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INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AVOIDANCE AND
DISTRESS ON PEOPLE’S PREFERENCES FOR
ROBOTS AS DAILY LIFE COMMUNICATION
PARTNERS
Tomohiro Suzuki (Tokyo Future Univ.)Sachie Yamada (Tokai Univ.)
Takayuki Kanda (ATR-IRC)Tatsuya Nomura (Ryukoku Univ. / ATR-IRC)
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3
EXISTING RESEARCH ON ASSUMPTION ABOUT ROBOTS
Surveys about types of robots that people assume about humanoid and animal-type robotsNomura et al. (2008)
Surveys about types of roles that people expect for robotsTakayama et al. (2008)
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PRIOR TO OUR STUDY: RELATIONS BETWEEN ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ROBOT TYPES AND TASKS (1)
Fi g. 1 Number of respondents who sel ected each robot type
196
73 6127
5 7 22
0
50
100
150
200
250
1: h
uman�s
ize
huma
noid
s
2: s
mall�s
ize
huma
noid
s
3: a
ctin
ghu
ge o
bjec
ts
4: a
nima
ls
5: s
tati
onar
yob
ject
s
6: a
rmma
nipu
lato
rs
7: o
ther
s
robot Type
numb
er
5
PRIOR TO OUR STUDY: RELATIONS BETWEEN ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ROBOT TYPES AND TASKS (2)
Fi g. 2 Number of respondents who sel ected each robot task
68
123
1020
47 52
12
86
66
15
0102030405060708090
100
1: h
ouse
work
2: o
ffice
wor
k
3: p
ubli
cse
rvic
e
4: m
edic
al o
rwe
lfar
ese
rvic
e5:
cons
truc
tion
or a
ssem
blin
gta
sks
6: g
uard
or
batt
le
7: t
asks
in
plac
es h
ard
for
huma
ns t
ogo
or
8: t
he s
ervi
cetr
ade
9:co
mmun
icat
ion
part
ners
or
play
mate
s
10:
amus
emen
t
11:
othe
rs
robot task
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RESEARCH PURPOSE Q1: Do people prefer robots vs. humans as
communication partners for different roles and situations in daily life?
Q2: How do social avoidance and distress influence the communication partner preferences?
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SOCIAL RESEARCH Participants:
206 Japanese university and special training school students (Men: 103, Women: 103; Age range: 20–29;
Mean: 25.2; SD: 2.91)
Administration: An online survey was conducted in March
2015. Participants were recruited through an online survey company.
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QUESTIONNAIRE Twenty-five roles and situations were presented. Participants’ preferences for robots vs. humans
as communication partners were answered.These items were developed for this survey.Participants were not presented with a clear
definition (e.g., humanoid type) of a robot so they can think about their own image of it.
the participants were asked to select either a human or a robot as a communication partner for each role and situation.
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Japanese version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS; Ishikawa et al., 1992, Watson & Friend, 1969) SADS was originally developed by Watson & Friend
(1969) This scale includes 28 true-false items. This scale can assess the tendency of degree of social
avoidance and distress. It is known that social avoidance and distress is an
important factor related to social anxiety.
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REULTS
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Talking about serious events experienced during the day at home
Seeking medical attention at a hospital
Seeking career counseling at school
Being nursed during hospitalization
Being nursed at home
Seeking mental health counseling at a clinic
Seeking mental health counseling at school or in the workplace
Being taught at schools or cramming schools
Talking about trivial events experienced during the day at home
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
human
robot
12
Seeking outplacement counseling at an employment agency
Being provided with health consultations
Being trained for new tasks at workplace
Being taught new job-related skills for a part-time job at the workplace
Becoming a playmate at home
Being taught to study at home
Being consulted about concerns at tome
Being cared for at home when old
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
hu-man
robot
13
Being cared for at a nursing home when old
Being guided at a tourist spot
Getting fortune-telling on street or store
Enquiring about the characteristics and features of products at stores
Placing orders for food and drink at restaurants
Complaining about an issue at home
Asking directions at station or on street
Paying for items at the checkout counter of a store
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
human
robot
14
Item 95%CI Item 95%
CITalking about serious events experienced during the day at home
9.3–18.8
Being taught new job-related skills for a part-time job at the workplace
20.2–32.2
Seeking medical attention at a hospital
9.3–18.8 Becoming a playmate at home 22.9–
35.3Seeking career counseling at school
10.6–20.5 Being taught to study at home 22.9–
35.3
Being nursed during hospitalization11.0–21.0
Being consulted about concerns at home
24.3–36.9
Being nursed at home 11.4–21.6 Being cared for at home when old 26.1–
38.9Seeking mental health counseling at a clinic
12.3–22.7
Being cared for at a nursing home when old
27.0–39.9
Seeking mental health counseling at school or in the workplace
13.1–23.7 Being guided at a tourist spot 32.6–
46.0Being taught at schools or cramming schools
13.6–24.3
Getting fortune-telling on street or store
34.5–48.0
Talking about trivial events experienced during the day at home
14.5–25.4
Enquiring about the characteristics and features of products at stores
35.5–49.0
Seeking outplacement counseling at an employment agency
14.5–25.4
Placing orders for food and drink at restaurants
39.3–52.9
Being provided with health consultations
14.9–25.9
Complaining about an issue at home
41.2–54.9
Being trained for new tasks at workplace
14.9–25.9
Asking directions at station or on street
43.7–57.3
Paying for items at the checkout counter of a store
45.1–58.8
15
Talking about serious events experienced during the day at home
Seeking career counseling at school
Being nursed at home
Seeking mental health counseling at school or in the workplace
Talking about trivial events experienced during the day at home
Being provided with health consultations
Being taught new job-related skills for a part-time job at the workplace
Being taught to study at home
Being cared for at home when old
Being guided at a tourist spot
Enquiring about the characteristics and features of products at stores
Complaining about an issue at home
Paying for items at the checkout counter of a store
0 5 10 15 20 25
robothuman
*:p<.05, **:p<.01, ***:p<.001
SADS SCORE
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DISCUSSION Some of the young Japanese people
prefer robots to people as communication partners for many roles and situations in daily life.
The SADS scores of participants who selected robots as communication partners were higher than those of participants who selected humans as communication partners for almost all roles and situations.
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FURTHER DISCUSSION Investigating the types of robots
preferred as communication partners for many roles and situations in daily life.
Investigating psychological factors associated with people’s preferences for robots may be helpful for introducing communication robots in daily life.
