Tortora 9e TB

Chapter1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?

A) Ehrlichchemotherapy

B) Kochasepticsurgery

C) Pasteurproofofbiogenesis

D) Jennervaccination

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

2) Whichofthefollowingisascientificname?

A) IGAS

B) Flesh-eatingbacteria

C) GroupAstreptococcus

D) Streptococcuspyogenes

E) Streptococci

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

3) Whichofthefollowingisnotadomaininthethree-domainsystem?

A) Animalia

B) Archaea

C) Bacteria

D) Eukarya

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

4) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutfungi?

A) Allareprokaryotic.

B) Allaremulticellular.

C) Allrequireorganicmaterialforgrowth.

D) Allgrowusingsunlightandcarbondioxide.

E) Allareplants.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

1

2TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction

5) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutprotozoa?

A) Theyhaverigidcellwalls.

B) Theyareclassifiedbytheirmethodoflocomotion.

C) Allareunicellular.

D) Allhavecomplexcells.

E) Allareeukaryotic.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

6) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutviruses?

A) Theyarenotcomposedofcells.

B) Theycannotmetabolizenutrients.

C) Theycannotreproducethemselves.

D) TheyhaveDNAorRNA.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

7) Whichofthefollowingisprobablytrueaboutalltheexperimentsthatprovedspontaneous

generation?

A) Airwaslacking.

B) Toomuchheatwasapplied.

C) Thefoodsourcecouldnotsupportlife.

D) Microorganismswerealreadypresent.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

8) RegardingPasteursexperimentswiththeS-neckflask,whichofthefollowingstatementsis

true?

A) Therewasairinvolved.

B) Therewasafoodsourceinvolved.

C) Anypossibilityofcontaminationwasremoved.

D) Allmicroorganismswerekilledbeforebeginning.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding

CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 3

9) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutinsectcontrolbymicroorganisms?

A) Theinsectsdevelopresistancetothemicroorganisms.

B) Themicroorganismsarepermanentintheenvironment.

C) Themicroorganismsarespecificfortheinsectpest.

D) Themicroorganismsmaycausediseaseinotheranimals.

E) Thistechniqueisjustasdangerousastheuseofchemicalpesticides.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


A) Hookecelltheory

B) vanLeeuwenhoekgermtheory

C) Listerasepticsurgery

D) Pasteurfermentation

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

11) Whodisprovedthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration?

A) vanLeeuwenhoek

B) Hooke

C) Pasteur

D) Koch

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

12) Whoobservedcellsinplantmaterial?

A) vanLeeuwenhoek

B) Hooke

C) Pasteur

D) Koch

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


13) Whowasthefirsttoobservemicroorganismswithamicroscope?

A) vanLeeuwenhoek

B) Hooke

C) Pasteur

D) Koch

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

14) Whoprovedthatmicroorganismscausedisease?

A) vanLeeuwenhoek

B) Hooke

C) Pasteur

D) Koch

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

15) Whichofthefollowingisascientificname?

A) Mycobacteriumleprae

B) Hansensbacillus

C) Leprosybacterium

D) Acid-fastbacteria

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

16) Classificationoforganismsinthethreedomainsisbasedon

A) Cellwall.

B) Numberofcells.

C) Celltype.

D) Nutritionaltype.

E) Nucleus.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


17) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisuntrue?

A) Allbacterialacknuclearmembranes.

B) Allfungiaremulticellular.

C) Allprotozoaareunicellular.

D) Allvirusesareparasites.

E) Allfungihavenuclearmembranes.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A) Virusescannotreproduceoutsideofahostcell.

B) Bacteriacannotmove.

C) Fungiareplants.

D) Protozoahaverigidcellwalls.

E) Algaeareparasites.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

19) WhichofthefollowingfindingswasessentialforJennersvaccinationprocess?

A) Aweakenedmicroorganismmayproduceimmunity.

B) Aweakenedmicroorganismwillnotcausedisease.

C) Someonewhorecoversfromadiseasewillnotacquirethatdiseaseagain.

D) Diseaseiscausedbyviruses.

E) Vaccinationprovidesimmunity.

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

20) WhichofthefollowingrequirementswasnecessaryforPasteurtodisprovespontaneous

generation?

A) Providingafoodsourcethatwouldsupportgrowth

B) Supplyingair

C) Keepingmicroorganismsout

D) Removingmicroorganismsthatwereinitiallypresent

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis



A) ImmunologiststudiesecologyofLegionellapneumophila

B) Virologiststudieshumanimmunodeficiencyvirus

C) Microbialecologiststudiesbacteriathatdegradeoil

D) Microbialphysiologist studiesfermentationofsourdoughbread

E) MolecularbiologiststudiesrecombinantDNA

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


A) Chemotherapytreatmentofdisease

B) Pathogendiseasecausing

C) Vaccine apreparationofmicroorganisms

D) Penicillinantibiotic

E) Normalmicrobiotaharmful

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

23) Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthestudyofmicrobiology?

A) Bacteria

B) Fungi

C) Viruses

D) Insects

E) Helminths

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

24) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?

A) Archaea

B) Bacteria

C) Eukarya

D) Fungi

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding


25) Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofbiotechnology?

A) BacterialproductionofFrenchbread

B) Bacterialdegradationofadeadanimal

C) Bacterialproductionofyogurt

D) Bacterialproductionofvinegar

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

26) RecombinantDNAtechnologycanbeusedtomakeallofthefollowing except

A) Vaccines.

B) Humanhormones.

C) Drugs.

D) Life.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

27) Thebestdefinitionofbiotechnologyis

A) ThedevelopmentofrecombinantDNAtechnology.

B) Theuseoflivingorganismstomakedesiredproducts.

C) Curingdiseases.

D) Theuseofmicroorganismsinsewagetreatment.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

28) Youareobservingacellthroughamicroscopeandnotethatithasnoapparentnucleus.You

concludethatitmostlikely

A) Hasapeptidoglycancellwall.

B) Hasacellulosecellwall.

C) Movesbypseudopods.

D) Ispartofamulticellularanimal.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


29) Anucleated,greencellthatmovesbymeansofflagellaisa(n)_____.

A) Alga

B) Bacterium

C) Fungus

D) Helminth

E) Virus

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

30) AnagentthatreproducesincellsbutisnotcomposedofcellsandcontainsRNAasitsgenetic

materialisa(n)_____.

A) Alga

B) Bacterium

C) Fungus

D) Helminth

E) Virus

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

31) Amulticellularorganismthathaschitincellwallsandabsorbsorganicmaterialisa(n)_____.

A) Alga

B) Bacterium

C) Fungus

D) Helminth

E) Virus

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

32) Amulticellularorganismthathasamouthandlivesinananimalhostisa(n)_____.

A) Alga

B) Bacterium

C) Fungus

D) Helminth

E) Virus

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


33) InthenameEscherichiacoli,coli isthe

A) Domain.

B) Kingdom.

C) Genus.

D) Specificepithet.

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


A) Lancefieldimmunology

B) Weizmannvirology

C) Jennerimmunology

D) JacobandMonodmicrobialgenetics

E) Winogradskymicrobialecology

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

35) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?

A) Recyclingelements

B) Humandiseases

C) Sewagetreatment

D) Bioremediation

E) Insectcontrol

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

36) Youarelookingatawhitecottonygrowthonaculturemedium.Microscopicexamination

revealsitismulticellular.Youcanconcludeallofthefollowingaboutthisorganism exceptthat

it

A) Hascellwalls.

B) HasDNAenclosedinanucleus.

C) Iseukaryotic.

D) Isabacterium.

E) Absorbsorganicnutrients.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


37) AllmembersofthefollowinggroupscontainDNAexcept

A) Bacteria.

B) Fungi.

C) Helminths.

D) Protozoa.

E) Viruses.

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

38) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?

A) Cellulose

B) Chitin

C) Nucleus

D) Peptidoglycan

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

39) Allofthefollowinghavecellwallsexcept

A) Animalia.

B) Bacteria.

C) Fungi.

D) Plantae.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

40) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?

A) Animalia

B) Fungi

C) Helminth

D) Plantae

E) Protista

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding


41) Fungidifferfrombacteriabecausefungi

A) Havecellwalls.

B) HaveDNA.

C) Haveanucleus.

D) Spoilfood.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

42) Archaeadifferfrombacteriabecausearchaea

A) Lackpeptidoglycan.

B) Lacknuclei.

C) Useorganiccompoundsforfood.

D) Reproducebybinaryfission.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

43) Bacteriadifferfromvirusesbecausebacteria

A) HaveDNAandRNA.

B) Havecells.

C) Canlivewithoutahost.

D) Alloftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

44) Whichofthefollowinglackanucleus?

A) Animalia

B) Bacteria

C) Fungi

D) Protozoa

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


45) Sourdoughbreaddiffersfromconventionalbreadduringleaveningbecause

A) Yeastsproducecarbondioxideandethylalcohol.

B) Yeastsproduceacid.

C) Lactobacillusproduceacids.

D) Acidsareaddedtoitduringrising.

E) Ofthetemperatureandhumidity.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

EssayQuestions

1) In1835Bassishowedthatasilkwormdiseasewascausedbyafungus,andin1865Pasteur

foundanothersilkwormdiseasewascausedbyaprotozoan.WhydoweuseKochspostulates

insteadofBassisorPasteurspostulates?

2) ListtwoexamplesofbiotechnologythatinvolverecombinantDNAtechnologyandtwo

examplesthatdonot.

3) PaulBergreceivedtheNobelPrizefordevelopingtheprocedureforincorporatingfragments

ofanimalDNAintobacteria.Listsomereasonswhyhisworkwasamajorcontributionto

science.

Chapter2 ChemicalPrinciples

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueabouttheatom

A) Ithas6protonsinitsnucleus.

B) Ithas12neutronsinitsnucleus.

C) Ithas6electronsorbitingthenucleus.

D) Itsatomicnumberis6.

E) Itsatomicweightis12.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

12

C?

6

Table2.1

16

O

8

12

C

6

1

H

1

2) Calculatethemolecularweightofethylalcohol,C 2H5OH,usingtheinformationinTable2.1.

A) 96

B) 46

C) 34

D) 33

E) Canttell

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

3) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutenzymes?

A) Enzymesaremadeofproteins.

B) Enzymeslowertheactivationenergyofareaction.

C) Enzymesincreasethenumberofcollisionsinachemicalreaction.

D) Enzymesarenotusedupinareaction.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

13


4) Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A) Saltsreadilydissolveinwater.

B) Watermoleculesareformedbyhydrolysis.

C) Waterfreezesfromthetopdown.

D) Waterisapartofadehydrationreaction.

E) Waterisapolarmolecule.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

5) WhichofthefollowingisthetypeofbondholdingK+ andI- ionsinKI?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

6) Whichofthefollowingisthetypeofbondbetweenmoleculesofwaterinabeakerofwater?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

7) WhatarethetypeofbondsholdinghydrogenandoxygenatomsinthemoleculeofH 2O?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples15

8) Identifythefollowingreaction:Glucose+ fructose sucrose+ water

A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction

B) Hydrolysisreaction

C) Exchangereaction

D) Reversiblereaction

E) Ionicreaction

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

9) Identifythefollowingreaction:Lactose+ H2O glucose+ galactose



C) Exchangereaction


E) Ionicreaction

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

10) Identifythefollowingreaction:HCl+ NaHCO3 NaCl+ H2CO3



C) Exchangereaction


E) Ionicreaction

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

11) Identifythefollowingreaction:NH4OH NH3 + H2O



C) Exchangereaction


E) Ionicreaction

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


12) Whichtypeofmoleculecontainsthealcoholglycerol?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Nucleicacids

D) Proteins

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

13) Whichtypeofmoleculeiscomposedof(CH 2O)units?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Nucleicacids

D) Proteins

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

14) Whichtypeofmoleculecontains-NH2 groups?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Nucleicacids

D) Proteins

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

15) Whichtypeofmoleculenevercontainsaphosphategroup?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Nucleicacids

D) Proteins

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall


16) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueabouttheatom

A) Ithas8protonsinitsnucleus.

B) Ithas8electronsinitsnucleus.

C) Ithas8neutronsinitsnucleus.

D) Itsatomicnumberis8.

E) Itsatomicweightis16.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

16

O?

8

Table2.1

16

O

8

12

C

6

1

H

1

17) Calculatethenumberofmolesin92gramsofethylalcohol,C 2H5OH,usingtheinformationin

Table2.1.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) Canttell

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnot true?

A) Enzymesaremadeofproteins.

B) Enzymesareusedupinachemicalreaction.

C) Enzymeslowertheactivationenergyrequiredforareaction.

D) Enzymesincreasetheprobabilityofareaction.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall



A) NaOHNa ++OH- base

B) HFH+ +F - acid

C) MgSO 4Mg2++SO42-salt

D) KH2PO4K+ +H2 PO4-acid

E) H2SO42H + +SO42-acid

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

Table2.2

Refertothesereactionstoanswerthequestionbelow.

NaOHNa+ +OH- base

HFH+ +F- acid

MgSO 4 Mg 2+ +SO42-salt

KH2 PO4 K+ H2 PO4-acid

H2 SO4 2H+ +SO42-salt

20) WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthereactionsinTable2.2?

A) Theyareexchangereactions.

B) Theyareionizationreactions.

C) Theyoccurwhenthereactantsaredissolvedinwater.

D) Theyaredissociationreactions.

E) Theyarereversiblereactions.

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

21) Whatisthetypeofbondbetweenthehydrogenofonemoleculeandthenitrogenofanother

molecule?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


22) Whatisthetypeofbondbetweencarbon,hydrogen,andoxygenatomsinorganicmolecules?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

23) Whattypeofbondisbetweenionsinsalt?

A) Ionicbond

B) Covalentbond

C) Hydrogenbond

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

24) Identifythefollowingreaction:H2O+ CO 2 H2CO 3



C) Exchangereaction


E) Covalentreaction

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

25) Identifythefollowingreaction:Glycine+ lysine dipeptide+ H2O



C) Exchangereaction


E) Covalentreaction

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis


26) Identifythefollowingreaction:Sucrose+ H2O glucose+ fructose



C) Exchangereaction


E) Covalentreaction

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

27) Structurally,ATPismostlikethistypeofmolecule.

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Proteins

D) Nucleicacids

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

28) Whichmoleculehaschemicalsingenes?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Proteins

D) Nucleicacids

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

29) Whichmoleculeiscomposedofachainofaminoacids?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Proteins

D) Nucleicacids

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


30) Thesearetheprimarymoleculesmakingupplasmamembranesincells.

A) Carbohydrates

B) Lipids

C) Proteins

D) Nucleicacids

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

31) Theantimicrobialdrugimidazoleinhibitssterolsynthesis.Thiswouldmostlikelyinterfere

with

A) Bacterialcellwalls.

B) Fungalcellwalls.

C) Eukaryoticplasmamembranes.

D) Prokaryoticplasmamembranes.

E) Genes.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

Figure2.1

32) InFigure2.1,whichisanalcohol?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


33) InFigure2.1,whichisanester?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

34) InFigure2.1,whichisanorganicacid?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


Figure2.2

35) UseFigure2.2toanswerthefollowingquestion.Archaeadifferfrombacteriainthe

compositionofthecellmembranelipids.Archaeahaveether-bondedlipidsshownin__(1)__

Figure2.2andbacteriahaveester-bondedlipidsshownin__(2)__inFigure2.2.

A) 1-b;2-a

B) 1-b;2-c

C) 1-a;2-c

D) 1-c;2-d

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


Figure2.3

36) WhatkindofbondisatthearrowinFigure2.3?

A) Ionicbond

B) Hydrogenbond

C) Peptidebond

D) Doublecovalentbond

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


Figure2.4

37) WhatkindofbondisatthearrowinFigure2.4?

A) Ionicbond

B) Hydrogenbond

C) Peptidebond

D) Doublecovalentbond

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

38) AnE.coliculturethathasbeengrowingat37Cismovedto25C.Whichofthefollowing

changesmustbemadeinitsplasmamembrane?

A) Increasethenumberofphosphategroups.

B) Increasetheviscosity.

C) Increasethenumberofsaturatedchains.

D) Increasethenumberofunsaturatedchains.

E) Nochangesarenecessary.

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding


39) AssumeSaccharomycescerevisiae isgrowninanutrientmediumcontainingtheradioisotope

35S.After48hrincubation,the 35SwouldmostlikelybefoundintheS.cerevisiaes

A) Carbohydrates.

B) Nucleicacids.

C) Water.

D) Lipids.

E) Proteins.

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding

40) AssumeSaccharomycescerevisiae isgrowninanutrientmediumcontainingtheradioisotope

32P.After48hrincubation,the 32PwouldmostlikelybefoundintheS.cerevisiaes

A) Plasmamembrane.

B) Cellwall.

C) Water.

D) Proteins.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

41) Starch,dextran,glycogen,andcellulosearepolymersof

A) Aminoacids.

B) Glucose.

C) Fattyacids.

D) Nucleicacids.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

42) Whichofthefollowingisabase?

A) C2H5OCOOHH+ +C 2H5OCOO-

B) C2H5OH

C) NaOHNa + +OH-

D) H2OH+ +OH-

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


43) Twoglucosemoleculesarecombinedtomakeamaltosemolecule.Thechemicalformulafor

maltoseis

A) C3H6O3

B) C6H12O6

C) C12H24O12

D) C12H22O11

E) C12H23O10

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

44) Desulfovibriobacteriacanperformthefollowingreaction:S 6- S2- Thesebacteriaare

A) Synthesizingsulfur.

B) Reducingsulfur.

C) Hydrolyzingsulfur.

D) Oxidizingsulfur.

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

45) Oil-degradingbacteriaarenaturallypresentintheenvironmentbutcannotdegradeanoil

spillfastenoughtoavoidecologicaldamage.Theactionsofthesebacteriacanbespeededup

by

A) Providingoilforthem.

B) Providingsugarasacarbonsource.

C) Providingnitrogenandphosphorus.

D) Addingwater.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

EssayQuestions

1) Describehowthepropertiesofphospholipidsmakethesemoleculeswell-suitedforplasma

membranes.


Figure2.5

2) UseFigure2.5toanswerthefollowingquestion.Starch,cellulose,dextran,andglycogenare

polysaccharides.Howaretheysimilar?Towhataretheirdifferentpropertiesdue?Whycant

anenzymethathydrolyzesstarchdegradecellulose?

Chapter3 ObservingMicroorganisms

ThroughaMicroscope

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingisnotequalto1m?

A) 106m

B) 109nm

C) 10dm

D) 100mm

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

2) Whatstructuredoeslightpassthroughafterleavingthecondenserinacompoundlight

microscope?

A) Ocularlens

B) Objectivelens

C) Specimen

D) Illuminator

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


A) Gram-negativebacteria negativestain

B) Iodinemordant

C) Alcoholacetone-decolorizer

D) Acid-alcoholdecolorizer

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

29


4) PlacethestepsoftheGramstaininthecorrectorder:

1-Alcohol-acetone;2-Crystalviolet;3-Safranin;4-Iodine.

A) 1-2-3-4

B) 2-1-4-3

C) 2-4-1-3

D) 4-3-2-1

E) 1-3-2-4

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


A) Alcohol-acetonedecolorizer

B) Crystalvioletbasicdye

C) Safraninaciddye

D) Iodinemordant

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

6) Thecounterstainintheacid-faststainis

A) Abasicdye.

B) Anaciddye.

C) Anegativestain.

D) Amordant.

E) Necessarytodetermineacid-fastcells.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

7) ThepurposeofamordantintheGramstainis

A) Toremovethesimplestain.

B) Tomakethebacterialcellslarger.

C) Tomaketheflagellavisible.

D) Topreventthecrystalvioletfromleavingthecells.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 31

8) Placethefollowingstepsinthecorrectsequence:

1-Staining;2-Makingasmear;3-Fixing.

A) 1-2-3

B) 3-2-1

C) 2-3-1

D) 1-3-2

E) Theorderdoesntmatter

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

9) Thebestuseofanegativestainis

A) Todeterminecellsize.

B) Todeterminecellshape.

C) TodetermineGramreaction.

D) Toseeendospores.

E) AandB

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

10) Simplestainingisoftennecessarytoimprovecontrastinthismicroscope.

A) Compoundlightmicroscope

B) Phase-contrastmicroscope

C) Darkfieldmicroscope

D) Fluorescencemicroscope

E) Electronmicroscope

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

11) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseeinternalstructuresofcellsinanaturalstate.






Answer: B

Skill:Recall


12) Whichofthefollowingmicroscopesusesvisiblelight?

A) Confocalmicroscope

B) DIC

C) Fluorescencemicroscope

D) Scanningacousticmicroscope

E) Scanningelectronmicroscope

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

13) Thismicroscopeachievesthehighestmagnificationandgreatestresolution.






Answer: E

Skill:Recall

14) Inthismicroscope,theobserverdoesnotlookatanimagethroughalens.






Answer: E

Skill:Recall

15) Thismicroscopeproducesanimageofalightcellagainstadarkbackground;internal

structuresarenotvisible.






Answer: C

Skill:Recall


16) Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?

A) 1m=10-6m

B) 1nm=10-9m

C) 1m=103nm

D) 1m=10-3mm

E) 1nm=10-6m

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

17) ThecounterstainintheGramstainis

A) Anegativestain.

B) Amordant.

C) Abasicdye.

D) Anaciddye.

E) NecessarytodeterminetheGramreaction.

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding


Figure3.1

18) InFigure3.1lineApointstothemicroscopes

A) illuminator.

B) condenser.

C) ocularlens.

D) objectivelens.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

19) InFigure3.1lineBpointstothemicroscopes

A) illuminator.

B) condenser.

C) ocularlens.

D) objectivelens.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

20) InFigure3.1lineCpointstothemicroscopes

A) illuminator.

B) condenser.

C) ocularlens.

D) objectivelens.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


21) Thelightthathitsthespecimenisscatteredanddoesnotcomedirectlyfromthelightsourcein

thismicroscope.






Answer: C

Skill:Recall

22) Thismicroscopeisusedtoobserveaspecimenthatemitslightwhenilluminatedwithan

ultravioletlight.






Answer: D

Skill:Recall

23) Thismicroscopedoesnotusealight.






Answer: E

Skill:Recall

24) Thismicroscopetakesadvantageofdifferencesintherefractiveindexesofcellstructures.






Answer: B

Skill:Recall


25) Theappearanceofgram-positivebacteriaafteradditionofthefirstdyeintheGramstain.

A) Purple

B) Red

C) Colorless

D) Brown

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

26) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaafteradditionofthemordantintheGramstain.

A) Purple

B) Red

C) Colorless

D) Brown

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

27) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaafteradditionofthedecolorizingagentintheGram

stain.

A) Purple

B) Red

C) Colorless

D) Brown

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

28) Theappearanceofgram-positivebacteriaafteraddingthecounterstainintheGramstain.

A) Purple

B) Red

C) Colorless

D) Brown

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


29) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaaftercompletingtheGramstain.

A) Purple

B) Red

C) Colorless

D) Brown

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


A) Confocalmicroscopeproducesathree-dimensionalimage

B) Darkfieldmicroscopeusesvisiblelight

C) Fluorescencemicroscope usesafluorescentlight

D) Scanningelectronmicroscope producesathree-dimensionalimage

E) Scanningtunnelingmicroscope allowsvisualizationofatoms

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

31) Whatisthetotalmagnificationofachloroplastviewedwitha10 ocularlensanda45

objectivelens?

A) 10

B) 45

C) 100

D) 450

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

32) Yoususpecta100nmstructureispresentinacell.Whichofthefollowingprovidesthelowest

magnificationthatyoucanusetoseethisstructure?

A) Brightfieldmicroscope

B) Darkfieldmicroscope

C) Transmissionelectronmicroscope

D) Phase-contrastmicroscope

E) Scanningelectronmicroscope

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis


33) Thismicroscopeusestwobeamsoflighttoproduceathree-dimensional,colorimage.

A) Fluorescencemicroscope



D) DICmicroscope

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

34) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseeintracellulardetail.




D) DICmicroscope

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

35) Imagelookslikeanegativestaininthismicroscope:




D) DICmicroscope

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

36) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseedetailofa300nmvirus.




D) DICmicroscope

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Recall


37) AssumeyoustainBacillusbyapplyingmalachitegreenwithheatandthencounterstaining

withsafranin.Throughthemicroscope,thegreenstructuresare

A) Cellwalls.

B) Capsules.

C) Endospores.

D) Flagella.

E) Canttell.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

38) CellsaredifferentiatedafterwhichstepintheGramstain?

A) Safranin

B) Alcohol-acetone

C) Iodine

D) Crystalviolet

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

39) YoufindcolorlessareasincellsinaGram-stainedsmear.Whatshouldyoudonext?

A) Anacid-faststain

B) Aflagellastain

C) Acapsulestain

D) Anendosporestain

E) Asimplestain

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

40) WhatGramreactiondoyouexpectfromacid-fastbacteria?

A) Gram-positive

B) Gram-negative

C) Bothgram-positiveandgram-negative

D) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


41) Bacterialsmearsarefixedbeforestainingto

A) Killthebacteria.

B) Affixthecellstotheslide.

C) Maketheirwallspermeable.

D) AandB.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

42) Theresolutionofamicroscopecanbeimprovedbychangingthe

A) Condenser.

B) Fineadjustment.

C) Wavelengthoflight.

D) Diaphragm.

E) Coarseadjustment.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

43) VanLeeuwenhoeksmicroscopewasa(n)

A) Electronmicroscope.

B) Phase-contrastmicroscope.

C) Simplemicroscope.

D) Confocalmicroscope.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

44) Thepurposeoftheocularlensisto

A) Improveresolution.

B) Magnifytheimagefromtheobjectivelens.

C) Decreasetherefractiveindex.

D) Increasethelight.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


45) Thesignalmoleculeproducedinquorumsensingis

A) Counterstain.

B) Inducer.

C) Light.

D) Simplestain.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

EssayQuestions

1) In1877,RobertKochthoughtpreparingpermanentlystainedslideswouldbevaluable.Why

washisassessmentcorrect?

2) In1884,HansChristianGramdescribedamethodofstainingbacterialcellswhilenotstaining

surroundinganimaltissues.However,hethoughtthatthestainingmethodhedevelopedwas

faultybecauseallbacteriadidnotstain.InalettertotheeditorofthejournalinwhichGram

publishedhisfindings,writeyourresponsetoGramsconcern.

Chapter4 FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryotic

andEukaryoticCells

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingisnotadistinguishingcharacteristicofprokaryoticcells?

A) TheirDNAisnotenclosedwithinamembrane.

B) Theylackmembrane-enclosedorganelles.

C) Theyhavecellwallscontainingpeptidoglycan.

D) TheirDNAisnotassociatedwithhistones.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

2) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutagram-positivecellwall?

A) Itmaintainstheshapeofthecell.

B) Itissensitivetolysozyme.

C) Itprotectsthecellinahypertonicenvironment.

D) Itcontainsteichoicacids.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

3) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhathappenswhenabacterialcellisplacedina

solutioncontaining5%NaCl?

A) Sucrosewillmoveintothecellfromahighertoalowerconcentration.

B) Thecellwillundergoosmoticlysis.

C) Waterwillmoveoutofthecell.

D) Waterwillmoveintothecell.

E) Nochangewillresult;thesolutionisisotonic.

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

42

CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 43

4) Thebestdefinitionofosmoticpressureis

A) Themovementofsolutemoleculesfromahighertoalowerconcentration.

B) Theforcewithwhichasolventmovesacrossasemi-permeablemembranefromahigher

toalowerconcentration.

C) Themovementofasubstanceacrossasemi-permeablemembranefromahighertoa

lowerconcentration.

D) Theactivetransportofasubstanceoutofacelltomaintainequilibrium.

E) Themovementofsolutemoleculesfromalowertoahigherconcentrationacrossa

semi-permeablemembrane.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

5) Bywhichofthefollowingmechanismscanacelltransportasubstancefromalowertoa

higherconcentration?

A) Simplediffusion

B) Facilitateddiffusion

C) Activetransport

D) Extracellularenzymes

E) Anyoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

6) Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicoftheplasmamembrane?

A) Maintainscellshape

B) Composedofaphospholipidbilayer

C) Containsproteins

D) Thesiteofcellwallformation

E) Selectivelypermeable

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


7) Allofthefollowingarelackingacellwallexcept

A) Protoplasts.

B) Fungi.

C) Lforms.

D) Mycoplasmas.

E) Animalcells.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

8) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A) Endosporesareforreproduction.

B) Endosporesallowacelltosurviveenvironmentalchanges.

C) EndosporesareeasilystainedinaGramstain.

D) Acellproducesoneendosporeandkeepsgrowing.

E) Acellcanproducemanyendospores.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


A) Endoplasmicreticulum internaltransport

B) Golgicomplexsecretion

C) MitochondriaATPproduction

D) Centrosomefoodstorage

E) Lysosomedigestiveenzymes

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

10) Whichofthefollowingorganellesmostcloselyresemblesaprokaryoticcell?

A) Nucleus

B) Mitochondrion

C) Golgicomplex

D) Vacuole

E) Cellwall

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


Figure4.1

11) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisatetrad?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

12) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingpossessesanaxialfilament?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

13) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisstreptococci?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


14) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisbacilli?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

15) Whichofthefollowingisgenerallynottrueofprokaryoticcells?

A) Theyhaveasemirigidcellwall.

B) Theyaremotilebymeansofflagella.

C) Theypossess80Sribosomes.

D) Theyreproducebybinaryfission.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

16) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutgram-negativecellwalls?

A) Theyprotectthecellinahypotonicenvironment.

B) Theyhaveanextraouterlayercomposedoflipoproteins,lipopolysaccharides,and

phospholipids.

C) Theyaretoxictohumans.

D) Theyaresensitivetopenicillin.

E) TheirGramreactionisduetotheoutermembrane.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

17) Whichofthefollowingisnotastructurefoundinprokaryoticcells?

A) Flagella

B) Axialfilament

C) Cilia

D) Pili

E) Peritrichousflagella

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


18) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheglycocalyx?

A) Itmaybecomposedofpolysaccharide.

B) Itmaybecomposedofpolypeptide.

C) Itmayberesponsibleforvirulence.

D) Itisusedtoadheretosurfaces.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

19) Whichofthefollowingisnotachemicalcomponentofabacterialcellwall?

A) Cellulose

B) Peptidoglycan

C) Teichoicacids

D) Peptidechains

E) N-acetylmuramicacid

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

20) Whichofthefollowingisnotpartoftheactivetransportprocess?

A) Plasmamembrane

B) Transporterproteins

C) ATP

D) Cellwall

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


Figure4.2

21) WhichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthecellinFigure4.2?

A) Peritrichousflagella

B) Amphitrichousflagella

C) Lophotrichousflagella

D) Monotrichousflagella

E) Axialfilament

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

22) Inbacteria,photosyntheticpigmentsarefoundin

A) Chloroplasts.

B) Cytoplasm.

C) Chromatophores.

D) Mesosomes.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

23) Thedifferencebetweensimplediffusionandfacilitateddiffusionisthatfacilitateddiffusion

A) Canmovematerialsfromahighertoalowerconcentration.

B) Canmovematerialsfromalowertoahigherconcentration.

C) RequiresATP.

D) Requirestransporterproteins.

E) DoesntrequireATP.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


24) Possiblefunctionsofmagnetosomesincludeallofthefollowingexcept

A) GetcellstotheNorthPole.

B) Protectcellsfromhydrogenperoxideaccumulation.

C) Composedofironoxide.

D) Locatesuitableenvironments.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

25) Whichofthefollowingcellstructureshasaroleintheinitiationofdisease?

A) Gram-positivecellwall

B) LipidA

C) Cellmembrane

D) Fimbriae

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

26) Fimbriaeandpilidifferinthatpili

A) Arecomposedofpilin.

B) Arecomposedofflagellin.

C) AreusedtotransferDNA.

D) Areusedforasexualreproduction.

E) Areusedforattachment.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall


Figure4.3

27) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisagram-negativecellwall?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

28) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisatoxiccellwall?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

29) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallhasawallthatprotectsagainstosmoticlysis?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


30) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisdecolorizedbyacetone -alcohol?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

31) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisresistanttomanyantibiotics(e.g.,penicillin)?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

32) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallcontainsteichoicacids?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

33) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallcontainsporins?

A) a

B) b

C) Bothaandb

D) Neitheranorb

E) Canttell

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


34) Wherearephospholipidsmostlikelyfoundinaprokaryoticcell?

A) Flagella

B) Aroundorganelles

C) Plasmamembrane

D) Ribosomes

E) BandC

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

35) Wherearephospholipidsmostlikelyfoundinaeukaryoticcell?

A) Flagella

B) Aroundorganelles

C) Plasmamembrane

D) Ribosomes

E) BandC

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding

36) Allofthefollowingcanbefoundinmitochondriaandprokaryotesexcept

A) Circularchromosome.

B) 70Sribosomes.

C) Cellwall.

D) Binaryfission.

E) ATP-generatingmechanism.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

37) Foundinarchaea.

A) Pseudomurein

B) Sterol-richcellmembranes

C) Peptidoglycan

D) Nucleus

E) AandC

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding


38) Foundinmycoplasmas.

A) Pseudomurein

B) Sterol-richcellmembranes

C) Peptidoglycan

D) Nucleus

E) AandC

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

39) Youhaveisolatedamotile,gram-positivecellwithnovisiblenucleus.Youcansafelyassume

thatthecell

A) Has9pairs+2flagella.

B) Hasamitochondrion.

C) Hasacellwall.

D) Livesinanextremeenvironment.

E) Hasanucleus.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

40) Whatwillhappenifabacterialcellisplacedindistilledwaterwithlysozyme?

A) Thecellwillplasmolyze.


C) Waterwillleavethecell.

D) Lysozymewilldiffuseintothecell.


Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

41) Whatwillhappenifabacterialcellisplacedin10%NaClwithpenicillin?

A) Thecellwillplasmolyze.


C) Waterwillenterthecell.

D) Penicillinwilldiffuseintothecell.


Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


42) Whichoneofthefollowingpairsisnot correctlymatched?

A) Metachromaticgranules phosphatestorage

B) Lipidinclusionsenergyreserve

C) Ribosomesproteinstorage

D) Sulfurgranulesenergyreserve

E) Gasvacuolesflotation

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

43) Allofthefollowingareenergyreservesexcept

A) Carboxysomes.

B) Polysaccharidegranules.

C) Lipidinclusions.

D) Sulfurgranules.

E) Metachromaticgranules.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

44) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot afunctionallyanalogouspair?

A) Nucleusnuclearregion

B) Mitochondriaprocaryoticplasmamembrane

C) Chloroplaststhylakoids

D) Ciliapili

E) 9+2flagellabacterialflagella

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

45) Thebacteriaontheoutsideoftermiteprotozoa

A) Digestcellulose.

B) Steertheprotozoantofood.

C) Aretransientmicrobiota.

D) Propeltheprotozoan.

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


EssayQuestions

1) Whatistheimportanceofaphospholipidbilayertolivingcells?Whereisitinprokaryotic

cells?

2) Provideevidencetosubstantiatethehypothesisthateukaryoticcellsevolvedfromprokaryotic

cells.

3) Compareandcontrastgram-positiveandgram-negativecellwallswithregardto(a)

sensitivitytoantimicrobialagents,(b)resistancetophagocytosis,(c)chemicalcomposition,

and(d)decolorizationbyalcohol.

4) GroupA,hemolyticstreptococci(theflesh-eatingbacteria)rapidlyspreadsthroughthe

humanbodybydigestingthehyaluronicacidbetweencells.Labeltheplasmamembrane

shownbelowtoillustratedigestionofthepolysaccharide,hyaluronicacid.

Addtheselabelstothediagramintheappropriateplaces:

hyaluronicacid(apolysaccharide);GluUA-GlcNAc(adisaccharide);

glucose(amonosaccharide);hyaluronidase(anexoenzyme);

hyaluronicacidtransporterprotein.

Chapter5 MicrobialMetabolism

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingcompoundsisnot anenzyme?

A) Dehydrogenase

B) Cellulase

C) CoenzymeA

D) -galactosidase

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

Figure5.1

2) WhichcompoundisbeingreducedinthereactioninFigure5.1?

A) Isocitricacidand-ketoglutaricacid

B) -ketoglutaricacidandNAD+

C) NAD+

D) NADH

E) NADHandisocitricacid

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

56

CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism57

3) Whichorganismisnotcorrectlymatchedtoitsenergysource?

A) Photoheterotrophlight

B) PhotoautotrophCO2

C) ChemoautotrophFe2+

D) Chemoheterotrophglucose

E) ChemoautotrophNH3

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

4) HowmanymoleculesofATPcanbegeneratedfromthecompleteoxidationofglucosetoCO 2

andH2O?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 34

D) 38

E) 76

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

5) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutanaerobicrespiration?

A) Itinvolvesglycolysisonly.

B) ItinvolvestheKrebscycle.

C) Itinvolvesthereductionofnitrate.

D) ItgeneratesATP.

E) Itrequirescytochromes.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall


Figure5.2

6) WhattypeofreactionisinFigure5.2?

A) Decarboxylation

B) Transamination

C) Dehydrogenation

D) Oxidation

E) Reduction

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

7) Whatisthefateofpyruvicacidinanorganismthatusesaerobicrespiration?

A) Itisreducedtolacticacid.

B) ItisoxidizedintheKrebscycle.

C) Itisoxidizedintheelectrontransportchain.

D) Itiscatabolizedinglycolysis.

E) ItisreducedintheKrebscycle.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


Figure5.3

8) Howwouldanoncompetitiveinhibitorinterferewithareactioninvolvingtheenzymein

Figure5.3?

A) Itwouldbindtoa.

B) Itwouldbindtob.

C) Itwouldbindtoc.

D) Itwouldbindtod.

E) Canttell.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

Figure5.4

9) HowisATPgeneratedinthereactioninFigure5.4?

A) Glycolysis

B) Fermentation

C) Photophosphorylation

D) Oxidativephosphorylation

E) Substrate-levelphosphorylation

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis


10) Fattyacidsarecatabolizedin

A) TheKrebscycle.

B) Theelectrontransportchain.

C) Glycolysis.

D) Thepentosephosphatepathway.

E) TheEntnerDoudoroffpathway.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

Figure5.5

11) WhichofthegraphsinFigure5.5bestillustratestheactivityofanenzymethatissaturated

withsubstrate?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

12) Accordingtothechemiosmoticmechanism,ATPisgeneratedwhen

A) Electronsaretransferredbetweencarriermolecules.

B) Ahigh-energyphosphategroupistransferredfromanintermediatemetabolitetoADP.

C) Chlorophyllliberatesanelectron.

D) Protonsaremovedacrossamembrane.

E) Cellslyseinahypotonicenvironment.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


13) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionofoxidativephosphorylation?

A) ElectronsarepassedthroughaseriesofcarrierstoO2.

B) TheenergyreleasedascarriermoleculesareoxidizedisusedtogenerateATP.

C) TheenergyreleasedinthereductionofcarriermoleculesisusedtogenerateATP.

D) Thetransferofahigh-energyphosphategrouptoADP.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

14) Allthefollowingaretrueaboutsubstrate-levelphosphorylationexcept

A) Itinvolvesthedirecttransferofahigh-energyphosphategroupfromanintermediate

metaboliccompoundtoADP.

B) Nofinalelectronacceptorisrequired.

C) Itoccursinglycolysis.

D) Theoxidationofintermediatemetaboliccompoundsreleasesenergythatisusedto

generateATP.

E) Alloftheabovearetrue.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

15) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutphotophosphorylation?

A) Lightliberatesanelectronfromchlorophyll.

B) Theoxidationofcarriermoleculesreleasesenergy.

C) EnergyfromoxidationreactionsisusedtogenerateATPfromADP.

D) ItrequiresCO2.

E) Itoccursinphotosynthesizingcells.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

16) Whichofthefollowingisnotanend-productoffermentation?

A) Lacticacid

B) Ethylalcohol

C) Glycerol

D) Pyruvicacid

E) Acetone

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


17) Astrictlyfermentativebacteriumproducesenergy

A) Byglycolysisonly.

B) Byaerobicrespirationonly.

C) Byfermentationoraerobicrespiration.

D) Onlyintheabsenceofoxygen.

E) Onlyinthepresenceofoxygen.

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

18) Theadvantageofthepentosephosphatepathwayisthatitproducesallofthefollowing except

A) Precursorsfornucleicacids.

B) Precursorsforthesynthesisofglucose.

C) ThreeATPs.

D) NADPH.

E) Precursorsforthesynthesisofaminoacids.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

19) WhatpercentofthetotalATPproducedfromthecompletecatabolismofglucoseisproduced

byaerobicrespiration?

A) 5%

B) 11%

C) 50%

D) 89%

E) 95%

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

20) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutbetaoxidation?

A) Itisamethodofcatabolizingfattyacids.

B) Itinvolvestheformationof2-carbonunits.

C) Itinvolvestheformationofacetyl-CoA.

D) Itisastepinglycolysis.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


21) Innoncyclicphotophosphorylation,O2 isproducedfrom

A) CO 2

B) H2 O

C) C6 H12O6

D) Sunlight

E) Chlorophyll

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

22) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionoffermentation?

A) Thereductionofglucosetopyruvicacid.

B) Theoxidationofglucosewithorganicmoleculesservingaselectronacceptors.

C) ThecompletecatabolismofglucosetoCO 2 andH 2O.

D) Theproductionofenergybysubstrate-levelphosphorylation.

E) Theproductionofethylalcoholfromglucose.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

23) Whichofthefollowingisnotnecessaryforrespiration?

A) Cytochromes

B) Flavoproteins

C) Asourceofelectrons

D) Oxygen

E) Quinones

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

24) Aerobicrespirationdiffersfromanaerobicrespirationinwhichofthefollowingrespects?

A) Anaerobicrespirationisglycolysis.

B) Thefinalelectronacceptorsaredifferent.

C) Aerobicrespirationrequirestheelectrontransportchain.

D) AerobicrespirationgetselectronsfromtheKrebscycle.

E) AerobicrespirationproducesmoreATP.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


25) WhichoneofthefollowingwouldyoupredictisanallostericinhibitoroftheKrebscycle

enzyme,ketoglutaratedehydrogenase?

A) Citricacid

B) -ketoglutaricacid

C) NAD+

D) NADH

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

26) Ingreenandpurplebacteria,electronstoreduceCO 2 comefrom

A) CO 2

B) H2 O

C) C6 H12O6

D) Sunlight

E) Chlorophyll

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

27) AssumeyouaregrowingbacteriaonalipidmediumthatstartedatpH7.Theactionof

bacteriallipasesshouldcausethepHofthemediumto

A) Increase.

B) Decrease.

C) Staythesame.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

28) UsesCO2forcarbonandH2forenergy.

A) Chemoautotroph

B) Chemoheterotroph

C) Photoautotroph

D) Photoheterotroph

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


29) Usesglucoseforcarbonandenergy.

A) Chemoautotroph

B) Chemoheterotroph

C) Photoautotroph

D) Photoheterotroph

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

30) Hasbacteriochlorophyllsandusesalcoholsforcarbon.

A) Chemoautotroph

B) Chemoheterotroph

C) Photoautotroph

D) Photoheterotroph

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

31) Cyanobacteriaareanexampleofthistype.

A) Chemoautotroph

B) Chemoheterotroph

C) Photoautotroph

D) Photoheterotroph

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


32) Whichstatementsaretrue?

1Electroncarriersarelocatedatribosomes.

2ATPisacommonintermediatebetweencatabolicandanabolicpathways.

3ATPisusedforthelong-termstorageofenergyandsoisoftenfoundinstoragegranules.

4Anaerobicorganismsarecapableofrespiration.

5ATPisgeneratedbytheflowofprotonsacrossthecellmembrane.

A) 2,4,5

B) 1,3,4

C) 2,3,5

D) 1,2,3

E) All

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

Acetobacter

33) C2H5OHC2H3OOH

EthylalcoholAceticacid

A) ThisprocessrequiresO2.

B) Thisprocessoccursanaerobically.

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

34) C5H12O6

Glucose

Saccharomyces

2C2H5OH+2CO2

Ethylalcohol



Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

35) NO3 - +2H +

Nitrateion

Pseudomonas

NO2-+H2O

Nitriteion



Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


36) 2H+

Hydrogenions

E.coli

H2O

Water



Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

37) Assumeyouareworkingforachemicalcompanyandyouareresponsibleforgrowingayeast

culturethatproducesethylalcohol.Theyeastsaregrowingwellonthemaltosemediumbut

arenotproducingalcohol.Themostlikelyexplanationis

A) Themaltoseistoxic.

B) O2isinthemedium.

C) Notenoughproteinisprovided.

D) Yeastsdontproduceethylalcohol.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


Figure5.6

38) TheratesofO2andglucoseconsumptionbyabacterialcultureareshowninFigure5.6.

AssumeabacterialculturewasgrowninaglucosemediumwithoutO2.ThenO2wasadded

atthetimemarkedX.Thedataindicatethat

A) ThesebacteriadontuseO 2.

B) Thesebacteriagetmoreenergyanaerobically.

C) Aerobicmetabolismismoreefficientthanfermentation.

D) Thesebacteriacantgrowanaerobically.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

39) Anenzyme,citratesynthase,intheKrebscycleisinhibitedbyATP;thisisanexampleofallof

thefollowingexcept

A) Allostericinhibition.

B) Competitiveinhibition.

C) Feedbackinhibition.

D) Noncompetitiveinhibition.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


40) Ashippingcompanyemployeenoticesthattheinsideofshipshullswhereballastwateris

storedaredeteriorating.Thehullpaintcontainedcyanidetopreventmicrobialgrowth.Since

bacteriaweregrowingonthehulls,youcanconcludethatthe

A) Bacteriawereusingaerobicrespiration.

B) Bacteriawereusinganaerobicrespiration.

C) Bacteriaweregrowingbyfermentation.

D) Bacteriawereusingcytochromes.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

41) BeggiatoabacteriagetenergybyoxidizingS 2- toS6+ .Thismeanstheytake__(1)__fortheir

__(2)__.

A) 1-electrons;2-electrontransportchain

B) 1-electrons;2-fermentation

C) 1-protons;2-NAD+

D) 1-sulfur;2-photophosphorylation

E) 1-glucose;2-glycolysis

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


Figure5.7

42) ThegraphattheleftofFigure5.7showsthereactionrateforanenzymeatitsoptimum

temperature.Whichgraphshowsenzymeactivityatahighertemperature?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) e

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

43) Abacterialculturegrowninaglucose-peptidemediumcausesthepHtoincrease.The

bacteriaaremostlikely

A) Fermentingtheglucose.

B) Oxidizingtheglucose.

C) Usingthepeptides.

D) Notgrowing.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

44) Gallionellabacteriacangetenergyfromthereaction:Fe 2+Fe3+.Thisreactionisanexample

of

A) Oxidation.

B) Reduction.

C) Fermentation.

D) Photophosphorylation.

E) TheCalvin-Bensoncycle.

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


45) Whenoxygenisunavailable,Halobacterium produceATPby

A) Fermentation.

B) Photophosphorylation.

C) Oxidativephosphorylation.

D) Substrate-levelphosphorylation.

E) TheKrebscycle.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

EssayQuestions

1) Compareandcontrastphotophosphorylationandoxidativephosphorylation.

2) Rhodopseudomonasisananaerobicphotoautotrophthatusesorganiccompoundsasanelectron

donor.Itisalsocapableofchemoheterotrophicmetabolism.Diagramthemetabolicpathways

ofthisbacterium.

3) Identifythecatabolicpathwaysusedbythefollowingbacteria:

PseudomonasOxidizesglucose

LactobacillusFermentsglucose

AlcaligenesNeitheroxidizesnorfermentsglucose

OxidizesandfermentsglucoseEscherichia

4) Differentiatebetweenthefollowingtwolaboratorytests:starchhydrolysisandstarch

fermentation.

5) Streptococcuslacksanelectrontransportchain.HowdoesthisbacteriumreoxidizeNADH?

WhereistheNADHformed?

6) Youlookintherefrigeratoratsomeorangedrinkyouhadforgottenwasthere.Thedrinknow

hasanofftasteandbubbles.Whatisthemostlikelyexplanationforthechangesinthedrink?

7) WhyisClostridiumperfringenslikelytogrowingangrenouswounds?

Chapter6 MicrobialGrowth

ObjectiveQuestions

Figure6.1

1) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsafacultativeanaerobeintheabsenceofO 2?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

2) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestillustratesamesophileat5C aboveitsoptimumtemperature?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

3) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsanobligateanaerobeinthepresenceofO 2?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

72

CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth73

4) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsamesophilewithanoptimumtemperatureof 35C

incubatedat40C?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

5) InFigure6.1,whichlineshowsthegrowthofanobligateaerobeincubatedanaerobically?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

6) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestillustratesthegrowthofafacultativeanaerobeincubated

aerobically?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

7) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsacatalase-negativecellincubatedaerobically?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

8) Micrococciarefacultativehalophiles.InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsthegrowthofM.

luteusinanutrientmediumcontaining7.5%NaCl?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


9) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsapsychrophileincubatedatroomtemperature?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

10) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsapsychrotrophincubatedat0C?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

11) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsNeisseriagonorrhoeae whengrowinginsidethehuman

body?

A) a

B) b

C) c

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

12) Theadditionofwhichofthefollowingtoaculturemediumwillneutralizeacids?

A) Buffers

B) Sugars

C) pH

D) Heat

E) Carbon

Answer: A

Skill:Recall


13) Saltsandsugarsworktopreservefoodsbycreatinga

A) Depletionofnutrients.

B) Hypotonicenvironment.

C) Lowerosmoticpressure.

D) Hypertonicenvironment.

E) LowerpH.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

14) Thetermfacultativeanaerobereferstoanorganismthat

A) Doesntuseoxygenbuttoleratesit.

B) Iskilledbyoxygen.

C) Usesoxygenorgrowswithoutoxygen.

D) Requireslessoxygenthanispresentinair.

E) Preferstogrowwithoutoxygen.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

15) Whichofthefollowingisnotadisadvantageofthestandardplatecount?

A) Cellsmayformaggregates.

B) Requiresincubationtime.

C) Determinesviablecells.

D) Chemicalandphysicalrequirementsaredeterminedbymediaandincubation.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

16) Whichofthefollowingisnotadisadvantageofthedirectmicroscopiccount?

A) Someorganismsaremotile.

B) Enumeratesdeadcells.

C) Noincubationtime.

D) Samplevolumeisunknown.

E) Largenumberofcellsisrequired.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


17) Whichofthefollowingisnotusedtodeterminemetabolicactivity?

A) Acidproductionfromfermentation.

B) CO 2producedfromtheKrebscycle.

C) NO2-producedfromtheelectrontransportchain.

D) Decreaseddissolvedoxygen.

E) Turbidity.

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding

18) Thirty-sixcoloniesgrewinnutrientagarfrom1.0mlofundilutedsampleinastandardplate

count.Howmanycellswereintheoriginalsample?

A) 4

B) 9

C) 18

D) 36

E) 72

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding


Figure6.2

19) InFigure6.2,whichsectionshowsagrowthphasewherethenumberofcellsdyingequalsthe

numberofcellsdividing?

A) a

B) b

C) c

D) d

E) aandc

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

20) InFigure6.2,whichsectionsofthegraphillustratealogarithmicchangeincellnumbers?

A) aandc

B) bandd

C) aandb

D) candd

E) bonly

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


21) MostbacteriagrowbestatpH

A) 1.

B) 5.

C) 7.

D) 9.

E) 14.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

Figure6.3

22) Figure6.3showsthreecontainersofwaterconnectedbytubes.Aselectivelypermeable

membranedivideseachtube.Solutesareaddedtoeachcontainertogivefinalconcentrations

of5%NaClina;10%NaClinb;and5%sucroseinc.Whentheexperimentisfirstsetup,the

initialmovementofwaterwillbe

A) atob;btoc;ctoa.

B) atob;ctob;ctoa.

C) atoc;btoc;ctoa.

D) atoc;ctob;ctoa.

E) btoa;btoc;ctoa.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


23) Aculturemediumonwhichonlygram-positiveorganismsgrowandayellowhalosurrounds

Staphylococcusaureuscoloniesiscalleda(n)

A) Selectivemedium.

B) Differentialmedium.

C) Enrichmentculture.

D) AandB.

E) BandC.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

24) Aculturemediumconsistingofagar,humanblood,andbeefheartisa

A) Chemicallydefinedmedium.

B) Complexmedium.

C) Selectivemedium.

D) Differentialmedium.

E) Reducingmedium.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


A) Psychrotrophgrowthat0C

B) Thermophilegrowthat37C

C) Mesophilegrowthat25C

D) Psychrophilegrowthat15C

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

26) Duringwhichgrowthphasewillgram-positivebacteriabemostsusceptibletopenicillin?

A) Lagphase

B) Logphase

C) Deathphase

D) Stationaryphase

E) Thecultureisequallysusceptibleduringallphases.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding


27) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionofgenerationtime?

A) Thelengthoftimeittakesforlagphase.

B) Thelengthoftimeittakesforacelltodivide.

C) Theminimumrateofdoubling.

D) Thedurationoflogphase.

E) Thetimeittakesfornucleardivision.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

28) Allofthefollowingaredirectmethodstomeasuremicrobialgrowthexcept

A) Directmicroscopiccount.

B) Standardplatecount.

C) Filtration.

D) Metabolicactivity.

E) MPN.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

29) Whichgroupofmicroorganismsismostlikelytospoilafreshwatertroutpreservedwithsalt?

A) Psychrophiles

B) Halophiles

C) Anaerobes

D) Thermophiles

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

30) Whichofthefollowingisanorganicgrowthfactor?

A) Glucose

B) NAD+

C) Peptone

D) NH4H2PO4

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


31) Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofametabolicactivitythatcouldbeusedtomeasure

microbialgrowth?

A) Standardplatecount

B) Glucoseconsumption

C) Directmicroscopiccount

D) Turbidity

E) MPN

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

32) Anexperimentbeganwith4cellsandendedwith128cells.Howmanygenerationsdidthe

cellsgothrough?

A) 64

B) 32

C) 6

D) 5

E) 4

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

33) Threecellswithgenerationtimesof30minutesareinoculatedintoaculturemedium.How

manycellsarethereafter5hours?

A) 32 10

B) 1024

C) 243

D) 48

E) 16

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

34) Whichorganismproducescatalaseandsuperoxidedismutase?

A) Aerobe

B) Aerotolerantanaerobe

C) Obligateanaerobe

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding


35) WhichorganismiskilledbyatmosphericO 2?

A) Aerobe

B) Aerotolerantanaerobe

C) Obligateanaerobe

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

36) Whichofthefollowingshouldnot beincludedinamediumusedtoselectforanitrogen-fixing

chemoheterotroph?

A) KH2PO4

B) (NH4)2SO4

C) Glucose

D) MgSO4

E) Na2HPO4

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

Table6.1

Belowarethreedifferentculturemedia.

MediumA

Na2HPO4

KH2PO4

MgSO 4

CaCl2

NaHCO 3

MediumB

Tidedetergent

Na2HPO4

KH2PO4

MgSO 4

(NH4)2SO4

MediumC

Glucose

Peptone

(NH4)2SO4

KH2PO2

Na2HPO4

37) InTable6.1,whichmedium(media)is(are)chemicallydefined?

A) A

B) B

C) AandB

D) AandC

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis


38) InTable,6.1,inwhichmediumwouldanautotrophgrow?

A) A

B) B

C) AandB

D) AandC

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Analysis

39) Assumeyouinoculated100cellsinto100mlnutrientbroth.Youtheninoculated100cellsof

thesamespeciesinto200mlnutrientbroth.Afterincubationfor24hr,youshouldhave

A) Morecellsinthe100ml.

B) Morecellsinthe200ml.

C) Thesamenumberofcellsinboth.

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

40) Thesourceofnutrientsinnutrientagaris

A) Agar.

B) Nutrient.

C) Peptoneandbeefextract.

D) PeptoneandNaCl.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

41) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:O 2-+O 2-+2H + H2O2+O 2?

A) Catalase

B) Oxidase

C) Peroxidase

D) Superoxidedismutase

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall


42) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:2H 2O2 2H2O+ O 2?

A) Catalase

B) Oxidase

C) Peroxidase


E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

43) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:H 2O2+2H + 2H 2O?

A) Catalase

B) Oxidase

C) Peroxidase


E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

Table6.2

Thefollowingdatashowgrowthoftwobacteriaondifferentmedia.

AmountofGrowth

StaphylococcusaureusStreptococcuspyogenes

Nutrientagar

Nutrientagar+7.5%

NaCl

++

+

++

-

44) ThedatainTable6.2indicatethatS.aureus isa(n)

A) Mesophile.

B) Facultativeanaerobe.

C) Facultativehalophile.

D) Aerobe.

E) Halophile.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


45) ProducersinthehydrothermalventsontheoceanflooruseCO 2 fortheircarbonsourceand

whatforenergy?

A) Light

B) Sulfide

C) Organicmolecules

D) Carbondioxide

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

EssayQuestions

Figure6.4


1) IneachgraphinFigure6.4,theculturewasincubatedat30C inglucoseminimalsaltsbroth,

aerobically.Thebacteriumisafacultativeanaerobewithanoptimumtemperatureof37C,

andcanmetabolizeglucoseandlactose.Indicatehoweachgrowthcurvewouldchangeunder

theconditionsindicatedineachgraph.Drawthenewgraphsorwritenochange.

Table6.3

Bacterialgenerationtimeswerecalculatedinthemediashownbelow.

Allmediawerepreparedwithtapwaterandincubatedaerobicallyinthelight.

Generationtimes(min.)

Pseudomonas

Medium Escherichiacoli aeruginosa Lactobacillus Nitrobacter

NaCI,NO 3 - ,MgSO4

Glucose

Glucose,NaCI

Glucose,NaCI,PO4 3-

Glucose,NaCI,

PO4 3- ,MgSO4

Glucose,NaCI,PO 4 3- ,

MgSO 4 ,8aminoacids

Glucose,NaCI,PO4 3- ,

MgSO 4 ,19aminoacids

25

25

80

0

28

40

0

0

0

100

82

56

0

0

0

200

0

0

0

0

80

0

0

0

43

100

0

0

2) Compareandcontrastthegrowthrequirementsofthebacteria.Whichofthemedia,ifany,are

chemicallydefined?

Chapter7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth

ObjectiveQuestions

1) Whichofthefollowingisbesttosterilizeheat-labilesolutions?

A) Dryheat

B) Autoclave

C) Membranefiltration

D) Pasteurization

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

2) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepatternofmicrobialdeath?

A) Thecellsinapopulationdieataconstantrate.

B) Allthecellsinaculturedieatonce.

C) Allofthecellsinacultureareneverkilled.

D) Thepatternvariesdependingontheantimicrobialagent.

E) Thepatternvariesdependingonthespecies.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

3) Bacterialdeathwillresultfromdamagetowhichofthefollowingstructures?

A) Cellwall

B) Plasmamembrane

C) Proteins

D) Nucleicacids

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

87


4) Whichofthefollowingsubstancescansterilize?

A) Alcohol

B) Phenolics

C) Ethyleneoxide

D) Chlorine

E) Soap

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

5) Whichofthefollowingisusedforsurgicalhandscrubs?

A) Phenol

B) Chlorinebleach

C) Chlorhexidine

D) Soap

E) Glutaraldehyde

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

6) Whichofthefollowingisnotaheavymetal?

A) Silvernitrate

B) Mercurochrome

C) Merthiolate

D) Coppersulfate

E) Chlorine

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

7) Placethefollowingsurfactantsinorderfromthemosteffectivetotheleasteffective

antimicrobialactivity:

1-Soap;2-Anionicdetergent;3-Cationicdetergent.

A) 1,2,3

B) 1,3,2

C) 2,1,3

D) 3,2,1

E) 3,1,2

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

CHAPTER7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth89

8) Theantimicrobialactivityofchlorineisduetowhichofthefollowing?

A) Theformationofhypochlorousacid

B) Theformationofhydrochloricacid

C) Theformationofozone

D) TheformationoffreeO

E) Disruptionoftheplasmamembrane

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

9) Iodophorsdifferfromiodine(I 2)inthatiodophors

A) Dontstain.

B) Arelessirritating.

C) Arelongerlasting.

D) Arecombinedwithanonionicdetergent.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

10) Phenolicsdifferfromphenolinthatphenolicsareallofthefollowingexcept

A) Nonirritating.

B) Relativelyodorless.

C) Moreeffectiveantibacterialagents.

D) Moretoxictohumancells.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

11) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot achievesterilization?

A) Dryheat

B) Pasteurization

C) Autoclave

D) Formaldehyde

E) Ethyleneoxide

Answer: B

Skill:Recall


12) Whichofthefollowingisalimitationoftheautoclave?

A) Lengthoftime

B) Abilitytoinactivateviruses

C) Abilitytokillendospores

D) Usewithheat-labilematerials

E) Usewithglassware

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

13) Whichofthefollowingaffectstheeliminationofbacteriafromanobject?

A) Numberofbacteriapresent

B) Temperature

C) pH

D) Presenceoforganicmatter

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

14) Whichofthefollowingisnotadirectresultofheat?

A) Breakinghydrogenbonds

B) Breakingsulfhydrylbonds

C) Denaturingenzymes

D) Celllysis

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

15) Whichofthefollowingsubstancesistheleasteffectiveantimicrobialagent?

A) Soap

B) Cationicdetergents

C) Phenolics

D) Iodine

E) Alcohol

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

CHAPTER7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth91

16) Whichofthesedisinfectantsactsbydenaturingproteins?

A) Phenolics

B) Aldehydes

C) Halogens

D) Alcohols

E) Alloftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

17) Whichoftheseisnotanoxidizingagent?

A) Ozone

B) Hydrogenperoxide

C) Iodine

D) Chlorine

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

18) Whichofthefollowingisnotusedforthedisinfectionofwater?

A) Ozone

B) Gammaradiation

C) Chlorine

D) Coppersulfate

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

19) Whichofthefollowingisnoteffectiveagainstnonenvelopedviruses?

A) Alcohol

B) Chlorine

C) Ethyleneoxide

D) Ozone

E) Allareequallyeffective

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding


20) Glutaraldehydeisconsideredoneofthemosteffectivedisinfectantsforhospitaluse.Whichof

thefollowingwouldnotbetrueaboutglutaraldehyde?

A) Stainsandcorrodes.

B) Safetotransport.

C) Actsrapidly.

D) Nothamperedbyorganicmaterial.

E) Attacksallmicroorganisms.

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

21) Whichconcentrationofethylalcoholisthemosteffectivebactericide?

A) 100%

B) 70%

C) 50%

D) 40%

E) 30%

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

22) Allofthefollowingcontributetohospital-acquiredinfectionsexcept

A) Somebacteriametabolizedisinfectants.

B) Gram-negativebacteriaareoftenresistanttodisinfectants.

C) Invasiveprocedurescanprovideaportalofentryforbacteria.

D) Bacteriamaybepresentincommercialproductssuchasmouthwash.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

23) Whichofthefollowingtreatmentsisthemosteffectiveforcontrollingmicrobialgrowth?

A) 63Cfor30min.

B) 72Cfor15sec.

C) 140Cfor2dayswiththreeormoresymptoms(i.e.,chills,sweats,severe

headache,cough,achingmuscles/joints,fatigue,orfeelingill).Alaboratory -confirmedcasewas

definedasapositiveresultforantibodiesagainstCoxiellaburnetii.Beforetheoutbreak,2000sheep

werekeptnorthwestofthetown.Ofthe20sheeptestedfromtheflock,15werepositivefor C.

burnetiiantibodies.Windblewfromthenorthwestandrainfallwas0.5cmcomparedwith7to10

cmduringeachofthepreviousthreeyears.

36) Situation14.1isanexampleof

A) Humanreservoirs.

B) Azoonosis.

C) Anonlivingreservoir.

D) Avector.

E) Afocalinfection.

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

37) InSituation14.1,theetiologicagentofthediseaseis

A) Sheep.

B) Soil.

C) C.burnetii.

D) Pneumonia.

E) Wind.

Answer: C

Skill:Understanding

38) InSituation14.1,themethodoftransmissionofthisdiseasewas

A) Directcontact.

B) Droplet.

C) Indirectcontact.

D) Vector-borne.

E) Vehicle.

Answer: E

Skill:Understanding


39) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot anexampleofmicrobialantagonism?

A) Acidproductionbybacteria

B) Bacteriocinproduction

C) Bacteriaoccupyinghostreceptors

D) Bacteriacausingdisease

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Analysis

40) TheyeastCandidaalbicansdoesnotnormallycausediseasebecauseof

A) Symbioticbacteria.

B) Antagonisticbacteria.

C) Parasiticbacteria.

D) Commensalbacteria.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis

41) HaemophilusbacteriarequirehemeproteinproducedbyStaphylococcus bacteria.Thisisan

exampleof

A) Antagonism.

B) Commensalism.

C) Parasitism.

D) Synergism.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis

42) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot azoonosis?

A) Cat-scratchdisease

B) Hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome

C) Rabies

D) Tapeworm

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

CHAPTER14 PrinciplesofDiseaseandEpidemiology 203

43) Pseudomonasbacteriacolonizedthebileductofapatientfollowinghislivertransplantsurgery.

Thisisanexampleofa

A) Communicabledisease.

B) Latentinfection.

C) Nosocomialinfection.

D) Sporadicdisease.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

Figure14.3

44) ThegraphinFigure14.3showstheincidenceofpoliointheUnitedStates.Theperiodbetween

1945and1955indicates

A) Anendemiclevel.

B) Anepidemiclevel.

C) Asporadicinfection.

D) Acommunicabledisease.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: B

Skill:Analysis


45) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot contributetotheincidenceofnosocomialinfections?

A) Formationofbiofilms.

B) Lapseinaseptictechniques.

C) Gram-negativecellwalls.

D) Lackofhand-washing.

E) Lackofinsectcontrol.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

EssayQuestions

Situation14.2

A37-week-oldinfantwasdeliveredbycesareansectionanddischargedfromaConnecticut

hospitalwhenhewas10daysold.Twodayslaterhewaslethargicandhadafever.Whenhewas

readmittedtothehospital,hehadmultiplebrainabscessescausedby Citrobacterdiversus.Aftera

prolongedillness,thebabydied.Asecondinfantwithanormalpregnancyanddeliverydiedof C.

diversusmeningitisafterashortillness.Nineinfantsinthehospitalnurseryhadumbilicalcord

colonizationbyC.diversus.Environmentalcultureswerenegativeforhospitalequipment.

1) a.

b.

Whatisthenormalhabitatofthisgram-negative,facultativelyanaerobic,

non-endospore-forming,lactose-positiverod?

Provideaplanforidentifyingthesourceofinfectionand

preventingfurtherinfection.

CHAPTER14 PrinciplesofDiseaseandEpidemiology 205

Figure14.4

2) SalmonellaheidelberggastroenteritisoccurredonthreecruisesaboardtheT.S.S.Festivale.Figure

14.4showson-boardclinicvisitsfordiarrhealillnessbetweenFebruary10andMarch3.

a.

b.

c.

Explaintheincidencepatternshownonthegraph.

Whatareprobablemodesoftransmission?

WhatchangeswouldyourecommendbeforetheshipbooksmorecruisesafterMarch3?

Chapter15

ObjectiveQuestions

MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity

1) Themostfrequentlyusedportalofentryforpathogensisthe

A) Mucousmembranesoftherespiratorytract.

B) Mucousmembranesofthegastrointestinaltract.

C) Skin.

D) Parenteralroute.

E) Allareusedequally.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

2) Whichofthefollowingdiseasesisnot usuallycontractedbytherespiratoryroute?

A) Pneumonia

B) Infectioushepatitis

C) Tuberculosis

D) Measles

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: B

Skill:Understanding

3) Mostpathogensthatgainaccessthroughtheskin

A) Canpenetrateintactskin.

B) Justinfecttheskinitself.

C) Enterthroughhairfolliclesandsweatducts.

D) Mustadherefirstwhiletheirinvasivefactorsallowthemtopenetrate.

E) Mustbeinjected.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

206

CHAPTER15 MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity207

4) TheID 50isa

A) Measureofpathogenicity.

B) Dosethatwillcauseaninfectionin50%ofthetestpopulation.

C) Dosethatwillkillsomeofthetestpopulation.

D) Dosethatwillcauseaninfectioninsomeofthetestpopulation.

E) Dosethatwillkill50%ofthetestpopulation.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

5) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot contributetoapathogensinvasiveness?

A) Toxins

B) Capsule

C) Cellwall

D) Hyaluronidase

E) Ligands

Answer: A

Skill:Understanding

6) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

A) Leukocidinsdestroyneutrophils.

B) Hemolysinslyseredbloodcells.

C) Hyaluronidasebreaksdownsubstancesbetweencells.

D) Kinasedestroysfibrinclots.

E) Coagulasedestroysbloodclots.

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

7) Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutexotoxinsisgenerallynot true?

A) Theyaremorepotentthanendotoxins.

B) Theyarecomposedofproteins.

C) Theyarenotdestroyedbyheat.

D) Theyhavespecificmethodsofaction.

E) Theyareproducedbygram-positivebacteria.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis


8) Endotoxinsare

A) Associatedwithgram-positivebacteria.

B) Specificintheirmethodofaction.

C) Partofthegram-negativecellwall.

D) Excretedfromthecell.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Analysis

9) Whichofthefollowingisnotamembrane-disruptingtoxin?

A) A-Btoxin

B) Hemolysin

C) Leucocidin

D) StreptolysinO

E) StreptolysinS

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

10) Cytopathiceffectsarechangesinhostcellsdueto

A) Viralinfections.

B) Protozoanandhelminthicinfections.

C) Fungalinfections.

D) Bacterialinfections.

E) Alloftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

11) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot contributetothesymptomsofafungaldisease?

A) Capsules

B) Toxins

C) Allergicresponseofthehost

D) Cellwalls

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Recall

CHAPTER15 MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity209

12) Allofthefollowingaremethodsofavoidinghostantibodiesexcept

A) Antigenicchange.

B) IgAprotease.

C) Invasims.

D) Membrane-disruptingtoxins.

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Understanding

13) Siderophoresarebacterialproteinsthatcompetewithanimal

A) Antibodies.

B) Redbloodcells.

C) Transferrin.

D) Whitebloodcells.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: C

Skill:Recall

14) Allofthefollowingmaybeusedforadherenceexcept

A) Fimbriae.

B) Cellmembranemannose.

C) Glycoproteins.

D) Lipoproteins.

E) Capsules.

Answer: B

Skill:Recall

15) Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredentryviatheparenteralroute?

A) Injection

B) Bite

C) Surgery

D) Hairfollicle

E) Noneoftheabove

Answer: D

Skill:Analysis


16) AcellwallcanincreaseabacteriumsvirulencebecausecellwalllipidA

A) Resistsphagocytosis.

B) Helpsthebacteriumattach.

C) Destroyshosttissues.

D) Allbacteriahaveacellwallandallarenotpathogenic;therefore,cellwallsdonot

contributetovirulence.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: E

Skill:Recall

17) Botulismiscausedbyanexotoxin,thereforeitcouldeasilybepreventedby

A) Boilingfoodpriortoconsumption.

B) Administeringantibioticstopatients.

C) Noteatingcannedfood.

D) Preventingfecalcontaminationoffood.

E) Noneoftheabove.

Answer: A

Skill:Recall

18) Whichofthefollowingorganismsdoesnt produceanexotoxin?

A) Salmonellatyph

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