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Title Koji Niita: RIST, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: GSI, Germany Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAE A, Japan Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmer s, Sweden PHITS Multi-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

Title Koji Niita: RIST, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: GSI, Germany Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima:

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Koji Niita: RIST, Japan

Hiroshi Iwase: GSI, Germany

Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan

Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda,Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan

Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden

PHITSMulti-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

Overview (1)

1951 1983 1997 2001 2003NMTC NMTC/JAERI NMTC/JAERI97 NMTC/JAM PHITS(ORNL) High Energy Fission CG geometry JAM, GG JQMD, MCNP Magnetic Field Gravity

PHITS = MCNP + JAM + JQMD

Nucleus-Nucleus Collisionsby Molecular Dynamics

JQMD

Hadron-Nucleus Collisionsup to 200 GeV

JAM

Neutron, Photon, ElectronTransport by Nuclear Data

MCNP0 ~ 200 GeV10-5 eV ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 200 GeV0 ~ 100 GeV/u1 keV ~ 1 GeV1 keV ~ 1 GeV

ProtonNeutronMesonBarionNucleusPhotonElectron

Transport Particle and Energy

Language and Parallelism

FORTRAN 77MPI

Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) (1)Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) (1)

Tally, Mesh and GraphicTally: Track, Cross, Heat, Star, Time, DPA, Product, LETMesh: cell, r-z, xyzCounter: Graphic: ANGEL (PS generator)

Geometry: CG and GGExternal Field: Magnetic Field, Gravity Optical and Mechanical devices

neutrons protons hadrons,..,,, K

nucleus photonselectrons

JQMD

JAM, Hadron cascade model

In progress

only transport with dE/dx (SPAR, ATIMA)

200 GeV 200 GeV 200 GeV100 GeV/u 100 GeV

1 GeV

1 keV

10 MeV/u1 MeV1 MeV

20 MeV

(JQMD)(Bertini)

(JQMD)(Bertini)

(JQMD)

thermal 0 MeV 0 MeV 0 MeV/u

GEM, Evaporation process

SPAR, ATIMA, Ionization process

MCNPwith

nuclear data

MCNPwith

nuclear data

Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) (2)Overview of PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) (2)

Event Generator

Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data.

JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV

JAM

Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm

DDX of elementary process, p(12GeV/c) + p , by JAMDDX of elementary process, p(12GeV/c) + p , by JAM

rapidity distribution transverse momentum distribution

Data : Nucl. Phys. B69 (1974) 454

JAM: Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901

JAM (1)

JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u

56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb

JQMD-1

K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620   http://hadron31.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/jqmd/

Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD

Introducing JQMD in PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142

Results of PHITS

JQMD-2

Neutron Spectra from Thick Target

JQMD code in PHITS JQMD code in PHITS

New Feature (1)

Event Generator Mode of PHITS Event Generator Mode of PHITS

What are we doing in Monte Carlo calculations for particle transport ? Solving one-body Boltzmann equation by using the evaluated nuclear data.

Simulating real phenomena by using event generators.

MCNP type code

PHITS for high energy by JAM, JQMD.

energy is conserved in average.no correlations

treat all ejectiles of collisions.energy and momentum are conservedin each collision.

Only one-body observables

Any observables

Observables beyond one-body quantities are often required.Deposit energy distribution in a cell (pulse height tally). LET distribution in a micro dosimetry, Coincident experiments, ………

Event Generator

New Feature (2)

0n

0n

Event Generator Mode for low energy neutrons in PHITS Event Generator Mode for low energy neutrons in PHITS

We use the channel cross sections and neutron energy spectrumof the first neutron and assume the binary decay of recoiled nucleus.

Neutronchannels

capture

elastic

(n,n’)

(n,Nn’)

charged particle and photon decay

final state is uniquely determined

0n

charged particle and photon decayafter the first neutron emission

all particle and photon decay after the first neutron emission

By this model, we can determine all ejectiles (neutrons, charged particles, nucleus and photons) with keeping energy and momentum conservation.

PHITS can transport all charged particle and nucleus down to zero energyand estimate deposit energy without local approximation (kerma factor).

Neutron data + Special Evaporation Model

Event Generator Mode (2)

Neutron-induced semiconductor soft error (SEU: single event upset)

m3

Neutron 19 MeV

Si

Leakage ofrecoil nucleusfrom Si

Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS

An example of Event Generator Mode An example of Event Generator Mode

Kerma

AGS

AGS Benchmark Experiments for Spallation Neutron SourceAGS Benchmark Experiments for Spallation Neutron Source

Heat

Benchmark test of HEAT : compared with KEK experiment Benchmark test of HEAT : compared with KEK experiment

SEC

movable target (Cu)0.2 interaction length

Absorber

GM cryocooler

thermal shuntCryogenic Calorimeter

beam dump

(Cu foil)

Beam monitors

Primaryprotons

pure Al strip

SPIC

Target

Primary

Protons

Inner AbsorberOuter Absorber

Exp. and Cal. by H. Ohnishi et.al.Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A545 (2005) 88

12 GeV

MCNPX: calculated by N. Matsuda

90 degree

forward

backward

DDX of Secondary Particles DDX of Secondary Particles

100 101 102 103 104 10510-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

Neutron Energy (MeV)

Neut

ron

flux

(cm

-2 p

roto

n-1 p

er l

eth

arg

y)

Ep=12GeV Cu:1mmt

45°

90°

120°

MCNPX

PHITS

Space Radiation

CREME96+

PHITS with JENDL-HEfile10–8 10–4 100 1040

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0

0.5

1

1.5 d = 101 g/cm2 (~16.0 km)rc = 0.7 GVsmin

Exp. (Goldhagen et al.)

Simulation

Analytical Function

0

0.2

0.4

d = 201 g/cm2 (~11.8km)rc = 4.3 GVsmin

Neutron Energy (MeV)

Neu

tron

Flu

x (c

m–

2 s–1 le

thar

gy–

1 )d = 1030 g/cm2 (ground level)rc = 2.7 GVsmin

Neutron spectrum in atmosphere Neutron spectrum in atmosphere

T. Sato and K. Niita; Radiat. Res. 166 (2006) 544

by T. Sato EXPACS : Excel-based Program for calculating Atmospheric Cosmic-ray Spectrum

EXPACS : Excel-based Program for calculating Atmospheric Cosmic-ray Spectrum

New Features of PHITS (Recent Developments, released by ver.2.12)New Features of PHITS (Recent Developments, released by ver.2.12)

(1) Duct Source option for Neutron Long Beam Line calculations

(2) Super Mirror function for Neutron Optics: reflection on the wall

(3) Time Dependent Materials for moving material, T0 chopper, …

(4) Time Dependent Magnetic Fields Pulse Magnet for neutron optics, Wobbler Magnet (AC magnet)

(5) Dumpall option for re-calculation of whole process (history tape)

New Features

(6) Event Generator Mode a full correlated transport for all particles and energies

(7) LET tally dose and track length as a function of LET (dE/dx)

(8) Deposit2 tally correlation of the deposit energy distribution of two regions

(9) Timer (clock of particle) simulation of TOF with dE correlation

[email protected]. Code Center: http://www.rist.or.jp

PHITS ver.2.13 and ANGEL ver.4.35have been released from JAEA.

[email protected]. Code Center: http://www.rist.or.jp

PHITS ver.2.13 and ANGEL ver.4.35have been released from JAEA.

[email protected]. Code Center: http://www.rist.or.jp

PHITS ver.2.13 and ANGEL ver.4.35have been released from JAEA.

[email protected]. Code Center: http://www.rist.or.jp

PHITS ver.2.13 and ANGEL ver.4.35have been released from JAEA.

Distribution of PHITSDistribution of PHITS

distribution