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ABET: Mc tiu v ng lc ca vic i mi cc Chng trnh o to v K thut v Cng ngh

Cao Hong Tr

Khoa Khoa hc & K thut My tnh Trng i hc Bch Khoa HQG TP.HCM

tru@cse.hcmut.edu.vn

1. Gii thiu Trong bi cnh ton cu ho v mt th gii phng, Vit Nam v ang trong qu trnh hi nhp vi

cc nc v nhiu mt, c bit l v kinh t khi va gia nhp vo T chc Thng mi Th gii (World Trade Organization WTO), bt chp cc d bit v vn ho, tn gio, v chnh tr gia cc nc vi nhau. Gio dc khng th ng ngoi tin trnh ny, nht l khi nn kinh t ca th gii trong tng lai l nn kinh t tri thc ang hnh thnh v pht trin. C th l lm th no nhng sinh vin v ngi tt nghip t cc trng i hc Vit Nam c cng nhn v trnh v bng cp c th chuyn i vi, v lm vic cng, nhng sinh vin v ngi tt nghip t cc trng i hc cc nc khc.

Khi tn tui ca cc trng i hc Vit Nam cn xa l v v tr ca chng ta cn thp i vi khu vc v th gii, t c cc chun kim nh quc t l mt cch t khng nh mnh. Ring trong cc lnh vc k thut v cng ngh, Hi ng Kim nh K thut v Cng ngh (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ABET) l mt t chc kim nh cht lng cc chng trnh o to c uy tn trong cng ng quc t. Tham gia qu trnh kim nh ca ABET s mang li cc li ch trc tip sau:

l s nh gi ngoi, cn thit qun l cht lng ca mt chng trnh o to. l c hi v ng lc thc hin cc ci cch cho mt chng trnh o to. l giy thng hnh nhng ngi tt nghip mt chng trnh o to tham gia vo th trng

nhn lc ton cu. Trc y, ABET khng thc hin kim nh cc chng trnh o to ngoi nc M. Thay vo

ABET ch nh gi v cng nhn cc chng trnh c tng ng ng k vi cc chng trnh c kim nh M hay khng, ch khng xt cp mt chng nhn kim nh no. Vo ma Thu nm 2005, Ban Gim c ca ABET nht tr tin hnh lp k hoch kim nh cc chng trnh quc t v t b dn vic cng nhn tng ng ny. Cc chuyn thm kim nh quc t u tin s din ra vo ma Thu nm 2007. Nh vy, vic cc chng trnh o to v k thut v cng ngh Vit Nam bt u hnh trnh tin n chun ABET ngay lc ny l rt hp thi.

Phn 2 tip theo gii thiu tm tt v ABET v cc y ban chuyn mn ca n. Phn 3 ln lt trnh by tm tt cc tiu ch kim nh ca ABET, tp trung vo chng trnh K thut (Engineering) v chng trnh in ton (Computing), trong khun kh ca bo co ny. Phn 4 ngh nhng i mi cn bn cn thit trong qu trnh tin n vic t chun kim nh ABET. Cui cng, Phn 5 nu cc kin tng kt v bi tham lun. 2. Tng quan v ABET

ABET hon thnh cc mc ch ca mnh thng qua cc hi ng v y ban. Cc y ban bao gm: U ban Kim nh K thut (Engineering Accreditation Commission EAC), y ban Kim nh Cng ngh (Technology Accreditation Commission TAC), y ban Kim nh in ton (Computing Accreditation Commission CAC), v y ban Kim nh Khoa hc ng dng (Applied Science Accreditation Commission ASAC).

Tin thn ca ABET l Hi ng K s v Pht trin Ngh nghip (Engineers Council for Professional Development ECPD), thnh lp vo nm 1932. Lch s ca ABET din ra qua cc mc quan trng sau:

Nm 1933, ECPD chp thun ngh ca Hi ng cc Trng K thut (Committee on Engineering Schools) v vic kim nh cc chng trnh gio dc k thut. ngh ny sau c chp thun bi cc t chc thnh vin ca ECPD. l c s cho vic kim nh cc chng trnh k thut m hin nay EAC thc hin.

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Nm 1944, ECPD b nhim mt tiu ban v cc Vin K thut. Nm 1964, tiu ban ny tr thnh mt hi ng chnh thc ca ECPD lo v vic kim nh cc chng trnh ca loi vin k thut m ngy nay gi l cc chng trnh cng ngh. Cc hot ng ny hin c tin hnh bi TAC.

Nm 1976, Ban Gim c ca ABET (lc cn l ECPD) y quyn cho mt hi ng kim nh th ba xt duyt cc chng trnh lin quan n k thut v cng ngh. Sau , nm 1983, Ban Gim c ca ABET lp ra U ban Kim nh Lin quan (Related Accreditation Commission). Nm 2001, tn ca y ban ny c i thnh ASAC.

Mt giai on hp tc di gia Ban Kim nh cc Khoa hc in ton (Computing Sciences Accreditation Board CSAB) v ABET c kt qu vo nm 2000 khi CSAB gia nhp Ban Gim c ca ABET v ABET ph chun vic thnh lp CAC kim nh cc chng trnh v khoa hc my tnh.

Cc chng trnh c ABET kim nh l cc chng trnh v k thut, cng ngh, in ton, hoc khoa hc ng dng, tng ng do EAC, TAC, CAC, hoc ASAC thc hin. Vi EAC cc tn chng trnh phi c t engineering, cn vi TAC l t technology nh l danh t cui tn, u tin l engineering technology. Mt chng trnh c th phi c kim nh bi hai y ban khc nhau nu tn ca n c cha cc t hm thuc hai lnh vc khc nhau. V d chng trnh Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science phi c c CAC v EAC kim nh. ABET khuyn co khng dng chung mt tn cho c chng trnh c kim nh v chng trnh khng c kim nh, v nh vy d gy nhm ln cho cng chng.

Qu trnh kim nh ca ABET cho mt chng trnh gm cc bc c bn sau: Cc chuyn vin t vn v ABET xem xt ti liu t nhn xt ca c s o to c chmg trnh c kim nh.

Cc chuyn vin ABET tin hnh chuyn thm kim tra th ti c s o to, r sot tt c ti liu, cc mn hc, phng th nghim, v gp g nhng ngi qun tr, ging vin, sinh vin,

Mt nhm chuyn vin ABET n c s o to kim nh chnh thc chng trnh. Chng nhn kim nh ca ABET sau khi c cp s c duy tr cc nm tip theo di s

theo di ca ABET, nu c s o to mun. 3. Cc tiu ch kim nh ca ABET 3.1 Cc chng trnh k thut

C nhiu chng trnh k thut cho cc ngnh khc nhau nh K thut in, K thut My tnh, K thut C kh, K thut Hng khng, Bn cnh cc tiu ch chung cho tt c cc chng trnh k thut, ABET c mt s yu cu thm ring cho tng chng trnh k thut c th. Trong phm vi ca bi vit ny, chng ti ch nu cc tiu ch ca chng trnh K thut My tnh (Computer Engineering) lm v d. Di y l cc tiu ch c hiu lc cho chu k kim nh 2008-2009.

CC TIU CH CHUNG Tiu ch 1. Cc sinh vin (Students) Chng trnh phi nh gi qu trnh hc tp ca sinh vin, c vn sinh vin v cc mn hc v cc vn ngh nghip, v theo di s tin b ca sinh vin gip h t c cc kt qu m chng trnh k vng, nh c th t c cc mc tiu ca chng trnh sau khi tt nghip.

Chng trnh phi c v p t cc chnh sch cho vic nhn cc sinh vin chuyn tip v cng nhn tn ch ca cc mn hc ni khc. Chng trnh cng phi c v p t cc th tc bo m cho cc sinh vin p ng c cc yu cu ca chng trnh. Tiu ch 2. Cc mc tiu gio dc ca chng trnh (Program Educational Objectives) Mi chng trnh mun c kim nh phi c:

(a) cc mc tiu gio dc c cng b chi tit nht qun vi s mng ca c s o to v cc tiu ch ang c cp.

(b) mt qu trnh nh k c ghi nhn v chng t cc mc tiu cn c theo cc nhu cu ca cc nhm i tng khc nhau ca chng trnh.

(c) mt qu trnh nh gi nh k c ghi nhn v cho thy mc t c cc mc tiu t ra.

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Tiu ch 3. Cc kt qu k vng ca chng trnh (Program Outcomes) Cc chng trnh k thut phi chng t rng cc sinh vin s t c cc kt qu k vng sau:

(a) kh nng p dng cc kin thc ton hc, khoa hc, v k thut. (b) kh nng thit k v tin hnh cc th nghim, cng nh phn tch v gii thch d liu. (c) kh nng thit k mt h thng, mt thnh phn, mt qu trnh p ng cc nhu cu mong

mun vi cc rng buc thc t nh v kinh t, mi trng, x hi, chnh tr, o c, sc kho v s an ton, c th sn xut c, v c tnh bn vng.

(d) kh nng hot ng trong cc nhm lin ngnh. (e) kh nng nhn din, din t, v gii quyt cc vn k thut. (f) s hiu bit v trch nhim o c v ngh nghip. (g) kh nng giao tip hiu qu. (h) s gio dc rng cn thit hiu bit tc ng ca cc gii php k thut trong mt bi cnh ton

cu, kinh t, mi trng, v x hi. (i) nhn thc v s cn thit v kh nng hc trn i. (j) kin thc v cc vn ng i. (k) kh nng s dng cc phng php, k nng, v cng c k thut hin i cn thit cho thc hnh

k thut. Tiu ch 4. S ci thin lin tc (Continuous Improvement) Mi chng trnh phi cho thy bng chng v cc hnh ng ci thin chng trnh. Cc hnh ng ny nn da trn cc thng tin sn c, nh cc kt qu t cc qu trnh lin quan vi Tiu ch 2 v Tiu ch 3. Tiu ch 5. Cc mn hc (Curriculum) Cc yu cu mn hc c t cc mng ch ph hp vi k thut, ch khng qui nh cc mn hc c th. Chng trnh phi dnh s quan tm v thi gian cho mi thnh phn, nht qun vi cc kt qu k vng v mc tiu t ra ca chng trnh v c s o to, bao gm:

(a) mt nm v ton v cc khoa hc c bn (mt s c th nghim) ph hp vi ngnh hc. (b) mt nm ri v khoa hc v thit k k thut ph hp vi ngnh hc. (c) mt thnh phn gio dc tng qut b sung cho ni dung k thut ca cc mn hc v nht qun

vi cc mc tiu ca chng trnh v c s o to. Tiu ch 6. Ban ging hun (Faculty) Ban ging hun phi v s lng v c kh nng cng ng tt c cc mng mn hc ca chng trnh. Lc lng ging vin phi c cho vic tng tc sinh vin-ging vin, c vn v t vn sinh vin, cc hot ng dch v ca trng, pht trin ngh nghip, tng tc vi cc nh cng nghip v ngi hnh ngh, cng nh cc cng ty thu sinh vin.

Ban ging hun phi c cc phm cht ph hp v chng t c thm quyn dn dt chng trnh v hin thc cc qu trnh nh gi v ci thin lin tc chng trnh, cng cc mc tiu v kt qu k vng ca n. Nng lc ca ban ging hun c xt da trn cc yu t nh nn gio dc, tnh a dng ca nn gio dc, kinh nghim k thut, kinh nghim ging dy, kh nng giao tip, s nhit tnh pht trin cc chng trnh hiu qu hn, cp hc gi, v s tham gia vo cc hip hi ngh nghip. Tiu ch 7. C s vt cht (Facilities) Cc phng hc, phng th nghim, v cc thit b i km phi hon thnh cc mc tiu ca chng trnh v to nn mt mi trng thun li cho vic hc. C s vt cht phi sn dng thc y s tng tc ging vin-sinh vin v to iu kin cho s pht trin v hot ng chuyn nghip. Cc chng trnnh phi to c hi cho sinh vin hc v s dng cc cng c k thut hin i. Phi c c s h tng thng tin v tnh ton h tr cc hot ng hc thut ca sinh vin v ging vin, cng nh cc mc tiu gio dc ca chng trnh v c s o to. Tiu ch 8. S h tr (Support) Phi c s h tr ca c s o to, cc ngun ti chnh, v s lnh o mang tnh xy dng bo m cht lng v tnh lin tc ca chng trnh. Cc ngun ti nguyn phi thu ht, gi li, v to iu kin cho s pht trin ngh nghip lin tc ca ban ging hun vi phm cht cao. Cc ngun ti nguyn cng phi thu nhp, bo tr, v vn hnh c s vt cht v cc thit b ph hp vi chng

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trnh k thut. Ngoi ra, nhn s h tr v cc dch v ca c s o to phi p ng cc nhu cu ca chng trnh. Tiu ch 9. Cc tiu ch chng trnh (Program Criteria) Mi chng trnh phi tho mn cc Tiu ch Chng trnh tng ng (nu c). Cc Tiu ch Chng trnh b sung cc yu cu ring bit, bn cnh cc tiu ch chung, p dng vo mt ngnh c th. Nu mt chng trnh, theo tn gi ca n, ng vi hai hay nhiu hn b cc Tiu ch Chng trnh, th chng trnh phi tha mn mi b Tiu ch Chng trnh; tuy nhin, cc yu cu trng nhau ch cn c tho mn mt ln.

CC TIU CH CA CHNG TRNH K THUT MY TNH Cu trc cc mn hc phi va su va rng trong phm vi cc ch ca k thut my tnh. Chng trnh phi chng t rng nhng ngi tt nghip s c: kin thc v ton ri rc; kin thc v xc sut v thng k, bao gm cc ng dng ph hp vi k thut my tnh; kin thc ton v tch phn v vi phn, cc khoa hc c bn, khoa hc my tnh, v cc khoa hc k thut cn thit phn tch v thit k cc thit b in-in t, phn mm, v cc h thng gm c phn cng v phn mm, ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca chng trnh.

3.2 Cc chng trnh in ton Tn in ton dng gi chung cc ngnh Khoa hc My tnh, H thng Thng tin, v Cng ngh

Thng tin. Bn cnh cc tiu ch chung cho tt c cc chng trnh in ton, ABET cng c mt s yu cu thm ring cho tng chng trnh in ton c th. Trong phm vi ca bi vit ny, chng ti ch nu cc tiu ch ca chng trnh Khoa hc My tnh (Computer Science) lm v d. Di y l cc tiu ch c hiu lc cho chu k kim nh 2008-2009, tng t nh cc tiu ch chung cho cc chng trnh k thut.

CC TIU CH CHUNG Tiu ch 1. Cc sinh vin (Students) Cc sinh vin c th hon tt chng trnh trong mt khong thi gian hp l. H c nhiu c hi tng tc vi cc ging vin. Cc sinh vin c c vn kp thi bi cc c nhn phm cht v cc yu cu ca chng trnh v cc la chn cho ngh nghip ca h. Tiu ch 2. Cc mc tiu gio dc ca chng trnh (Program Educational Objectives) Chng trnh c cc mc tiu gio dc c minh chng v o c da trn cc nhu cu ca cc nhm i tng khc nhau ca chng trnh. Tiu ch 3. Cc kt qu k vng ca chng trnh (Program Outcomes) Chng trnh cho php cc sinh vin t c khi tt nghip:

(a) kh nng p dng kin thc in ton v ton hc ph hp vi ngnh. (b) kh nng phn tch mt vn , nhn din v xc nh cc yu cu tnh ton ph hp vi gii php

cho n. (c) kh nng thit k, hin thc, v nh gi mt h thng da trn my tnh, mt qu trnh, mt thnh

phn, hoc mt chng trnh p ng cc nhu cu mong mun. (d) kh nng hot ng hiu qu trong cc nhm hon thnh mt mc ch chung. (e) s hiu bit v cc trch nhim v vn ngh nghip, o c, lut php, an ninh, v x hi. (f) kh nng giao tip hiu qu vi cc gii thnh gi khc nhau. (g) kh nng phn tch tc ng cc b v ton cc ca in ton i vi cc c nhn, t chc, v x

hi. (h) nhn thc v s cn thit v kh nng pht trin ngh nghip lin tc. (i) kh nng s dng cc phng php, k nng, v cng c cn thit cho thc hnh in ton.

Tiu ch 4. S ci thin lin tc (Continuous Improvement) Chng trnh s dng mt qui trnh c minh chng tp hp d liu lin quan nh gi cc mc tiu gio dc v kt qu k vng ca chng trnh, cng nh mc m chng c p ng. Cc kt qu

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nh gi c ghi nhn v s dng ci thin lin tc chng trnh thng qua mt k hoch c minh chng. Tiu ch 5. Cc mn hc (Curriculum) Cc yu cu ca chng trnh phi nht qun vi cc mc tiu gio dc ca n v c thit k sao cho mi kt qu k vng ca chng trnh u c th t c. Cc mn hc cn kt hp cc yu cu v k thut v ngh nghip vi cc yu cu v gio dc tng qut v cc mn t chn, chun b cho cc sinh vin mt ngh nghip v vic hc tip trong ngnh in ton gn vi chng trnh, cng nh vic hot ng trong mt x hi hin i.

Cc yu cu v k thut v ngh nghip bao gm t nht mt nm v cc ch cn bn v nng cao c cp nht trong trong ngnh in ton gn vi chng trnh. Ngoi ra, chng trnh cn bao gm phn ton hc trn mc ph thng ph hp vi ngnh. Vi mi mn hc chuyn ngnh, ni dung, cc tiu ch v kt qu mong i, v v tr ca n trong ton b chng trnh phi c cng b. Tiu ch 6. Ban ging hun (Faculty)

A. Cc phm cht Cc thnh vin ban ging hun phi tin b v tch cc trong lnh vc in ton gn vi chng trnh. Mi ging vin c nn gio dc hoc chuyn mn ph hp vi cc ng gp c mong i cho chng trnh. Mi ging vin c mt cp nng lc t c thng qua cng vic sau i hc ca chuyn ngnh, v kinh nghim hoc kin thc chuyn mn thch hp. Tp hp li h c b rng v b su k thut cn thit h tr chng trnh.

B. Qui m v ti cng vic

Phi c cc ging vin ton thi gian c c s lin tc, s theo di, v s n nh cho tt c cc mn hc mt cch hp l, v to nn s hi ho gia vic ging dy, pht trin ngh nghip, hot ng hc gi, v phc v ca mi thnh vin ban ging hun. Ban ging hun ca chng trnh cn c s t ch thch hp cho vic sng to, cung cp, nh gi v sa i chng trnh, v c trch nhim v tnh nht qun v cht lng ca cc mn hc.

Tiu ch 7. C s vt cht (Facilities) C s vt cht ca c s o to gm th vin, cc h thng truy hi thng tin in t khc, mng my tnh, phng hc, v vn phng phi h tr cc mc tiu gio dc v kt qu k vng ca chng trnh.

Cc ti nguyn tnh ton phi sn dng, truy cp c, c bo tr v nng cp mt cch c h thng, v h tr cc sinh vin t c cc kt qu k vng ca chng trnh, cng nh h tr vic ging dy v cc hot ng hc gi ca ban ging hun. Tiu ch 8. S h tr (Support) S h tr ca c s o to cho chng trnh v cc ngun ti chnh sn dng cho chng trnh phi thu ht v gi li cc ging vin c phm cht, qun tr chng trnh mt cch hiu qu, thu nhp v bo tr cc ti nguyn tnh ton v cc phng th nghim, v cung cp mt mi trng trong chng trnh c th t c cc mc tiu gio dc v kt qu k vng ca n. S h tr v cc ti nguyn phi bo m chng trnh gi c s vng mnh ca n trong sut giai on kim nh. Tiu ch 9. Cc tiu ch chng trnh (Program Criteria) Mi chng trnh phi tho mn cc Tiu ch Chng trnh tng ng (nu c). Cc Tiu ch Chng trnh b sung cc yu cu ring bit, bn cnh cc tiu ch chung, p dng vo mt ngnh c th. Nu mt chng trnh, theo tn gi ca n, ng vi hai hay nhiu hn b cc Tiu ch Chng trnh, th chng trnh phi tha mn mi b Tiu ch Chng trnh; tuy nhin, cc yu cu trng nhau ch cn c tho mn mt ln.

CC TIU CH CA CHNG TRNH KHOA HC MY TNH Tiu ch 3. Cc kt qu k vng ca chng trnh Chng trnh cho php cc sinh vin t c khi tt nghip:

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(a) kh nng ng dng cc c s ton hc, nguyn l gii thut, v l thuyt khoa hc my tnh trong vic m hnh v thit k cc h thng da trn my tnh sao cho chng t c s hiu bit v nhng nh i trong cc chn la thit k.

(b) kh nng ng dng cc nguyn l pht trin v thit k trong vic xy dng cc h thng phn mm vi phc tp thay i.

Tiu ch 5. Cc mn hc Cc sinh vin cn c khi lng cc mn hc hoc kinh nghim gio dc tng ng nh sau:

A. Khoa hc my tnh: mt v mt phn ba nm bao gm: cc nn tng v gii thut, cu trc d liu, thit k phn mm, khi nim v cc ngn ng lp

trnh, t chc v kin trc my tnh. tip cn vi cc ngn ng v h thng lp trnh khc nhau. tinh thng t nht mt ngn ng lp trnh cp cao. hc cc mn nng cao trn nn cc mn c s c b su.

B. Ton hc: t nht na nm, bao gm ton ri rc. Cc phn ton hc b sung c th l cc mn v tch phn, vi phn, i s tuyn tnh, phng php s, xc sut, thng k, l thuyt s, hnh hc, hoc logic k hiu.

C. Khoa hc: mt thnh phn khoa hc pht trin s hiu bit v phng php khoa hc, v to cho sinh vin c hi tri nghim cch thc hc hi ny trong cc mn chuyn ngnh khoa hc v k thut c lm th nghim.

Tiu ch 6. Phm cht ca ban ging hun Mt s ging vin ton thi gian c hc v Tin s v khoa hc my tnh.

4. Cc i mi cn bn cn thit Trong bi cnh ca Vit Nam, t c cc tiu ch nu trn ca ABET, nn gio dc i hc cn

c nhng i mi cn bn nh ngh sau y. 4.1 Sp xp li trnh t cc mn hc

Hnh 1. i mi trnh t cc mn hc Mi chng trnh gm hai khi kin thc l kin thc tng qut (nh ton hc, khoa hc c bn, x

hi v nhn vn) v kin thc chuyn nghip (v c s ngnh v chuyn ngnh). Cho n nay, hu ht cc chng trnh Vit Nam u xp vic dy v hc hai khi kin thc ny theo chiu ngang, tc l tp trung vo cc mn tng qut nhng nm u v cc mn chuyn nghip nhng nm sau. Cch sp xp ny c hai nhc im chnh l:

Cc sinh vin tip cn tr vi cc mn c s ngnh v chuyn ngnh, nn chng trnh khng to c s t m khm ph v ngnh ngh ca h sm trong nhng hc k u.

Cc mn kin thc tng qut

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Do cc mn chuyn nghip b dn vo nhng nm sau, sinh vin phi hc nhiu mn cng mt lc nn vic tip thu cc kin thc ngnh kh c cht lng, v sinh vin cn t thi gian tm hiu su v ng dng ngay cc kin thc hc trc khi tt nghip.

cc nc tin tin, cc mn hc ca mt ngnh o to c a vo ngay hc k I ca chng trnh, v c gii thiu su dn nhng hc k tip theo. Tht ra sinh vin khng cn phi hc dn cc kin thc tng qut nhng nm u, m c th hc ri ra trong sut chng trnh. Bt u t kho tuyn sinh 2006, Khoa Khoa hc & K thut My tnh, Trng i hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM thay i m hnh sp xp khi kin thc tng qut v khi kin thc chuyn nghip theo chiu dc, nh minh ha Hnh 1. Kt qu tch cc t c ngay l na chng trnh Khoa hc My tnh ca Khoa c Trng Cng ngh Thng tin v K thut in (ITEE) ca Trng i hc Queensland (UQ), hng u c, cng nhn tng ng vi na chng trnh tng ng ca h, nn sinh vin ca Khoa c th sang ITEE-UQ hc tip na chng trnh cn li ly bng tt nghip do UQ cp.

4.2 T chc li vic phn chia cc lp hc

Mt bt cp quan trng na trong cc chng trnh o to Vit Nam cho n nay l thiu s tng tc gia ging vin v sinh vin, m c th l cc gi bi tp. Thc t cho thy, d sinh vin phi t hc l chnh, cc gi bi tp l cn thit sinh vin c th t cc cu hi v nhn c nhng li gii thch cho cc thc mc gp phi trong vic c hiu mt l thuyt hoc gii mt bi tp v nh. H qu l cc sinh vin, k c sinh vin gii, khng c iu kin kim tra kp thi xem nhng hiu bit ca mnh v mt vn c th no c ng cha.

L do ca s bt cp ny nm ch phn chia cc lp hc cha hp l hn l ch thiu ngun lc ging dy. Tht vy, vi mt chng trnh o to 300 sinh vin mt nm chng hn, thng cc sinh vin c chia thnh 3 lp, mi lp 100 sinh vin. S sinh vin trong mt lp nh vy l cn nh so vi s s c th ca mt lp l thuyt, trong thng tin ch yu l mt chiu t ging vin n sinh vin. Tuy nhin, s s li qu nhiu i vi mt lp bi tp i hi mc tng tc cao gia ging vin v sinh vin. Nh vy mt mn hc c 3 tit mi tun s cn tt c 9 tit ln lp, v ch p ng c phn l thuyt. Trong khi , nu gom 3 lp li trong cc tit l thuyt v chia cc sinh vin thnh 6 lp, mi lp 50 sinh vin, trong cc tit bi tp, th mi sinh vin vn hc c 3 tit l thuyt/tun v cn c thm 1 tit bi tp/tun, m tng s tit ln lp vn l 9 tit/tun.

Vn cn li l vic thit k v xy dng cc phng hc phi h tr c cch phn chia ny, tc l phi c cc ging ng ln dy l thuyt bn cnh cc phng nh gii bi tp cho sinh vin. T duy v tm nhn ca ban lnh o c s o to v vy phi bao qut c vn pht trin khun vin trng ngay t ban u. 4.3 Trao quyn t ch hn lm cho cc khoa

Trong Tiu ch 6 ca ABET c mt yu cu v tnh t ch ca ban ging hun trong vic xy dng v sa i chng trnh o to. ngha ca yu cu ny l khoa vn hnh mt chng trnh o to cn phi c s t do nht nh c c s linh hot v nng ng cn thit trong vic ci thin lin tc chng trnh, cng l Tiu ch 4 ca ABET. Trong khi , hin nay Vit Nam qui trnh thay i hoc iu chnh cc mn hc t ra phc tp v nng n. H qu l khong 5 nm hoc hn na mt chng trnh mi c i mi, qu chm so vi tc pht trin v bo v mi mt ca khoa hc, cng ngh, chnh tr, kinh t, v x hi trn th gii.

Trong mt ln sang tham gia phng vn cc ng vin cho hc bng VEF (Vietnam Foundation Education), GS. John Hopcroft ca Trng i hc Cornell, M, ngi tng c trao tng gii Turing (c xem nh l gii Nobel ca ngnh in ton) c k cho cc thnh vin ban phng vn mt cu chuyn nh sau. Khi quan st thy s bng n thng tin v cc dch v trn Internet, GS. Hopcroft cho rng nn a vo chng trnh o to v Khoa hc My tnh Trng Cornell mt mn ton m hnh ho v nghin cu cc qu trnh ang din ra trn . V vy GS. Hopcroft n gp trc tip ng trng khoa trnh by v tng ny. Sau , ch cn ng trng khoa chp thun l mn hc c a ngay vo chng trnh hin hnh lc .

c th t c Tiu ch 6 ca ABET, trong cc qui nh khung ca c quan ch qun nu c, ni dung v cc khi kin thc khng nn qu c th v qu rng buc, cn cc yu cu v cht lng ch t mc ngng ti thiu. Cc c s o to s c th ho cc ni dung v xc nh mc tho mn cc yu cu cht lng ty theo mc tiu o to v kh nng hin ti ca mnh.

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4.4 Nng cp c s vt cht C s vt cht l mt trong nhng tiu ch ca ABET nhm to iu kin tt nht cho vic dy v

hc, t c cc kt qu k vng ca chng trnh. Vn ny cn c cc ngun ti chnh y v phi c u t mt cch hiu qu. Hin nay c nhiu phng th nghim trng im phc v nghin cu khoa hc c xy dng cc trng i hc Vit Nam, nhng cha c khai thc ng mc, gy lng ph ln. Trong khi , cc phng thc hnh phc v cho vic ging dy cc mn hc cha c quan tm ng mc v u t mt cch bi bn. V vy cc c s o to mun t c chun kim nh ca ABET cn nh hng li v c k hoch thch hp cho vic nng cp c s vt cht. Theo nh kinh nghim ca cc nc, pha cng nghip l mt ngun ti tr ng k cho vic trang b phn cng v phn mm cho cc phng th nghim phc v ging dy. 4.5 Tng cng nng lc ban ging hun

Hin ti hu ht cc ban ging hun ca cc c s o to Vit Nam u b qu ti. Ngoi nguyn nhn v s thiu ht v s lng ging vin, cn do vic t chc lp hc cha ti u nh phn tch trn v nhiu ging vin phi kim nhim cng tc qun l ti c s o to. tng cng lc lng, trc ht c th tn dng cc sinh vin xut sc nm cui, sinh vin cao hc, v nghin cu sinh lm tr ging, ph trch cc gi bi tp v thc hnh. Bn cnh cn c chnh sch u i c bit thu ht v gi li cc ging vin c hc v, hc hm cho c s o to. Cc c quan lnh o v ch qun nn phn tng cc trng i hc u t thch hp v s lng v cht lng cho vic pht trin ban ging hun tng c s o to c th.

5. Kt lun t c kim nh ca ABET l thch thc nhng cng l c hi cho nn gio dc ca Vit Nam

ni chung, v cc chng trnh o to v k thut v cng ngh ni ring. Nu xem ABET l mc tiu th cng l ng lc i mi cc chng trnh o to i hc Vit Nam. t c mc tiu ny cn c s ci cch v t duy v hnh ng trong vic thit k, t chc, v vn hnh mt chng trnh, bn cnh vic tm kim v u t cc ngun ti chnh v nhn lc mt cch hiu qu cho c s o to.

Vic trin khai nh gi cht lng o to i hc cn c tin hnh mt cch bi bn, c tham kho v nghin cu cc tiu chun ca cc t chc kim nh c uy tn trong khu vc v trn th gii. Sau , c s o to cn c tm nhn xc nh mt b tiu chun thch hp mun t n. y l cng vic i hi kin thc v kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc gio dc v kim nh cht lng, ch khng nht thit ca cc trng khoa hay trng phng ban. Qu trnh t c mt chun kim nh l di hi, tn km, v dn n nhiu thay i trong h thng o to, nn nu b nh hng hoc thc hin sai s gy lng ph ln v thi gian, tin ca, v cng sc.

Nh vn thng c so snh, mt bc s lm sai th ch nh hng n mt bnh nhn, cn mt ngi thy lm sai th nh hng n c mt th h, thm ch l nhiu th h v mt th h b gio dc v o to hng s li dn dt th h tip theo. Do , nu y khoa lun hn ch vic th nghim trn con ngi, th gio dc cng phi thn trng hn na trong ci cch v i mi. Cc k hoch v phng n thc hin trong gio dc cn phi da trn cc l l thuyt phc v kinh nghim thc tin c trn th gii, trnh kiu lm th ri sa sai.

Ti liu tham kho 1. ABET Accreditation Policy and Procedure Manual. http://www.abet.org. 2. ABET Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs. http://www.abet.org. 3. ABET Criteria for Accrediting Computing Programs. http://www.abet.org. 4. Friedman, T.L., The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. Farrar, Straus and

Giroux Publisher, 2005.