TNG QUAN HYPER-V TRN WINDOWS SERVER 2012 Category: WINDOWS
SERVER Written by ng Phng Nam I- GII THIU:Khi trin khai mi trng h
thng mng cho doanh nghip, doanh nghip cn s dng bao nhiu dch v th bn
phi ci by nhiu Server vt l tng ng. Ti sao khng ci chung tt c cc dch
v vo cng Server?a. Khi ci cc dch v vo cng Server th bn phi m cc
port tng ng vi cc dch v . Do , h thng mng doanh nghip s km bo mt.b.
Khi c s c xy ra, bn rt kh tm nguyn nhn dch v no b li. iu ny s lm nh
hng n hot ng ca doanh nghip.Tuy nhin, xu hng doanh nghip hin nay
chuyn hng sang cng ngh in ton m my. Doanh nghip cn bao nhiu dch v
th s ci by nhiu my o.Li ch ca my o: - Tit kim c chi ph ca doanh
nghip - Qun l linh hot, d dng di chuyn my o t my ny sang my khc -
Backup v restore my o mt cch d dngNhu cu t ra, IT lm ch mi trng o
haHin nay, c 2 hng chuyn v o ha:1. VMWare: Bao gm VMWare
Workstation (dng hc v nghin cu), VMWare ESX (s dng thc t, c bn
quyn)2. Microsoft: Microsoft Virtual PC (dng hc v nghin cu), Hyper
V (s dng thc t , min ph, i km t Windows Server 2008), Virtual
Machine Manager (SCVMM).II CC BC TRIN KHAI:1- Ci t Hyper-V2- Kho st
Hyper-V a. To Switch o (Virtual Switch) b. To a cng o (Virtual Hard
Disk) c. Xem thng tin a cng o (Inspect Disk) d. Chnh sa a cng o e.
To my o (Virtual Machine) f. To Diffrerencing Disk g. To Snapshot
(Backup trng thi my o) h. Khi phc Snapshot (Restore my o)III- TRIN
KHAI CHI TIT:1- Ci t Hyper-V- M Server Manager, bn ch khung bn tri:
+ Dashboard: Hin th thng tin tng qut v server. + Local Server: Thng
tin v Server bn ang s dng: tn my, IP ca my, Events, Computer Name,
Network Card + All Servers: Tng t nh Local Server, dng qun l tt c
cc Server. + File and Storage Services: Thng tin v dch v Files v
dch v lu tr trn Server.
- Trn Server Manager, vo menu Manage,chn Add Roles and
Features.
- Mn hnh Before You Begin, nhn Next.
- Mn hnh Installation Type, chn Role-based or feature-based
installation, sau bn nhn Next.
- Mn hnh Server Selection, bn chn Select a server from the
server pool, sau bn nhn Next.
- Mn hnh Server Roles, bn nh du chn vo Hyper-V.
- Chng trnh s yu cu bn ci t thm mt s Features phc v cho Role ny,
bn nhn vo nt Add Features.
Bn cn phn bit khi nim gia Roles v Features nh sau:* Roles: phc v
cho ton h thng . V d : Active Directory, Web Server. Khi ci Roles
th n s cn thm nhng Features h tr.* Features: ch h tr chc nng trn my
ca mnh.- Mn hnh Create Virtual Switches, bn nhn Next. Cc bc cn li,
bn nhn Next theo mc nh.
- Mn hnh Confirm Installation Selections, bn nh du chn vo
Restart the destination server automatically if required. Do mt s
Roles i hi phi khi ng li my sau khi ci t nn tt nht khi ci bt k
Roles no, bn cng nn nh du chn vo ny.
- Hp thoi Add Roles and Features Wizard, bn chn Yes ng iu khon t
ng khi ng li my tnh m khng cn thng bo.
- Qu trnh ci t s din ra. Sau khi ci xong, bn kim tra s thy Role
Hyper-V.
2- Kho st Hyper -V- My c ci t Hyper-V gi l Host Hyper V.-
Virtual Switch ca Hyper-V gi l Switch o, bn thn my Host c th m nhn
vai tr Switch o.a. To Switch o (Virtual Switch):- M Hyper-V
Manager, khung Actions nm gc phi, bn nhn vo mc Virtual Switch
Manager.
C 3 loi virtual switch, bao gm: Private Switch, Internal Switch
v External Switch.+ Private Virtual Switch: ch c kh nng kt ni cc my
o trong cng 1 Host li. Khi dng my o, chng trnh s t ng hi bn s dng
Switch no. Private Switch khng dng trn thc t c, p dng trong mi trng
lab (thc hnh), c lp mng my o vi h thng mng bn ngoi.+ Internal
Virtual Switch: ging vi Private l cc my o khng kt ni bn ngoi c. Tuy
nhin nu chn Internal th cc my o c th lin lc c vi my tht (my Host).
Khi ci t Internal Virtual Switch, bn kim tra trn my Host s thy c
thm card mng mi l vEthernet (Internal Network). Dng ny c th p dng
trn thc t.
- External Virtual Switch: c s dng nhiu nht. L loi virtual
switch m c th c map vo card mng vt l (xi chung vi switch tht). Khi
to External, card mng s khng th t IP c na, bn phi t IP Connection
mi to l vEthernet (External Network).
Bn c th to rt nhiu Private v Internal Virtual Switch. Cn
External s ph thuc vo card mng tht gn trn my Server ca bn.- to
Switch o, bn nhn vo Create Virtual Switch.
- mc Connection type, bn chn dng Virtual Switch m bn mun to, sau
mc Name, bn t tn cho Switch ca mnh. VD: Private Network. Tng t bn
to thm Internal Network v External Network.
b. To a cng o (Virtual Hard Disk)a cng o (Virtual Hard Disk): l
file c ui *.vhd (trn Windows Server 2008) hoc *.vhdx (ch c trn
Windows Server 2012). Nu bn chy *.vhdx th my o ch chy trn host (my
tht) Windows Server 2012. cng o trn Windows Server 2012 c nhng u im
ring nh sau:+ *.vhdx h tr dung lng cng ti a 64TB trong khi *.vhd ch
h tr dung lng cng ti a 2TB.+ Ngoi ra, *.vhdx h tr chu li tt hn khi
c s c mt in (lu theo dng block).- to cng o, bn to folder C:\VM, sau
ln lt to thm cc th mc VM1, VM2, VM3 trong C:\VM
- Quay li Hyper-V Manager, bn nhn chut phi ln tn my tnh. Sau chn
v chn Hard Disk
- Mn hnh Choose Disk Format, bn chn nh dng cho cng ca mnh.
- Mn hnh Choose Disk Type, bn la chn kiu a cng o.
V d: Bn c dung lng a cng ti a 100 GBFixed SizeDynamically
expandingDifferencing
nghaKhi to ra a cng, file ny lun l 100 GB, c nh v khng thay i,
bn cha xi cng mt 100GB. Nu xi ht 100 GB th s khng xi c na.Khi to a
cng, file ny ch c khong my chc KBs. Khi ci t d liu th dung lng s
tng. Nu vt 100 GB th s khng xi c na.Ch dng lu cc s thay i trn my o.
Tuy nhin n khng th chy c lp, n ph thuc vo 1 a khc gi l Parent (hay
Base).
u im- Cho hiu nng nhanh hn- T ch c dung lng trn my host.Bn xi
bao nhiu th dung lng tn by nhiu. S dng cho nhiu my, tit kim dung
lng.
- Quay li mn hnh Choose Disk Type, bn chn Dynamically
expanding.- Mn hnh Specify Name and Location, mc Name, bn t tn cho
cng ca mnh, vd: Base2012.vhd. Tip theo mc Location, bn nhn vo nt
Browse, sau bn tr ng dn n ni cn lu a cng o ca mnh, y bn lu vo th mc
C:\VM\.
- Mn hnh Configure Disk, bn chn Create a new blank virtual hard
disk. mc Size, bn thit lp dung lng cho a cng o ca mnh.
- Mn hnh Completing the New Virtual Hard Disk Wizard, bn kim tra
li thng tin v a cng o ca mnh, sau nhn Finish.
c. Xem thng tin a cng o (Inspect Disk)- Sau khi to xong, xem
thng tin a cng o, trong ca s Hyper-V Manager, khung Action nm gc
phi, bn nhn vo mc Inspect Disk.
- Tip theo bn tr ng dn n a cng o m bn mun xem thng tin. Chng
trnh s hin th thng tin chi tit v a nh+ Format: nh dng a cng o: vhd
hay vhdx+ Type: Loi a cng o: Dynamically expanding, Differencing
hay Fixed Size+ Location: Ni cha a cng o+ Current File Size: Kch
thc dung lng a hin ti+ Maximum Disk Size: Dung lng ti a ca a
d. Chnh sa a cng o- chnh sa a cng o, trong ca s Hyper-V Manager,
khung Action nm gc phi, bn nhn vo mc Inspect Disk.
- Mn hnh Locate Virtual Hard Disk, mc Location, bn nhn nt Browse
v tr ng dn n a cng o m bn mun chnh sa, sau nhn Next.
- Mn hnh Choose Action, bn la chn hnh ng dnh cho a cng ca
mnh.
+ Compact: Tng vng trng cn li trn a, khng thay i dung lng ti a.
VD: a ti a 127 GB, dng 100 GB, nh vy vng trng ca bn cn 27GB. Chc
nng Compact l n s sp xp a (defragment disk) vng dng (100 GB) tng
dung lng cho vng trng (27 GB). y c gi l chc nng chng phn mnh trn a
cng o.+ Convert: chuyn i qua li gia nh dng vhd v vhdx. Chng trnh s
to ra 1 file mi vi nh dng m bn mun chuyn i (khng xa file c).+
Expand: Ni rng dung lng ti a ca a cng o. e/ To my o (Virtual
Machine)Chun b: file ISO ci t Windows Server 2012- Chut phi ln
host, bn chn New, sau chn Virtual Machine
- Mn hnh Specify Name and Location, mc Name, bn t tn cho my o ca
mnh: Windows Server 2012-1. Tip theo bn nh du chn vo Store the
virtual machine in a different location, sau bn nhn nt Browse v tr
ng dn n th mc cn lu my o.
- Mn hnh Assign Memory, mc Startup memory, bn thit lp RAM cho my
o (ph thuc vo RAM ca my tht). Ngoi ra, bn c th quy nh RAM c thit lp
trong khong no bng cch nh du chn vo Use Dynamic Memory for this
virtual machine.
- Mn hnh Configure Networking, mc Connection, bn chn Virtual
Switch m bn to, trong bi lab ny bn chn External Network.
- Mn hnh Connect Virtual Hard Disk, bn chn Use and existing
virtual hard disk, bn nhn nt Browse v tr ng dn n a cng o m chng ta
to trn.
- Cui cng sau khi to xong, bn nhn nt Finish.- Bc tip theo, chng
ta s g CD/DVD vo my o. Chut phi ln my o va to, chn Settings.
- ct bn tri, bn chn DVD. Sau khung bn phi, bn chn Image File v
tr ng dn n file ISO ci t Windows Server 2012. Cui cng bn nhn Apply
v OK.
- n y bn to xong my o. Bn nhn chut phi vo my o va to, chn Start,
sau nhn double click vo my o v bt u ci Windows Server 2012 (ci phin
bn Windows DataCenter 2012 with GUI)
* Mt s phm tt trn my o- Ctrl + Alt + End ( thay th Ctrl + Alt +
Delete)- Ctrl+ Alt + Pause (Break) (Phng to ton mn hnh)- Shutdown
my o, bn nhn chut phi vo my o, chn Shutdown.
- Quan st s thy ct State my o l Off ngha l qu trnh tt my thnh
cng.
f. To Diffrerencing DiskGi s bn c 3 my o VM1, VM2 v VM3. Bn ci
Windows Server 2012 trn my o VM1. Sp yu cu my o VM2 v my o VM3 cng
phi c ci Windows Server 2012.
Nu copy cng my o th hi tn cng v tn dung lng. Vy c cch no dng 1 a
cng m c th s dng chung cho c 3 my khng? Thc t th 1 a cng khng th gn
vo 3 my c, cho nn chng ta cn s dng Differencing Disk dng lu cc s
thay i trn my o.3 my o: VM1, VM2, VM3, to ra 3 cng o loi
Differencing, sau cu vo a Base. Nh vy khi my no c s thay i th a cng
cng c lu tr. Nhc im ca Differencing Disk l nu a Base cht th ton b a
cng trn cc my o s cht.- Quay li Hyper-V Manager, chut phi ln Host,
chn New, sau chn Hard Disk.- Mn hnh Choose Disk Format, bn chn nh
dng a cng o l VHD.
- Mn hnh Choose Disk Type, bn chn loi a cng l Differencing.
- Mn hnh Specify Name and Location, mc Name bn t tn cho a cng o
ca mnh: Disk1.vhd. Tip theo mc Location, bn nhn vo nt Browse v tr
ng dn n th mc lu cng ca mnh, trong bi lab ny, bn lu vo a ch:
C:\VM\VM1.
- Mn hnh Configure Disk, lc ny bn nhn nt Browse v tr ng dn n a
Parent (hay cn gi l a Base)
- Mn hnh Summary, bn kim tra li thng tin v nhn nt Finish.
- Bc tip theo, chng ta s g b a cng o trn my VM1 ra v gn a cng o
Disk1.vhd va mi to vo. Bn nhn chut phi vo my o, chn Settings.- ct
bn tri, bn tm n mc Hard Drive. Sau bn nhn sang khung bn phi, mc
Virtual hard disk, bn nhn nt Browse v tr ng dn n a cng o Disk1.vhd
m bn va mi to. Cui cng, bn nhn nt Apply v OK.
- Bn nhn chut phi vo my o, chn Start. Kim tra thy my o khi ng
Windows thnh cng.
- Tt my o, bn dng tnh nng Inspect Disk, ghi ch li dung lng ca a
Base v a cng o ca my o 1Disk 1: 332 KBDisk Base: 8,409,356 GB- Khi
ng my o, chp dung lng bt k vo. Sau kim tra li dung lng ca a o (Disk
1) s thy tng ln, a Base ko thay i (Cu trc ca Differencing).Disk 1:
285,496 KBDisk Base: 8,409,356 GB- Tng t bn hy to thm Disk2.vhd v
Disk3.vhd (Dng a Differencing) cng gn vo 1 a Base duy nht. To 2 my
o VM2 v VM3, my o s s dng a tng ng. Khi ng c 3 my cng lc. Nh vy
chng minh c 1 a base xi c cho nhiu differencing.Lu : Khng thay i
kch thc a Base khi s dng Differencing.g/ To Snapshot (Backup trng
thi my o):Snapshot my o: Tr my o v tnh trng nh lc ban u- Chut phi
vo my o m bn mun Backup, chn Snapshot.
- Bn s nhn thy Snapshot va to khung Snapshot. Bn c th to nhiu
Snapshot. Mun i tn Snapshot, bn nhn chut phi vo Snapshot, chn
Rename thay i tn
h/ Khi phc Snapshot (Restore my o)- Cch 1: Chut phi vo my o, chn
Revert. My o tr v trng thi trc 1 snapshot.- Cch 2: Chut phi vo
Snapshot cn khi phc, chn Apply. My o s c tr li ti thi im lc bn
snapshot
Cm n cc bn xem bi vit!
http://www.mcthub.com/index.php/technologies/microsoft/windows-server/156-t-ng-quan-hyper-v-tren-windows-server-2012
