tay ngh

.

9

Ngun

nc

-Chiu cao, v tr lichn rc.-S c k thut, my

mc.-T l cht keo t v trlng.-Chi ph u t, nng cpthit b.


10/42

.

PHNII: NH MY NC VIT HO

1/ Tng quan v nh my

1.1/ Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trinNh my nc Vit Ho ( thuc thnh ph Hi Dng) do Nht Bn xy

dng, cng ty TCI thit k.

- Nm 2000 Chnh Ph Vit Nam v Nht Bn phi hp xy dng, tng s

vn u t l 386 t VND.

-Cht lng ng

ng.

-Khong cch n khu

dn c.

-Mt dn s.

-Thi quen v nhu cu

tiu th nc

M

ng li

cp nc

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11/42

- Nm 2002 nh my i vo hot ng, tr thnh thnh nh my hin i

nht ti thi im .Cng sut thit k 10.000m3/ngy m.

- Ngun nc ngm: t Ph Ni- Hng yn, su 80-100m, cch nh my

30km.- S lng cn b, cng nhn: >50 ngi.

1.2/ c im ngun nc v tnh hnh s dng- X l nc ngun thnh nc sch sinh hot.

- Cht lng ngun nc ngm tng i n nh.

- Nc c PH thp(PH=5,2-5,6) nhiu khong(kim loi nng). Trong :

Fe=24-34mg/lMn=2,1mg/l

- Cung cp nc cho 16.000 h gia nh, ch yu l vng ven .

2/ nh hng hot ng ca nh my:

2.1/ nh hng n tr lng nc-Tr lng t nhin

+ Cu to a cht+ Kh hu

+Sng ngi

- Suy gim tr lng nc ngm: do khai thc

2.2/ nh hng n cht lng ncNng khong (kim loi nng:Fe, Mn) bin i do:

- Cu to a cht- Qu trnh khai thc

- nhim nc mt

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12/42

Ging

Bm

-TngpHbngvi-Keo

t Febngphn.

OxihoNH+

4

thnhNH

3

Chanc

sch

-OxihoFe+2

Fe3+

TngpHbn

-KtbngFe vcc ionkhc

kt talng

-Lc Fe,Mn-Lc CR llng-Hot ho

ct Mn.-Kh trng

Cungcpnc

2.3/ nh hng n vn hnh- Quy m nh my, c s h tng

- Trnh qun l, khoa hc cng ngh

2.4/ nh hng n qu trnh phn phi:- Nhu cu s dng nc

- C s h tng

3/ Quy trnh x l nc ngm:

Dnma

B

tip

xc

O2

B

pH

Mc

ch

B

lngB

keo

t

B

kt

bng

12

B lc:

AntraxitCt Mn

Ct

Si

B

cha(Chancsch)

Trm

bm


13/42

PHN III: NH MY NHIT IN PH LI

1/ Tng quan v nh my:

1.1/ V tr a l:- Nh my nhit in Ph Li( nay l cng ty c phn nhit in Ph Li)

thuc a phn Ch Linh, tnh Hi Dng, bn b sng Thi Bnh, ch tip gip

ca 6 con sng ln.

- Cch th H Ni 56km v pha ng Bc, ng 18 v t ngn sng

Thi Bnh.

1.2/ Quy m nh my:Tng din tch t chim khong 322 ha. Trong , din tch phn t cng

nghip ca nh my l 128 ha,cn 194 ha l mt bng xy dng.

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14/42

Nh my nhit in Ph Li

1.3/ Nhin liu:- Than : than cng ty s dng l hn hp than ca m than Vng Danh, Yn

T, Cm Ph, Mo Kh, Hng Gai. C thnh phn ch yu nh sau:

+ tro trung bnh: 28%

+Lu hunh: 0,5-0,6%

+Kh nng to nhit ca than: 5.000-5.500Kcal/Kg

Than c ch bng ng thu (70% nhu cu nhin liu) v ngst(30%).

- Du FO: Nh my nhit in Ph Li s dng du nng FO khi ng

l hi v t km khi l hi b s c.

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15/42

1.4/Cc giai on pht trin:- Giai on 1(dy chuyn 1): Nh my nhit in c khi cng xy dng

ngy 17/5/1980 v i vo hot ng t nm 1983, do Lin X thit k lp t, c

cng sut thit k 440MW.Dy chuyn 1 gm 4 t my, 1 t my gm:2 l hi caop, 1 tua bin, 1 my pht in, 1 my bin p, cng sut mi t my 110MW.Tm

l hi u c lp t thit b lc bi tnh in. Kh thi sau khi qua lc bi tnh

in c tp trung v thi qua 1 ng khi cao 200m vi ng knh ming thi

7,2m.

Thit b ca dy chuyn 1 thuc th h nhng thp nin 70-80 nn nng sut

nhin liu cha cao.

T khi a vo vn hnh n ht nm 2005, dy chuyn 1 pht c trn

3,95 t KWh, phc phu c lc cho vic pht trin cng nghip v dn dng ca c

nc.

Cng vic i tu, sa cha cc thit b c m bo ng chu k quy nh,

c bit l h thng l- my v h thng lc bui tnh in nhm m bo cc ch

tiu kinh t-k thut v gim thiu nhim mi trng.

- Giai on 2(dy chuyn 2): i vo hot ng nm 2002.Gm 2 t my,mi

t my cng sut 300MW:c 1 l hi, 1 tua bin, 1 my bin p, 1 my pht in.

Hai l hi u c lp t thit b lc bi tnh in v thit b kh SO 2.Kh thi

sau khi qua thit b kh lu hunh c tp trung v thi ra ng thi ring bit, ng

khi cao 200m, ng knh

ming thi 4,2m.Nm 2005

dy chuyn 2 vn hnh vpht ln li 4,5 t KWh.

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16/42

Nh my nhit in Ph Li 2

1.5/ Sn lng in cc nm gn y:- Nm 2002 t 3,635 t KWh

- Nm2003 t 5,810 t KWh

- Nm 2005 t 6,760 t KWh

Tng s cng nhn vin chc ca cng ty hin ti l 2200 ngi. Cho n

hin nay cha pht hin bnh ngh nghip ca cn b cng nhn vin chc cacng ty.

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17/42

2. Cc vn mi trng ca nh my nhit in Ph Li:

- nhim khng kh:

Khu vc sn xut:Khng kh b nhim bi cc kh c hi SO 2, NOx,

hi kim loi nng v ho cht hu cKhng kh cn b nhim bi bi, tuy

nhin trong thc t sn xut trong nhng nm qua cho thy nhiu s c xy ra

do s hot ng km hiu qu ca b phn lc bi tnh in, gy nn tnh trng

nhim bi khu vc sn xut. Mt khc vic ly x khu vc sn xut dn n

tnh trng xut hin cc ngun pht tn bi th cp, v sinh mi trng lao ng bgim st.

Khu vc ln cn nh my: khu vc nh my trong phm vi cch ng

khi 2000m khng b nhim bi cc kh c hi SO2,NOx, hi kim loi nngi

u vo(than,du,ho chtlm mm nc)

Hi

in

L t

Dng lng: dng

thi nhit, dngthi cha x, dngthi cha du

Dng kh: SO2,

NOx, hi kim

loi nng.

Nng lng(nhit)

Dng rn: tro,x, cn sau xl nc thi x.

Cht thi

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18/42

vi bi, khu vc xung quanh nh my b nhim, nhiu v tr o c gi tr bi

vt tiu chun cho php t 2-8 ln.

Khu vc xa nh my: Khu vc cui hng gi t chn ng khi trong

khong cch t 4km n 20-30km vn b nh hng ca bi. Hai hng gi chnhvi tn sut xut hin cao l ng Bc v ng Nam, do vng chu nh hng

ln nht l vng pha Ty Nam v Ty Bc ca nh my nhit in Ph Li. Cc

huyn Qu V, Gia Lng thuc tnh Bc Ninh, Yn Dng thuc tnh Bc Giang

u chu tc ng ca bi than.

- nhim ting n

Hot ng sn xut ca nh my nhit in Ph Li gy nhim ting nvi cc loi ngun cc khc nhau: qut gi, my nghin than cm,gim p sut ni

hi, my nnTrong qu trnh thit k cc chuyn gia p dng gii php cu

trc v che chn nhm lm gim tc ng ca ting n ti ngi lao ng v khu

vc xunh quanh.

- nhim nc

Lng nc cp: Tng lng nc cp cho cc hot ng ca nha my

khong 2,64 triu m3/ngy m.Lng nc cp s dng ch yu cho mc ch sn

xut, bao gm:

+ Nc lm mt:Nc sng Thi Bnh cp lm mt h thng tuabin v cc

loi my khc hot ng. Lng nc cp cho hot ng ny khong 1,8 triu

m/nm.

+ Nc thi tro x: Tro, x c trn vi nc sng Thi Bnh theo t l 1:9

to thnh bn bm v h cha x cch nh my 2km. Lng nc cp cho hotng bm x t 0,5-2,3m3/s.

+ Nc cp cho hot ng ni hi: hin ti nh my c 8 ni hi, mi ni

hi c th tch 100m3. Nc cp cho ni hi cn c x l rt k trc khi s

dng.

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19/42

Nc thi: nc thi sn xut l mt trong cc yu t gy nh hng n

mi trng xung quanh nh my nhit in Ph Li thi ra mi trng 1 lng thi

ln, c c tnh nh sau:

65-70% tng lng nc thi t b phn lm mt tuabin v ng c25-30% tng lng nc t b phn bm tro x

3-5% tng lng nc thi do cc b phn hot ng sn xut khc v tht

thot do bay hi.

Nc thi tro x vi kh lng ln cha nhiu cc kim loi nng, c cng

cao.Nc thi tro x khng th s dng c vm mc ch sinh hot, khi

xung sng Kinh Thy s gp phn lm nhim nc sng.Nc thi lm mt c nhit cao. nc u knh c th ln ti 38,50C, cu

knh dn nc thi l 280C.

- Cht thi rn: gm cc loi:

+ Rc thi snh hot v vn phng ca nh my tnh trung bnh trong 1 nm

khong 450 tn.

+ Rc thi sn xut bao gm: than ri vi+x than.

3. Quy trnh cng ngh v x l

3.1/ Quy trnh cng ngh:

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20/42

+Vn chuyn v tp kt nhin liu:

Cng bc d than trn sng Thi Bnh c b tr 4 cn cu, c kh nng

bc d 3000 tn/ngy m v c kh nng tip nhn 4-5 on x lan/ngy

m.Cng bc d than bng ng st hin nay thng tip nhn 2 on xe vi

cng sut 2.000 tn/ngy m.

Than bc d bng cu than ln 4 mng than v sau oc vn chuyn bngbng ti ti kho cha than v l hi, bng ti than c b tr trong h thng mng

kn.

Ngoi kho cha than, nh my cn c kho vi 3 b cha du FO,tng lng

du c th cha l 9.000 tn. Du FO ch yu c vn chuyn ti nh my bng

ng sng.

+ H thng nghin than cm : Than oc nghin trong h thng nghin kiu

kn. Nh my c 8 my nghin, cng sut mi my 33,5 tn/gi.Sau khi c

nghin mn, than mn c trn vo bunke than bt trung gian v sau c a

vo bung t l hi do phng iu hnh trung tm iu khin.

+ L hi v t hp pht in

TuabinDychuyn

in

Kh, bi xNhit,hi, x

l

Cng Kho

Bi, thanri vi

Mynghin sy

Lhi

Bi, tingn

Nc lmmt, ting n

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21/42

Hi nc qu p t cc l hi c dng chy cc tuabin pht in .

khi ng c l hi v m bo p lc hi chy tuabin, du FO c cung cp

vo l hi theo ng ng dn ring

m bo an ton cho hot ng sn xut ca cc t my, c b tr hthng tn hiu bng nh sng bo s c, c h thng bm du bi trn v bm du

s c ca tuabin

+ Cung cp nc lm mt v x l nc k thut:

Nc lm mt cho cc ng c v bnh ngng t hi nc ca tuabin c

ly trc tip t sng Thi Bnh vi nhu cu 20,8m3/s.Nhit nc sau cc bnh

ngng t tng ln 7-80C, nc nng c thi ra dn theo knh h ra sng Thi

Bnh.

Nc mm cung cp cho l hi c x l bng phn, lc c hc v sau

lc bng nha trao i ion. Nc c lm mm v a vo 3 b cha, mi b

c dung tch 2.000m3.

+ Lc bi ca khi thi: Do s dng than cm mn lm nhin liu t l

hi,trong h thng dy chuyn ca nh my c b tr cc b lc tnh in trn

tuyn dn khi t l hi ti ng khi.

+Trm bin p v phn phi ti in:Cc trm bin p c b tr nhm ho

mng in pht ra t nh my ln li in qua cc trm phn phi 110kV v

220kV.

+Thi tro x ca l hi: Nh my nhit in Ph Li b tr h thng thi tro

x ca l hi theo nguyn tc cun bng nc (t l x:nc=1:9) ti h cha x

Khe Lng, Bnh Giang.

3.2/ Quy trnh x l :

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S cng ngh x l kh thi

22

Kh + Bi Lc bi tnh in

ng khiDng thi cha

bi,x.

Bi thu cphun nc

Thp hp thCaCO

3

Kh


23/42

S cng ngh x l nc thi

+ Cng ngh x l kh ln bi: Dng phng php lc tnh in, ta thu c

bi v kh ring. Bi sau khi thu s c phun nc chuyn thnh dng thicha bi x.Cn kh sau khi lc tnh in l kh sch bi s c a vo thp hp

th(CaCO3) ri chuyn ra ng khi.

+ Cng ngh x l cht thi rn: CTR bao gm x than v tro, c vn

chuyn bng h thng thu lc v 2 trm bm thi x.Sau khi pha long vi nc

t t l 1/9,hn hp c bm than x cng sut 1.250m3/h y qua ng ng

ln h x Bnh Giang, to x kh em bn lm ph gia xi mng, ng gch...Cn

x l bi th bin php n gin nht l trng nhiu cy xanh mt cch hp l. Cn

i vi than ri vi th phi no vt nh k.

Nc cp

Nc thi

Nc lmmt

Nc thisn xut

-B lng nc sinh hot-B sc kh.-B iu chnh pH.-B lng t.-B tch bn.-B nc trong

Lm mmnc

Nc thisinh hot

Nc sau xl

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24/42

+ Cng ngh x l nc thi: C mt s vn nh Dng nc thi c cha

du th ta phi lm lng dng nc thi ny li ri vt vng du, y l bin php

r tin m li nhanh nht cng nh c hiu qu tt.

Nc lng trong h x Bnh Giang c thu hi vo b cha v bm ngcv cng ty s dng cho vic vn ti tro x.

Nc lm mt cho cc bnh ngng c ly t 2 trm bm tun hon cnh

b sng gn cng ty c thi ra 2 bn knh h chy ra thng v h lu sng

Thi Bnh, 1 phn nc c tun hon quay tr li, phn cn li ti cho cc

cnh ng la pha Nam ca huyn Ch Linh bng knh Phao Tn-An Bi.

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PHN IV: HOT NG CA CNG THAN, BI X THAN V TCNG TI MI TRNG

1.Hot ng cng than v tc ng mi trng

1.1/ Tng quan v khu vc Cng than- Cng than nm ng ba sng Cu-sng Thng-sng Thi Bnh, chiu di

1km, l cng ni a ln nht.

- Kho than:sc cha 200.000 tn

- Cng bc d than trn sng Thi Bnh c bs tr 4 cn cu, c kgr nng

bc d 3000 tn/ngy m v c kh nng tip nhn 4-5 on x lan/ngy m.

+ S hot ng:

(1) (2) (3)

Than bc d bng cu than ln 4 mng than v sau c vn chuyn bngbng ti ti kho cha than v l hi, bng ti than c b tr trong h thng mng

kn.

1.2/ Tc ng mi trng1. 2.1/ i vi mi trng t nhin

(1) - nhim du do nc ra tu, my mc v r r.

-Than ri vi nh hng ti mi trng nc v h ng thc vt thu sinh ti lu vc

sng.

(2)Ri vi than trong qu trnh bc d to ra bi

- nhim ting n do hot ng ca my mc

Bc d thanChuyn thanvo nh my

Vn chuynthan vocng

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nh hng n sc kho ngi lao ng, cht lng nc v khng kh

(3)Bi do ri vi :

nh hng n cht lng khng kh trong nh my v sc kho ca cng

nhn.nh hng n qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh

1. 2.2/ i vi mi trng x hi

- Tao cng n vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi dn

-Gy ra cc t nn x hi: trm cp, bi bc, trai gi, ht chch

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huyn ch than

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Dy chuyn bc d than

2. Hot ng bi x than v tc ng mi trng

2.1/ Tng quan chungH cha x Khe Lng l 1 thung lng thp, cch nh my khong 2km v

pha ng Bc.Ba x Khe Lng c a vo s dng t thang11nm1983 khi

nh my bt u sn xut. Trn thc t mi nm bi x Khe Lng tip nhn khong

260-300 nghn tn bn nc thi.Ti bi x qu trnh trm lng t nhin din ra,

bn x sau 1 vi ngy lng xung y h v phn nc lng theo mng rnh c

dc 5-100 chy xung khu vc t thp pha Nam ca bi thi vi lu lng t a

2,3m3/s. n nay h Khe lng y bn x vi khi lng c tnh 2,6-3 triu

tn.

H Bnh Giang: H cha x Bnh Giang c a vo s dng khi h cha

x Khe Lng ngng hot ng.Dung tch bi x Bnh Giang c th ln ti 3,72 triu

m3.

2.2/ Ngun thi v cc hot ng pht trin Ngun thi

- Nh my nhit in Ph Li s dng ~10.000 tn than cm/ngy lm

nhin liu t chnh.

- Lng tro ~ 785.400 tn/nm, lng x ~ 178.850 tn/nm.

Hot ng ti bi thi

- X than+tro+nc theo ng x trc tip vo 2 bi thi: Khe Lng+Bnh

Giang.- Nc y x sau khi lng c quay vng tr li dng ln tip theo.

- Tro x c khai thc bi: Cng ty c phn Cao Cng

H gia nh

+ Hot ng khai thc ca cng ty Cao Cng

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Hot ng t thng 7-2006 vi hn 200 cng nhn v cn b nhn vin

Khai thc tro x 0.6 t n/ngy

Tro x c tuyn ni, sy kh, ng bao s dng lm ph gia cho vt

liu chng thm.

+ H gia nh

Mc ch: Tuyn tro x lm ph gia chng thm thay st

Nhin liu nung vi, un nu: Trn x than vi bn un nu

Trn x than vi t dng nung vi vi t l 5:2

2.3/ Cc hot ng nh hng:

- Cht thi rn gm x than v tro, c vn chuy bng h thng thu lc

v 2 trm bm thi x. Sau khi pha long vi Nc t t l 1:9, hn hop c

bm than x cng sut 1.250m3/h y qua ng ng ln h x Khe Lng.

- Nc lng trong h x c thu hi vo b cha v bm ngc v cng ty

s dng cho vic vn ti tro x. H x lm nhim v lu tr nc v x, va l ni

bm nc quay vng s dng v tiu thot, r r nc,

- X than trong h do cng ty t nhn khai thc vn chuy bng xe ti vngi dn a phng ly v lm vt liu xi mng, ong gch( chng n v m),

cht ph gia( cn qua x l tinh lc).

2.4/ Cc tc ng mi trng chnh:- Trm tch,cn tro x, du lng ng trong h lm nhim ton b ngun

nc mt ny.

- S nhim bn nc h do bi t cc bi t khai thc ven h v bi nnng.

- S nhim bn t do nc h r r thm vo v do vn chuyn x

- Xm pham ln t ai vng h cha v vng t, rng xung quanh lm a

im xy dng. tm thi, tng lng tch tr nc thi nh my

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- nhim khng kh nng do bi x pht tn trong qu trnh khai thc x t

h cha

- Ting n quanh khu vc khai thc trn h

- Bin dng cnh quan do tuyn ng vn ti, bi khai thc x v vng hcha vn chuyn lin tc nc thi t nh my

- L t, tri t, xi mn t dc ng vn chuyn bao quanh h cha

- Ph hu thm thc vt v sinh vt bn a, gim a dng sinh hc khu vc,

tn thng h sinh thi vung h v vng ln cn

- Ph v cn bng nc mt t v tng nc ngm, bin i vi kh hu

- Mi trng nhim to ni c tr pht trin cho cc loi bnh

- Lng dn vo vng h tiu thot nc khai thc x than lm tng

nhim mi trng khng kim sot c.

2.5/ Gii php gim thiu:- C k hoch xy dng h thng kim sot v khng ch nhim khng kh

- Trng cy khu vc bao quanh h

- Quy hoch sinh thi khng gian khu vc h m bo hi ho vi cnh quan

mi trng

- K h hoc b tng ho nn dy h m bo khng thm nc thi t

h vo mi trng t xung quanh

- B tr, sp xp li cc tuyn khai thc vn chuy x

- Xy dng thm cc cng trnh tiu thot nc

To cc hnh lang ni v qua li khong cch thch hp vi v tr bi thi

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KT LUNMc tiu qun l mi trng v pht trin bn vng kinh t x hi ca nc

ta ni chung v Tnh Dng ni ring trong khung cnh nhu cu khai thc ti

nguyn v s dng nng lng ngy cng cao ca con ngi v cc ngnh kinh t,

sn xut, dich v ko theo l thc trng nhim nghim trng c pham vi nh

hng su sc v lu di cha c nh gi mt cch thch ng.

ng trc thc trang , yu cu t ra cho ton x hi l phi kim sotv tm bin php han ch nhim mi trng. Mt trong cc gii php hn ch s

nhim mi trng l gii php pht trin bn vng tc l pht trin kinh t kt

hp vi bo v mi trng.

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TI LIU THAM KHO1. Gio trnh hng dn v nhim, cng ngh v nh tc ng mi

trng

2. Bo co thuyt minh qu trnh xy dng v pht trin ca Cng ty x l

nc cp Hi Dng, Cng ty c phn nhit in Ph Li

3. Bo co kho st-gim st mi trng khu vc Cng ty x l nc cpHi Dng, Cng ty c phn nhit in Ph Li

Webside:http://s.40.photobucket.com/album/courlourofthewind/%20thuc

%20tap/hd.

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MC LC

LI M U ..................................................................................................................................1I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHII CU .......................................................................2

i tng nghin cu ................................................................................................................. 22. Phng php nghin cu: ....................................................................................................... 2

PHN I: NH MY NC CM THNG .............................................................................. 31. Tng quan v nh my: ...........................................................................................................3

1.1/ Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin: ...................................................................................31.2/ Ngun nhn lc ...............................................................................................................31.3/ Tnh hnh cp thot nc cho thnh ph Hi Dng ........................................................4

2. Quy trnh cng ngh v x l .................................................................................................. 4PHNII: NH MY NC VIT HO .....................................................................................10

1/ Tng quan v nh my ...........................................................................................................101.1/ Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin .................................................................................. 101.2/ c im ngun nc v tnh hnh s dng ..................................................................11

2/ nh hng hot ng ca nh my: ...................................................................................... 112.1/ nh hng n tr lng nc ...................................................................................... 112.2/ nh hng n cht lng nc .................................................................................... 112.3/ nh hng n vn hnh ................................................................................................122.4/ nh hng n qu trnh phn phi: .............................................................................. 12

3/ Quy trnh x l nc ngm: ...................................................................................................12PHN III: NH MY NHIT IN PH LI .......................................................................... 13

1/ Tng quan v nh my: ..........................................................................................................131.1/ V tr a l: .....................................................................................................................131.2/ Quy m nh my: ............................................................................................................131.3/ Nhin liu: .......................................................................................................................141.4/Cc giai on pht trin: ..................................................................................................15

1.5/ Sn lng in cc nm gn y: ................................................................................... 162. Cc vn mi trng ca nh my nhit in Ph Li: ...................................................... 173. Quy trnh cng ngh v x l ................................................................................................ 19

3.1/ Quy trnh cng ngh: ...................................................................................................... 193.2/ Quy trnh x l : ..............................................................................................................21

PHN IV: HOT NG CA CNG THAN, BI X THAN V TC NG TI MITRNG .......................................................................................................................................25

1.Hot ng cng than v tc ng mi trng .........................................................................251.1/ Tng quan v khu vc Cng than ................................................................................... 251.2/ Tc ng mi trng ..................................................................................................... 25

2. Hot ng bi x than v tc ng mi trng ..................................................................... 28

2.1/ Tng quan chung ............................................................................................................ 282.2/ Ngun thi v cc hot ng pht trin .......................................................................... 282.3/ Cc hot ng nh hng: ............................................................................................. 292.4/ Cc tc ng mi trng chnh: ......................................................................................292.5/ Gii php gim thiu: .....................................................................................................30

KT LUN ....................................................................................................................................31TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................. 32

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TuabinDychuyn

in

Kh, bi xNhit,hi, x

l

Cng Kho

Bi, thanri vi

Mynghin sy

Lhi

Bi, tingn

Nc lmmt, ting n

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Nc cp

Nc thi

Nc lmmt

Nc thisn xut

-B lng nc sinh hot-B sc kh.-B iu chnh pH.-B lng t.-B tch bn.-B nc trong

Lm mmnc

Nc thisinh hot

Nc sau xl

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PHN IV: HOT NG CA CNG THAN, BI X THAN V TC NG

TI MI TRNG

1/Hot ng cng than v tc ng mi trng

1.1/ Tng quan v khu vc Cng than- Cng than nm ng ba sng Cu-sng Thng-sng Thi Bnh, chiu di

1km, l cng ni a ln nht.

- Kho than: sc cha 200.000 tn

- Cng bc d than trn sng Thi Bnh c b tr 4 cn cu, c kgr nng

bc d 3000 tn/ngy m v c kh nng tip nhn 4-5 on x lan/ngy m.

+ S hot ng

Than bc d bng cu than ln 4 mng than v sau c vn chuyn bng

bng ti ti kho cha than v l hi, bng ti than c b tr trong h thng mng

kn.

2/ Tc ng mi trng

Bc d thanChuyn thanvo nh my

Vn chuynthan vocng

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2.1/ i vi mi trng t nhin

(1) - nhim du do nc ra tu, my mc v r r.

- Than ri vi

nh hng ti mi trng nc v h ng thc vt thu sinh ti lu vcsng.

(2)Ri vi than trong qu trnh bc d to ra bi

- nhim ting n do hot ng ca my mc

nh hng n sc kho ngi lao ng, cht lng nc v khng kh

(3)Bi do ri vi :

nh hng n cht lng khng kh trong nh my v sc kho ca cng

nhn.

nh hng n qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh

2.2/ i vi mi trng x hi

- Tao cng n vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi dn

- Gy ra cc t nn x hi: trm cp, bi bc, trai gi, ht chch

4.2/ Hot ng bi x than v tc ng mi trng

1/ Tng quan chung

H cha x Khe Lng l 1 thung lng thp, cch nh my khong 2km v

pha ng Bc.Ba x Khe Lng c a vo s dng t thang11nm1983 khi

nh my bt u sn xut. Trn thc t mi nm bi x Khe Lng tip nhn khong

260-300 nghn tn bn nc thi. Ti bi x qu trnh trm lng t nhin din ra,

bn x sau 1 vi ngy lng xung y h v phn nc lng theo mng rnh c

dc 5-100 chy xung khu vc t thp pha Nam ca bi thi vi lu lng t a2,3m3/s. n nay h Khe lng y bn x vi khi lng c tnh 2,6-3 triu

tn.

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H Bnh Giang: H cha x Bnh Giang c a vo s dng khi h cha

x Khe Lng ngng hot ng. Dung tch bi x Bnh Giang c th ln ti 3,72

triu m3.

2/ Ngun thi v cc hot ng pht trin Ngun thi

- NH my nhit in Ph Li s dng ~10.000 tn than cm/ngy lm

nhin liu t chnh.

- Lng tro ~ 785.400 tn/nm, lng x ~ 178.850 tn/nm.

Hot ng ti bi thi

- X than+tro+nc theo ng x trc tip vo 2 bi thi:Khe Lng+BnhGiang.

- Nc y x sau khi lng c quay vng tr li dng ln tip theo.

- Tro x c khai thc bi: Cng ty c phn Cao Cng H gia nh

+ Hot ng khai thc ca cng ty Cao Cng

Hot ng t thng 7-2006 vi hn 200 cng nhn v cn b nhn vin

Khai thc tro x 0,600 tn/ngy

Tro x c tuyn ni, sy kh, ng bao s dng lm ph gia cho vt liu

chng thm.

+ H gia nh

Mc ch: Tuyn tro x lm ph gia chng thm thay st

Nhin liu nung vi, un nu: Trn x than vi bn un nu. Trn x than

vi t dng nung vi vi t l 5:2. Trn x than vi vi t l 23:1.

3/ Cc hot ng nh hng

- Cht thi rn gm x than v tro, c vn chuy bng h thng thu lc

v 2 trm bm thi x. Sau khi pha long vi Nc t t l 1:9, hn hop c

bm than x cng sut 1.250m3/h y qua ng ng ln h x Khe Lng.

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- Nc lng trong h x c thu hi vo b cha v bm ngc v cng

ty s dng cho vic vn ti tro x. H x lm nhim v lu tr nc v x, va l

ni bm nc quay vng s dng v tiu thot, r r nc,

- X than trong h do cng ty t nhn khai thc vn chuy bng xe ti vngi dn a phng ly v lm vt liu xi mng, ong gch ( chng n v m),

cht ph gia ( cn qua x l tinh lc).

4/ Cc tc ng mi trng chnh

- Trm tch, cn tro x, du lng ng trong h lm nhim ton b ngun

nc mt ny.

- S nhim bn nc h do bi t cc bi t khai thc ven h v bi nn

ng.

- S nhim bn t do nc h r r thm vo v do vn chuyn x

- Xm pham ln t ai vng h cha v vng t, rng xung quanh lm a

im xy dng. tm thi, tng lng tch tr nc thi nh my.

- nhim khng kh nng do bi x pht tn trong qu trnh khai thc x t

h cha

- Ting n quanh khu vc khai thc trn h

- Bin dng cnh quan do tuyn ng vn ti, bi khai thc x v vng h

cha vn chuyn lin tc nc thi t nh my

- L t, tri t, xi mn t dc ng vn chuyn bao quanh h cha

- Ph hu thm thc vt v sinh vt bn a, gim a dng sinh hc khu vc,

tn thng h sinh thi vung h v vng ln cn

- Ph v cn bng nc mt t v tng nc ngm, bin i vi kh hu- Mi trng nhim to ni c tr pht trin cho cc loi bnh

- Lng dn vo vng h tiu thot nc khai thc x than lm tng

nhim mi trng khng kim sot c.

5/ Gii php gim thiu

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GingBm

- C k hoch xy dng h thng kim sot v khng ch nhim khng kh

- Trng cy khu vc bao quanh h

- Quy hoch sinh thi khng gian khu vc h m bo hi ho vi cnh quan

mi trng- K h hoc b tng ho nn dy h m bo khng thm nc thi t

h vo mi trng t xung quanh

- B tr, sp xp li cc tuyn khai thc vn chuy x

- Xy dng thm cc cng trnh tiu thot nc

- To cchnh lang ni v qua li khong cch thch hp vi v tr bi

thi

Dn

ma

B

tip

xc

O2

B

pHB

lngB

keot

B

kt

bng

41

B lc:

Antraxit

Ct Mn

Ct

Si

Bcha(Chancsch)

Trmbm

Bcha(Chancsch)

Trmbm


42/42

OxihoNH+

4

thnhNH

3

Cungcpnc

-Oxiho

Fe+2Fe3+TngpHbngvi

-TngpH

bngvi-Keot Febngphn.

-Ktbng

Fe vcc ionkhckt talng

-Lc Fe,Mn

-Lc CR llng-Hot hoct Mn.-Kh trng

-Chanc

schOxihoNH+

4

thnhNH

3

Cungcpnc

-Oxiho

Fe+2Fe3+TngpHbngvi

-Ktbng

Fe vcc ionkhckt talng

-Lc Fe,Mn

-Lc CR llng-Hot hoct Mn.-Kh trng

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