Title

Nuclear Reaction Modelsin

Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

PHITS

Koji Niita: RIST, Japan

Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan

Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan

Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda,Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan

Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden

contents

Contents

(1) Overview of PHITS

(2) Application Fields of PHITS

(3) Nuclear Reaction Models in PHITS

(4) Event Generator

PHITS(1)

PHITS : Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

PHITS is a multi-purpose 3D Monte Carlo transport code system for all particles and Heavy ions with all energies from meV up to 200 GeV.

5 major codes for all particle transport in a world

MCNPX GEANT4 FLUKA MARS PHITS

Lab. Affiliation

LANL CERN,IN2P3INFN,KEK,ES

A,SLAC,TRIUMF

CERNINFN

FNAL JAEA,RISTGSI,KEKChalmers

Univ.

Language Fortran 90/C

C++ Fortran 77 Fortran 95/C

Fortran 77

Release Format

Source & binary

Source & binary

Source & binary

Binary Source & binary

Users ~2000 ~1000 ~1000 220 220

Parallel Exec.

Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Application Fields of PHITS

Application Fields of PHITS Application Fields of PHITS

Space TechnologyCancer Therapy

J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source

Neutron OpticsHeavy Ion Facilities

BNCT Proton and

Heavy Ion Therapy

Dose in Space ShuttleAtmospheric Cosmic-Ray

Accelerator

Moderators Hg target

Fe reflectorBe reflector　　　 Energy Deposition　　

Spallation (2)

PHITS has been extensively used forOptimization and Shielding design around Hg target of J-PARC

PHITS for spallation neutron source in J-PARC PHITS for spallation neutron source in J-PARC

RIA Beam production area

RIKEN RI Beam Factory

GSI FAIR : Super-FRS facility

PHITS for High Intensity

Heavy Ion facilities

PHITS for High Intensity

Heavy Ion facilities

48Ca beam track

22C track

Beam stop

Target

RIA Beam production area

Heating in whole system

4He track

3D view by PHITS

PHITS for Shielding of

Proton and Carbon Therapy Facilities

PHITS for Shielding of

Proton and Carbon Therapy Facilities

Dose distribution

3D view by PHITSCT dataVoxel dataDose

distribution

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at Dept. Research Reactor, JAEA

JCDS (Jaeri Computational Dosimetry System) creates the Voxel data from CT and MRI datafor MCNP ( PHITS ) calculation.

BNCT

PHITS for planning system for radiotherapy PHITS for planning system for radiotherapy

Space Radiation

10–8 10–4 100 1040

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0

0.5

1

1.5 d = 101 g/cm2 (~16.0 km)rc = 0.7 GVsmin

Exp. (Goldhagen et al.)

Simulation

Analytical Function

0

0.2

0.4

d = 201 g/cm2 (~11.8km)rc = 4.3 GVsmin

Neutron Energy (MeV)

Neu

tron

Flu

x (c

m–

2 s–1 le

thar

gy–

1 )

d = 1030 g/cm2 (ground level)

rc = 2.7 GVsmin

T. Sato and K. Niita, Radiat. Res., 166 (2006) 544

http//www3.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/rphpwww/radiation-protection/expacs/expacs.html

Galactic Cosmic Ray

Neutron spectrum in any height of atmosphere even at ground level

dose map on ground level

PHITS for neutron spectrum in atmospherePHITS for neutron spectrum in atmosphere

Physical Processes

Physical Processes included in PHITSPhysical Processes included in PHITS

Transport between collisions

Collisions with nucleus

Magnetic FieldGravitySuper mirror (reflection)Mechanical devices, T0 chopper

External Field and Optical devices

Ionization processfor charge particle

SPAR, ATIMA code

Energy stragglingAngle Straggling

Nuclear Data 　MCNP code ENDF-B/VI, LA150, …..

Particle Induced 　 JAM codeCollisions

Heavy Ion Collisions 　 JQMD code

Nuclear Reaction Models

Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles.We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data.

JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV JAM code for Hadron Nucleus Collisions up to 200 GeV

JAM

Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm

JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u JQMD code for Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions up to 100 GeV/u

56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb

JQMD-1

K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620 　 http://hadron31.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/jqmd/

Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD

MCNP

MCNP code for Neutron Transport below 20 MeV with Nuclear Data MCNP code for Neutron Transport below 20 MeV with Nuclear Data

Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab. for Neutrons, Photons, Electrons by using Evaluated Nuclear Data, such as ENDF, JENDL, …Applications: Nuclear Criticality Safety, Radiation Shielding, Fission Reactor Design, …

n-56Fe Reaction Cross Sections

New Feature (1)

What are we doing in Monte Carlo calculations for particle transport ?

MCNP type code

Solving one-body Boltzmann equation by using the evaluated nuclear data.

energy is conserved in average.no correlations

Only one-body observables

Simulating real phenomena by using event generators.

PHITS for high energy by JAM, JQMD.treat all ejectiles of collisions.energy and momentum are conservedin each collision.

Any observables

Observables beyond one-body quantities are often required.

Event Generator

Event Generator in PHITSEvent Generator in PHITS

We have developed the event generator mode in PHITS for all energy.

Event Generator Mode (2)

Neutron-induced semiconductor soft errorSEU: single event upset

m3

Neutron 19 MeV

Si

Leakage ofrecoil nucleusfrom Si

Deposit Energy Distribution by PHITS

An example of Event Generator Mode An example of Event Generator Mode

Kerma

Conclusions

ConclusionsConclusions

Particle and heavy ion transport code (PHITS) is an essential implement in design study of accelerator facilities for various purpose, in planning system for radiotherapy, and in space radiation.

Description of nuclear reactions in the code is one of the key quantity to determine the accuracy of the transport code.

Tow reaction models: JAM and JQMD and Nuclear data are employed in PHITS to describe the nuclear reactions.

Event generator combined with the nuclear reaction model and the nuclear data is necessary to describe new quantities which are related to the higher order correlations beyond one-body observables.