8/8/2019 Tinh Hinh Nguon Von ODA Tai Viet Nam Tu 1993

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tinh hinh nguon von ODA tai Viet Nam tu 1993-2009

Tuesday, 12. May 2009, 15:27

ODA

I) Khi nim v cch hiu s lc v ngun vn H tr pht trinchnh thc hay c bit n vi cm t vit tt ODA (OfficialDevelopment Assistance) ODA mt hnh thc u t nc ngoi. Gi l H tr bi vcc khon u t ny thng l cc khon cho vay khng li sut hoc li sut thp vi thi gianvay di. i khi cn gi l vin tr. Gi l Pht trin v mc tiu danh ngha ca cc khon u tny l pht trin kinh t v nng cao phc li nc c u t. Gi l Chnh thc, v n thngl cho Nh nc vay. Vn ODA c phn b theo d n, chnh ph nhn vin tr ln danh schcc lnh vc ku gi vn vin tr pht trin, hng nm chnh ph hp vi nh ti tr (hi ngh tvn cc nh ti tr) ku gi ti tr, cc nh ti tr s xc nh lnh vc cn vin tr, xy dng dn v ti tr theo d n.

Mt vi iu kin ch yu mt ngun vn c tha nhn l vn ODA.- ) Li sut thp (di 3%, trung bnh t 1-2%/nm)- ) Thi gian cho vay cng nh thi gian n hn di (25-40 nm mi phi hon tr v thi gian nhn 8-10 nm)- ) Trong ngun vn ODA lun c mt phn vin tr khng hon li, thp nht l 25% ca tng svn ODA.Khi nim c trch ti ngunhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/III) Tnh hnh tip nhn ODA ca Vit Nam t 1993 => nayNm 1993 c ly lm mc k tngy Vit Nam bt u tip nhn ngun vin tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA) t cc nh ti tr song

phng, a phng cng nh cc t chc phi chnh ph. a phn vn vay ODA u i u dngcho cng cuc xo i gim ngho, pht trin nng nghip nng thn, giao thng vn ti v thng

tin lin lc. Hin nay, ngn hng th gii l c quan vin tr a phng ln nht, Nht Bn l qucgia vin tr song phng ln nht cho Vit Nam. Xt v vin tr khng hon li th Php l lnnht v an Mch l th nh. Ngoi ra theo s liu n nm 2008 , hin c trn 50 Nh ti tr song

phng v a phng cung cp ngun H tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA) cho Vit Nam vimc cam kt nm sau cao hn nm trc tng cng trn 42 t USD.Cc ngnh ngh c hng ODA nhiu nht VN l cc ngnh thuc h tng: Giao thng, th,nc sch v mi trng; thuc lnh vc xo i gim ngho, thuc lnh vc pht trin con ngi (yt/ gio dc), nng nghip (thu sn). Vn ODA c nhng ng gp quan trng trong xa igim ngho v hin i ha nng nghip nng thn ti Vit Nam. in hnh nh sau t l h ngho gim t mc 58% vo nm 1983 xung cn 37% nm 1998; 28,9% nm 2002 v c di 10%nm 2004. Kt qu ny cho thy Vit Nam vt mc tiu pht trin thin nin k (MDGs) mnc ta cam kt vi th gii.( s liu ngunhttp://www.thanhtra.gov.vn/PortletBlank.aspx/)Ta c s liu v tnh hnh cam kt ODA v thc hin ODA ca nc ta t nm 1993- nay (n v:t usd)

Nm 1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08Cam kt 1.81 1.94 2.26 2.43 2.4 2.2 2.21 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.83 3.44 3.44 3.75 4.5 5.426Thc hin 0.41 0.73 0.74 0.9 1 1.24 1.35 1.65 1.5 1.53 1.42 1.65 1.853 1.8 2 2.2%THin 22.8 37.4 32.6 37 41.7 56.5 61 68.8 62.5 61.1 50.2 48 53.9 48 44.44 40.55% tg vn CKt 6.7 16.49 7.52 -1.2 -8.3 -0.5 8.5 0 4.2 13.2 21.55 0 9.01 20 20.58

Qua bng trn ta nhn thy tc tng trng kh nng thu ht vn ODA ca nc ta tng vi tc kh nhanh v n nh trong sut giai on t 1993- 2008 mc d c mt giai on ngn tngtrng m nhng giai on ny trng vi cuc khng hong kinh t c bit l s mt gi ca ngyn Nht m Nht l nc ti tr ODA ln nht ca Vit Nam nn c th chp nhn c. Cn litrong sut qu trnh t 93- 03 l mc tng trng n nh trn di 8% c bit tng cao vo giai

http://my.opera.com/anhdeunhunganhyeuem/blog/index.dml/tag/ODAhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/http://vi.wikipedia.org/http://www.thanhtra.gov.vn/PortletBlank.aspx/)http://www.thanhtra.gov.vn/PortletBlank.aspx/)http://vi.wikipedia.org/http://www.thanhtra.gov.vn/PortletBlank.aspx/)http://my.opera.com/anhdeunhunganhyeuem/blog/index.dml/tag/ODA

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on t 04- nay thi im ny trng vi giai on trc v sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO.Tuy kh nng thu ht ODA ca chng ta tng trng mc kh nhng vic thc hin vn cam kthay ni cch khc l tc gii ngn ca Vit Nam cn chm v cha t c hiu qu cao vang c xu hng st gim trong thi gian 3 nm tr li y. Tc gii ngn chm gy ra viclng ph, tht thot vn gy ra gnh nng n khng cn thit cho th h sau v gy nh hng xucho kh nng thu ht cc ngun u t quc t khc.II) u ,nhc im c th c khi s dng ngun vn ODA i vi Vit Nam

1) u im: Ta c th d dng nhn thy nhng u im ca ngun vn ny qua nhng c imhay cng nh yu cu mt ngun vn u t nc ngoi c gi l ODA c nu trn. Th nht: y l ngun vn vin tr khng hon li hoc vi li sut rt thp v c thi hn rtdi cho nn chng ta c th tn dng pht trin c s h tng qua to mi trng thun li thuht cc ngun vn u t nc ngoi khc nh FDI hay cc ngun vn ti tr khc ca cc cng ty,t chc kinh t quc t khc. in hnh thng qua cc d n ODA, h thng ng b c phttrin ng k t quc l 1A, 10, 18, 9, ng xuyn (on Thnh ph H Ch Minh - Mc Bi),cc cu ln (M Thun, Cn Th, Thanh Tr, Bnh...); nng cp v m rng cc cng bin nh CiLn (Hi Phng), Si Gn, Tin Sa ( Nng), xy dng cng hng khng quc t Tn Sn Nht,

pht trin giao thng nng thn hu ht cc tnh... Ngun vn ODA u t pht trin ngnhin bao gm pht trin ngun in (cc d n Ph M 1, Ph M 2-1, Mn, Ph Li 2, Hm

Thun - a My, i Ninh, a Nhim) v pht trin h thng ng dy 500 kV Plyku - Nh B,gn 50 trm bin p ca c nc, ci to nng cp mng li in thnh th v nng thn hn cctnh v thnh ph. Th hai: xo i gim ngho, pht trin x hi. Th ba: tng cng bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng: Nhiu d n ODA h tr bo vmi trng cc thnh ph ln. Nhiu d n ODA dnh cho vic tng cng h thng cp ncsch th v nng thn; ci thin h thng thot nc thi cc thnh ph ln. Bo tn cc ditch vn ha hay c danh lam thng cnh. Th t: tng cng th ch: ODA gp phn tng cng nng lc v th ch thng qua ccchng trnh, d n h tr cng cuc ci cch php lut, ci cch hnh chnh v xy dng chnhsch qun l kinh t theo lch trnh ph hp vi ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc v ltrnh ch ng hi nhp kinh t quc t, tng cng nng lc con ngi... Thng qua cc d nODA, hng ngn cn b Vit Nam c o to v o to li; nhiu cng ngh sn xut, k nngqun l hin i c chuyn giao. Th nm: quan h i tc cht ch: Quan h gia pha Vit Nam v cc nh ti tr c thitlp trn c s quan h i tc, cao vai tr lm ch ca bn tip nhn ODA thng qua cc hotng hi ho v tun th cc quy trnh v th tc ODA. iu ny c th hin trn nhiu lnh vcnh pht trin cc quan h i tc trong nng nghip, lm nghip, hiu qu vin tr... nghin cu pdng cc m hnh vin tr mi (h tr ngn sch, tip cn ngnh,...), hi ho qu trnh chun b dn, thng nht h thng bo co, hi ho ho qu trnh mua sm, tng cng nng lc ton din vqun l ODA. Nc ta c la chn l nc in hnh v tin hnh hi ho quy trnh th tc

ODA, tun th h thng qun l quc gia v nng cao hiu qu vin tr. Cc nh ti tr v ChnhPh c nhiu hp tc nng cao hiu qu vin tr theo tuyn b H Ni.2) Nhc im: Do ODA c mt phn l vn vay vi li sut thp v thi hn vay di. Mc d ta tha nhn y l1 u im ni tri ca ODA tuy nhin ta phi tha nhn thc t vay th phi i km vi ngha v trn do thi hn vay di cho nn s dn ti gnh nng n cho tng lai. y l 1 s ri ro tim n ivi kh nng thanh ton ca mt quc gia v Vit Nam chng ta cng nm trong tnh trng ny. iu th hai v nhc im ca ODA v cc nc tip nhn ODA phi chp nhn khi s dngngun vn ny chnh l nhng iu kin ca cc nc cho ODA. l nhng iu kin v m rnghng ro thu quan, s ph thuc v thng mi quc t. Ngun vn vin tr ODA cn c gnvi cc iu khon mu dch c bit nhp khu ti a cc sn phm ca h. C th l nc cp

ODA buc nc tip nhn ODA phi chp nhn mt khon ODA l hng ho, dch v do h snxut. Nc tip nhn ODA tuy c ton quyn qun l s dng ODA nhng thng thng, cc danhmc d n ODA cng phi c s tho thun, ng ca nc vin tr, d khng trc tip iu hnhd n nhng h c th tham gia gin tip di hnh thc nh thu hoc h tr chuyn gia......

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