torno DEBER 1

8/15/2019 torno DEBER 1

1/22

Alex Espin

ITRBN MECANIZADO 2


2/22

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO “RAMÓN BARBA NARANJO”

CARRERA DE ELECTROMECÁNICA

NOMBRE: ALEX ESPIN

CICLO:TERCERO PARALELO: “A”

CARRERA:TEM FEC A: 30-05-2016

TRABAJO N!"#

#$%TEMA$

¿QUÉ ES, EL TORNO?

&$%OBJETI'OS$

O()e*i+, Gene-.l$

In !"#$%&' ()! !" !* #+'n+, + + .)n $+n&, ")" /&'#!", '! !" ! )n& $n !"#$%& $ n *&'& /'! $"& +n *& & ) & !* $n#!'n!# + .)!n#!" $ *$+%'4.$ &" /&'& )n )!n !"!n +* $ $!n#+! *+" !"#) $&n#!"

O()e*i+, Espe/01i/,$

• Conocer que es el torno.• Identificar las partes más importantes de un torno y sus funciones.• Conocer qué tipo de operaciones se pueden realizar con un torno.• Diferenciar los tipos de herramientas y buriles, así como materiales e insertos; sus

posibilidades y limitaciones.

2$%MARCO TEORICO$

ISTORIA

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3/22

& & & )n& '& & .*!>$ *! !* 4' +* ) +#'& !"#') #)'&@ ) + +#'+ !>#'! + #$!n! )n *&9+!#$!n + !* /$! /+' 7"#! /$"&n + 8& $& & & + "! +n"$%)! !* + $ $!n#+ ! *& /$!9&&)n()! !* + $ $!n#+ B#$* " *+ "!& !* ! & &n ! ! $7n +"! '!#$'&' *& 8!''& $!n#& !+'#! !n !* '!#'+ !"+ In *)"+ 8+ !n & /'! &*! ! !"#! #$/+ ! #+'n!& + &)n()! & +n

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TORNO DEL ARBOL

!n' M&)" *& , C*! !n# +*99&*..!* !n /&'#$ )*&' S$' D+"!/8 8$#F+'#8 #'&!' &n *&/'! $"$ n &* #+'n+ $n )"#'$&* & ! $& +" !* 1G00 &.! #&n + &" & #+ +" *+" #+'n+"+n+ $ +" 8&"#& *& .! 8& En /&'#$ )*&', !" %'& $&" & 8$#F+'#8 ()! "! /!'.! $+n& !* &'#!!* !" &'$& + /&'& %!n!'&' ")/!'.$ $!" &!"#'&" &n + *& /+"$ $*$ & ! & )"#&' *&" %) &"! #+'n+", .'!"& +'&" ! $n *)"+ '! #$.$ & +'&" & n$ !*!" !" +n+ $ +" 8&"#& *& .! 8& L&"4()$n&" ()! "&* &n ! *+" #&**!'!" ! 8$#F+'#8 !'&n *&" 4" /'! $"&" !* )n + .$ & &n !* !"#4n &' ! /'! $"$ n & +n"!%)$' C+n !"#! & &n ! "! %!n!'& )n & $+&"+ '+"+ !n *& .& '$ & $ n ! 4()$n&" 8!''& $!n#&" &n + /$! & *+ ()! "! +n+ ! 8++ + = 4()$n&" ! /'! $"$ n= S! #$!n! ()! /!n"&' ()! 8&"#& *& .! 8&, "$ )n& .4 '$ &n! !"$#& & )n& 4()$n&, 7"#& "! .& '$ & & & *& ! $ & )"&n + !* !n+' nB !'+ !/$!9&" ! !#&* + + .)!"! /+"$ *! E" #&n " *+ & /&'#$' ! ! $& +" !* "$%*+ XIX %'& $&" &* $n%!n$+ ! )n+" /+ +" ()! "! .& '$ &' &n *+" #+'n+" + /*!#& !n#! ! !#&*


4/22


5/22

!n )n& ! *&" 4()$n&" 8!''& $!n#&" 4" $ /+'#&n#! ()! 8&n !>$"#$ + S$n ! &'%+, !n*& & #)&*$ & !"#! #$/+ ! #+'n+ !"#4 ()! &n + '!*!%& + & '!&*$9&' #&'!&" /+ +$ /+'#&n#!", & )#$*$9&'"! !n *+" #&**!'!" ! &/'!n $ !" !n *+" #&**!'!"! &n#!n$ $!n#+ /&'& '!&*$9&' #'& & +" /)n#)&*!" + !"/! $&*!"

P&'& *& .& '$ & $ n !n "!'$! ! /'! $"$ n 8&n "$ + ")"#$#)$ +" /+' #+'n+" +/$& +'!",'! * !', &)#+ 4#$ +" ! CNC P&'& &n! &' $!n !"#+" #+'n+" "! '!()$!'! *& /!'$ $&! /'+.!"$+n&*!" ) $!n &*$.$ & +", & ()! !* &n! + &n)&* ! ")" &''+" /)! !+ &"$+n&' !''+'!" & !n) + !n *& %!+ !#' & ! *&" /$!9&" #+'n!& &"

T,-n, /,pi.5,-

E"()! & .)n $+n&* ! #+'n+ +/$& +'

S! **& & #+'n+ +/$& +' & )n #$/+ ! #+'n+ ()! +/!'&n + +n )n $"/+"$#$ + 8$ '4)*$ + !*! #' n$ + /!' $#! !* #+'n!& + ! /$!9&" ! & )!' + & *&" &'& #!' "#$ &" ! *& $" &"$%)$!n + !* /!'.$* ! )n& /*&n#$**& ()! '!/'+ ) ! )n& '7/*$ & $%)&* & *& %) &

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L&" +n $ $+n!" #! n+* %$ &" !* ! &n$9& + "+n + )n!" & *&" ! *+" ! 4" #+'n+",

"+*& !n#! 8& ()! /'! !' )n& 8!''& $!n#& ()! /!' $#& $!n *& ! & )& $ n ! *& $')#& )n "$"#! & ! *) '$ & $ n '!.'$%!'& $ n !.$ &9 !* .$*+ ! +'#! ! *&" 8!''& $!n#&"! $&n#! & )n &n#! & !$#! ! +'#! + #&*& '$n&

T,-n, -e+6l+e-


6/22

O/!'&'$& &n! &n + )n #+'n+ '! * !'

E* #+'n+ '! * !' !" )n& &'$! & ! #+'n+ $"! & + /&'& ! &n$9&' /$!9&" "+ '! *&" ()!"!& /+"$ *! !* #'& & + "$ )*#4n!+ ! &'$&" 8!''& $!n#&" +n !* .$n ! $" $n)$' !* #$! /+#+#&* ! ! &n$9& + L&" /$!9&" ()! /'!"!n#&n !"& +n $ $ n "+n &()!**&" ()!, /&'#$!n +! &''&", #$!n!n )n& .+' & .$n&* ! &"()$**+ + "$ $*&' Un& !9 ()! *& &''& ()! & $!n") !#& ! $&n#! /$n9&" + +n )n /*+ ! %&''&", "! & #&*& '&n +, &n '$n&n +,

'+" &n + + !" &'$&n + *& /&'#! $n#!'$+' ! &n$9& & & *& !9 "! /)! ! $' $*$n '&n +,'!.'!n#&n +, '&n)'&n +, '+" &n + +'#&n + +n 8!''& $!n#&" ! #+'n!& + !>#!'$+'

E* #+'n+ '! * !' **! & )n &''+ +n )n& #+''!#& %$'+'$& !n *& ()! "! $n"!'#&n *&"$.!'!n#!" 8!''& $!n#&" ()! '!&*$9&n !* ! &n$9& + ! *& /$!9& T& $7n "! /)! !n! &n$9&' /$!9&" ! .+' & $n $ $ )&*, .$ 4n +*&" & )n /*+ ! %&''&" ! & $+n& $!n#+8$ '4)*$ +

T,-n, .7*,89*i/,

S! **& & #+'n+ &)#+ 4#$ + & )n #$/+ ! #+'n+ ) + /'+ !"+ ! #'& & + !"#4!n#!'& !n#! &)#+ $9& + L& &*$ !n#& $ n ! *& &''& n! !"&'$& /&'& & & /$!9& "!8& ! #& $7n ! .+' & &)#+ 4#$ &, & /&'#$' ! )n& &''& *&'%& ()! "! $n"!'#& /+' )n #) +()! #$!n! !* & !9&* "! ") !#& ! $&n#! /$n9&" ! &/'$!#! 8$ '4)*$ +

E"#+" #+'n+" /)! !n "!' ! )n "+*+ 8)"$**+ + ! &'$+" 8)"$**+":

• L+" ! )n "+*+ 8)"$**+ "! ! /*!&n 4"$ & !n#! /&'& !* ! &n$9& + ! /$!9&"/!()! &" ()! '!()$!'&n %'&n !" "!'$!" ! /'+ ) $ n

• C)&n + "! #'& ! ! &n$9&' /$!9&" ! $ !n"$+n!" & +'!" "! )#$*$9&n *+"#+'n+" &)#+ 4#$ +" )*#$8)"$**+" +n ! ! .+' & /'+%'& & & !n & & 8)"$**+ "! &'!&*$9&n + )n& /&'#! !* ! &n$9& + ! *& /$!9& C+ + *+" 8)"$**+" &n& $&n + ! /+"$ $ n, !* ! &n$9& + .$n&* ! *& /$!9& '!")*#& ) '4/$ + /+'()!#+ +" *+" 8)"$**+" ! &n$9&n *& $" & /$!9& ! .+' & "$ )*#4n!&


7/22

L& /)!"#& & /)n#+ ! !"#+" #+'n+" !" ) *& +'$+"& /+' !"+ "! )#$*$9&n /'$n $/&* !n#!/&'& %'&n !" "!'$!" ! /'+ ) $ n E* + $ $!n#+ ! #+ &" *&" 8!''& $!n#&" !"#4&)#+ $9& + /+' )n "$"#! & ! !> 7n#'$ &" '!%)*& +'!" !*! #' n$ +" ()! '!%)*&n !*$ *+ *+" #+/!" ! .$n&* ! &''!'&

Un #$/+ ! #+'n+ &)#+ 4#$ + !" !* +n+ $ + + + = & !9&* $*= + =#$/+ ")$9+= SF$""# /!@, !n *+" ()! !* !"/*&9& $!n#+ &>$&* $!n! & + /+' !* & !9&* !* #+'n+ En !"#&"4()$n&" !* & !9&* '!#'+ ! ! +n *& /$n9& & $!'#&, $!''& /$n9& & %!n!'&n + !*+ $ $!n#+ ! & &n ! ! *& &''& /&'& ! &n$9&' *& /$!9& $!n#'&" *&" 8!''& $!n#&" n+"! !"/*&9&n &>$&* !n#! L+" #+'n+" ! & !9&* $* #$!n!n #& $7n *& /! )*$&'$ & !$"/+n!' ! )n& *)n!#& + & n ()! %) & *& &''& & *& $" & &*#)'& ! *&" 8!''& $!n#&"P+' !"#! +#$ + !" &/&9 ! ! &n$9&' /$!9&" ! %'&n *+n%$#) !n + /&'& $ n & ")$4 !#'+ E* '&n%+ ! $4 !#'+" ! )n #+'n+ ! & !9&* $* **!%& & #)&* !n#! & *+" 3G$* !#'+" ! $4 !#'+ ! &''&, &)n()! ")!*!n "!' 4()$n&" ! $4 !#'+" !n+'!"E"#! #$/+ ! #+'n+" /)! !n .)n $+n&' +n *! &" + CNC "+n &/& !" ! #'& & &' +n#+*!'&n $&" ) !"#'! 8&"

T,-n, +e-*i/.l

T+'n+ !'#$ &*

E* #+'n+ !'#$ &* !" )n& &'$! & ! #+'n+, ! ! ! !'#$ &*, $"! & + /&'& ! &n$9&' /$!9&"! %'&n #& & +, ()! &n ") !#&" &* /*+ ! %&''&" ) +#'+" +/!'& +'!" ()! /+' ")"$ !n"$+n!" + /!"+ 8&' &n $. $* ") .$ & $ n !n )n #+'n+ 8+'$9+n#&*

L+" #+'n+" !'#$ &*!" n+ #$!n!n +n#'&/)n#+ "$n+ ()! !* Bn$ + /)n#+ ! ") ! $ n ! *&"/$!9&" !" !* /*+ 8+'$9+n#&* "+ '! !* )&* &n &/+ & &" L& &n$/)*& $ n ! *&" /$!9&"/&'& .$ &'*&" !n !* /*+ "! 8& ! ! $&n#! %'B&" ! /)!n#! + /+*$/&"#+"

T,-n, CNC


8/22

T+'n+ CNC

E* #+'n+ CNC !" )n #+'n+ $'$%$ + /+' +n#'+* n) 7'$ + /+' + /)#& +'&

O.'! ! )n& %'&n &/& $ & ! /'+ ) $ n /'! $"$ n !n !* ! &n$9& + /+' ") !"#') #)'&.)n $+n&* *& #'& ! #+'$& ! *& 8!''& $!n#& ! #+'n!& + !" +n#'+*& & /+' )n +' !n& +' ()! **! & $n +'/+'& +, !* )&* /'+ !"& *&" ' !n!" ! ! ! ) $ n +n#!n$ &"!n )n "+.#F&'! ()! /'! $& !n#! 8& +n.! $+n& + )n /'+%'& & +' +n+ ! +' ! *&#! n+*+% & ! ! &n$9& + !n #+'n+ E" )n& 4()$n& ()! '!")*#& '!n#& *! /&'& !*! &n$9& + ! %'&n !" "!'$!" ! /$!9&" "!n $**&", "+ '! #+ + /$!9&" ! '! +*) $ n, /!' $#! ! &n$9&' +n /'! $"$ n ")/!'.$ $!" )' &" ++' $n&n + *+" + $ $!n#+" &>$&* '& $&* /&'& !* & &n ! ! *& 8!''& $!n#&

P$!9&" ! & ! '!9 ! &n$9& &" !n )n #+'n+ CNC

L& !*+ $ & ! %$'+ ! & !9&* /+'#&/$!9&", !* & &n ! ! *+" &''+" *+n%$#) $n&* #'&n" !'"&* *&" +#&" ! ! ! ) $ n ! *& /$!9& !"#4n /'+%'& & &" , /+' #&n#+, !>!n#&"! .&**+" $ /)#& *!" &* +/!'&'$+ ! *& 4()$n&

O*-,s *ip,s 5e *,-n,s

A ! 4" ! *+" #+'n+" ! /*!& +" !n *& $n )"#'$& ! 4n$ &, #& $7n "! )#$*$9&n #+'n+" /&'&#'& & &' *& & !'&, *& +'n& !n#& $ n +n 4' +* + %'&n$#+


9/22

E* n+ '! ! =#+'n+= "! &/*$ & #& $7n & +#'&" 4()$n&" '+#+'$&" + + /+' ! ! /*+!* #+'n+ ! &*.&'!'+ + !* #+'n+ !n#&* E"#&" 4()$n&" #$!n!n )n& &/*$ & $ n )n /'$n $/$+! .)n $+n& $!n#+ #+#&* !n#! $.!'!n#!" ! *&" ! *+" #+'n+" !" '$#+" !n !"#! &'# )*+

ESTRUCTURA DEL TORNO

T+'n+ /&'&*!*+ !n .)n $+n& $!n#+E* #+'n+ #$!n! $n + + /+n!n#!" /'$n $/&*!":

• B.n/.5. : "$' ! ! "+/+'#! /&'& *&" +#'&" )n$ & !" !* #+'n+ En ") /&'#! ")/!'$+' **! & )n&" %) &" /+' *&" ()! "! !"/*&9& !* & !9&* $* + +n#'&/)n#+ !* &''+/'$n $/&*

• C.(e4.l 1i), : +n#$!n! *+" !n%'&n& !" + /+*!&" ()! $ /)*"&n *& /$!9& ! #'& & + *&" )n$ & !" ! & &n ! In *) ! !* +#+', !* 8)"$**+, !* "!*! #+' ! !*+ $ & , !*

"!*! #+' ! )n$ & ! & &n ! !* "!*! #+' ! "!n#$ + ! & &n ! A ! 4" "$' !/&'& "+/+'#! '+#& $ n ! *& /$!9& ! #'& & + ()! "! &/+ & !n !* 8)"$**+

• C,n*-.p7n*, : !* +n#'&/)n#+ !" !* !*! !n#+ ()! "! )#$*$9& /&'& "!' $' ! &/+ + /+ !' +*+ &' *&" /$!9&" ()! "+n #+'n!& &" !n#'! /)n#+", &" + + +#'+"!*! !n#+" #&*!" + + /+'#& '+ &" + '+ &" /&'& 8& !' #&*& '+" !n !* !n#'+ !*+" ! !" E"#! +n#'&/)n#+ /)! ! + !'"! .$ &'"! !n $ !'"&" /+"$ $+n!" & *+*&'%+ ! *& &n & &

• C.--, p,-*9*il : +n"#& !* &''+ /'$n $/&*, ()! /'+ ) ! *+" + $ $!n#+" ! *&8!''& $!n#& !n $'! $ n &>$&* !* &''+ #'&n" !'"&*, ()! "! !"*$9&#'&n" !'"&* !n#! "+ '! !* &''+ /'$n $/&* !n $'! $ n '& $&* En *+" #+'n+"/&'&*!*+" 8& & ! 4" )n &''+ ")/!'$+' +'$!n#& *!, .+' & + & ") !9 /+' #'!"/$!9&": *& &"!, !*charriot *& #+''!#& /+'#&8!''& $!n#&" S) &"! !"#4 &/+ & &"+ '! )n& /*&.+' & %$'+'$& /&'& +'$!n#&'*+ !n )&*()$!' $'! $ n


10/22

• C.(e4.l i-.*,-i, + chuc : ") .)n $ n +n"$"#! !n ") !#&' *& /$!9& & ! &n$9&'& &'$+" #$/+", + + !* chuck $n !/!n $!n#! ! )'+ +' &9&" + !* )n$ !'"&*,& +'$#&'$& !n#! ! /*!& + !n !* #&**!' ! 4n$ +, &* $%)&* ()!8& chucks &%n7#$ +" ! "!$" +' &9&"

E;7ip, .7xili.-

P*+ ! %&''&" )n$ !'"&*

P*+ /!'n+ ! &''&"#'!

S! '!()$!'!n $!'#+" & !"+'$+", + + ") !#& +'!" /&'& *& /$!9& ! #'& & +, "+/+'#!" /+'#&8!''& $!n#&" A*%)n+" & !"+'$+" + )n!" $n *) !n:

• Pl.*, 5e s7)e/i6n 5e .--.s 7ni+e-s.l : ") !#& *& /$!9& ! #'& & + !n !* & !9&* #'&n" $#! !* + $ $!n#+

•

Pl.*, 5e s7)e/i6n 5e .--.s (l.n5.s : ") !#& *& /$!9& ! #'& & + !n !* & !9&* '& 7" ! )n& ")/!'.$ $! & & & & & S+n ! &n$9& &" /&'& )n $4 !#'+!"/! .$ + n+ "$!n + 4*$ &" /&'& +#'+"

• Cen*-,s , p7n*,s : "+/+'#&n *& /$!9& ! #'& & + !n !* & !9&* !n *& +n#'&/)n#&


11/22


12/22

8!''& $!n#&" /)! !n "!' ! & !'+ '4/$ +, !#&* )'+ "+* & + + /*&()$#&" ! !#&* )'+$n#!' & $& *!"

e--.8ien*.s p.-. 5i+e-s,s 8e/.ni4.5,s

L& #$/+*+% & ! *&" 8!''& $!n#&" ! !#&* )'+ !"#4 n+' &*$9& & ! & )!' + +n !*!'$&* ()! "! ! &n$ !, /)!"#+ ()! & & !'$&* +.'! ! )n&" '!"$"#!n $&" $.!'!n#!"E* $%+ ISO /&'& 8!''& $!n#&" ! !#&* )'+ "! '! +%! !n *& #& *& 4" & & +

C)&n + *& 8!''& $!n#& !" ! & !'+ '4/$ + + #$!n! *& /*&()$#& ! !#&* )'+ "+* & & !n !*/+'#&8!''& $!n#&", & & !9 ()! !* .$*+ "! !"%&"#& 8& ()! !" +n#&'*& &.$*&'*&+''! #& !n#! +n *+" 4n%)*+" ! +'#! !"/! .$ +" !n )n& &.$*& +'& E"#+ '&*!n#$9&&"#&n#! !* #'& & + /+'()! *& 8!''& $!n#& "! #$!n! ()! !n.'$&' +n"#&n#! !n#! !'$.$ &' ()! !* 4n%)*+ ! $n $ !n $& !* +'#! !"#! +''! #+ P+' !**+, )&n + "! ! &n$9&n /$!9&"!n "!'$! *+ n+' &* !" )#$*$9&' /+'#&8!''& $!n#&" +n /*&()$#&" $n#!' & $& *!", ()! #$!n!n&'$&" &'&" ! +'#! ! )"&' #$'&' "! '!! /*&9&n ! .+' & ) '4/$ &

M+ $ $!n#+" ! #'& & + !n *& +/!'& $ n ! #+'n!& +

• M,+i8ien*, 5e /,-*e : /+' *+ %!n!'&* "! $ /&'#! & *& /$!9& ()! %$'&'+#& $+n&* !n#! "+ '! ") ! ! /'$n $/&* E"#! + $ $!n#+ *+ $ /'$ ! )n +#+' !*7 #'$ + ()! #'&n" $#! ") %$'+ &* 8)"$**+ /'$n $/&* ! $&n#! )n "$"#! &! /+*!&" + !n%'&n& !" E* 8)"$**+ /'$n $/&* #$!n! & +/*& + & ") !>#'! + $"#$n#+""$"#! &" ! ") ! $ n /*+" ! %&''&", /$n9&", &n '$n+" &)>$*$&'!" ) +#'+"@, *+")&*!" ") !#&n *& /$!9& & ! &n$9&' L+" #+'n+" #'& $ $+n&*!" #$!n!n )n& %& & .$ &! !*+ $ & !" ! %$'+, "$n ! &'%+ *+" #+'n+" + !'n+" ! C+n#'+* N) 7'$ + *&

!*+ $ & ! %$'+ !* & !9&* !" &'$& *! /'+%'& & *! "! & &/#& & *&"+n $ $+n!" /#$ &" ()! !* ! &n$9& + /!' $#!

• M,+i8ien*, 5e .+.n/e : !" !* + $ $!n#+ ! *& 8!''& $!n#& ! +'#! !n *&$'! $ n !* ! ! ! *& /$!9& ()! "! !"#4 #'& & &n + En + $n& $ n +n !* %$'+$ /&'#$ + &* 8)"$**+, !#!' $n& !* !"/& $+ '! +''$ + /+' *& 8!''& $!n#& /+' & &)!*#& ()! & *& /$!9& E"#! + $ $!n#+ #& $7n /)! ! n+ "!' /&'&*!*+ &* ! !,


13/22


14/22

&"!%)'&' &*$ & &* $*$n '& + !* #+'n+ #$!n! ()! #!n!' $!n & )"#& & ") &*$n!& $ n +n !n#'$ $ &

E* $*$n '& + "! /)! ! 8& !' +n *& /$!9& &* &$'! ") !#& !n !* /*+ ! %&''&", "$ !" +'#&, ++n *& /$!9& ") !#& !n#'! /)n#+" )n /!'n+ ! &''&"#'!, + &/+ & & !n *)n!#& .$ & + $* "$*& /$!9& !" ! %'&n !" $ !n"$+n!" /!"+ P&'& '!&*$9&' !* $*$n '& + ! /$!9&" + ! !"") !#+" !n#'! /)n#+", !" n! !"&'$+ /'! $& !n#! '!&*$9&' *+" /)n#+" ! !n#'& ! !n *+" ! !"

C)&n + !* $*$n '& + "! '!&*$9& !n !* 8)! + ! *& /$!9& "! **& & &n '$n& +

Re1-en*.5,

L& +/!'& $ n ! '!.'!n#& + +n"$"#! !n )n ! &n$9& + .'+n#&* /!'/!n $ )*&' &* ! ! !*&" /$!9&" ()! "! '!&*$9& /&'& /'+ ) $' )n )!n & +/*& $!n#+ !n !* +n#& ! /+"#!'$+' !*&" /$!9&" #+'n!& &" E"#& +/!'& $ n #& $7n !" +n+ $ & + + .'+n#!& + L&/'+ *! 4#$ & ()! #$!n! !* '!.'!n#& + !" ()! *& !*+ $ & ! +'#! !n !* .$*+ ! *&8!''& $!n#& & $" $n) !n + & ! $ & ()! & &n9& 8& $& !* !n#'+, *+ ()! '&*!n#$9& *&+/!'& $ n P&'& ! +'&' !"#! &"/! #+ ) 8+" #+'n+" + !'n+" $n +'/+'&n &'$& +'!" !!*+ $ & !n !* & !9&* ! #&* .+' & ()! "! /)! ! $' &) !n#&n + *& !*+ $ & ! %$'+ !*& /$!9&

R.n7-.5,

P+*!&" #+'n!& &"


15/22

E* '&n)'& + +n"$"#! !n ! &n$9&' )n&" '&n)'&" $* n '$ &" ! &n 8)'& /'+.)n $ &&'$& *! !n *&" /$!9&" ()! "! #+'n!&n, *&" )&*!" #$!n!n ) 8&" )#$*$ & !" $.!'!n#!" P+' ! ! /*+, /&'& &*+ &' )n& )n#& # '$ &, /&'& "&*$ & ! '+" &, /&'& &'&n !*&" ! /'!"$ n, !#En !"#! &"+ *& 8!''& $!n#& #$!n! & +n.+' & + !* &n 8+ ! *& '&n)'& & #)&n + +n !*

&''+ #'&n" !'"&* "! *! & *& /'+.)n $ & !"!& & L+" &n&*!" ! *&" /+*!&" "+n )n! ! /*+ *&'+ ! '&n)'&" #+'n!& &"

R,s/.5, en el *,-n,

& +" "$"#! &" ! '!&*$9&' '+" & +" !n *+" #+'n+", ! )n *& + *& #'& $ $+n&* ()! )#$*$9&n*+" #+'n+" /&'&*!*+", ! $&n#! *& C& & N+'#+n, ! +#'& *& ()! "! '!&*$9& +n *+" #+'n+"CNC, +n ! *+" +" ! *& '+" &" &n #+#&* !n#! /'+%'& & +" & n+ 8& ! .&*#& *& & &N+'#+n /&'& '!&*$9&'*+

P&'& !.! #)&' )n '+" & + +n 8!''& $!n#& 8& ()! #!n!' !n )!n#& *+ "$%)$!n#!:

• L&" '+" &" /)! !n "!' !>#!'$+'!" #+'n$**+"@ + $!n $n#!'$+'!" #)!' &"@, ! $!n +"!' ")" &%n$#) !" +8!'!n#!" /&'& ()! & +" !*! !n#+" /)! &n !n'+" &'"!

• L+" !*! !n#+" ()! .$%)'&n !n *& #& *& "+n *+" ()! 8& ()! #!n!' !n )!n#& & *&8+'& ! '!&*$9&' )n& '+" & !n )n #+'n+:

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R,s/. ex*e-i,- ,

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& C'!"#& + 7'#$ ! +n + + &"!

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16/22

• E"#& *! !' *& /'+.)n $ & ! /&"& & ()! #!n%& ()! #!n!' *& '+" & 8&"#& +n"!%)$' !* /!'.$* & ! )& +

R,s/.5, en *,-n, p.-.lel,

Un& ! *&" #&'!&" ()! /)! !n ! ! )#&'"! !n )n #+'n+ /&'&*!*+ !" !.! #)&' '+" &" !$ !'"+" /&"+" #& & +" #&n#+ !>#!'$+'!" "+ '! ! !" + $n#!'$+'!" "+ '! #)!' &" P&'& !**+*+" #+'n+" /&'&*!*+" )n$ !'"&*!" $n +'/+'&n )n ! &n$" + **& & + C& & N+'#+n, ()!.& $*$#& !"#& #&'!& ! $#& +n#&' )n #'!n ! !n%'&n& !" & & !9 ()! "! ()$"$!'& !.! #)&' )n& '+" &

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Fi 7-. &

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Fi 7-. 2


17/22

&n)&* ! !n%'&n& !" /&'& .$ &' *+" /&"+" ! *&" /$!9&" & '+" &' E"#& & & /)! ! +n"#&' ! &'$+" #'!n!" !"/*&9& *!" ! !n%'&n& !" + $!n ! )n+ &" )*&n#! )n +n+ !

!n%'&n& !" L& & & +n! #& !* + $ $!n#+ !* & !9&* !* #+'n+ +n !* &''+/+'#&8!''& $!n#&" ()! **! & $n +'/+'& + )n 8)"$**+ ! '+" & )& '& &

E* "$"#! & ! +' +n"!%)$ + $n *) ! )n& & & ! & $+" +n &'$&" '! ) #+'&" &%+n&* !n ")" ! $ &"+'$%$n&*!"

2 S! & 8&.*&n& *& !n#'& & ! *& '+" & "! '!.'!n#& *& /)n#& !* #+'n$**+

3 S! '&n)'& *& %&'%&n#& +n ! .$n&*$9& *& '+" & )n#+ & *& & !9& !* #+'n$**+

S! '+" & !* )!'/+ !* #+'n$**+, &n + *)%&' & *& /$!9& .$n&*$9& &

E"#! $" + /'+ !"+ "! /)! ! 8& !' /&'#$!n + ! )n& &''& *&'%&, #'+n9&n + .$n&* !n#! *&

/&'#! ! &n$9& &M,le*e.5,

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18/22

E* +*!#!& + !" )n /'+ !"+ ! +n.+' & + !n .' + !* !'$&* ! $&n#!)n&" 8,le*.s ()! /'!"$+n&n *& /$!9& $!n#'&" & )!*#&"


19/22

P$n9&" n$ &" /+'#&8!''& $!n#&"

L+" $.!'!n#!" #+'n+" ! &n$9&n *+" +n+" ! .+' &" $.!'!n#!"

• En *+" #+'n+" CNC n+ 8& n$n%Bn /'+ *! & /+'()!, /'+%'& &n + & ! )& & !n#!")" $ !n"$+n!", *+" &''+" #'&n" !'"&*!" *+n%$#) $n&*!" "! !"/*&9&n ! .+' &++' $n& & &n + *)%&' &* +n+ !"!& +

• En *+" #+'n+" +/$& +'!" #& /+ + 8& /'+ *! & /+'()! *& /*&n#$**& ! +/$& +/!' $#! ()! !* /&*/& +' "! !"/*& ! /+' *& $" & *+" &''+" & #B!n ! .+' &++' $n& &

• P&'& ! &n$9&' +n+" !n *+" #+'n+" /&'&*!*+" +n !n $+n&*!" "! /)! ! 8& !' !

+" .+' &" $.!'!n#!" S$ *& *+n%$#) !* +n+ !" /!()! &, "! ! &n$9& !* +n++n !* charriot $n *$n& + "!%Bn !* 4n%)*+ !* +n+ S$ *& *+n%$#) !* +n+ !" )%'&n ! !* ! ! "! ! &n$9& !n#'! /)n#+", !n#+n !" "! !"/*&9& *& $"#&n $&

& ! )& & !* +n#'&/)n#+ "!%Bn *&" $ !n"$+n!" !* +n+P&'& &* )*&' !* 4n%)*+ ! $n *$n& $ n !* &''+ "! /'+ ! ! ! *& "$%)$!n#! &n!'&:

#%


20/22

E"()! & .)n $+n&* #+'n!& + !".7'$ +

E* #+'n!& + !".7'$ +, /+' ! ! /*+ !* ! ' #)*&", n+ #$!n! n$n%)n& $.$ )*#& "$ "! '!&*$9& !n)n #+'n+ ! C+n#'+* N) 7'$ + /+'()!, /'+%'& &n + ")" ! $ &" *& .)n $ n !! &n$9& + '& $&* +''!"/+n $!n#!, *+ '!&*$9&'4 ! .+' & /!'.! #&

S$ !* #+'n+ !" &)#+ 4#$ + ! %'&n /'+ ) $ n, #'& & & +n &''& *&" ' #)*&" n+ "+n !

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& !' ' #)*&" ! .+' & &n)&* !n )n #+'n+ /&'&*!*+ /'!"!n#& $!'#& $.$ )*#& /&'&+n"!%)$' !>& #$#) !n *& $" & En !"! &"+ !" '! + !n & *! $"/+n!' ! )n& /*&n#$**&! *& !".!'& ! $'*& ! &n$9&n + ! .+' & &n)&* & & &'*& +n *$ & + '&"()!#& /&'&&'*! !* & )"#! .$n&*

Se .5, , *-,n4.5,

!''& $!n#& ! '&n)'&' "!%&'

S! **& & "!%& + & *& +/!'& $ n ! #+'n!& + ()! "! '!&*$9& )&n + "! #'& & & +n &''& &* .$n&*$9&' !* ! &n$9& + ! *& /$!9& +''!"/+n $!n#! !" n! !"&'$+ +'#&' *& &''& /&'&"!/&'&' *& /$!9& ! *& $" & P&'& !"#& +/!'& $ n "! )#$*$9&n 8!''& $!n#&" ) !"#'! 8&"+n )n "&*$!n#! ! & )!' + &* $4 !#'+ ()! #!n%& *& &''& /!' $#& +n !* &''+

#'&n" !'"&* **!%&' &* !n#'+ ! *& &''& E" )n& +/!'& $ n ) + Bn !n #+'n+" '! * !' &)#+ 4#$ +" &*$ !n#& +" +n &''& .& '$ & $+n!" !n "!'$!


21/22

C3.1l.n.5,

E* 8&.*&n& + !" )n& +/!'& $ n ! #+'n!& + ) + Bn ()! +n"$"#! !n &' *+" &n#+"#&n#+ !>#!'$+'!" + + $n#!'$+'!" /&'& ! $#&' +'#!" +n *+" $" +" & ") !9 .& $*$#&' !*#'& & + +n#& ! /+"#!'$+' ! *&" /$!9&" E* 8&.*&n& + 4" + Bn ")!*! "!' !* ! 1/+' 5 E"#! 8&.*4n "! 8& ! & &n + $'! #& !n#! *+" &n#+" +n )n& 8!''& $!n#&& ! )& &

Me/.ni4.5, 5e ex/@n*-i/.s

C$%Y! &* ! )n +#+' ! &' + ! 6 $*$n '+" !n * n!&, +n Z &/+ +"

Un& !> 7n#'$ & !" )n& /$!9& ()! #$!n! +" + 4" $*$n '+" +n $"#$n#+" !n#'+" + ! !" !"$ !#' &, #&* + + + )''! +n *+" $%Y! &*!" ! +#+', + *+" ! !" ! *! &" Un&!> 7n#'$ & !" )n )!'/+ ! '! +*) $ n /+' #&n#+ !* ! &n$9& + "! '!&*$9& !n )n #+'n+P&'& ! &n$9&' )n& !> 7n#'$ & !" n! !"&'$+ /'$ !'+ '!&*$9&' *+" /)n#+" ! !n#'& ! ! *+"$.!'!n#!" ! !" !> 7n#'$ +" !n *+" !>#'! +" ! *& /$!9& ()! "! .$ &'4 !n#'! +" /)n#+"

Me/.ni4.5, 5e espi-.les

Un !"/$'&* !" )n& '+" & #&**& & !n )n $" + /*&n+ ! &n$9& & !n )n #+'n+, ! $&n#! !*!"/*&9& $!n#+ +/+'#)n+ !* &''+ #'&n" !'"&* P&'& !**+ "! ! ! &* )*&' *& #'&n" $"$ n()! "! /+n '4 !n#'! !* & !9&* !* 8)"$**+ ! & &n ! !* &''+ #'&n" !'"&* ! & )!' + &*/&"+ ! *& '+" & !"/$'&* E" )n& +/!'& $ n /+ + + Bn !n !* #+'n!& + E ! /*+ ! '+" &!"/$'&* !" *& ()! #$!n!n !n ") $n#!'$+' *+" /*+" ! %&''&" ! *+" #+'n+", *& )&* /!' $#! *&&/!'#)'& $!''! ! *&" %&''&"

T.l.5-.5,


22/22

C+n#'&/)n#+ /&'& #&*& '& +"

M) 8&" /$!9&" ()! "+n #+'n!& &" '!()$!'!n "!' #&*& '& &" +n '+ &" !n !* !n#'+ !")" ! !" ! '+#& $ n P&'& !"#& #&'!& "! )#$*$9&n '+ &" n+' &*!", ()! "! ") !#&n !n !*+n#'&/)n#+ !n )n /+'#& '+ &" + $'! #& !n#! !n !* &*+ & $!n#+ !* +n#'&/)n#+ "$ !*$4 !#'+ !" %'&n ! L&" +n $ $+n!" #! n+* %$ &" !* #&*& '& + "+n *&" n+' &*!" !

& )!' + & *&" &'& #!' "#$ &" !* !'$&* #$/+ ! '+ & ()! "! )#$*$ ! M!n $ n &/&'#!!'! !n *+" /'+ !"+" ! #&*& '& + /'+.)n + +n ! !* /'+ !"+ & !" ) $.!'!n#! "+ '!#+ + *& +n"#$#) $ n ! *& '+ & ()! "! )#$*$9&

N+ #+ +" *+" #+'n+" /)! !n '!&*$9&' #+ &" !"#&" +/!'& $+n!" ()! "! $n $ &n, "$n+ ()! !"+!/!n ! !* #$/+ ! #+'n+ ()! "! )#$*$ ! ! *+" & !"+'$+" + !()$/& $!n#+" ()! #!n%&

=$%CONCLUCIONES$

S! 8& $n !"#$%& + "+ '! *+" #+'n+, #$/+" ! & & )n+ ! *+" /'+ !"+" !

! &n$9& + ()! '!&*$9& *+" #+'n+"S! /) + +n+ !' *& & +' & ! *&" /&'#!" ()! +n.+' & )n #+'n+

>$%RECOMENDACIONES$

P+n!' !n /'4 #$ & *+ &/'!n $ + & !' & !* #+'n+

U#$*$9&' ! &n!'& +''! #& & & )n& ! *&" 8!''& $!n#&" ! +'#! !* #+'n+ "!%Bn & *&+/!'& $ n & '!&*$9&'"!

?$%BIBLIOGRAFIA$

3**ps: es$ i ipe5i.$,- i i T,-n, Tip,s 5e *,-n,s
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torno#Tipos_de_tornoshttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torno#Tipos_de_tornos

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torno DEBER 1