Tidbits vernon 201 nov 28 2014 skin and bones

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SKIN AND BONESby Kathy Wolfe

“Why, you’re just skin and bones!” you may have heard it said. While the human body is lots more than skin and bones, these two things account for a very large part. Follow along as Tidbits explores what holds us together.

“I’ve got you under my skin,” goes the old song. The skin is the largest of all the organs in the body, and makes up about 15% of the body’s weight. On the average adult body, it weighs about 6 lbs. (2.72 kg), with an area of about 20 square feet (1.86 sq. m). The av-erage individual has about 300 million skin cells. There are about 11 miles (17.7 km) of blood vessels in the body’s skin.

• One square inch (6.45 sq. cm) contains about 19 million cells, 90 oil glands, 65 hairs, and 625 sweat glands. There are 19 feet (5.8 m) of blood vessels and over 19,000 sensory cells in that square inch. Those sensory cells can detect an object as small as 1/100th of a millimeter.

• The skin is made up of three layers – the epi-dermis, which is the outer layer, the middle layer called the dermis, and the deepest layer called the subcutis. The epidermis is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, about 1.5 millimeter thick. The subcutis contains blood vessels, hair follicle roots, and nerves.

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SKIN AND BONES (continued):

• When a person is born, skin is about 1 mil-limeter thick and will grow to about 3 mil-limeters by adulthood.

• The body’s three million sweat glands will produce about two quarts (1.9 liters) of fluid on a warm summer day. When sweat evaporates off the skin, body heat is re-duced. Sweat glands are the most concen-trated on the bottom of the feet, with the least concentration on the body’s back. The smell of sweat is affected by a person’s mood, diet, hormones, medical condition, or drugs.

• Our skin is thinnest on our eyelids, just 0.02 m thick.

• Why does our skin bruise? It’s caused by blood capillaries that burst near the skin’s surface. The blood cells quickly die and change color, creating the purplish bruise. The bruise fades as those cells are carried off by the body.

• And why does our skin tan when we’re out in the sun? It’s the result of our skin secret-ing melanin, a brown pigment that helps block out harmful ultraviolet rays. Thou-sands of years ago, when dark-skinned hu-mans migrated to colder climates, much of their melanin pigment was lost and white skin began to appear.

• There are two types of melanin – phe-omelanin, which varies from yellow to

red in color, and eumelanin, which is dark brown to black. Pheomelanin is responsi-ble for our pink lips and for red hair color. Eumelanin contributes to brown and black skin and hair. A person with a complete or partial absence of melanin is known as an albino.

• Skin that is glabrous has no hair.

• Acne, caused by an overproduction of oil that plugs the pores, afflicts more than just teenagers. One in 20 adult women is both-ered by acne. That figure is just one in 100 for adult men.

• The next time you’re doing the dusting, consider that 75% of household dust con-sists of dead skin cells. Every minute, you are shedding about 30,000 dead skin cells. By the time you’re 70, you will have shed about 40 lbs. (18.1 kg) of dead skin.

• Skin cancer is the most common of all can-cers, accounting for almost half of cancer diagnoses in the United States. There will be about 76,000 new cases of melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, this

year. Pale skin that sunburns easily is more susceptible to skin cancer. Severe sunburns in the past along with excessive unprotect-ed exposure to sunlight or tanning booths are also contributing factors. Melanoma is the fastest growing cancer worldwide, and one in 50 Americans will develop it during their lifetime.

• About 45% of bone consists of mineral de-posits, including calcium, phosphorus, and sodium, along with the protein collagen. Living tissue, cells, and blood vessels make up another 30%, with the remaining 25% water.

• Bones account for about 14% of the body’s total weight. A baby is born with about 300 bones, but as it grows, many fuse together, so that by adulthood the total is 206. When

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FAMOUS CANADIANS:

RAYMOND BURR

We know him best as defense attorney Perry Mason on the long-running television series. But there’s more to Raymond Burr than just the courtroom, as you’ll see. • New Westminster, British Columbia, was the birthplace of Raymond Burr, born to a lo-cal hardware salesman and his musician wife in 1917. He spent his early childhood in Can-ada, but at age 12, his pianist/music teacher mother followed her dream to Berkeley, Cali-fornia, taking Burr with her. • After a year-long stint in the Civilian Con-servation Corps, Burr moved on to his true love, the theater. He began serious acting at the Pasadena Playhouse at age 20, and four years later, he had his first Broadway role. His deep and distinctive voice was frequently heard on radio dramas as well. • Although we think of Raymond Burr mainly as a television actor, he actually had roles in more than 60 movies between 1946 and 1957, long before he appeared on the small screen. In 1956, the highly successful novels by Erle Stanley Gardner were to be turned into a new courtroom drama. Burr auditioned for the

a baby is born, its kneecaps consist of soft cartilage which will gradually harden into bone, a process known as ossification.

• The longest and strongest bone of the skel-eton is the femur, the thighbone, account-ing for nearly 25% of a body’s height. The femur can support 30 times its own weight. The largest bone is the pelvis, and the smallest is located in the middle ear. The tiny stapes, commonly called the stirrup is only 0.11 inches (2.8 mm) long, about the size of a grain of rice. It’s the only bone that’s fully grown at birth.

• The parts of the body with most bones are the arms and hands with a total of 60. Legs and feet are next with 58, followed by the 26 vertebrae. Most people have 24 ribs and our skull contains 22 bones. One out of 20 individuals has an extra rib, usually males. You can expect your ribs to move about 5 million times over the course of the next year. They move every time we breathe!

• Bone tissue is constantly growing slowly. Over a seven-year period, every bone in the body is completely replaced.

• The only bone in the body that does not touch another bone is the hyoid bone. You can find this V-shaped bone above the lar-ynx where it secures the muscles of the tongue.

• If the amount of calcium in the bloodstream is too low, the body pulls the calcium re-serves from the bones, which will eventu-ally cause the bones to thin (the condition known as osteoporosis), or break.

• The most common broken bones among adults are the arm and the ankle. However, in children, it’s the collarbone that’s most frequently broken.

• “A sound heart is the life of the flesh; but envy the rottenness of the bones” – Prov-erbs 14:30.

Chief of Detectives Robert Ironside, an officer critically wounded in the pilot episode and left confined to a wheelchair. Ironside was the first crime drama to feature a disabled police officer. This series was another big hit, and ran from 1967 to 1975, earning Burr six Emmy nominations and two Golden Globe nomina-tions. • Burr’s next series, Kingston Confidential, in 1977, in which he played a publishing mag-nate/amateur detective, was not successful, perhaps due to its time slot opposite the high-ly-popular Charlie’s Angels. It was cancelled after just 13 weeks. • One of Burr’s many hobbies was collecting seashells, and in 1965, he purchased a 4,000-acre island in Fiji called Naitauba, one ex-tremely rich in shells. He also enjoyed cultivating orchids, something that he could pur-


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RAYMOND BURR (continued): role of the District Attorney Hamilton Burg-er. Gardner attended the auditions, and al-though Burr was auditioning for the oppos-ing role, Gardner immediately spoke up, “He is Perry Mason.” Another actor, William Talman, who was auditioning for the Mason role, was given the District Attorney part. Perry Mason aired from 1957 to 1966, dur-ing which time Burr won two Emmy Awards for his performance. Re-runs of all episodes have been in syndication ever since. • There was no rest for Burr following the termination of Perry Mason. Television’s 1967 season brought a new drama to NBC, that of Ironside. Burr played San Francisco

¥ When there are big family jobs to be done (like getting ready for the holidays), we write all the tasks down on slips of paper and put them in a hat. We take turns choosing tasks until all the paper is divvied out. Sometimes we trade, but we all get a fair chore list. -- V.O. in Oregon¥ Thanksgiving Tip: “Let one person be responsible for putting prep dishes, pots and pans in the dishwasher while another prepares the bird and side dishes for the table. You will be halfway done with dishes by the time the meal is over.” -- M.A. in Washington¥ Leftover bread can be repurposed as croutons or breadcrumbs. In fact, this is an excellent job for kiddos. With clean hands and a butter knife, older children can cut leftover rolls into manageable size pieces. Spray with olive oil cooking spray, and bake at a low temperature (225 F) to dry out. Or crumble stale bread into crumbs and store in the freezer. ¥ If you love to burn candles, then the odds are good that you have a lot of candle “ends” that can no longer be used. You can purchase new wicks at the craft store and make a new candle from your leftovers. Simply scrape out the leftover wax into a clean tin can with one end removed. Set this can into a pot on your stovetop. Add a few inches of water, and boil to melt the wax. Then, holding the wick in place, you can pour the melted wax back into a candle-safe jar to let cool. Burn away!¥ If you have ever had a tough time threading a needle, try this trick. Spritz the end of the thread with a shot of hairspray. It makes the thread stiffer, and it goes right through with no fuss.Send your tips to JoAnn at [email protected].(c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

sue on his island. Burr was also an avid fisherman and loved sailing. • In 1985, television producers figured it was time to bring back Perry Mason, and 26 made-for-TV movies were produced be-fore Burr’s death. • Burr’s philanthropic efforts included the donation of his salaries from the Mason movies to charity. He donated large sums of money to medical and education insti-tutions in Denver, where the movies were primarily filmed. He was the sponsor of 26 foster children through Save The Children. His donations helped establish the Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum in Sani-bel, Florida. For many years, New West-minster, B.C. was home to the Raymond Burr Performing Arts Centre. • TV Guide has ranked Raymond Burr as #44 on their list of the 50 Greatest TV Stars of all Time.


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ROCKEFELLER CENTER TREE Every year on the Wednesday after Thanks-

giving, the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree is lit between West 48th and West 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan in New York City. Here’s a glimpse into the history of this tradition.

• Construction began on Rockefeller Cen-ter in May of 1930, a cluster of 14 build-ings in an Art Deco style. Its centerpiece is the 70-floor, 872-foot (266 m) GE Building located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, formerly known as the RCA Building, and nick-named 30 Rock. Today the complex con-sists of 19 commercial buildings covering 22 acres.

• On Christmas Eve, 1931, in the midst of the Great Depression, a group of 30 construc-tion workers dragged a 20-ft. (6.1-m) bal-sam fir tree through the muddy construc-tion site and decorated it with strings of cranberries, paper garlands, and tin cans. In 1933, the year that 30 Rock opened, the tree became an official holiday tradition with the first lighting ceremony.

• An eight-ton bronze sculpture of the Greek Titan Prometheus bringing fire to mankind was installed in early 1934 and is a prominent feature in the plaza. On Christmas Day, 1936, the Center’s ice skating rink was opened. Its popularity has grown to the point that today over a quarter million people skate there every year.

• Usually a Norway spruce, the tree must have a minimum height of 65 feet (20 m). The height is limited to 110 feet (34 m) due

to the width of Manhattan’s streets. The tallest Christmas tree at the Center was in 1999, a Norway spruce from Connecticut, 100 feet (30 m) tall. Since 1999, the tree has come from one of four states – New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, or Pennsylvania.


when it recycled the tree for the first time, grinding it into 30 three-bushel bags of mulch to cover the nature trails of upper Manhattan. Further environmental efforts were begun in 2007, when the tree was lit with 30,000 LED lights for the first time. This resulted in a savings of 1,200 kilowatt hours less electricity per day over the tree’s old incandescent bulbs. That’s enough to power a 2,000-sq-ft house for a month! That year, the tree was used to donate lum-ber for a Habitat for Humanity house con-struction.

• This year the Rockefeller Center tree will remain lit until January 7, 2015, the day of the feast of Epiphany.

PAW’S CORNERBy Sam Mazzotta

Why Does Dog Chase Its Tail?DEAR PAW’S CORNER: Our dog “Jimbo” recently took to chasing his tail. He does it in the living room, and he does it when I take him outside. Often he’ll snap at the base of his tail. It stops for a few hours, and then he’s back at it. I’ve looked, and I can’t see any fleas or anything. What causes this? -- Dale in Charlotte, N.C.

DEAR DALE: There are several possibilities as to why Jimbo keeps chasing his tail. While it’s true that almost all dogs do this occasionally, frequent tail-chasing signals that something else is going on. The most common cause, as you were thinking, is itching or other irritation in a spot on a dog’s hindquarters that is hard for it to reach. A flea or tick infestation certainly can set if off, but since you didn’t find evidence of fleas (such as flea dust -- tiny black specks that are basically flea droppings -- deep in Jimbo’s fur) or ticks, the mystery gets deeper. Another possibility is some kind of allergic reaction. He could be experiencing anxiety. Or, he could have an underlying health problem, such as an infection. Take Jimbo to the vet first to rule out any serious problems. If a cause isn’t found, the vet likely will recommend a medication -- either an antihistamine to calm allergic itching or an anti-anxiety medication, or both. If these help your dog, then you’re halfway to finding a cause. Observe Jimbo more closely. Where does he hang out during the day? Are there certain places where he likes to walk or romp outside? Does he begin exhibiting the behavior after the same event or the same feeding time? Look for patterns and behavior triggers, and you can begin working forward to calm his tail-chasing.

Send your questions or comments to: [email protected].

(c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

ROCKEFELLER CENTER (continued):

• A crane supports the chosen tree while it is cut, after which it is moved to a custom-made telescoping trailer for transport to the Center.

• During the 1950s and 1960s, the tree was topped with a 4-ft. (1.2 m) plastic star, which was later changed to a fiberglass and gold-leaf star. Since 2004, the tree has been topped by a Swarovski crystal star weighing 550 lbs. (250 kg). The star stands 10 feet (3 m) tall and is made up of 25,000 crystals with a total of one million facets.

• Televised broadcasts of the lighting began in 1946, and in 1951, NBC began its tele-vised ritual of the tree lighting, going live on The Kate Smith Show, hosted by the “first lady of radio.”

• In 1971, Rockefeller Center went green

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• It was beloved American author Mark Twain who made the following sage observation: “Always do right -- this will gratify some and astonish the rest.” • In September of 2007, a law was enacted in China that made it illegal for a living Buddha to reincarnate without permission from the government. So far there’s no word on what the punishment for breaking the law might be. • Pretty much everyone has seen shellac on a piece of furniture or perhaps a guitar -- it’s used to give wood that rich shine. You might be surprised to learn that shellac is derived from a substance that is excreted by a tiny red insect found almost exclusively in the forests of Thailand. You might be even more surprised to learn that shellac isn’t just found on wood; the next time you eat jelly beans or take a bite of a bright-red apple you bought in a grocery store, you can thank the Kerria lacca insect for that lovely shine. • American novelist Edgar Rice Burroughs was the oldest war correspondent of World War II, flying with the 7th Air Force on bombing runs in the Pacific at the age of 66. ¥ Otters float while they sleep, and in order to keep from floating away from each other while dozing, they hold hands. • It’s been reported that on his deathbed, noted French Enlightenment figure Voltaire was enjoined by a priest to renounce Satan. The philosopher is said to have admonished the priest, saying, “Now, now, my good man. This is no time for making enemies.” Thought for the Day: “Life is to be lived. If you have to support yourself, you had bloody well better find some way that is going to be interesting. And you don’t do that by sitting around.” -- Katharine Hepburn(c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.


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Tidbits vernon 201 nov 28 2014 skin and bones