Thuc Tap Tot Nghiep

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.HCM

KHOA IN-IN T

B MN IN T-VIN THNG

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

NGNH CNG NGH IN T-VIN THNG

C quan thc tp: CNG TY Z755

TI BO CO:

THIT K NT CM NG IU KHIN THIT B

DNG AT89S52

GVHD: TS. PHAN VN CA

SVTH: NGUYN XUN LC

TRNG TN LC

NGUYN CHNH TM

TP.HCM 06/ 2015

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c Lp - T Do - Hnh Phc

------------------------------------

, ngy thng nm 201..

NHN XT KT QU THC TP TT NGHIP

Cng ty: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cn b hng dn: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

H v tn sinh vin (hoc nhm sinh vin) thc tp:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nhn xt:

- V mt chuyn cn: Tt Kh Trung bnh yu

- thc t chc k lut: Tt Kh Trung bnh yu

- Kh nng chuyn mn: Tt Kh Trung bnh yu

- Tnh sng to trong cng vic: Tt Kh Trung bnh yu

- Nhn xt khc.

nh gi chung:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Xp loi (Tt, Kh, Trung bnh, Yu): . . . . . . . . . .

Xc nhn ca cng ty Cn b hng dn thc tp

i Bo co thc tp tt nghip

LI CM N

Nhm thc tp xin ni li cm n n ban gim gim c cng ty Z755

nhn ti lm sinh vin thc tp ti cng ty. V cc anh ch trong trung tm to

iu kin thun li ti c tham gia cng nghin cu, qua cch lm vic anh ch

gip ti c c nhng kinh nghim qu bu cho cng vic ca ti sau ny.

ng thi ti cng gi li cm n n gio vin hng dn trng i

Hc S Phm k Thut TP.HCM l thy Phan Vn Ca, ngi cng vi nh

trng to iu kin ti c c hi i thc tp tt nghip, cng nh hng dn ti

cch thc trnh by v tin hnh cng tc thc tp. Ngoi ra ti cng xin cm n cc

bn trong nhm c nhng kin ng gp qu bu gip ti. V ti xin

chn thnh cm n tt c mi ngi gip ti trong sut qu trnh thc tp tt

nghip.

Tp.HCM, ngy 01 thng 06 nm 2015

Nhm sinh vin thc tp

ii Bo co thc tp tt nghip

MC LC

LI CM N ..................................................................................................................... i

MC LC .......................................................................................................................... ii

DANH MC HNH ............................................................................................................. iii

DANH MC BNG ........................................................................................................... iv

GII THIU CNG TY TNHH Thng tin in t Z755 ..................................................... 1

1- LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN .................................................................. 1

2- LNH VC HOT NG ........................................................................................... 3

3- TH TRNG. ........................................................................................................... 5

4- THIT B CNG NGH - O LNG. ...................................................................... 5

Chng 1: DN NHP ..................................................................................................... 6

1.1 L do chn ti ..................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Mc tiu ca ti ................................................................................................... 6

Chng 2: C S L THUYT ......................................................................................... 7

2.1 Vi x l 89S52 ......................................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Chc nng cc chn vi x l 89s52 ................................................................... 8

2.1.2 S lc v vng nh ca vi x l 89s52: ........................................................ 12

2.1.3 Trnh bin dch................................................................................................. 17

2.2 C bn v ghp ni v chun giao tip cng Com RS232 ..................................... 18

2.2.1 C bn v ghp ni v chun giao tip cng Com RS232............................... 18

2.2.2 Tng quan chun RS232 ................................................................................. 18

2.2.3 S ghp ni RS232 .................................................................................... 22

2.2.4 Phn mm giao tip ........................................................................................ 23

Chng 3:NI DUNG TI ......................................................................................... 24

3.1 S khi ............................................................................................................. 24

3.2 S nguyn l ..................................................................................................... 27

3.3 S mch in ....................................................................................................... 27

CHNG 4: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN ....................................................... 29

4.1 Kt lun ................................................................................................................. 29

4.2 Hng pht trin ................................................................................................... 29

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................... 30

iii Bo co thc tp tt nghip

DANH MC HNH

Hnh 2.1:Vi x l AT89S52 ......................................................................................... 8

Hnh 2.2: Mch t ng Reset .................................................................................. 11

Hnh 2.3: dao ng thch anh................................................................................... 11

Hnh 2.4: Vng nh AT89S52 ................................................................................... 12

Hnh 2.5: S chn DB 9 ....................................................................................... 20

Hnh 2.6: Mch giao tip RS 232 vi ngun 5v ........................................................ 23

Hnh 3.1: S khi ................................................................................................. 25

Hnh 3.2: S nguyn l ......................................................................................... 27

Hnh 3.3: S mch in............................................................................................ 28

iv Bo co thc tp tt nghip

DANH MC BNG

Bng 2.1: Chc nng ca h MSC-51 9

Bng 2.2: Bank thanh ghi 14

Bng 3.1: Data a ra quyt nh cho trng thi cc LED 26

1 Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Gii thiu cng ty Thng tin in t Z755

GII THIU CNG TY TNHH Thng tin in t Z755

1- LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN

Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Thng tin in t Z755 l doanh nghip Quc

phng thuc Binh chng Thng tin Lin lc-B Quc phng, c Nh nc u t

100% vn, hot ng theo Lut Doanh nghip v iu l ca Cng ty do B Quc

Phng ph duyt.

- Tn gi y : Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Thng tin in t Z755 B

Quc Phng.

- Tn gi tt Ting Vit: Cng ty Thng tin in t Z755

- Tn Ting Anh: Z755 Electronic Communication One Member Limited Liability

Company.

- Tn gi tt Ting Anh: Z755 Electronic Communication Co.,Ltd.

- Tn giao dch: ZECOM

- Tr s chnh ti: S 2A Phan Vn Tr - Phng 10 Qun G Vp thnh ph

H Ch Minh.

- in thoi: (84-8) 38945882 069.651139

- Fax: (84-8) 38945882

- Website: www.Z755.com.vn

- Email: [email protected]

[email protected]

Cng ty c i ng cn b - cng nhn vin Quc Phng, lao ng hp ng c

trnh khoa hc k thut cao, cng nhn lnh ngh, nhiu CBCNV tt nghip i

hc, sau i hc.



Ta lc trn 2 mt ng: Nguyn Oanh v Phan Vn Tr thuc Phng 10, Qun

G Vp, Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Cng ty Thng tin in t Z755 c xy dng

vi tng din tch khun vin l trn 70.000m2. .

* Nhim v: nghin cu, sa cha sn xut trang thit b phc v quc phng v

sn phm-dch v kinh t dn sinh.

* Logo ca Z755:

M t logo Z755: Ch 755 nm chnh gia Ngi sao 5 cnh vi vin mu , gc

phn nm th nht v th t c 2 ch Z - biu tng ca tn hiu thng tin. Tt c

khi c bao bc bi mt vng trn m..

* Mt s hnh nh v Cng ty Thng tin in t Z755

Khu nh K Thut Z755 Gc khng gian m Z755



Dy nh xng Dy nh xng

2- LNH VC HOT NG

* Lnh vc hot ng ca Cng ty Thng tin in t Z755.

Cc ngnh ngh sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty Thng tin in t Z755

bao gm:

- Sn xut cc sn phm khc t plastic.

- Sn xut cc cu kin kim loi.

- Gia cng c kh, X l v trng ph kim loi.

- Sn xut thit b truyn thng.

- Sn xut thit b in t dn dng.

- Sn xut thit b o lng, kim tra, nh hng v iu khin.

- Sn xut in dn dng.

- Sn xut thit b in khc.

- Sn xut my nng nghip v lm nghip.

- Sn xut ph tng v b phn ph tr cho xe c ng c.

- Sn xut thit b, dng c y t.

- Sa cha thit b in t v quang hc.

- Sa cha thit b in.

- Lp t h thng in.

- Bn bun dng c y t.



- Bn bun thit b v linh kin in t, vin thng.

- Bn bun my mc, thit b ngoi vi, phn mm v thit b vin thng.

- Bn l thit b nghe nhn trong cc ca hng chuyn doanh.

- Hot ng thit k chuyn dng.

- Dch v h tr gio dc.

- Sa cha thit b lin lc.

Cc ngnh ngh dch v ca Cng ty Thng Tin in T Z755 bao gm:

- Dch v m ng, m bc trn dy chuyn cng ngh cao cho cc chi tit my cao

cp, cc sn phm trang sc, dng m bc, trang tr cao cp...

- Gia cng c kh thng, t in, ct anten, cc chi tit c kh chnh xc

- Gia cng lp rp cc thit b in t, lp rp bng mch in t trn dy chuyn

SMT hin i ca Thy s.

- Nhn thit k mch bng mch in PCB xut ra cc nh dng file phc v gia

cng theo yu cu.

- Thit k, trin khai cc h thng in t ng ha.

- Sa cha, quy chun my o lng in, in t

- Sa cha, bo hnh, bo tr cc loi my thng tin, b m, thit b in t

chuyn dng...

Z755 khng ch sn xut cc sn phm c th ca Qun i, m cn sn

xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm, mt hng kinh t phc v i sng. Cng ty c

i ng nghin cu vi nhiu chuyn gia cao cp, i ng k thut vin tr, nng

ng, sng to, kt hp vi cc i tc mnh; trang thit b nghin cu, dy

chuyn sn xut hin i, sn phm ca Z755 c kim sot cht lng cht tr

ti tng linh kin u vo v tng sn phm u ra theo tiu chun qun l cht

lng ISO 9001:2008 v cc quy nh ca Qun i. Do cc sn phm to ra

u bo m cht lng v mang tnh cng ng cao, c khch hng tn nhim

trong nhiu nm qua.



Cc sn phm Kinh t bao gm cc thit b phc v i sng dn sinh, y t,

nng nghip:

- My kh c thc phm OZONE Z755.

- My ION cc loi (My tnh in ION, My cn bng ION , My cn bng ION

a chc nng).

- Thit b bo r r kh ga.

- B i in.

- My cun rm.

- My bc rm.

- My th nhit , mi trng.

- My rung xc.

Bn cnh vic nghin cu, ch to, sn xut, th Z755 cn lm dch v,

sa cha, bo tr cc sn phm in t, c kh, t ng ha, sn tnh in, sn

dugia cng cc chi tit c kh, khun mu.

3- TH TRNG.

Cc sn phm Kinh t ca Cng ty hin c mt trong v ngoi nc nh:

M, c, i Loan, Lo, Campuchia, Thi Lan...

4- THIT B CNG NGH - O LNG.

Nhm khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm, ch to, sn xut ra cc

sn phm tt nht, th trong nhng nm va qua, Z755 u t cc trang thit

b hin i vi cng ngh tin tin. Trn 95% cc thit b o lng dng cho

nghin cu ch th, sn xut v kim tra cht lng sn phm nh vic s dng

cc thit b o ti tn ca hng my o ln nht th gii Agilent(M).


Chng 1: Dn nhp

Chng 1: DN NHP

1.1 L do chn ti

Vi xu hng hin nay, vic iu khin thit b khng ch dng li vic

bm nt m c thng qua rt nhiu giao thc khc nhau nh giao tip M2M,

H2M qua cc kt ni: serial port, Bluetooth, wifi ... Vi vic ra i ca k thut

cm ng in dung th giao tip cng tr nn thun tin hn. Vi s pht trin

khng ngng ca cc ngnh khoa hc k thut nhm p ng ngy cng a dng v

phong ph cho i sng con ngi, vic nghin cu v pht trin cc sn phm iu

khin t ng thay th sc lao ng ca con ngi l mt nhim v rt cn thit.

Vic gim st v iu khin cc thit b bng my tnh thng qua chun

RS232 em li li ch to ln cho s pht trin ca x hi, tit kim thi gian, sc

lao ng v mang li hiu qu kinh t ln.

T nhm gp phn mang li s tin nghi cho cuc sng, nhm quyt nh

chn ti iu khin thit b bng my tnh.

T xu hng , nhm thc hin chn ti giao tip vi x l vi my tnh

thc hin cho kho thc tp ny. ng thi nghin cu v cng ngh M-touch

giao tip gia vi x l v my tnh.

Thng qua nghin cu vi x l, nhm s xy dng mt chng trnh iu

khin tt bt thit b kt ni vi vi x l, ng thi nhn trng thi cc thit b khi

c iu khin bi nt nhn trn vi x l.

Trong qu trnh nghin cu v thc hin c nhiu thiu xt, mong c gp

v chnh sa hon thin ti.

1.2 Mc tiu ca ti

ti thc hin da trn vi x l 89S52 iu khin 8 LED kt ni vi my

tnh qua giao thc UART v cng COM. My tnh giao tip vi vi x l thng qua

giao din iu khin 8 LED. ng thi vi x l cng c kt ni vi cng tc

cm ng iu khin trc tip 8 LED v gi trng thi ny cho my tnh.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

Chng 2: C S L THUYT

2.1 Vi x l 89S52

- AT89S52 l mt vi iu khin 8 bit do ATMEL sn xut, ch to theo cng ngh

CMOS, c cht lng cao, cng sut thp vi 8 KB Flash (flash programmable and

erasable read only memory). Thit b ny c ch to bng cch s dng k thut

b nh khng bc hi mt cao ca ATMEL v tng thch vi chun cng

nghip MCS-51TM v tp lnh v cc chn ra. Flash on-chip cho php b nh lp

trnh c lp trnh trong h thng bi mt lp trnh vin bnh thng. Bng cch

ni 1 CPU 8 bit vi mt Flash trn mt chip n, AT89S52 l mt vi iu khin

mnh (c cng sut ln), cung cp mt s linh ng cao v gii php v gi c i

vi nhiu ng dng vi iu khin.

- Cc c im ch yu ca AT89S52:

+ Tng thch hon ton vi h MCS-51TM ca Intel.

+ B nh chng trnh 8K Byte thuc loi Flash Memory.

+ bn: 1000 ln ghi/xa.

+ Tn s hot ng: 0 Hz n 24 MHz.

+ 3 ch kho b nh.

+ 256 x 8-Bit RAM ni.

+ 32 ng I/O lp trnh c (4 port).

+ 3 timer/counter 16-bit.

+ 8 ngun ngt.

+ Ch h ngun v ch li tiu tn cng sut thp.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

Hnh 2.1:Vi x l AT89S52

2.1.1 Chc nng cc chn vi x l 89s52

- Vcc: ni ngun 5Vdc.

- GND: ni t.

- Port 0:

+ L mt port I/O 8-bit hai chiu, cc mng h. Khi xut ra, mi chn port

c th li 8 u vo TTL. Nu ghi cc mc 1 ra cc chn port th cc chn ny c

th dng nh cc u vo tr khng cao.

+ Port 0 cng c th c cu hnh thnh mt bus multiplex gia a ch thp

v d liu khi truy cp chng trnh hay d liu t bn ngoi. Trong ch ny,

port 0 c in tr pullup ni.

+ Port 0 cng nhn cc byte m chng trnh khi lp trnh Flash v xut ra

m chng trnh khi kim tra, khi cn c in tr pullup bn ngoi.

- Port 1:

+ L mt port I/O 8-bit hai chiu c pullup ni. u ra port 1 c th li 4 u

vo TTL. Khi vit cc mc 1 ra cc chn port th chng c ko ln do c in tr

ni v c th dng lm u vo. Khi vai tr l cng nhp, nhng chn ca port 1 b

ko xung thp s dng v c ni tr ko ln.

+ Hn na, P1.0 v P1.1 c th c dng nh l u vo b m

timer/counter 2 bn ngoi (P1.0/T2) v xung kch (P1.1/T2EX).

+ Port 1 cng nhn nhng byte a ch thp trong khi lp trnh Flash v trong

khi kim tra Flash.

- Port 2:






Chng 2: C s l thuyt

+ Port 2 pht byte a ch cao trong khi nhn lnh t b nh chng trnh

ngoi v trong lc truy xut n b nh d liu ngoi m c s dng a ch 16 bit

(MOVX A, @DPTR). Trong ng dng ny n dng in tr ni ko ln mnh khi

xut 1. Khi truy xut b nh d liu ngoi dng a ch 8 bit, port 2 s pht ni dung

ca thanh ghi P2

+ Port 2 cng nhn byte a ch cao trong lc lp trnh Flash v trong lc

kim tra Flash.

- Port 3:





+ Port 3 cng c nhng chc nng ca h MSC-51 c lit k bng sau:

Bng 2.1: Chc nng ca h MSC-51

+ Port 3 cng nhn vi tn hiu iu khin trong lc lp trnh Flash v trong

lc kim tra Flash.

- RST: l ng vo Reset. Khi ng ny c a ln cao (trong t nht hai chu k

my), cc thanh ghi bn trong AT89S52 c ti nhng gi tr thch hp khi

ng h thng.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

- ALE/PROG (Address Latch Enable):

+ ALE l xung xut cho php cht byte a ch thp khi truy cp b nh

ngoi. Chn ny cn l ng vo ca xung lp trnh (PROG) khi lp trnh Flash.

+ Trong hot ng bnh thng, ALE c pht xung vi tn s 1/6 tn s

dao ng on-chip v c th c dng nh xung thi gian chun bn ngoi. Tuy

nhin, cn ch l mt xung ALE s b mt khi truy cp b nh ngoi.

+ C th hy b chc nng ca ALE bng cch set bit 0 ca thanh ghi v tr

8EH. Mt khi bit ny c set, ALE ch tch cc khi c lnh MOVX hoc MOVC.

Nu khng c cc lnh ny th ALE mc cao. Vic set bit 0 ca thanh ghi v tr

8EH khng lm nh hng n vi iu khin khi truy cp b nh ngoi.

- Ng tn hiu PSEN (Program store enable):

+ PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh

chng trnh m rng thng c ni n chn 0E\ (output enable) ca EPROM

cho php c cc byte m lnh.

+ PSEN mc thp trong thi gian Microcontroller 89S52 ly lnh. Cc m

lnh ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh

ghi lnh bn trong 89S52 gii m lnh. Khi 89S52 thi hnh chng trnh trong

ROM ni PSEN s mc logic 1.

- Ng tn hiu EA (External Access):

+ Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mcb0. Nu

mc 1, 89S52 thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni trong khong a ch thp 8

Kbyte. Nu mc 0, 89S52 s thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA

c ly lm chn cp ngun 21V khi lp trnh cho EPROM trong 89S52

-Ng tn hiu RST (Reset):

+ Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset ca 89S52. Khi ng vo tn hiu

ny a ln cao t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng

gi tr thch hp khi ng h thng. Khi cp in mch t ng Reset.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

Hnh 2.2: Mch t ng Reset

- Cc ng vo b dao ng X1, X2:

+ B dao ng c tch hp bn trong 89S52, khi s dng 89S52 ngi

thit k ch cn kt ni thm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s nguyn l.

Tn s thch anh thng s dng cho 89S52 l 12 MHz.

Hnh 2.3: dao ng thch anh


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

2.1.2 S lc v vng nh ca vi x l 89s52:

Hnh 2.4: Vng nh AT89S52

- RAM a dng:

+ Mc d trn hnh v cho thy 80 byte a dng chim cc a ch t 30H

n 7FH, 32 byte di t 00H n 1FH cng c th dng vi mc ch tng t

(mc d cc a ch ny c mc ch khc).

+ Mi a ch trong vng RAM a dng u c th truy xut t do dng kiu

a ch trc tip hoc gin tip.

- RAM c th truy xut tng bit:

+ 89S52 cha 210 bit c a ch ha, trong c 128 bit c cha cc byte

c cha cc a ch t 20F n 2FH v cc bit cn li cha trong nhm thanh ghi c

chc nng c bit.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

+ tng truy xut tng bit bng phn mm l cc c tnh mnh ca

microcontroller x l chung. Cc bit c th c t, xa, AND, OR, vi 1 lnh

n. a s cc microcontroller x l i hi mt chui lnh c sa - ghi t

c mc ch tng t. Ngoi ra cc port cng c th truy xut c tng bit.

+ 128 bit truy xut tng bit ny cng c th truy xut nh cc byte hoc nh

cc bit ph thuc vo lnh c dng.

- Cc bank thanh ghi:

+ 32 byte thp ca b nh ni c dnh cho cc bank thanh ghi. B lnh

89S52 h tr 8 thanh ghi c tn l R0 n R7 v theo mc nh sau khi reset h

thng, cc thanh ghi ny c cc a ch t 00H n 07H.

+ Cc lnh dng cc thanh ghi RO n R7 s ngn hn v nhanh hn so vi

cc lnh c chc nng tng ng dng kiu a ch trc tip. Cc d liu c dng

thng xuyn nn dng mt trong cc thanh ghi ny.

+ Do c 4 bank thanh ghi nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bank thanh ghi

c truy xut bi cc thanh ghi RO n R7 chuyn i vic truy xut cc bank

thanh ghi ta phi thay i cc bit chn bank trong thanh ghi trng thi.

- Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit:

+ Cc thanh ghi ni ca 89S52 c truy xut ngm nh bi b lnh.

+ Cc thanh ghi trong 89S52 c nh dng nh mt phn ca RAM trn

chip v vy mi thanh ghi s c mt a ch (ngoi tr thanh ghi b m chng

trnh v thanh ghi lnh v cc thanh ghi ny him khi b tc ng trc tip). Cng

nh R0 n R7, 89S52 c 21 thanh ghi c chc nng c bit (SFR: Special

Function Register) vng trn ca RAM ni t a ch 80H n FFH. Ch : tt c

128 a ch t 80H n FFH khng c nh ngha, ch c 21 thanh ghi c chc

nng c bit c nh ngha sn cc a ch.

+ Ngoi tr thanh ghi A c th c truy xut ngm nh ni, a s cc

thanh ghi c chc nng c bit SFR c th a ch ha tng bit hoc byte. - Thanh

ghi trng thi chng trnh (PSW: Program Status Word):


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

+ C Carry CY (Carry Flag): C nh c tc dng kp. Thng thng n

c dng cho cc lnh ton hc: C=1 nu php ton cng c s trn hoc php tr

c mn v ngc li C= 0 nu php ton cng khng trn v php tr khng c

mn.

+ C Carry ph AC (Auxiliary Carry Flag): Khi cng nhng gi tr BCD

(Binary Code Decimal), c nh ph AC c set nu kt qu 4 bit thp nm trong

phm vi iu khin 0AH 0FH. Ngc li AC= 0.

+ C 0 (Flag 0): C 0 (F0) l 1 bit c a dng dng cho cc ng dng ca

ngi dng.

+ Nhng bit chn bank thanh ghi truy xut: RS1 v RS0 quyt nh dy

thanh ghi tch cc. Chng c xa sau khi reset h thng v c thay i bi

phn mm khi cn thit. Ty theo RS1, RS0 = 00, 01, 10, 11 s c chn Bank

tch cc tng ng l Bank 0, Bank1, Bank2, Bank3.

Bng 2.2: Bank thanh ghi

+ C trn OV (Over Flag): C trn c set sau mt hot ng cng hoc tr

nu c s trn ton hc. Khi cc s c du c cng hoc tr vi nhau, phn mm

c th kim tra bit ny xc nh xem kt qu c nm trong tm xc nh khng.

Khi cc s khng c du c cng bit OV c b qua. Cc kt qu ln hn +127

hoc nh hn 128 th bit OV = 1.

+ Bit Parity (P): Bit t ng c set hay Clear mi chu k my lp

Parity chn vi thanh ghi A. S m cc bit 1 trong thanh ghi A cng vi bit Parity

lun lun chn. V d A cha 10101101B th bit P set ln mt tng s bit 1 trong

A v P to thnh s chn. Bit Parity thng c dng trong s kt hp vi nhng


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

th tc ca Port ni tip to ra bit Parity trc khi pht i hoc kim tra bit Parity

sau khi thu.

- Thanh ghi B:

+Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dng cng vi thanh ghi A cho cc php

ton nhn chia. Lnh MUL AB s nhn nhng gi tr khng du 8 bit trong hai

thanh ghi A v B, ri tr v kt qu 16 bit trong A (byte cao) v B(byte thp). Lnh

DIV AB ly A chia B, kt qu nguyn t vo A, s d t vo B.

+Thanh ghi B c th c dng nh mt thanh ghi m trung gian a mc

ch. N l nhng bit nh v thng qua nhng a ch t F0H F7H.

- Con tr Ngn xp SP (Stack Pointer):

+ Con tr ngn xp l mt thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H. N cha a ch ca

byte d liu hin hnh trn nh ngn xp. Cc lnh trn ngn xp bao gm cc lnh

ct d liu vo ngn xp (PUSH) v ly d liu ra khi Ngn xp (POP). Lnh ct

d liu vo ngn xp s lm tng SP trc khi ghi d liu v lnh ly ra khi ngn

xp s lm gim SP. Ngn xp ca 89S52 c gi trong RAM ni v gii hn cc

a ch c th truy xut bng a ch gin tip, chng l 128 byte u ca 8951.

+ khi ng SP vi ngn xp bt u ti a ch 60H, cc lnh sau y

c dng: MOV SP, #5F

+ Vi lnh trn th ngn xp ca 89S52 ch c 32 byte v a ch cao nht ca

RAM trn chip l 7FH. S d gi tr 5FH c np vo SP v SP tng ln 60H trc

khi ct byte d liu.

+ Khi Reset 89S52, SP s mang gi tr mc nh l 07H v d liu u tin s

c ct vo nh ngn xp c a ch 08H. Nu phn mm ng dng khng khi

ng SP mt gi tr mi th bank thanh ghi1 c th c 2 v 3 s khng dng c v

vng RAM ny c dng lm ngn xp. Ngn xp c truy xut trc tip

bng cc lnh PUSH v POP lu tr tm thi v ly li d liu, hoc truy xut

ngm bng lnh gi chng trnh con (ACALL, LCALL) v cc lnh tr v (RET,

RETI) lu tr gi tr ca b m chng trnh khi bt u thc hin chng trnh

con v ly li khi kt thc chng trnh con


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

- Con tr d liu DPTR (Data Pointer):

+ Con tr d liu (DPTR) c dng truy xut b nh ngoi l mt thanh

ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL: byte thp) v 83H (DPH: byte cao). Ba lnh sau s

ghi 55H vo RAM ngoi a ch 1000H: MOV A, #55H MOV DPTR, #1000H

MOV @DPTR, A

+ Lnh u tin dng np 55H vo thanh ghi A. Lnh th hai dng np

a ch ca nh cn lu gi tr 55H vo con tr d liu DPTR. Lnh th ba s di

chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A (l 55H) vo nh RAM bn ngoi c a ch cha

trong DPTR (l 1000H).

- Cc thanh ghi Port (Port Register):

+Cc Port ca 89S52 bao gm Port0 a ch 80H, Port1 a ch 90H,

Port2 a ch A0H, v Port3 a ch B0H. Tt c cc Port ny u c th truy

xut tng bit nn rt thun tin trong kh nng giao tip.

- Cc thanh ghi Timer (Timer Register):

+ 89S52 c cha hai b nh thi/ b m 16 bit c dng cho vic nh

thi c m s kin. Timer0 a ch 8AH (TLO: byte thp) v 8CH (THO: byte

cao). Timer1 a ch 8BH (TL1: byte thp) v 8DH (TH1: byte cao). Vic khi

ng timer c SET bi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H v thanh ghi iu

khin Timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch c TCON c a ch ha tng bit.

- Cc thanh ghi Port ni tip (Serial Port Register):

+ 89S52 cha mt Port ni tip cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc thit b

ni tip nh my tnh, modem hoc giao tip ni tip vi cc IC khc. Mt thanh

ghi m d liu ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H s gi c hai d liu truyn v d

liu nhp. Khi truyn d liu ghi ln SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc

mode vn khc nhau c lp trnh qua thanh ghi iu khin Port ni tip (SCON)

c a ch ha tng bit a ch 98H.

- Cc thanh ghi ngt (Interrupt Register):


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

+ 89S52 c cu trc 5 ngun ngt, 2 mc u tin. Cc ngt b cm sau khi b

reset h thng v s c cho php bng vic ghi thanh ghi cho php ngt (IE) a

ch A8H. C hai c a ch ha tng bit.

- Thanh ghi iu khin ngun PCON (Power Control Register):

+ Thanh ghi PCON khng c bit nh v. N a ch 87H cha nhiu bit

iu khin. Thanh ghi PCON c tm tt nh sau:

Bit 7 (SMOD): Bit c tc Baud mode 1, 2, 3 Port ni tip khi set.

Bit 6, 5, 4: Khng c a ch.

Bit 3 (GF1): Bit c a nng 1.

Bit 2 (GF0): Bit c a nng 2.

Bit 1 (PD): Set khi ng mode Power Down v thot reset.

Bit 0 (IDL): Set khi ng mode idle v thot khi ngt mch hoc reset.

+ Cc bit iu khin Power Down v Idle c tc dng chnh trong tt c cc

IC h MSC-51 nhng ch c thi hnh trong s bin dch ca CMOS.

2.1.3 Trnh bin dch

thc hin lp trnh cho vi x l nhm thc hin chn trnh bin dch

MikroC for 8051 ca hang MikroChip. Bi cc l do sau:

+ Trnh bin dch MikroC for 8051 bn demo cho php lp trnh 25% dung

lng b nh, thc hin theo mc tiu ca ti.

+ Trnh bin dch MikroC for 8051 h tr cc th vin phn cng cng nh

th vin phn mm thch hp vi tng loi vi iu khin, tin dng cho ngi lp

trnh. Ngi lp trnh ch cn khai bo theo th vin m khng cn khai bo chnh

xc thanh ghi chc nng.

+ Ngoi giao din d s dng, MikroC for 8051 cn tch hp c trnh tin

on thun li cho ngi lp trnh khi s dng cc hm c tn di. Ngoi ra MikroC

for 8051 cn xy dng sn cc ng dng tin ch nh Character Map, LCD tool,


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

7Segment hay Quick Convert ngi lp trnh nhanh chng quy i cc h ch

s, bng m 7 on, m LCD, m ASCII m khng cn ng dng th 3.

+ Cng nh mt s trnh bin dch khc, Mikro C cng tch hp trnh ghi

chng trnh xung vi iu khin.

2.2 C bn v ghp ni v chun giao tip cng Com RS232

2.2.1 C bn v ghp ni v chun giao tip cng Com RS232

Ngy nay cc thit b o lng, iu khin ... u phi giao tip vi my tnh

quan st thng s v ch hot ng ca thit b. Chun giao tip c coi l

n gin v d dng l cng RS232. Hu nh cc thit b u c giao tip vi

my tnh thng qua chun ny. Bi vit ny s ni v c bn chun giao tip RS232:

Tng quan chung v RS232, S ghp ni, Giao din phn mm.

2.2.2 Tng quan chun RS232

Vn giao tip gia PC v vi iu khin rt quan trng trong cc ng dng

iu khin, o lng... Ghp ni qua cng ni tip RS232 l mt trong nhng k

thut c s dng rng ri ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh. N l

mt chun giao tip ni tip dng nh dng khng ng b, kt ni nhiu nht l 2

thit b , chiu di kt ni ln nht cho php m bo d liu l 12.5 n 25.4m,

tc 20kbit/s i khi l tc 115kbit/s vi mt s thit b c bit. ngha ca

chun truyn thng ni tip ngha l trong mt thi im ch c mt bit c gi i

dc theo ng truyn.

C hai phin bn RS232 c lu hnh trong thi gian tng i di l

RS232B v RS232C. Nhng cho n nay th phin bn RS232B c th t c dng

cn RS232C hin vn c dng v tn ti thng c gi l tn ngn gn l

chun RS232.

Cc my tnh thng c 1 hoc 2 cng ni tip theo chun RS232C c gi

l cng Com. Chng c dng ghp ni cho chut, modem, thit b o

lng...Trn main my tnh c loi 9 chn hoc li 25 chn ty vo i my v

main ca my tnh. Vic thit k giao tip vi cng RS232 cng tng i d dng,

c bit khi chn ch hot ng l khng ng b v tc truyn d liu thp.


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

u im ca giao din ni tip RS232

+ Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao

+ Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in

+ Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng ni tip.

Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232

+ Trong chun RS232 c mc gii hn trn v di (logic 0 v 1) l +-12V.Hin

nay ang c c nh tr khng ti trong phm vi t 3000 m - 7000 m.

+ Mc logic 1 c in p nm trong khong -3V n -12V, mc logic 0 t +-3V n

12V.

+ Tc truyn nhn d liu cc i l 100kbps ( ngy nay c th ln hn).

+ Cc li vo phi c in dung nh hn 2500pF.

+ Tr khng ti phi ln hn 3000 m nhng phi nh hn 7000 m.

+ di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi ghp ni qua cng ni tip

RS232 khng vt qua 15m nu chng ta khng s model.

+ Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun :

50,75,110,750,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,19200,28800,38400....56600, 115200

bps

Cc mc in p ng truyn:

RS 232 s dng phng thc truyn thng khng i xng, tc l s dng tn

hiu in p chnh lch gia mt dy dn v t. Do ngay t u tin ra i n

mang v li thi ca chun TTL, n vn s dng cc mc in p tng thch

TTL m t cc mc logic 0 v 1. Ngoi mc in p tiu chun cng c nh cc

gi tr tr khng ti c u vo bus ca b phn v cc tr khng ra ca b pht.

Mc in p ca tiu chun RS232C (chun thng dng by gi) c m t nh

sau:

+ Mc logic 0: +3V, +12V

+ Mc logic 1: -12V, -3V

Cc mc in p trong phm VI t -3V n 3V l trng thi chuyn tuyn.

Chnh v t - 3V ti 3V l phm vi khng c nh ngha, trong trng hp thay


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

i gi tr logic t thp ln cao hoc t cao xung thp, mt tn hiu phi vt qua

qung qu trong mt thi gian ngn hp l. iu ny dn n vic phi hn ch

v in dung ca cc thit b tham gia v ca c ng truyn. Tc truyn dn

ti a ph thuc vo chiu di ca dy dn. a s cc h thng hin nay ch h tr

vi tc 19.2 kBd.

Cng RS232 (serial port):

Hu ht cc my tnh c nhn hin nay u c trang b t nht l 1 cng

Com hay cng ni tip RS232. S lng cng Com c th ln ti 4 ty tng loi

main my tnh. Khi cc cng Com c nh du l Com 1, Com 2, Com

3...Trn c 2 loi u ni c s dng cho cng ni tip RS232 loi 9 chn

(DB9) hoc 25 chn (DB25). Tuy hai loi u ni ny c cng song song nhng hai

loi u ni ny c phn bit bi cng c (DB9) v cng ci (DB25)

Ta xt s chn cng Com 9 chn:

Hnh 2.5: S chn DB 9

Trn l cc k hiu chn v hnh dng ca cng DB9

Chc nng ca cc chn nh sau:

+ chn 1 : Data Carrier Detect (DCD) : Pht tn hiu mang d liu

+ chn 2: Receive Data (RxD) : Nhn d liu

+ chn 3 : Transmit Data (TxD) : Truyn d liu

+ chn 4 : Data Terminal Ready (DTR) : u cui d liu sn sng c kch hot

bi b phn khi mun truyn d liu


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

+ chn 5 : Signal Ground ( SG) : Mass ca tn hiu

+ chn 6 : Data Set Ready (DSR) : D liu sn sng, c kch hot bi b truyn

khi n sn sng nhn d liu

+ chn 7 : Request to Send : yu cu gi,b truyn t ng ny ln mc hot

ng khi sn sng truyn d liu

+ chn 8 : Clear To Send (CTS) : Xa gi ,b nhn t ng ny ln mc kch

hot ng thng bo cho b truyn l n sn sng nhn tn hiu

+ chn 9 : Ring Indicate (RI) : Bo chung cho bit l b nhn ang nhn tn hiu

rung chung

Cn DB28 by gi hu ht cc main mi ra u khng c cng ny na. Nn ti

khng cp n y.

Qu trnh d liu

a) Qu trnh truyn d liu:

Truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 c thc hin khng ng b. Do vy

nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bit c truyn (1 k t). B truyn gi mt bit bt

u (bit start) thng bo cho b nhn bit mt k t s c gi n trong ln

truyn bit tip the. Bit ny lun bt u bng mc 0... Tip theo l cc bit d liu

(bits data) c gi di dng m ASCII( c th l 5,6,7 hay 8 bit d liu) Sau

l mt Parity bit ( Kim tra bit chn, l hay khng) v cui cng l bit dng - bit

stop c th l 1, 1,5 hay 2 bit dng.

b) Tc Baud:

y l mt tham s c trng ca RS232. Tham s ny chnh l c trng cho

qu trnh truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 l tc truyn nhn d liu hay

cn gi l tc bit. Tc bit c nh ngha l s bit truyn c trong thi

gian 1 giy hay s bit truyn c trong thi gian 1 giy. Tc bit ny phi c

thit lp bn pht v bn nhn u phi c tc nh nhau (Tc gia vi iu

khin v my tnh phi chung nhau 1 tc truyn bit)


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

Ngoi tc bit cn mt tham s m t tc truyn l tc Baud. Tc

Baud lin quan n tc m phn t m ha d liu c s dng din t bit

c truyn cn tc bit th phn nh tc thc t m cc bit c truyn. V

mt phn t bo hiu s m ha mt bit nn khi hai tc bit v tc baud l

phi ng nht

Mt s tc Baud thng dng: 50, 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,

9600, 19200, 28800, 38400, 56000, 115200 Trong thit b h thng dng tc

l 19200.

Khi s dng chun ni tip Cp cng Com RS232 th yu cu khi s dng

chun l thi gian chuyn mc logic khng vt qu 4% thi gian truyn 1 bit. Do

vy, nu tc bit cng cao th thi gian truyn 1 bit cng nh th thi gian chuyn

mc logic cng phi nh. iu ny lm gii hn tc Baud v khong cch truyn.

c) Bit chn l hay Parity bit

y l bit kim tra li trn ng truyn. Thc cht ca qu trnh kim tra li

khi truyn d liu l b xung thm d liu c truyn tm ra hoc sa mt s li

trong qu trnh truyn. Do trong chun RS232 s dng mt k thut kim tra

chn l.

Mt bit chn l c b sung vo d liu c truyn cho thy s lng cc

bit "1" c gi trong mt khung truyn l chn hay l. Mt Parity bit ch c th tm

ra mt s l cc li chng hn nh 1, 3, 5, 7, 9... Nu nh mt bit chn c mc li

th Parity bit s trng gi tr vi trng hp khng mc li v th khng pht hin ra

li. Do trong k thut m ha li ny khng c s dng trong trng hp c

kh nng mt vi bit b mc li.

2.2.3 S ghp ni RS232

C rt nhiu mch giao tip ca RS232 gia vi iu khin hay cc thit b khc.

Di y l nhng mch giao tip thng c dng.

Mch chun giao RS232 dng IC Max232

-Max232 l IC chuyn dng cho giao tip gia RS232 v thit b ngoi vi.

Max232 l IC ca hng Maxim. y l IC chy n nh v c s dng ph bin

trong cc mch giao tip chun RS232. Gi thnh ca Max232 ph hp (12K hay


Chng 2: C s l thuyt

10K) v tch hp trong hai knh truyn cho chun RS232. Dng tn hiu c

thit k cho chun RS232. Mi u truyn ra v cng nhn tn hiu u c bo v

chng li s phng tnh in (hnh nh l 15KV). Ngoi ra Max232 cn c thit

k vi ngun +5V cung cp ngun cng sut nh.

Mch giao tip nh sau:

Hnh 2.6: Mch giao tip RS 232 vi ngun 5v

2.2.4 Phn mm giao tip

Giao tip chun gia RS232 v vi iu khin phi thng qua phn mn giao

din nhn bit c d liu truyn ln v nhn xung nh th no. Hin ti c rt

nhiu cch lp trnh giao tip cho RS232 vi vi x l.


Chng 3: Ni dung ti

Chng 3:NI DUNG TI

3.1 S khi


Chng 3: Ni dung ti

Hnh 3.1: S khi

Gii thch s khi

Khi vi x l khi ng, cc gi tr s c thit lp vi gi tr mc nh. Khai bo v thit lp thng s ca giao tip UART, nh ngha cc ng xut nhp d liu.

Trong vng lp v hn, nu vi x l sn sng nhn d liu th truyn d liu t my tnh xung v lu vo bin Data.

Xt gi tr bin Data a ra quyt nh cho trng thi cc LED.

Gi tr Trng thi Trng thi

65 0 LED 1 sng


Chng 3: Ni dung ti

66 0 LED 2 sng

67 0 LED 3 sng

68 0 LED 4 sng

69 0 LED 5 sng

70 0 LED 6 sng

71 0 LED 7 sng

72 0 LED 8 sng

73 1 Tt ht

74 2 Sng ht

75 3 Dch tri

76 4 Dch phi

77 5 Xoay vng tri

78 6 Xoay vng phi

79 7 Nhp nhy

Bng 3.1: Data a ra quyt nh cho trng thi cc LED

Kim tra nt nhn, nu nt nhn c kch hot th thay i trng thi sng trng thi tip, v g d liu v my tnh. Giao din my tnh thay i theo trng

thi mi cp nht.


Chng 3: Ni dung ti

3.2 S nguyn l

Hnh 3.2: S nguyn l

S ngun l bao gm:

+Khi ngun

+Khi x l

+Khi hin th

+Khi truyn nhn d liu

Khi ngun: Cung cp ngun cho mch lm vic. Ngun cung cp 5VDC.

Khi x l: Nhn d liu, x l d liu v thay i trng thi khi hin th.

ng thi nhn thng tin t nt nhn, v gi trng thi hin ti qua giao tip

UART. Khi ny gm Vi x l 89S52 v b dao ng thch anh 12MHz.

Khi hin th: Hin th trng thi c thit lp bi vi x l. Khi ny bao

gm cc LED, in tr ko ln v in tr hn dng.

Khi truyn nhn d liu: Truyn v nhn d liu ni tip gia vi x l v

my tnh. Khi ny bao gm Cng DB9, IC Max232 v cc t in. Hai transitor

c thit k nh 2 cng not o trng thi ng vo.

3.3 S mch in


Chng 3: Ni dung ti

Hnh 3.3: S mch in


Chng 4: Kt lun v hng pht trin

CHNG 4: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

4.1 Kt lun

+Hiu c cu to v chc nng ca AT89S52.

+Cu to chn ca DB9, cch truyn d liu.

+Do thiu linh kin cng vi qu trnh lm gp rt do nhm khng chun b k cng

nn kt qu khng tt.

4.2 Hng pht trin

+Xy ng mn hnh cm ng dng cho cc Smart phone,tablet,Laptop hin nay.


TI LIU THAM KHO http://www.pcbheaven.com/circuitpages/10_buttons_touch_pad_bcd_output/

http://www.hoiquandientu.vn

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