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TIJE
.. I) () H \ .. - ~ < > H I) I J \ l r S 1 1~ \
" rAR CH l lVI ES TB IAL
TbccatnOo.a.O.fCda~fr'aooe'Codle "DEATH·TUNNBL"
ot DOAA
Com... 7 Aaatut 19f7 ..
CAMP DACHA II,.: GERMANY
Qumntion ...... llo\\ in{:! ' uz.i .. Grnnan mt'IHalit)
.. WhM do 1" o«d a hotpltal for? Why don't you limply hanll thote people who it'J on tkJt W I ...
The C....p eo.-11., ~ 1:he tvW•-. t:I.IAIOI. lie> hit c.., Pb,..ld ....
"Normal ootput It <k:Nndcd of the prisoners, wltho.u jtl vln~ the1'1'1 even the m01t prlmJtlve tus-lenancc 01' c:a~ ...
1"he C..p eo...--.. ~ • .,.__, .,, OORA 111 • ~ ~ Hlthd AliiiMo!'tdeo.
"'N\'.W.t Mind tht ....... \'SW.t. 'The •-orlc. mu.i:t prottt<d •nd be f1111lthcd Ia the thcu1at poulblc time·.
SS~ltA.'•C.."tt...Dt•- .. w. ......... .. --~ ..... ...__ ....... .. OOQA.
"OORA, hell of •II eone:ent rat.lon campt '".
Ot. Ecl• ilt KATZ&o;r:U.IlN60Gt:N. ~kttd •"II om-.!. eo Ufe l~r~p•"->-• 111 !he P"'"'"' 8U<:J-Ii:N''&'Al.D 1$1,
A BOOKLET WITH A BRIEF HISTORY OF TilE
·· n o B, .. _ ~ORDilAL' SL<:~
LABOR· CONCENTIIATION CAI'IP
INFORHATION ON THE
.. I)OHA"·- NOHDliAUSEN Wllll CIU~1F.S CASE
ol
Jill I \11'1 ll -..T\Tb 01 \\11.1111 I
lr1hur 1-rrn I \1)11 1~. • 1 II
TR I AL
... CAMP OACHAU . GERMANY -
Ttll$ 1rQQK IS DEDICATI'.I)
'" ,_~wuoec ....... , ., - t. t)Wo _,.
......,_. .-~ uo~ -a.~ etd'- oa " .... ' c- .. ~ •DORA. Clio:-_..... • ..,,. ..... ~~....,..-.-.
•
'1111. l'll!hl ' ! I TIO\ ..,I \ I I
WILLIAM BERI'IAN, E>q. 1.~ AC
OM-I ~~-• .t BOSTON. MASS.
Wll.L.IAM F. Mc;GAJlQY, E11q. C•pt, CAC l~;:-11tnr, Bi NP.W YOIUt, N.. Y.
JOliN J. RYAN. E"'· C..p1 CMP
P-c.""'· fl 8AOSX, St;.W ~'QAK. S.. )
WILLIA~t F. jONES, E>q. '"'Ll CAC ~. _. A.AC'O.'E. WI:"C.
JA008 f. KINDER " ....
'"•f"..:lta:-• ., fl. LAut>fltD-'L£. rLA.
WILLIAM J. AALMANS All U S,W,O.O ... t-,..
,.,,,..e~IOr, <~11\ILQ):~AO&. Nmu:ALA.Ml
s
TO TliE READER
This boold~ It ""'' • tlllnpK of some of fhe ai.mes commJucd at, and .om< l11fon~U~UM on
tht hl~ory of thc OORA·NORDHAUSEN COCI(:Itftt,..tlon eutPJ. It I• • far cry from belnt com·
pktc. b«a~w a oo.pkt~ tl0t1 would ftql.l:i« voi'Qft!ICI,.
Bunker
c.c.
A88R£VIATIONS and NAMF.S
A forllflcd e~ll·bluc:k within 1.bc prbooc:rs camp where C.C. lnrnatct •eft lodc:c:d up for thtnJt~ they •crt: allc:tc:d to ha\'CO done. Cener3lly the Cctllllpo 111d SO ruled ln the bunker. o.nd oommlltcd there their crime$.
ConcttllrotiOtl C.mp.
C.p.o (ln. Ccrmlm Ka.po) A l)fiJ0¥1tr·fornnan ln dtartte of ..omc dcto.ll. The n1unt eotnu from
Sl)
SOG
ss
lt1ly, 'Arhert a foreman of Na&On.$ QT Stonc·workcrtl l~o cnllcd Celt)(). It originates from I he t .. un ''ord Cat" ' t ·Head.
Cc.hchne Stut• l>oUid Secret State Pollee.
GcM.ll.tchlh mil budl~n1ucr Haftunt Llrnlled Liability Com~ny.
Kl~tn 1000 mttut.. Oot k.A 1s ) • of a •lie.
Srurm Abtdlunf Storm Battalioa.. Tht DUDe for tM brown•thlrtc<l t~ of tM N.arl P.rty A.-y.
SickrtwU.tdktut St<:.rit)' Snvk.c:.
SMltac1td~lrad. NCO member of Mr:dkal eo,., $d\un Statfd Protection Squ:J.d. The dJte ~ l!Ait of 1dcct«< N.•b u.tcd ltlo dw bqtiMlnf of N.u.bm u bodY""tUard fot t-lldr:r and other hlfh N.li.d ofOdab: .Jlott l9)) alto tdN u the ao c:alled Totc:n.kopfvr:'rbemdc: (Dt•th·hc:~ unlb) for f\lardlng ~nccntntlon ~mp.s, and In tm even enlta~ed to oombo,t ~o~nlr1. the $S-dlvlfloru;, c:.lled the W1ffcn SS.
Volkuturm ~pic-. Army. The poorly equipped 1nd trtlltlcd unll._ n•oatly contlttlnt of c l· dcrly men. put IQik:lher in the last stage of the ,.,ar wh~n Ccrn•lm)' wl.s ''ac::taplng thtl bottom of thtl barrel .. , Thb Volkssturm ~ttnertlly •"""J• OOfnmo:ndW by N1JI P.ny olflc:lUIJ.
6
RR IEF II ISTOin OF 1..\UO il-CO.'\CE:\'fll \Ti l) \ C:.\\11'
.. DORA .. \\I> ITS I'IIOIH CTS. Til E \ ·.\\E \1'0\S
In ord~tr 10 11nckrttand qvltc- nil the atablith~ and openUon ofOORA•nd lh ..,.b-<••Ptone fint hu lo ~lc at the hUtory and denlopint of the famous German "'Sttrtt Wntpon .. , lhe \'-2
to&et :and the V-I fl)'lnaf bumb. the production of whkb wu c:TO$C:Iy connecttd 'll>lth DORA. This
will ctp1aln, at the totn•c liMe, why DORA and lt3 tu~mps •·ere #r;nerally unknOw1\ hl the •orld and uen to lhc Genn•n p~plc • ·Uh the: c-.llteption of thost" dJrttdy conntctc:•l wl1h ft. The name
'"DORA" wa• futl 11 covtt-~uun~ for the conccntntJoo camp utablhhcd nf'flr I he to .. n uf NORD· HAUSBN, IOOHI.'d M~uth of the IIAAZ.•rtiOutllaln$ In Cc:ntml Germany.
'I'll E .. S F.C 11 "r \I E. I PO'\ •.
M~~o)'be ont c:un rcmembcl' th.c: lime uflc:r the fil'$1 W<)rld Vl/u •·hen In Cenn•ny CJ~rimc:r~tt • •ere bci"' made .... rth lhc rodl.~ .. utomobUc of \'Oft Opel on the Avus: r.ee•tradt In lkrlln or
rodcetf ••tn Mint tulcd on the- LuCUC'bllf1er fidde. There •--..s ..omethlnt ltOlnJI on and the of· fldal upbnation thm .,,., that tome dlf:inttN •·ere anempt~ to dndop • rodtet •11h •hkh
"'Ma.U (IOIU.ld be tf1lM,.ortcd to AIM'rk:l ln a Vt':l')' short dmc .. l Germany dld 004 ha .. e an Army at that ti:mc.-.ith thot oerptloe of the ""Qdda.J.._,h.r ,a!lo-a'Cd by tbe Trca:ty of Vc:,.llkL Aller Hffkr
C2IDt •d • atlll)' 'n..t IOOG 1Minf bWJt vp .,..... rod:e1 ~ •-u •.af1c4 br thc: Gcraan Ann• Ordnance uwllld 19)6. and the: Armr Raa.rda Sulion PEE."'E.'flli~~'DE ,..,.. fou.!Kkd. PF.ENE· t'-tu.EJ-mE b located Oft the C:O.tl of the S.ltk: Sea. ac:ar the blattd of RU£CEN.Dcwd~pat('ftt •mt
on s:lo..·ly. and It WN fMC until thor:- middle of 19.0 lhal production of the: I'IC'W rodtet, the V·2. could be stanr:d..
HQ9o'CVC'r, the Allie• •ere nry .-ell tnfonncd.. .to that in wmmr:r 1~ PEF.N'F.MUENOE'• re·
sr:atda uatlont '·ere p,.~;tltally dutroyed by tr:nral mtensivc. bomblnts by the Allied Alrf!olteu.
The Coermaru; Md to look for other loea.Uons for their lmportnnt plants, a.nd IC ..... _. then that the
«hoi« for the new loc:11t1on fell on thoe
The HARZ·mounlllhll hove ()fl their wvthcrn ed.!le 11omc apvu whldl lllre i!COI O!ll~l.llly dome· shaped and .. hOI'O hills Ore rkh In c.lehun !lulphatc., ilri1CI1eally In ptlrt form. Cc:nenJiy thut
domet .ore: not hl.11tr ttw11 4IJ>proxlmately )00 }!iO mclert.") two to three thou,..r•d mccen wide, and five 10 el~ht kllon•ettrt lout. hi one o f th~;lSt": hlll.tnamed the ··KOHNSTEIN"',about dik,m, north
of the 10,.'ft NOn.DI IAUSEN, ealdum 11ulphate had beca proc:urc:d by dlfltlnt for «nturfH>. and In
193& the firm "Ammonlak'', a brtnc:h company of the "'J.G.Farhen~lndu.itrlc", ••a.t runnlnt a pit there.
1ft that )'ea.r a ~'ffnrnent finn ubdtt the name of ''WifO" (\\"lruchahlkbt Forte:hu._,tfc:HU•
!ldlaft Eeoeo.nkal RUCJ~rc:h Companp) •-.a oo the: look-out to find, In pr-cpara·UOtl for the comint .....,., t»o.b-,roof ~•orate pt.ou. for CbOIW and oiL LG.Farko ~ed to tlw "'WifO cht u• c:andoe of tl.tDnd.6 ta chc: KOtt:-o:ST£1N and to usc tllc ~pac:e f« sl~te of the prod~C• of
1
"'WIFO". In rum " \111FO" wootd pay a Ptrt of the c:,xg~.v.tlon. &rb n,._. atfftd, and 10 I.G.·FarOen tot dt«p a ldum and HM .. \VIFO .. u~lknt :Nltlbk stOftlfe fP'«·
·WIFO'" drew up pl.an.t fot cscantlon. J~nd tuoncllnf: ns started. The or~l plan calkd for " " ton• lunMb ruMI:nt paralkl throufh the 100untabll fro. ncmh co .ourh COIIlMCtcd br 46 ,..ucr Nu.tb.
Ow c..-d Clact"r daftMt~ 8.-tvnl»d} wu alrodr compkt~ aiMI the Olher one Clara A• toalld), _._, ,.,..._n, COfltpktcd ope~~irtf: o.t oa tM 60C"'M:n •We' of the hill. whee .. 190 thaoe IUIUIC':b •rre rcc:otobed u an kkal Ate for tbc: udcrtrouod produt:CioA of tM y...,'t"•poo ... S.O..t D cocmccUnf tua.ndt Mel been compkted too. ll.c Miabtry for ANaiM'ftt ordC'rtd SS Coloed &.t. Dr. KAM.MLER CUte:r 011 SSGeaua.l KAMMLER) ln blt a.padty u di""-"Or of tJw -AJ•td· lllnf 6av bdm SS Hauptan'lt- (Coastruetloa Bruch of the SS SupreMe Headq\MirtC'rt) to com.· pldC! tlK tunnd ~t1«n lntlcle the KOHNSTELN. Thlt was dooe .coordln.t to or'tflnal plant. ThC! two main tunndt wc:re 1800 tlktaa lonf, l2.)0 meten wkk: and 8.5 rnd~tra hiJth. ~ conneetln11 tunnela WC!~ 140 II'IC!i«a lOtti and had otherwiK the umt dbntMiont .... uh ~~~ cxc~tptlon of 101nt ~~t.hk'h •tre dull uur dC!e(M'.r .o that lhe:y ~~t.·e;re aboot )0 rndcrJ hllth. Thete were utrd fo r lettfn~ the: 11-»etl\bltd rodu:IJ, The floor of all tunntl.s wat eonc:rcled.
1'wo l lr~• of tlllndard gnuJtt Grtman rnilrolllcb: n\n the entire lenglh of btuh hmnela wHh enooah at)tttc for trudc trln•rorr In addition to the huJtt- intricate tnad\lnery which lhu:d the ~~t.•nll .. of mo.tt of the tunr•eb. Thue tunnc:Ls when c:ompkted ~~t.·ue uJC:d e~ttlutlvely for rhe production of V· l Oyln)1 b<M:nhl amd V·2 rockc:b. with thr e,;ccptlon of the ''orther11 .co;t~n •hkh was used by the Junhn Corupt~ny for the ma.nufacture of alrpt&De e"'"'et. To•nrds the end of the war morr f.PKt wu needed, and cooJtnac-tk>n was be~n on three orhtr ttls of hmnc.l$ on the- north· cutem and •e~t aide: of KOHNSTEIN and ooc oo. the: Hlt-11'-1El..SBERC aa.r WOFFLEBEN. Ead.l Kt of hlnnt.li co.Wited of ) Ptralkl with 3 to JO cunru:ctl.,f tunncl.t. Wllh the e1:ccpti0tt of tk kn!tth the dl~l'l.tkln_. of thac: tunnds Wtte the:: M.ft'IC. u tM OfttfAa.l onu. 1k parallel tunncb ~ aN.t m )M IM'tcrt .... ud 100 Ill den ·~'f1. The, W(ft dalfMd to houte a faetor,. for the prod.lldh>fl of lkl\l1d o•Jten. synthetic ~~. aacl thC': IIC'W' r et ufl.lu.own "TJPhooa"" rodcd A·l alld A-4.
When. chr end of thC': _..r QllloC as mach u 8).,. o f tbrtt: • c• lun•dt •'C'~ c:oenplrrrd. Hd the plants ~t't aU ln full operation.
TilE " \II'I'I'I-:I.IIEIU.. " (;. \1, 11. 11. 'Whcft the huute:l •Y"eM In tht KOHNSTEINh.acl bttn dr.t.iprd u ar~ utHI<tiro~md factory tor
V·.,.·ca(I(JI't, WlfO moved our Its II Ores to make room for the lnttaJlaltOI• of thr n\lc:hlntf')'. In the brJinnlng at wotk In the tunnel• ltlrttd. the project ..,.ll.S nm by t~~t.·o a thnlni•tranlont; one the SJ)Cdul l)ol.rd for v~wr:~pol'l Produc:.Hon With rqard to ttdtnkal U'lfUc:n. the otbtr the: •·QUE· STUNGSKON1'01t"' Cmbll, a firm under dlrc:e:t W!ltNI llf the Mlnlltr)' !or Am10.1nent beaded by Nlnlalet Sl>t,U!Il. Thl• nUI~S11JNCSKONTOn •·o.s ~t1h'lg ~~~ tht flnanclnJt office for the enUre proJ~I. In Noven1ber liM) rht IWESTUNGSKONTO»: Itself fc.Kmdtd a 1\ew flm), the "M IT1'1H.· WERK" GmOI I., whkh wa• Jul)poted to t11ke over the admil~btratlon anc.l fln•nch.g fr"'" nm: .. STUN'GSKONTOn., •ith «lfard co the t"lltlre project of V·•·capon produc1Wn ar01,1nd NOilD· H,\USEN.
The cOfnpletlon of the oriiiJnal luMeb as •ell u (he new tunncl·d--tlnt prolcct to•-ards the end of the war •triC' IC'ntlrely done by the SS Cot»tTVC1ion BnulCh, All thnc bu11dlnf and con· •trvcCIOft .-ottu atOUnd MliTELWERK WIC're c:alkd the ~lttetba.u· . It wa• ftOt a co.pea~ybutjust a ftUIC. After OORA b«:aMc: • lndepeadart camp ( I NOftlftbrr 1944) II tot the offklal IIUik of ··MITTE.J..8A.u-· C.C. To .ukc .101M ~ thr three: la_rtat cu.pt OORA, ELUUCH and 1-VJtZUNGEN n« catiiC'd rupccth'ely MmEl.BAU I. II or IlL
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''IJOIII"-!'0;\ l'E \ Til\TIO\ ( ' \Il l'
'\l1hto th~ t..b<wc dctcrtkd work to oompkt; the tllftftd IYII~ and to _.,.., pr.xl~tt;'lion of V· ~ had to) bqln, b.bor •-as ntt<kd to do the •'Orlc.. It wat thc:o, oa or abovt the bt ol Scptankr l90, thtt DORA ••• fOIIDCkd u an o.t•aop of C. C. BUOII!.NW Al.O. to procure the DCUStarJ tlUpply of p~t.bc:w. 1M firs.t contlafcnt of pri.Jontrun'h"<d from 8UCHfh'WAW oca l Scpk:ftlbcT tfo4). Thc:ft wu no pt.cc at &U to hou:tc tMw ptboftcn who hW to ttart wo~ In
the ru..wb lntMcdlatcly. This ..-ork of tutmdinf had to be dorw uJM:l(r the ..otJ danftrout conditt<lftS.
wit~t any nuochhwr,. Of IIIOCkn~ cqi:LIPI'ftd't an.llabk. Evcrythlnf had hl he cf.>M by hand. Ahu
bluu.np the rodtt h.J ·~ be c.rricd ouu&dc the tunnc-lJ, by hand too. The probkm or hou.tld:lt the
priJ.oncn wa1 'M>I¥cd by tlw SS by puttint them ln!Jck the. tunncb. Prbonc-ra h.:.d t~ w\'lrlc,
dt, •J«p 1111d t13Y In the tunnclt. In the flrt-t months they taw da)"lltht ~e • •«It only fgr
the .ok puri)01C of • n>ll·cnll on Sund:ay afcc:-nO<lC\. The SS had thdr tcnu ond banack1 bdn)1
built CJoUflhlc. Mort und •norte pri-'ODtn eamc In fr<Jm BUCHENWAI,O. oncl • KcUon of the hm·
neb was fb:~d for alt~l•lnjl purpo&e-t Ctce drawlnt1 of .. Uvlng ronditlont In the 1\lnncls", pn~ II).
The bc:d11wcrc wooden bunk• • Hen hlg_b, There w;as no !r-..toh calr, blld ll~ht, nnd fk) v~ntllatlon
throu}11K)ut the entire tmmcl tyttem. Rtn.&tfng ••tnt on day And lllitl\1 and the (hul a hC'rewcry blat tin~ •'Ill 110 thldc thnt II wu lmi>Ou.lblt to tC'e S ttcps ahead. The prlsoncn hud to worlt in two shi(t.s
of 12 hours cad\, 7 dayt a wnk. •• many as «llCC prisoners In one •hlh. Tl•ey had to aJecp In thc .. Nme Mdt 11\111 'lt.>tf'e Ju•t ldt by their c:om.radet who had ttutart wor1c.. II wauold ~·c-ryeold 11'1
those tunnels and the c~thlnll: of the prl&onen ..... poor, ~·c-ry fi'I)Or. Their • Std .. ••• a wooden
bunk •lth • thkic.l.aycr of du.tt, a llrt.•-mattrus If avalblable-.and OM bt.nkc:e. 11tcrc ..... no drin·
klnf water and the food ••• more tha11 poor. WNh.\oj: &dUUennd M.J)IIary lntlaiiiUOtiHb.oluttly
none. Prbonc.ra ttaJ"Chcd the 'fttttpipcs,. bdint to the c:oaerete111ldnf platt .. for bitt In order
to ttt .aew: drln)dnf "tcr bec.w• It ..._. strlctl_y foriJ.Idden to take "'C':f froftll cht laPJ. l"kdbl trat~Da~t .,., pr-.ctblty noo-obcmt. Ia tlw btfbulbf th.t-ft wa• a cnu ouuldt: wtth abo.t one doz1t11 becb, afternrcb a -'1 totelloa of one taon<l •w bid ••We for fide Pt~tltoU roo-. IAtrlale
f.d.Hti« CONbt«l of blornb <vt 1ft ha.lf. placed ill froru of the Mtnoc:c to cbt Nttplllf hmMit. T'hcwoaAd:i and thouMech of prlMOtn W<:~ flockt'd tot<thcr I• tMx tun.ntl.i, .o th.tt fllt:h and
lack of Uf MtlltaUOtl brow-hi Oft Ike. d)'Kntcry,and oc.Mr dJteUCs ira their Vr'Ortl fona. Tui:ancu·
Joab dcvdopcd •mont hundt«<t In a \'Itt)' 6bort tim<. ().nth •tartcd toOR In OOR.A 1u'td uc:rca ...
cd npldlf to a lrcmendou•ly hlfh pe-r CCS!tllltc. But nobod1 eared. Bodtu of the dud were taken
to SUCHENWAU) for bumtn' llntU OOAA Later tot Its own crematorium.
On<- of the wont «Jflditi<mt """' the JP«d with whidt evceythlnt had to be dOIIC'. l)rlwncrs •·ere driven COIUtalltly, hul't'y, hurry, hurryll The allied alrforus were •tr'lklng Cerm11ny with
encr.c:atln~ force. and I litter, CObbels nnd C6rin~ •·ere promltln; their people"' every •pe«h :and
at 411\y OC:c.Jion the new ".fC:crt'.l W<:apon". 1'hcy had to tell the•n SO•ncthhllf in order to keep tltclr bope for rcvtnste alive. SJH!ed I Spc.<ed I Thot waJ the $(0fan, "Never mind the hur111111 vlcllm,. Tht
,.,·ork m111t protted and M fi111thcd In the shorted pO.ulblc timcl ... ,.ld Cencrfll KAMNLEU. In·
deed they did not mind I 1'hue (OndiUon• In 1he tunnels laatcd Wltll A.pr'IJ 1944. whlks a b.rradct c.mp .. .._. btln,f! built
on the tloplntl touih~m cdje of lht KOHNSTF.IN. At lhat tim~ the tunnel co"tll'\lctklon ,.,., practl·
caUy ft.mJoMd, mad'llncry ,,,,., beln- IDJ.t:a.Ucd, and 1hc prod~~eUon olthe V•wt:apo.-s ... _, tolnf to bt
tn ma•f!NidloiCit.,.. on iM aMotrftblr·line. ~,.. I hen • ·Cft' Wlktcd out:J:kle the talleeb .. tbc •"'Odet! bamtct .. and the tremendously
hltk deeth·ntc dropped for a ,.;ftik. OOQA had tKWr the rc:.l ~pcct of a -c...,p. 1M SS rukd .. the •'tll·tnooa-. C'Ofteftl.tn-Uoa camp IIUAQCI', but .. OORA ud S. dte t\ln•C'b It n.t .-orw thu
_,....here cite. EUtUOI. HARZUNGE.'l. ROITLEBEROOE and aftcrurdt abo 80El.KE KA·
10
TO CAMP .DORA"
II
8 ~.
12
SERNE. #a,•e lhc main camp mlotdt oompe:Utlon with regard. cotheulttln-st ftrrlbk CCMldltlont. Etpe
dally ELLRICfl and BOELKH KASERNE became notorious ro.-anlt the end. $aftltaUon •u In·
deq\QIC" n-e.,...·hC'tt". food •·•• tDOI't' tbu poor, ~ t«:at:IIW::ftt b1 far not .ufrlclcr~t If ••r at alL 0. top of lhlt bc-,atln-• an,..hc-re at any time for any or no rcaiOft at aiL Mblrutaomtt.. tOf'C\Irn. \:Uiw.tt.. •11d h.antln~t ~ a pt;rt of lhr cbily ur~ OOIV. Md It• .,., c:t'CINitortum.
1ts own • &ekrr .. uh GnHIP"lo and a rfAt ollnlofacn and spift. 0.. eM- ht of ~~c-bon 19-U DORA •u. beealdc of lu t.port~n«, M~dC' P llaCkpmdfl't
camp •lth. )I tub-<a•r• Of' •orllc-dc:taib. Th.i 1l"a$ the: befinnlnf of1hr ~" pc-tk)d 1-. thrr a. lift
c.xbtft~C'C: of the caMp. In Janu..r,. 1945 fUOy MY tuards ~nd. offl«n OJDt In f10m the fu.tl eva·
c:uat~ utcnnlrnati\MII camp t\USCII,. tTZ PoLand. Tbcsc: botn «tmtMis made con~ll'oM rum tu the
ntJ worst Tr~~onsportt c:am.c In fr\lfn otbcr o.ma:ntnutoo camps w"hkh had to be ~cualtd for the adnnelnf Ruulan tf'OOpt. DORA !MU~mc al'l c'lftl blgtcr lnf~ than U Nd olrcady buA.
The tlmc of1hc nu,..hontlntts.tartcd. Prlwncn •·'(:reh:an$!ed,upto51Qnoncday. Thcy•crthCLIIIt~
In the tunnelt with I he hdft of 111'1 d«trltally c:onlrollcd crane, a donn fll one tlmC',Ihdr h11nd; bound
behind the ba&:. A pic« of .. we~ was put In thc:Jr mouth. and M:ld f~c by a ... trc lied ot the bn.c:k of the l1~d In order to ,,,(1\"Cnt 'houlhtg. Alii he prbonc:r3 h~d 10 attend lhetCI nw•.u•hang\ngs.
whldt "''ere • lle'l!edly a rt'tll.tll ot &3boto_f(:, Sabotage. by the Gettapo tHtd the SS n ~11' Cllkntlble
wotdl Somc:llmca 1he ~tk ~f 41 ,,aper «rncnl bug fo k« p ..... ·ann , 1he u.e of a J•k~ of ternp I'IK' tal
to INlloC a 11)000., the Ulle of II J•lcce of elec:iriCPI ••Lrc to hold the ''oockn Jlloe:t On tltc: fed. o r
01htr t riOint mall c-rt ~rc CO.tlldcr<'d a• sabc>t.o~c".and rtsuh cd many tlmcaln dcotl• by lwnlth•f
or b<atlnf 1~ dc•th In the bunker. pardatla.rly, U tht $ua.pec:ted prl.tOne:r hap~ed to be • Rt.~-'"'
.JI.an, Pok, Jew or Cl~t)'. Tbc cxbtmce: of OOQA and lt.J tuboeam.ps came to aa dlld on lhe Sth of April 194), u tMy
... ~rc a~ttd before" thC' app~lnf American troops.
TIM- Rory and ~bnDeC: of DORA briftf$ a fttllaf; of honwbldc to aU thotoe: pri.tOMn ... ho.
thou$.h la cou•tlc:M catc• •1th bro*m heallh.. wC"re forturgfc enoufh to sunl'-c thl• ,telL of aU
eoacatln11oo c:a..p•··
IJ
SO \IE FIC l llES \BOLT DOll\ \\I) IT:- Sl II-< .. I \ I I'S £,tnctcd aad ~plkd from documcnt.t aM ttlt<t~~Mnb
DORA 11artcd M Sr,4tt~tbc-r 190 •ith &om: ) ~ prb011cn.. alld •u cnbf'ttd bt« tc an aTCraf't' '-lfdotth of alilout 12 th<luand prisoaet~.
At t~ lll~t CC. MITTELBAU i: comrrised tOfC'thcr ••th lb .to~~~f'• appro,im3· tdy :n thou .. nd prt~ nd in the Wt tDOaths, afttt the arrh·al of tht tQC'UolltoD traMpotta from AUSCHWITZ and GROSS OOSEN 40.00J pr1tonc::f1. Ahot«Mr a~t fl)ftj) penon• P-1-"" std throuth OOR.A •1Me tht camp slatttd lD $(-ptoembtr 190 u • ~b-ump of 8UCHEN\l"AlJ') and tlnot 1 NO\'f:IIIIX'r 19t4, •·hen It b«::me fudc:pc.1t.den1, through DORA and lif MJb•amp•, liP until April 1945.
Anumlnf •• a b.~ls ooly thai dna •·hich can Oe atc(_f1ablcd 01' h11nd of documents being the m 1 n 1 mu 111 of JMKt, It II catabllahed thut of the (().000 people whu paucd lhtoo;:h tht od• mtnlttr&IIM of OOJli\ at ltatt:
12.000 ur 20 suflcrcd urtous dbtaKII, 9.000 or 15 contracted T6 or be<:~~ me cumplctcl)' uh:111tted,
n.OOO or t2 • dlt:d. tllb nll as a rn1.1l1 of an Otf•nhcd murder.
A elo.w:r llnllllt•lt of the .:~lv11~ed doeumenttary C'lidcncc of DORA hotpltnl In the form of Qtd
lndc.-:>~;e-• wvcr1nlt the decc:utd lhow '"••: 74 • of the prbonc:n w,:re up to 0 ~;an qf ate.
•nd thlt the tt~uK of dnth ... s: I, T~o~bcn:ulotb l)•• 2- Pnc:umonia and pleurisy 9 ). &hau:J.tiOa bel c:olbpw S .. Dlatrlooao 7 ). Ph~ tbr bcatmts) ).)· 6. Various dcscucs )..) 7. Ua1u:tcwn 56
lhl:: h.lfh ~rttntatt of vnt.no.-n c.t<ta b<mt apU.b:ed b)' tllc: fa~ thlt the prboacn •u:rr: ddJ· '"t'~ from work or h-on. the bJoc.ks to the hc»pit•l already dead, or elK In '~ a atatc thlt they died tn the ho•rUal wlthla the flnt t,.'O cbys.
The analytJ• of the lllls •nd the: complex of condJt~r'IJ •how thel thrc:e rt'l'IOch outllm! them· Mlvc• II• the eA~mp pa~r11c:ulerly with retard to the health oondUion and the rnonollty of the priso-n<':n. Of tht tot•l recorded mortality of 12.m persons f•ll
2.84• or '22•· on the pc:rlod from 1 Oct, '0 }I l'1ardl '44. m or 8•• on tht period from I Apr. '4-t J1 Od. '«.
$,9)6 or 70~f Oil the period from I Nov. '4<l l Apt. '4). Tht numb~r of d<'-nlht ~1\·en In the first •nd ucond pcrkxt b of cam1• DOJtA Oflly; the thlr<C
pcriOO It of OOAA and irt sulH;omps totfether. With regard to rniliOi'lllllf, tbc prisoners represented )I n.lltiOn.t, the lurttr ~roups bt'lnlt n ......
sJan-. Poles and frnwh. The avcrtlge atr.~n-th of Qtmp DORA durln}1 the pcrk>d Octobc:r liM) throu,ah t-larth 1~4 ... u:
O..:tober 19-f) ) 900 prisonas. Of tbnt dJ~J 18 So<remile'r 194) &1.54 11'l D«n~~Ocr I~) 9!/i7 670 Jan~ry 194-f IO,»t 719 h b.N&ry 19H 11.947 ,,. ~.ret. 1944 11,167 • 1Q
--m2
0 1 th~ total number of 2.$32: prlaoncn ... ho died In the tinn period were:
99 or J., .. undu20 ft*t$ of •ltc )2) or till- up to 2S m Of 1).) up to XI 181 or IM up to >S 421 or IU· up to <40 4)4 9t 14..0 up 10 ~ 2$t or 9.9 up to :50 m or 9.7· up to 60 2• or 0.8· O'-er 60 .. .. ..
1-'9 or ,.2· •tt Ml dlabUahed.
The na.tlonaUUa of the 'l.882 prt.Joru·n •·ho clicd In the flrst perlod •-t:t<':
Ruubns 8l9 or 2S>A
F'"'"' 'IllS or '24.3• ~lu 4.)7 or 14.1·· Cermanf )7} or l).l ... IHlll,ns 26< or 9.}•· YulfOalllYCJ 91 ., }.2 Cud" 41 or 1.4' NC'therlundcn }2 ., 1.1· Scl,lant; L5 or 0.) Crccka 1
I O.n<• I Spo.nbnb I or O.J· Mrko:ns I Stareleu 1 N.tklfta.Ucy not 106 orU ...............
l11t1 .,..., \ft> ..... !(>Oy •r f)()RA 1ha1 could bu•ll '"llool IIIOtt" tl!tn •M'~\IIflt!tiJ' J'S b<J.d>f• • d•Y·
n. ,__ .. dw ____,._ .... ~ r.....,. ...... ..-..... ......... -. .... _ _..fak~
........ -- .s.e.
16 11
••
LIST OF 1.111011-CC):'-<'E'-TRITIO.\ C.I\IP ""OOil\"" .1'-0 ITS ~l IJ.(:\\II'S
I. DORA t'f.tJn a.p
2. IIARZUNGEN ). ELLRICii
4. NORDIIAUSEN llo<ll<c "-me :t. KLeiN 800UNGEN 6. WIEDA 7. BLANKENBURG & KnLORA 9. ROSSI.A 10. OSTP.IlOOil ll. II.Fm.l> 12. IIOIII.STEDT 1). Ollf.OLINBllllG 1._ TRAUTENSTEIN 1>. REGENSTEIN 10. WICKF.ROOE
IS
17. GROSS WERTliER J&. ARTERN
19. ROTTLEBER<>DE 10. NIX£1 21. OSTERIIAGEN 22. WOFFLEBEN 2). BLEICIIEROI)F. 2<. 1"ETTENBORN :>5. ~IACKENilOOP. 26. WALKI!Nnii!O
27. KLP.ISSINCP.N 28. SONDERSIIAUSEN 29. II.SEN8URC "'- BALLENSTEDT )1. SOLJ..STEDT ». NIEDERS.\CIIS1l ERFI!.."'
-tOAO ~U. IUO&O
IIAUI 0 A0 ltloHN(O &. I.N ((IH$ftUC.Tt0N fUNNUSUl(Jiolo TUNHHS.YSliN t liN &, IN CONS.lAUCTK)N RtSU tCttO ARt& IV •$$• GAA' t fC.
The ~eo~Pf:rati-M' C...p
Tk ~, M)ROHAUSEN. al.M kOOYa u "80El..KE KASlANl • ••• HUWI.Jilcd .a.ortty -~ tk HMI .i thr •-.r. la ....._,. 190, tk foraer SS INt'T'IICII._ u.cd BOEIJ'E K.A· SERNB '-cardl•t tiM- _,ht,. ~ ol tw w.~ of SOQI)HAUSEN, - dwtttd tat• • pn.c..' .... --.c-.. .. c.c. DOQ.,\ ..d in OIII•Q!IIIIpt. Prt.ari1y, ...... d of OOR.A. EURICH ..ct HAR%U!'I.'(;E.'I br llor 1k -n~ ol all ca•~'* ~ .mtto BOF.Lke KAS£AS£ fof. -~ ~-. A tf(l ... .. tk otW e..p wu .d ti ~ f« ~ _..,. •c-r'f' .CUI Mk
Nlo¢ht .. dw: C')'ft Of the S$ M do~ wodr,. 'J'kK Wttc" NDl eMil .wtJ .. --~~ ...tl·dc-tatb. ID the towa of NOIIDHAUSE.'i. ~for ..-qrtc at tlk rail"*' J.Uit.-. Afklfll« .-ctiOD wu te~P'P'N(d to be: • t.o.p~C&I f<Ot the ~~tat~y T8 pat:kfltt u •c-11 u otllcT tick 111d •~k OMt. How• cwr, the Mf<VP alld arc- for the e~ultc- C*IDP wen •udt. tilla r ol1 COfKfltkNI.t polAttd lit the d.,. KCIIOI\ of "a./ow but MU( tltltmJtlatl«< ,
SS Offkcrt, N.(,O; a, .nod ,_rdt COf!Mttcd. primarily, ol kwlt·tlmc crlmt~ab who had ...._,, fkd fro.. th.c tnfllmOUt tll tennlnallon a~mp AUSCH'WITZ. m Poland at nil •• CROSS ROSF.J~ ln Silc-,1 .. ICI UCIII)e the 11dvandnJ lluulan trooJM;. Thc:x men. did not co~ a~ l\lld n.'lt thullttht· c:fl co.l.fldc:ratlon f<lr any !'lrbO~r. The« '<l(('fe no rs~oedk.al c:;~~pe.ritac:nfl, no P• -<h•n•lw:l"l. n'\J m•••· c:lltC:utkltll 1111d 11o0 crc:rn.11tory at RO ELKE KJ..SERNE 10 ~tennlnatc l'ltOflk, l lo•t'ltr, tllcnc Wll~ prllctlc.lly 110 food a •t.d no c•rc: fbr ll1c flrltonetJ c l!hcr, to ttl&! ll\c ruuh wat tdUiy the "'me: nllmtly, the prl.wnu• dkd lUte rnu before tt f!Jt ·tun. Owth•rtttt of , ~ P<OPk o day beC:Im'C nQml&l. 11nd CCI 'liard• tl•t crtd Utt~ "''<:~ dl)'• • ·hen abcKit 7' ~pic: d ltd 0111 o f a e~~mp• l l«nllth e~ f OI)I)M'drnactly «)00 lnft~lct. J1Ntll10 January until ) April 19-4), a i!Oftl11tr 166) prl· Willert dk-d. tl.e bodltt '"lttt t.ahn rcful.arly to the c:rt'm•tot)' a t DORA by INdc.. The already dcplorabk amdldo"' tt«.tne d1MIIrwt •·hen 80£LKE KASEANE ,...... bolnbcd un thr )rd and 4cll of .\pr'll, &It to tht fact thet It ..... , HK:.ttd t~ear the nll,...d ttll~. H I far ffOIII the alrUdd a1 .NOROIIAUSI!N, •1thout any -rld.n«J•• a prbo«<cri· c.mp •hat~. M.,.y of the un• f~outlolUtc ._...._,"' •-e« \Idled u a rovlt of tbe"k bom\11.._ Tbc ~ SS d«kkd ~tdy to kavt' ...... 1lM! c..ap ,,,., cvawatcd •ill! llk GOrPl'- of t~ utttr1y •u"k to ...,,'"- •ito ~ kft khiiMit •ll.bout loN. ..nlkal •pplkf,, do<th1ltt Of Qr(.
lAc-n'to. ~ al dr:w'C'A o'dodr; oe dtc •otftlllt ol -.: ~,. tl April IM), by tro.p~
Gf ~ c-4 8. mt AriMftd OM.a-. ha u..s.A.-.y. t..cdYtdy, ·~•• ~ -.k to ~k ~t .cdl llvlll!l prbollorn to Bcrttt platts ...S .. '-Y llw 4ced e.n. 1lw CJM
dtt-.._ .., .._. "'r tk Aec:rtc. troops.. an: Wustnted - dw foia...IIIC .. ~
A pole .. •W4 ......_ ...... .,..., , .... ~of - '"" .._ .. n..._. Ito IIOil.k ll I(.UUIMl ~ • ,..._...,.., ... ....................... ~ ... ........ ~-'.,...,... .. ...., .... _._ .. ,_._,.,
II.P-t. t!~ r-ti!Ufetf 0r 11• 1<,.-t,olt•l"'" Ill'~"' ~" ...,.,. '"' ... ~, 101 - .. "' ....... ,. ,,.. .. >A •PII'•klllt. ,..,. ~ ... '1'-t' ........ ff •lw ·~ ... - ..... -~ U-te'"' ·~ 1\or ,.fWoll k " .......... ., .. ,~
Tw. to!~ ....... ~·""' .. .ll>c- ...... ..W ..,. •r.tll'of ~ ,.,. ...,_. Tlw ,., .. ..,. I _,........,.,_ ........... , ............... ........................... ,_~ ..,.,.. ........ ~ ............... llfllijc ................. ~ •• II' ....... •IJA-..-.1111 _ ......
fl\J'.•-h .TJ ... .,...._.....,..... - ,...._ ,_IIC'tlt::f' k-'~'Jl'r .. '""' , .. , ,,_.. .... f"ldot ~~ WI ., "'"' lk .. ~ ....
t-.'1-'~l)llo\ll't'"' ,,., ................ ,,~ ..... t...t 10 ....
,W.. ... -·~• ol• M 111f' 1 .. --. dWII
~"'' fl' N th r ,..,_" Md '"" ioto;lh>\1···-·'" 1111 lldodl'lon 10 ........
.., ~~~~..,., •••IIC'o flol t&to .. ~~t•
I• ...,._,... .. dots.~.........._ • ~ • ._, .,,.,.__ .,.._, .a 4ollloCII - ._. _... ............ ~ ............. ,.,""
•• .,... - ...... - """" .. - ~ ........... - .. ........,.... ..,..r.. ... ....,__,.., ..... ~ .. ua...r.. .......... ~....... .-...,.. ..... ,...,.,.,._ ......... ..,. ... _,
f1f .._ .-c:Wcof .. _....,- •• .._ ... .,__ lr- ........,,
Gn- ....... - .... --.... _......._....... .. ~ ............... fJiw'f"--•~ ..... l;~ ......,__ ....... -.. --- .. ~~ .... . . .......,. ... _~~._ .. ~ • ~ M-. ........ wti~OIIIy•~""'"'"'-,...._""-• ·••••
THE CAilDELECEX .\L\SS.\ Cil ~~
1\ 'IOELL PU."'NED MASS.MURDER 2f Hours before Ubcntioa
-At the: approecb of the AU.Ic4 troops all prbo· Dttt of c:onc:aslr.tton C&mPI IIIIIUI be UquJdatc-:d. In otdu to pt't\'c:nl an)'Ont of tbtm fallint into enemy budt alJve'".
A """-" ....... 0.. ~.--~ -.41 GHu•l ol tiM ss. IU.II\~101 UIXMLfA
A• one of the ruulll of t his order, l(l~n by a ruthleu .,.Una crlmlnol, a tu'flblc crime oc• cur~d the n•ost tnfomoo1 war•c:rtmc committed by the GttiT\IIIUI In du: ln t staic o f the ••or the bumlnlf t~llve of more thsn ll thousand ooncentnallun enn'IJ) prboncu In a barn ntor the tO'olrn of CAil.OI!LI!GP.N.
In the bc:tlnnlnf of April 1.9-lS when the allied annlts • ·ere adval'lelnll; npldly to the Mort o f Germany. the con«ntraUon camp DORA and Ita: out-c.mps were otdt:rtd to evacuate 1.nd to take lJH. prlJonC':tl 10 northern Gc-rm,J~ny, were thin,t.s dld not look qu.ltc •• bad •• Ia the mort thrd• tcncd a.ru of «ntraJ Gumaoy. The orlttlt&al pla.a w:as to drift aJI prltonett In the tunncb. ... 11 them ln. eM C•• th<lft. INc to technical dlfflcu1tka thb kttCiltloD eould not be kCIOmplb~d. On or about ) Aprll1ll camp• sr.ttcd n'llcuadoo.. aM t1"&ftJPPrl,$ of prboacn on foot, on c.ru. ••d by trabl kh w1tho.t e d~fiAit~ dutln~~t.loo. 'fkr were au:ppotltd to fO to LIM: C.C:t 8ERGEN·8ELSEN. NEUENC.A.MME. RA. V£."'lSBRUECK, or ORA.NlE .. I'IlBURG. ju.tt .. It ~ld ~ lftft Rt. J>b.orf•· niu-no. ohttd ff'<lll tlte ft'fY betbmlot due to allkd &1tftl4h 0111 tnbu. brldtu. trleb aAd roed:t. Htrckd prl.ontt'f n:re II!IOVCd bade: atld forth. driven like cattk by rhc adthty SS. 1'be to.,. of WERNIG.EtlOO£ _.., ciultMtM u ooUc::cttae polnt for JtW,.) of fht .aatterft trusport• C)f the unaUer wb<ampt., and IIOn'loC. details C)f the ctmp1 ELLP:ICH and ROTll.E.BF.ROOe. finally Ill ~Um1ttd 2»> X100 prt10ncn Wtte oolleetod. a frut number of which ••• ftofll OOTTLEBE· ROOF- These prU.Onc.u were ktaded Jn t-.-o 5ep1rate t:nlns oontbllnlt .Stotcthcr of X) OJ)Cft ud eloKd frcl-.ht e.tl'l. The train• 1cJt In tbt dlrcetloft r:orth·wst. Procecdln' .Jowly, due to the be· fore mentioned •lrr.lds , they fln•lly a rrived after&e,·c-~ dar• o f miKry In the li ttle towns o f z mNAU 11nd NIHSTR In the Krd t CAROELEGEN. There the t rldct were bombed In front und In the btldc of the t raln1, ..o that they «»uld not l? toc:Ccd an)mo~. ond the priSoner• h1d to match. Tht poor lnm11h:a • ere not ftd durlni the entire t ime of tht tr(UISJ'IOtt except for ..ome bretad and ll •mall et~n of mclll th• t mOll of thciTI reochrcd 11 cvacu1 Uo n 1tarted In t he: cam pt. In the melt!.• Utne s.hoothlll: went on contlru.lously. Guarclt sho t prlsOnen for the mo•r petty offence:•. 11ncl c:vc:ry· body who ••• not able: t o walk o r move fut cnoultb wtl.t killed wtthout ooy ronstdcratlon. A 1)41rt
of the prl.onen from M IESTE were manhcd to GAP:DEL£GEN. a dl.ttuce of 10 mUc:1, ud there taken to u old C.v1by R.cmoutt.t $chooQL
Tboe Amukan troop. weft, It that time:, app.roac:bJnf the .tdnlty of GARDELECP.N. 1bc Ktcb.-lcltc.r of that towe. a typk:al produ~;t of German •rroeaocc aDd. f1nttlca1 Na-.1.._ rooll Htmm.Joer's orde-r word for word and aMOUII«d to hb "'Volbs.tu:rm" Staff h.is lat<:ntloo to ldU all the ptltoocn ln tM Q~ot School. nc ,,., •t rud. or at katt dld DO( 'tOke any ~t or objcdloa.. ~t ns oo II Aprll. the: d.ay dw prboKn 1rrlwd at GAROELEGEN. SoMe ~l111:t offkc:n of
23
sc,·cral German Arrl\y 1nd Luftnffe •nlb s.uttoncd lA ·tbt town entntd Into the plot •htn rhe Krd.slclter m~~~dc: hb lntcntiOft cte.r to !hem, 1nd cky ~ave blm thdr co.JoperlltiOCI. The SS leadef' in (bartc" of tbe ttutport 1bo th«k~d -.cveral times •ith the Krd:t.k:Utt Ia Ot1.kr to ulk thbtii:S ovtt. At flnt tht lntentSoft .-.. to shoot the: ptboocn Ira the Acmoant ~. ~~ ~CCIDf chat thb wu 1'10( .o catUy dooc In the ccat~r of town, tbt murder-dJqvc d.tdd<d to burn the uafortlln· ate pcopk In a bl' balM ,.,t Mulde: dw tOIJii'L 1'hdr hditldoe. Luted 1bout t-.o d.l'*' On Friday, 1) April. ec,... prl.foen-1 ....,.,, the: fnwp were called out by the: SS llld Wed to act uc-r~b of tbdr ftDow·prltoMn• 2S mdl ,-ofunt«rtd. •mont tbcsft tcVCftl Po1c:t. 'llluc: ~ •·<tff put Ia German Arm)' uniform ••d af'IMd .rith riO"- Le.te ill the •fttrnOOft 111 prborlc:n In lht- AdKIUnt School, IPPf'OJ..,.tcly 1~ 1100, •·crc aucmblut., put In trouPt of 100 •nd tMrdlfit off to the ISENSCUN1886 blm out.tldc the t(WM of GA.ROEI..EGE~ The: •ted 1nd Ill people •ho •·co:rc: unable to nlk •'t'.rc: t1kc:n to th~ bairn on horsc:·dra"''" •·a~on.t or tr•ctort. About tOO c~o~ard11 ""e~ prC$Wl, oon•l•lln' of SS, Luh~~oJrfe Soldiers. lAbor· Front Soldiers, Pri.KH'H'-I"VOiuntcc,. Dnd totne Vollcssturm mtJnbert. l11c.11e fu•rd• were later joined by 20 )"OUfl.tl. PiRf~fKrf •ho v,.~rc: ataclofl· ed In GARDEI~RCI~N. All J)thOIItrot bad be-en colkctcd at the b:trn around 7 o'c.lodt Ill the: aha• noon 3.fld "''etc ordc~d to move lnlo If, To ~m~kc them move fastu u P.ratrvo~r fired hiJ rnu· dtlne•t)lttol Into the JttQ41p, klllln)f JC.Vtral pcoplt. The floor o( the b."'nl llo'IIS eovcred with rm•dt .Jirl1w th;•t v.·a.J 1p~od •llh itlt.tolhlt. After •lllht pri:$0ncrs indudlng the old •nd •lck one• were In 1he bl)m the doott -.·crt: tk>Kd and blodcc::d with rock,., An SS acrJtC.tnt ~~ocr!( lntu lilt born throu#h one of tbe doon tutd lit the ttraw with a matc::h. The prisoncn cJIIIntubhcd the fir~. buf tbc SS nnted It •stain only to be P'!t mtt onc::c: mort by tbt prbonc:n with their bare tt.ndJ. Then the bloocllhinty c:rlmiMIJ. ttlrted to throw Nnd·trc::nades. sbootlnf Horu, ~nu.rfauttl and bull· cts tnlo the: bam ldlllntt many pf1jo0ft¢,.. a.nd bithtitl$ the: stn.v •talA. Thl• lime the: •nfortu.-atc:: 'rictlm.t Imide dJd not tu«ecd In punlnf out the rapidly tprcadln$1 fire:.. 11.'1d abnott 1U •croe bum• ed alJV't'..
AU the panb, apedeJJy the SS 1.ttd Pa:n.ttoopo<n. fonDt:d 1 chain around the: Nm with ... d'li~ sott u.p 011 C'lo«J coma to Pf"C""Clllt _, c:sca.pc.. Soaw of dw SS c-rds Mel dot• wtth tJl.cm that drdc:d. fh< ...,,. to hot~t thow •ilo •ould c::YU~tu.alty try to oc.pc. l1w KT'C*miA.f •nd cries (Of' mt'rt1 of tho~ hu..,.ru.. bdn$1 ~td alin:., dJd aot .oftm the c:.Uoua CcnNIM who bad onlf one a!N c•lcrmJM11on1 The fl~ lllttd for .sncrU 'ho.ln. yc:t •*t 14 10 prltoncn manafcd to tt:t Ot.ll of It &JI\'c:, Some duf: holes u.odc:r the doort. JoOme t:IIMM<I the be'"" and hld under the roof, othert -.~-rc: lylnlt ~o~ndcr a pile: of bodks and sUD allv~ t•·o da>·• liter.
After the: fire h•d dlt:d o~o~t, the Krcltltltcr who •·a• pretoeftt •11 the lime ordt.rc:d "'ore jtuolJnc to be sproead over the c.orpKt and to burn them completely. Early thc ne'l:t mornl111t the Volkl· $tunn started dlttttln~ trcndu.~J to bury the: vlc:ttnu In ordt-r to htde lhe crhne from the ldvt;ntlnt Amerlwn •. Sll~htly more tho.n half o r the bodlc• "''ere:. buried whc:ntht town•··· OYcrrun by troops of the t02nd Jnf1n try Olvhlofl at 7 o'clock In th~ evening on S:.rurdoy, l4 At>rll l 9-4S, <lwc:Uy l4 ho1.1n after the crlnlc eonuncnc:<d.
When lnvettlgu.llorl t torted .S7" bodl« were exhumed from the trc::•Kftu and "o42 re•novt-d f«Mt1 the barn. 1016 victim• were counted: of thett, four could be ide:ntlflcd by n.ume, )Ol by nun1ber. and the:: othcr 711 ""ere beyolld ldcnt1fltotlon. Many bodb Jho~~o·c:d tun ... hot wound.t tnd teYctal '9o'erc found ju1t outslde the bam wt:re dM:y had been shot :~.ftu their cseap~. AU were burled In • •pedal Miltta.ry Ctmttery, 1nd.lftcr that wu complc:tW.. Rdllttous ud Nlllttry Scrvku Wt"J"C held on 2:5 AprU 19U ln the aftemoM.
The Yiditlat of chb mauacf'C of NuJ<Gennll.ft rc.lc:ntks.snus nrc R~o~.Mian. PoiiJ.h. Fret\ICh .. Ne· tMrlaodJ.. 8c:(IAn, H.,npn.n, Ca.c:ch. Gredt:, Uthuulaa lAd. a fC'W' German ,oiUbl pri.toOfte"n; •ItO maoy l>rboncn of Wu of varlou.t Mt-.Udn were amont thao.
Tbt: fot~ P"tu .til tMw tome pktw'c:s of thcc:ood.ltSoDf u found by ln«ttltatloa of this terrlbk 'Qr-crt.w.
"~~. m• rrcd ~-!7 !'t!:!!~ ;:~~i't:·o::::~ ~vr:~'!;"~~ ~~OH"Fi~&~' ec- Rd<~~". It lit •-•mc-4 dlat dt(IIO: bo.:>dlef •.-.t tlw •Ide, ~ •nd di.IC'fl)' prlw.wn ...-I!IQ WC!~ t•ki!Jl 10 lbct ~,. M ~"Q~t;r11, •nd ~"' -.,c •bloc! 1..., jlet up nd flflll 1:hc 0~ <:>t uy '" ~ OUl. Tbe. ,.:>ull~t •~'~d nl\'lllfc'r OIWJ. &I 11M!b dapt~U ••
o , , • • o • ttkd "-'> ra111 lhe ib.ln a nd .$'11~cd I• .,.l't, 1>111 t~ SS.. \'o~i:Mcu"' ~r.ll ..,.,pcn _. Hitler Y~Molh,
a .... e<l with. pb~,., rt:fks, - d!*'-t"" .. t.a....t.tr-a••· IIA"-"•IU(t (IMoiNiiu) "'" a.uh"c<'' br •••tacd d.;Jjt., lllr~ d>e plly e.l 41 a11d - and -d ~n 1:'~)' 1r1» 1~ a. !he dooo o,.,"'*lt-
0...: r••- dull • llo.'4c ..-de• tho: dWc ..illr t.l• heno;b, 110t hll ~4. ~ ao4 anM th~ 11. b11• •11• killed In that p.»IIIM (- ... we• ~fl PI'" of lh .. f'l(:tllf'C a" d d~ ca-up (lll rbe nt:ol s-fC'),
32
A.U«)ST FREE. CW. ..........,., ~ .,........,. • e.~.l•b._....ulok "-~ • ftoJ ..... .., ._ o; ltleJ..~ ..... a.40... ........ ..,ct.~-.
... . '
• Allot~ l2le indQrriMble ---r<kf, llw \'oQ:NI,.fll'l bvrri!Niy .t.$ .OO'nCI~ to I~ II ,...-1 ol1hoe ~ ... \l\.
• n..t ~all ,..ftb • b ll o! liololl. 1'l!w:a !heM' '1wtoett• fl.., bdorc: tlw ~ptl)fldli~ Ametl- JO«U. A.fl\'r tho) c:rllll(l heel heal do:llccl\'ol, ''- "-bn. eo- oomtnan<k~ <'>rdcrocd dx :Slid d~llii'M o4 ~l)eu!GI!N -
t~l•llr tiMe ·~•111•7 - - tO) ~port to ..._ ~ ttt.t- 10 o'- t~ ~ lmm , , • • , •
::.: t.\'11~ • Dod had l'bc!ll'l Mry tbr. wkcl- <kfffllly r:. 1~ h•••co,lbtc; ~~itly or t:.: b.a.~. A'l ''-'' "'<~' ~.' undct Jf~ct lupn"''hl:o.l,
:w~ dot Ndlo •re bd!'lf Wlc::t~. lllltd up br ~:c Wlen I lcati.>. .. , .:ad thin burl~ • , , , •
MILITARY GOVf.RNMHNT COURT
CIIARGll SIIF.E1'
NANES OF THE ACCUSED:
Ardwr Andrae E*-rd o,._, Otto ('i.coorf WCT1Kl'" sm--. Emil Otto BM:hrlnf Htln& Geort A tfM4 Dt.e-u. )oo<IF-Kurt Hdarieh OJCO<C....H<Iblf Rvdoll J..olo< Jotd Kl1lon
O.dl:au, Ccrmany
tl July 1~7
c.... wm .... K...,f PauiMobdodo Ha.ur-t~toer
c.o._ JohaM<• Rld<h<y 11clnridl Sct-ldl Wllhdm S..O. ll'allc::r UUntd\t Rkhlrd \\akllt:a Willi Z•k'na'
and Qrioout other penons arc bc~y ct..rtt'd •lth 1hc foUo.-tnt offca..u:
CHARGE: Vklllltk)n ol tM lAwt and U•ltf:• of War,
Pa.rtlculan: ln (hat Arthur Andr•e. Erhard Brauny, Ouo Wrf WC"mcr 8J'ttl1c:m.ann. Emil Otto &clutnt. Hdnr Gt:Orf Alfred Ottm.cn.. )f>'tf Fu~~~. Kun llclnl'l<h. Otcar Geort Hdblf, Rudolf Jarohl. Jo~d Klllan., Geort Wilhelm Kocnlt. Pu11l M11lid1dn, lltronl M oe.er, ~rC Johann« Rkkhcy, 1-fdnriJ• Schm.ldt. W1Jhdn1 Simon. Woller Ulbrkht, Rldlard WDieftta, Wllll b1C~~tr, a nd dh~nothcr pc:raoo_f, ~nnan notklnab or pcr.onue11ntf •llh G('tlft.ln natio nals. during various pertodt bet-·een t he 1st o f J unc, 190, o.nd lhc tchot M•)'.l945,•t orin the vldnlty of Nordh.ausen.~rmor:ny, •ctlnJ! In pui"'Uanet of • con·unOtl dnllln to oomn~ll lh<' •<:ttl hctcln.ftu • lleted. did, wrong~ fu lly enc:ourag.t, ald. abet •nd p•rtldpJIIe It~, the UJ•tnllon of Nordhaustn Conoe:nlration Camp. ai.Jo known as Oora Labor Con1p nnd •• MUtclbau CMc~nlrntkm Camp. ond 111 subcamps • n'd out•dtlalb. whl.m opcro.UCJn 111eluded the wron)l ful f.\lb)~dlon of dtb.cn.s o f the United Sta les of America, ~In, Frcndtmeo. clllz.c:n• of llw: Gnnd 0\1dly ~f t~u.xen1bourg, No,.oeflanJ. Brlt1sh sub)eciS. Grt:~k .. YuJ!o.l• ws, cllbcnl o f the Soviet llnlofl, Belgians. clth:ens of the Nc:lhc:tlands, llt1ltcleu persone, C.lc:chs. and other non•Ccrena,n 11111lon•t• 'llho 'll'trt: lhen ond there In the cus.lody o f the then Gcrm:1n ncld1, ond m~•nbt•n qf t he otmcd forc:u <Jf nlltiOnt thc:n at w111r wUh the then Cem\an Rekh •·ho ' 'ere then om d there~ llltftlldned and t.~ n•mled ptbonc:rt of wn In I he cus• tody of the then German R.c~. to klllhlll•· ~nllnJttl, h'lrturet, atarvadoo, o.bu.tcl . and l ndl~nltl«., the exact names o.nd. numbers of tum ~IU bclnjl unkt1oW'11 lKic llf$1rdatln$1; m:~ny thou.Mnds..
OfFICE~ PRP.FP.RRINC CIIARCES•
In ... A AI) DOIIfATY lt C.l AGO
TI IJ·: \ C C l S I•: I>
1. ANDRAE. Arthur t\urt Born: 21 J.anuar}' 1900 ~ptlti<Jft: Mercha.nt-anplo)«
Mol~~..,-~;
!>h.nt. ~ April tft) .\pril t94) Oc!..t>rt ,.,.., Ckl~ 1tn - AJ'Iril nn .\pril , .. ., "bv tt41
'Tlolt ckt--e lo -c:c-tccl • I •
SS ~b•tt>r $cTfeant (SS llauptxharlwhi"Cf)
Nul P.rty ftklftbd 19)4 ... , SS lntll'lbcUi!KC 1 9'J7 SA lft(mbcr 19')1 19'>S
H.ll ctfoR •• S' ,,...,, .... , ... ,.. • CC' l'l(\.'o.SJ "~UtAC ~ ... ('(' ,.., .. ( !'wflwt ..... 1,.._ el CW H•lll ... fW fer .,m.- .. C.C DOAA ,..,....., ., • f.P•t~~t ·-..
l. ~~ tiW ~blot W.4 ilf lhr ,.,...._.,. ._...14111~ loot li()~A .......,.,_, .... d orn-t•IIC • .,Pt>• .. --......, f)rd c.- Mod <>e~• J'Mbtu IUI1nt ~b~tJy t~ tile '"WoOIIc'" et OOAA •lid Itt ~ . .,...,,.. - roa.bN oM _,.Itt-. ~clod -.d dlltlli"''! Oft~:n o..~tr tlw ""'"'' tlltt..•n ••• 1lotll~ lktwwt. l'f'!lll'lptt I« tkUW'f) 111 f11tl - •h••rt ~r.,.C.
2, !Z.;l:;.""'t~l:l~:!'~· Ullllll!l 111(1 d'"•lh "' oVII.,IlHI 'lll!lllf• ..,. lo.f'f'J'Ifltl lnvef.,.W. """'- dolhlllll •lid -.llall
), l nd¥1tll~l! In wfl 0f J'("....-1 Mill- ... ol ... ,..~,_,. ttmu .. _,_.<'
0.' Y(IO! ~~- th.-t ,..lf:fh •er~ rii.W • ..., ~ 11011 .\ : ~. I did 1104 ln10w t!wc.
(),: l)q,....... lflo('IIOiq t('LI -yo. d ... n t ·- lh•t t)llnlfJ """ tdotlt ~~of tlw f'tl•)llt .... pedot((•1 A.: ~I Md "''t ~110'"' fh11
0.: So r~ ...-ly ~~ 1'* hen~ w.!ft ~~ kklll;t.ll:lte fl'l-•, I• , ... , tlth•1 A.: v'" .. Q., Whet .,... in r~ ,.d!;~1 A,.; 1 "-tkiWIW
Q.• Yo. ncou • • the,,...., • lh:<ll C... ,.a...-1 A.: No. •c-- _,lo<wc4 10 VSIU ,.ru.ttt-
' 5.. _,_, .U.i)QAt;.. ... - •IJol .,.....rwll Md ..,pcNI.wd fhc pllkdlot,
"
2. SIL\U}.'\', E.t..NI RI<Nnl Bom: 17 Octob« 191) Ort:alpatloD: l)y(:-r
Avfulll .,._, \~ '"' ~,.,: ,,., 1\~ .... . N~ IMt A,,., ... ~ ~ .-.,..;, ltd 1) .\poll ,,..,
ss MUlCT St-~t ( SS ltau:pt.tcN-rfV<'hrff)
t-tukr YCMJth crwmOa IOlO J9)l Na.rl Par1y manMr 19)'2 l9U SS ~r t.lnet 11))1
...... _... ( C fR.I()IIMI AU'I (..._._.., ._... et T......, Uf .. , ., ... _..,;If (.._C flU,
ou '•"•·n (-· ~ 4of .UOU ...... ALb P" _....,.. If Caoi<otw R.,_ ._ .. _., ..,., _. ...... ~ •• ec t)ORA ~~ •f .............. ROnt.UERODI! 1 ~'~' ef ,._ _...._• «_._ .... ,,_ ROTTI.l':BI!It()Df: .. OA.J;tl)l;u.C.t.N
I 1• hh dp.d y •• 1 )11~'1 , b&r'<l , 111'11 .. ~rio tkr..tl I•••• lA Ut'QA, ,,,.~lily 1> ... 111111 uod ll'll•tf'll'-'t ..., ft>J.,.. .. to oa -- .,.,. •• ..,., ......... .., .... If flo.! ..... (If. __ .... ol1'f"'ll'' ..
1. A~ C'C!ftiiMtlet o:lol ,,,. .,.b.._"', IK-'fTi l.J!I IKll'lt., hfot•t .......,...,.,...,.,,., tlw lwet~ •l~tdl>nt. l.llll;s;t aMI ..t•rvt~>t 1-o dte~t. or ,...., r,, ... ~,.. '" ho, c.•"
), lodu.Jtlotf In acto "'' ~,_1 Md1Jtll ,,._..,._. 111-kt 111 IM'Inl I Ill Q(IC)tt t. &tl~lt pu ly , .. -~-,.., IMt. •o- lhf bllnht 1!1"' 1.1f IOIIIH' 11>1111 1 ,......,..,.,4 f"l'""'w .. In • h11r o ••~•• C\'Ul[LCGD-: s. 1<11\h•ll p,~. •• l'l "'''
0.: l)w.tlflll lh= !heft 11111J 11 h•lf ytll<' ,..._- 111 '"J(.liiiN'ft'AII). .tid )ilU 11,,, 11&1 II prlolool'lt'l't A.: 1<.4. 0,: Uu1hlll: dw. ll-,...... •f'..- '" 1101A •IWI IK)nl llJIIIU\nl tJ!ot t<"" ,.,..., lilr 11 rrl,.._-r'l A,: 1 -rdnl t11111t • toau._.. I ...-,. hu" . .. -...~ -.'IM14>011r .. fiP ~u 0,! c-t thac ~~~ 11111.1 ltU a11 ..,o,'fti\-'OC It• !!Woof' -flh ho.- .,_, p.I ... IWIII d~td Ill ).;>;II aiiJIII' !Mt•~o 19 M.'lfdl
nol'l2 P.b.o.ft UtJ A. 1'\llltl«n, 0,: Nl-c1oten dkd In"""' .. ,,._ YO!! Mill MY por_....t• lll r- UIIIP \lloro,l 111 • nlc el 1- ..t !llttoe ~~ .. ,,., .. , A.· I -lOOt •1 tt..t r:uttly
o. Old he Ito ... 1 ... 1 ~~,. 11 •u ._,,... w. un ,,. pn-•• ,,. • .,to tft'CI ,..._., A,: He ..£d thou 111.0.
~: r:...c:: .. ~~ ~::'-'~:"! ~::-;.'·~~~ ';'~ ".::~~~~ .. w ,, _.,.""' ""', ... ,. ~ ... ,M ..... ,.._,.
l. BRL"K.'1AN:."'l. Ouo Ceorf 11 ~rwr Bot.: ) lulv 1910 Occupation: Sookoindcr
~s.m-:
~ ,.,. St,M.W. .... ~ .... ,__, l9t4
,_,. tM4-~ ""' ~· .. •--'!'ril l~
ss ~, ... ,,~ ~rfcatlt ~~ Haupltd.adUoC"htct)
Nad Part) t~~on~~~bcr 1911 19d .SS t~~mtkr ti.ft« 19)2
~~~ ~.-<.:c.. t~uuno..;•,ull J.kll •If~ 111 ((,.' 'fUIM0.\"1"11 .._ .. _. ~ •• CC:.. OOIU. ~lore C.ollld) C...~ .. ~_, [LlRtCU.
l I• lloio o....,.l) •• roll..catl ~' I• IK,lllA ...... ttblf ... ....,, ..t W'r"'•t. bhllnlf . .,,,._. ........ t~~W~•11111 <of ... "" .. Mn. lhu• <10Uu.t ( ... dulh ol ""--• ,_,.,.,.
2. I• hb dlplodf'l .. ,...,.~h~ C•••<>lly t:..p 1ft..,. I• •~ob-u_, t.&.l Q ICII, llf<lfllf ... .,....,,,.,,, ,.., tlw .. ~..- Q<J"' ••lk>l> <ol Wo _, ... l<od..1jl .. 1'1 ,oro...-1 ••"~• tof _,,,. tlll~lif'•IIMI> .,ht"' •llfl•t 111-tn.
). l'!lll"lt o.l JW'~••
0.! Who .... ,\ot!l.f lSCIII/'1MEt'l;l
"': ~~~ "''' ~r-.e'~' •• ''"' ~P 0 .. Would )"'l'U uy lw ••• • ..._~JI mal! r
A.l "" '"'•'"'- k ••• --· .... ~· 0. I •anti~ trll,..... of • tlai(IR('flt that Lrto,h I' RAt II: a •I A1tlout ~IIHHI;;(,;I( t>Po!~ -· ~·ou. ll•upttt.fl.,loM'bott
IIPISKMAXS. ~a llllo ..... _,t_..t ''""""' 1\l ,..,,..,,,, ,-.,. O('f\)!U~t ,Jil a .<14 ma01 a....t al~>·••~rdt nllftl k>r ult ....t J'I"PI>et .... tl..-llo f.,..,.r,l I~ otl04r"l M ''h' t lt\f; f('olluh INifl ,._, tt.·•oUuno u.d f'llf !he•"
A.: Yu.l dlot.
<l.• )'o. ,.'11011 •""" .. .,. ..,, be .. ""tt; <llht .. ...,. ..,r -liM! f>l k•tlflilol
A., So. I ~~ kol'lf o~ ''"""' 0.• Tdl !~!of:"""'-' tile q, "' OORA o..l ,_ ('Wr "'" ..,1 .._, •11~1! .. ,_,, •t POAAt
"''~
<. BUEHIUNC, fAll Otto Born: 19 ,Xptembn 1902 Occuparloft: Fa1'1Mt'
1lola .,_.._. Ill MCJNotCI .. 1
SS Scaff Sufcut ( SS Schufwc:hrer)
Nut r>.,rty tuatbu tm 190 SA ~be-r J.it111X 19:n
s..-111) ...... 1111 I)()A;A _. NtfDERSACUS• EJU'L~ O...tr _.....~so ... ea..,.~ ...... lk
........ O<>ttA. c;...,4 - , .. _ , __ .,._ ., • ...,...... ,_ OORA
.. Ro\V[KiaJtUI.CI(.
I , P.l1dPIIion .. eo.U"'- dlltol ... _ ,...,. tl11 ... lnWt"'t•~ of f!tl~n 1 .. lk ~ llf I)()QA.
1,. 8ratl"'t. Mbftwollllf ..... 10f1Wiflt ""..,...,., _,. li-t ~ ... llldf' .......
). KiilllaJ,..S-.
0 .1 I low ~11'11 .,....., )\I¥ In ,._ 1- \:1',1
A. l f~u;endy,
Q,: Old. )'0<1 _, tn l(.r~c ,.,,_.,.1 A.1 I ~\eel .omelt...,.o Qoot ••I (ll rt.~•ICJ.
Q.: 014 ~ n<!r M\C SS·~fl lof•t priwoo~u'l A.: )'n,. tnokle tlloe ...... ):; ...
0.1 ..,. '-' f"'*'-" tnoWe tlw -... .. lou?
A.t SANOf.A. Ill' oUrl •It"
0.: ' 'ho W.t rn-.. ~ SANOfJU A. l 'ftt,wl.,_... bo.-
0.: Oid ,_ _, ~ IJM;I ~ lllftt pn-r• Ia I)()U.A or Nll.O£QSA01s-'EQI f.N1
A.: Al.e -
..
). D£TNEilS. Hdo• C.,ft Allml Born: 10 April 1"1) Octupt~tioa: Me~nt an~
.,....,. Senia ..
~.., o-r....•• ~._ ...... ~..., ,.~ ,.., " ...... ..., A..,.N 'M ~ t9H ~1t0-N~Itu
s...-.,._.. tOoH "'"'' 19U
SS flnt l.la.tnant (SS Obc:ntumfu.:b~r)
Hiller Y~th ~ou 1972 19)6 SS ~MMCI<r Nncc 19J6 Na~l Put,. member slncJco: 19)1
~ • ._.. .. $.\ t..,.._ uo lout-. kfooklt" .. C.C. OAOi AU. u. '--t";e OCt~ ~...., .... c.-. c-...... - ss _., ..... ·-....,....... • • M ~ItO lk•tla. tt_... .. , om- e..t l tf tl OUkw .. C.C. OOMA. C...'"""" et llt.D~IIAUCK. • ~ ... .t C.C l't.OS.SL'· tUt.i(',.
Oil 111- I'M7 ~ b, M A-rk.M .... c ..... c...,n '* 1\,._,.. l•l'f••-"' 1- hk ~ •C.C OACHAll
Thia ddc-~ iJ. ect'IIKI& of:
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6. FUCHS!.OCH, J-l Bom: 19March 18tJr6 Ou:up.~Oo.-;: Brtddat<-r
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Nad Part)' .nebcr 19)8 194.S SA ll'ldDbcr 19)1 19)4
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Quot•._. f.- • l•ttnoftl._ ctl I'UCUSL()CII,
0.: :;,~ ~·,~·;,. dlt•Je of thee tlo~~~·• '-IIAlt7.U.NOilN' ,\,.; )'~ 1 wu •ed11t " oltfi'ot'Y (lmtt g,)ll'llll•~~ " '"'" 1M OC'f'lm"'""' ••• tbt<lll, .ad •• t~odl. I h.ad 10 tf!t'e or~h:rt
GO blodl•l~r._
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7. HEINRICH. Kurt Rkh.rd Bote: 2) May 1911 Ooc.patto.: '«'eavt:r11J4JU&AI --~ "" ...,.,_.,. J90 t._,.,. 190 ~ t'HJ
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Th~ .~e. ...... b _,. olt
SS Flnt Lkvt~l ( SS ObtntunDfuehrcr)
Nad Party JM"m.'MT 19)2 190 SS ~kr Jlllltt 19))
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I . .At ~(lr91r.-f Offt«t M O()QA, bt•!tf ~otlollt k>t tN lllol1,.... _.ttl 111 eUr,.l ..... ··-~~ .cu ~..cl to, t!W' c.., ea.~.
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0,: nw you nn - •nr <kii.S p«ople .c I>ODA 1 A.: No. 0.: At no) tiMe...-.. It ~lbk ~Me 1 I.III'H fl('l- ly .. ,._, lfl ()()DAI A.! No. Q.: Old yo.~~ f¥0" "'-" t~ C:<(:IUIOftllm 11 OOit\ I A,; No. (l,, ()q. ,oou ~~- U thctc •M • ...,.,_.-'0•1- 11 I>OIM'I A.: s... 0.~ AMI-.,..._,._ the ,11,-llcal ·~ _., t"or P'""""'"' l'hlt JYU dW - 1 A,.; Tllq loo.'lliecl weU ~~ I ~ .._. ct.rillf thotl 1t.t tiM: tooct •u <II"•" too4,
S. HELBIG, Otbr Cto.., Bot.: ) January 191) Occupatklt!i: !'-letai·•Mkcr _ ....... ~ "" ('lor..., • .,.., ~..,.. "...., . .,.. Aoos-tM) ~Ml ~~'H~ ~I'M4 ~19+4 ~, ..... Dee-M ,,.. - ~ ,._~ A,.W 19H M•r tt4'\
nit lkt~No&.l ... •-* .. ;
SS T <d> S..,...t (SS OO.nd>o..t.<h.u)
SS me!Dber "l.u 19'>) Nad Party ~btr 19Ji 19.&.5
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0.1 Old )'1"111 (Jilt- - •ny o,kto,l tlodlu .. I)()UA I A.1 Yt .. - •Jetr 1 ,,.~tl from Alf'l¢11WI17. hell tnklo.l
0.: 1• ~~ -' .. • hllw _.,.. d,.d bodlu olld r<"• - •• llOIM I A.; I _..o:t ... anr .. II k!c~Wa fMM IIO~A.
().: f>hS )'110< ·••Ill: •I"'OIM rhe tllftf' In I)()IM wlfh • fllolllt4101cl ~• ~' qt•l A.:~
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0. • U ,_ 414 _, kaltWo fl<'l-, • W. ,.,._ 4>4 ,_ .._, 1 "-' I ~ M•t _,. ,..._
9. JACOBI. lludoll £qld A-d Bor.: 1t Jaly 1910 Occv~Hoo: Ca.rpc:atn-
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SS ~ 1lnc~t 19}) 'OuJ Plt1J llk"ltlbcT 19)) 19-f}
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0,: Whit (•n )'Ool kll Me ab.:'<fl polonntn br'lflt llfttC'II err •ul1"1"'•'td •hi~ 1,111 llltt lki•ll"l A..; f .-.n- ttU )'0<1 ~ety tflulfl •11(1111 {1\tt •ln.,. I ••• •"•1 'ur crltno tiH!Idlln"• lor MAt.,., Q,: Whtt~ ~ •'CI\I the~~e:1
A.: 1 c- A'lllt'mbfr 1b.1 Clft&.)no:ta •o:~ h(o.o,ltn.t ea;il trlhtr,
0 .: f'ot wllar w~f"CI thorw ~...edt A.: Aa II""~ dofo, 0 .1 Dkl ~ f:'Wr ~ M ~·· .-.,'"""' '*"t• bl!lltt er •nado-1_, r••-••t A. N,). l haM lltftf - Of" ...,..,.. aayi'*'t
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-mr prioontn - be•,_ A.: I """"" ran:..d to _, $.10 ~·- •'-- t"-t.
10. KILIAN, JOM:I Borft: 17 ju.oe 1910 Occvpo~~tkrn: S.k..lh•·
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2. :.':.. •kl~tl .... eed .......,. ... ldt.w '-.._• ~,_,. .. lk•th, l11 tlw Cnc11po loll~ -t OOUA.
0.0 •flolo t t- • !.t•~•o .. of KIUA.N
O.• Ki1:1AN:;.,;.; ~;"' ~~ ._._ .. I• -P OOIM, •'" you 110111 A,_; )'ca.
Q.: i-~ ·.:..;,.~ ·~j.j ~ h11111 In lftU A 1 0.CC !l~oe- llfly wod 011«' tbll't~·fll'f' I ~·r tool! II"J' ~,. •11 ... 1 I~ tft,..1U"> IQo I~ •bit WC'I* ._..,ford,
' btr1 thtrc '"'"' pl-enty •lthwl .-.n• •1'18 th111 "'"" .....,.. I ""' et"1UIIf ,- t ilt hall 11'\JIIt.
q, w .. ~t theft -..,- •W>t• ..,,, .. .,., orlkn1 A.: Yu, ttldo!)' "'"" lwnt •It~! erlkr• lht'-11 the .. tilt fit - .,....,. ••Y· 0.! 7fbo dW rlu lttntl"''l' ,._.. I~ f'l•,_,. •1111()111 or.lor••" A.l I d.l not •11\J•• I cliO IIOitfC wt. 'Thq 4'•f'n 11001" IIIC\IIk
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0.: l)fd ·~ ""'_.. tl911f' ........ lk ...... "' ... fllillelt ·-~ W.1 A.: ~11 tlwJ dic4 .. u..- •- or tliorft .....,tHo...._ .. I •lw-•r• ~ - ., ~ tilt' - • ..,.. ..In .,.~
011 1M ... ,){ ._ ne4, 1loo.1 - .. 11 • •ll<t II HO\!IIIIIIIY kl._ •INf:tloed - .._,
.. KIUAN ... IOoJ4, tol.t tllie h'altl tboal - .,.....,_
11. KO£NIC. C..,. 'll'llhdm Born: 2i April 1911 Ocxv~tion: Ooth·WorW
Hili!.., Scn-:C.C'
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Mar toO A1tfRf ttn ~ 1"')-AprlltMJ
Aprtii'M N.,. ~
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SS 1'-t&nrr Strfellnt CSS Haupt.teharfvduu)
Na.tl Party ~DnDb« 19)) 190 ss fn(tDbcT .~nee 19))
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2. ~1111 t.no•I!Of .... ODh~~ ol --~~Itt .... ,..h(>roilolloln. ). 1\llUnt b~u •114 Pn~•• l'>l ""••
Q,, Whtt 4id tht ptl-• ko)( !n.c In OUUAJ A.: '4'dl (W. •til -~~-..._ 0,: Uhf ,..... II"« I>C't 11n,y Jlfl~wn-• •llo,) Wtl'l! bettt• • OOIM l A.: N:a. I "("" •w •ny r•l""~" <oho •er~ lK•ltn an OOAA, It ••• •t•lctly ffl•btdlk• 1,:, bee.l ltrl.,ntr•. 0.. ()lt.l )'(>01 M "" SS -" ""~Y .u llotllc•• f A. I )'c .. ~eflnUtl)'.
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"""'"''That ........ 0,: Sq ~.,.body h IJ'Intl ta.l )'01101 01 .. ,..,.. t¥C'f' he-» ol M)' '-''"ll• I• OOQA l A.• So. I ac~r •• Ot' '-•d ~ any e.utt..p. 0.: OW ).0.0 hc'!lt ~I ..,,. klll""'' .. OODA t A..~
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12. ~ISCHEIN, Pa~&l lfdnric'h Bom: 6 }UJK 1912 OccuPI-tkwl; &kcr _ ....... ~ ,_, A.,_ ''" Mfal ... ~~) AJH1& ,.., ~ 190
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S2
1). MOESED. lhnt Karl Bora: 1 April uns Occupatloft: !'-letdlant
H;lli~ llcnOocc
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N•d f'.rty motM.Dn' 19'» 10.S SS mca~bc:r ski« 19)1
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14. RICKHEY. W~ Jobllt~IU Bon: 29 A•~ 1"118 Oeaa~>tl.klo: Dr. £ntlft(:cr
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17, ULD~•CtiT, Walter Kar-l Born: 28 1t.~ly l!I!W Ot-a~ Pillion 1 6ooll k~1~ r
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TIH: Til l II, 10\IIXI STB ITIO\
CLIO E. STRA ICHT I.LC.O. )AGJ>
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LEO M. COOOMAN UA'W'O. ~
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FllANK SILLIMAN ld. fltUI.AOI:c:LPHIA, s•A.
)OSioPH W. BENSON, I.Q$ AN(;t;l.~ CAl,.
CLAUDe 0. BURCH. P~tttASauJtG. nm
DAVID H. THOMAS. F.AST PAL£STJ~'£. 0010
ROY J. HERTE. nOQ,\L PARlt. NEW )'OQtr;
LOUIS S. TRACY. tlA.RTJ'IOClD. co. .... ,
WAIUlEN M. VA~'DERBURGH. ~MASS.
LEON 8. POULLADA M•)clo: t:..'C
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PAUL D. STRADER i•· C.fiC, Ji\G()
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POSTSCRIPT
'nil• _..., ._ .~ "" M• WILLIA."t J. AAL.~ w._, ~· o.tliu ........ -- el tllot ~-· .v.,, Wtot ~ ... W'w C...._,.._..,...._ T-ol eliot flnt A_,_.,,..,, ...... \ ........ .,.. .... tool< die ~ of - .. flw -
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1. BRAUNY, E.toonl Flodiof Sc:r~tcooe
). BRINKMANN. Otto Flodlnt ~ntmcc
• . BUEHR INC, £mil Ftndint Stntc:ncc:
'· 0£,.1ERS. lfclnt t='iodlnt Stntc.nce
6. HICHSI.OCII, }ot<f findln~ Stnlo.ee
1. 1161Nn ICII. K11tC l:lndlnst ~ntcr~ee
8. HP.l.BIG. OtkAr Finding $c:nltJICC
9. JACOBI, P:udolf FlndJ~ Sentence
JO. KILIAN. }OM, f in dint St.nt tt~elt
II. KOENIC, C.....i tlodlnt Scntcoc:c
12. MAISCHEIN. Pa.11l Flndinf: S..t.-
0. MOESER, 1'-'• - S<nt.-
14. lliCKIIEY. C..rt Flnd.int S..c.-
t.S. SCHMIDT. lldartdl FlodJAf Scntcme
16. SIHON. Wllh<lm Findin- St:ntcnc.:
J'1. ULBniCHT, W•hcr f lndltlfl St:ntmcr.
18.. WALENTA. Uld tard Findln~ St.ntenoe
19. ZWIBNlUt Willi f'tndlng Sentence
D~te: D•tc:
CONTENTS
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NTHto> ., • fUOULOCH .. ' ttf:J,'"Q:tQt ., • tta.aki .. • 140011 .. .. •m·"' ., " KOf:"- IJG " " HAbOtfJl\ " " HOESf.R " .. AICKURY ... " SQIMII)T " •• S!MO.~ .. " UUIA1Ctl1' " " WAU\NTA " " twn:NI'A ..
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