TODAY: Society and Culture

Race and EthnicityReligionCultureLanguageSportsMusic Literature

Race & Ethnicity• Colonial legacy of population

holocaust, slavery, and miscegenation => complex map

• Post-colonial migrations — much in 19th C

AsianEuropean

Current spatial distributions

• Current spatial distributionsAfro-American (Latin Americans are “Americans,” too)

Brazil, & Caribbean (Garifuna)Amerindian

Former high culture areas of Mesoamerica and Andes

Current spatial distributions

MestizoEuro-American

Race in Latin America

• Racial mixing • Racial “bleaching”• Racism

Race in Latin America

• “Social” races• Indigenismo & Negritude• Pigmentocracia• Chile/Argentina vs. Brazil/Cuba

Catholic Heritage ICatholic Heritage ISpanish Spanish CatholicCatholic roots roots SpiritualSpiritual conquest conquest —— an integral part of the an integral part of the conquest of the Americasconquest of the Americas

Catholic Heritage ICatholic Heritage ILegacyLegacy of Church’s history in Latin Americaof Church’s history in Latin America

Identified with power/economic eliteIdentified with power/economic eliteReformReform in form of liberation theology => in form of liberation theology => oppression of the poor is a sinoppression of the poor is a sin

Catholic Heritage IICatholic Heritage IIOverwhelminglyOverwhelmingly people say “people say “soy soy CatholicoCatholico” ” = “I am a Catholic” = “I am a Catholic”

church attendance is often lowchurch attendance is often lowBut presence is everywhere But presence is everywhere

““folkfolk” Catholicism ” Catholicism —— merging of Roman merging of Roman Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous (Amerindian) beliefs(Amerindian) beliefsRoman Roman Catholic beliefs have merged with Catholic beliefs have merged with various African religious traditions in the various African religious traditions in the Caribbean and Brazil especiallyCaribbean and Brazil especially

Religion: NonReligion: Non--CatholicCatholicHindu and Islam Hindu and Islam —— imported with imported with indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities in all of the Caribbean)in all of the Caribbean)JudJudaismaism —— accompanied 1st migrants from accompanied 1st migrants from Spain (Spain (conversosconversos))EvangelicalEvangelical Protestants Protestants —— Protestants Protestants outlawed in Spanish/Portuguese colonial outlawed in Spanish/Portuguese colonial timestimes

InterInter--Personal socioPersonal socio--cultural traitscultural traits

Machismo Machismo —— men in control of their lives men in control of their lives andand the lives of others in their livesthe lives of others in their livesMarianismoMarianismo —— roughly the inverse of roughly the inverse of machismo (from the idea that the ideal machismo (from the idea that the ideal woman resembles Mary in her virtue and woman resembles Mary in her virtue and purity)purity)Role conflict (e.g., Role conflict (e.g., casascasas chicaschicas))

InterInter--Personal socioPersonal socio--cultural traitscultural traits

““PersonalismoPersonalismo” ” —— much of social, much of social, economic, indeed all life in LA depends on economic, indeed all life in LA depends on social/family ties & personal spheres of social/family ties & personal spheres of influence and obligationinfluence and obligation

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican Languages

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican Languages

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican Languages

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican Languages

•Accents: e.g., Chile, Argentina, Cuba

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American SportAmerican Sport

FutbolFutbol

Geography of Latin American SportGeography of Latin American Sport

% who watch World Cup soccer games % who watch World Cup soccer games regularlyregularly (Source: (Source: LosLos MediosMedios yy MercadosMercados dede LatinoaméricaLatinoamérica 19981998))

Average 54%Average 54%Most between 40Most between 40--60%60%

Brazil 81%Brazil 81%

Costa Rica, El Salvador Guatemala over 60%Costa Rica, El Salvador Guatemala over 60%

Nicaragua 7%Nicaragua 7%Bolivia 10%Bolivia 10%Peru 22%Peru 22%Paraguay 30%Paraguay 30%Dominican Republic 20%Dominican Republic 20%

Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American MusicAmerican Music

SalsaSalsaAndeanAndeanRockRockSambaSambaBossa Bossa NovaNovaProtestProtestRequetonRequeton

Geography in Latin Geography in Latin American LiteratureAmerican Literature

Pablo Pablo NerudaNeruda: Chile: ChileUlises EstrellaUlises Estrella: Ecuador: Ecuador

Geography in Latin Geography in Latin American LiteratureAmerican Literature

Pablo Pablo NerudaNeruda: Chile: ChileUlises EstrellaUlises Estrella: Ecuador: Ecuador

Garifuna