Trung tâm viễn thám quốc gia

BO CO BI TP LN

Mn: Thng tin v tinh

ti: Trm thu nhn v x l nh vin thm Vit Nam

Trung tm vin thm quc gia

GVHD: PGS.TS V Vn Ym

SVTH: V Hi Long 20091673

Bi Ngc Sn 20092227 H c Trung 20092855 Nguyn nh Phng 20092057 Nguyn Ngc Thng 20092529

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI VIN IN T - VIN THNG

H Ni ngy 2 thng 5 nm 2013

~ 1 ~

Mc lc A. Tm hiu ti, phn cng cng vic . 2 I, Tm hiu ti, d tr cng vic thc hin ... 2 II, Phn cng cng vic . 2 B. Qu trnh thc hin .. 3 I, Tm hiu chung .. 3 1, Lch s hnh thnh chc nng, nhim v ca trung tm . 3 2. ng dng ca cng ngh vin thm 5 3, Cc trang thit b chnh ca trung tm 6 4. Biu ph s dng nh . 6 II. Kin trc h thng thu nhn v x l nh . 9 1.c im v tinh, nh Spot . 9

2. Trm thu nh v tinh .. 15 3. H thng thit b ni nghip 17

4. H thng thit b ngoi nghip. .. 19

III. Quy trnh thu nhn v x l nh 21

1. Thu nhn tn hiu gia anten v v tinh.. 22 2. X l tn hiu thnh hnh nh... 22

3. Lu tr d liu, to catalog 24 IV, Vn hnh, bo dng h thng. Cc s c thng gp 25 1. Vn hnh bo dng ... 25 2. Cc s c thng gp . 25

V. Kt lun .. 26 C. Mt vi hnh nh trong chuyn tham quan thc t ti trung tm 27 Ti liu tham kho 31

~ 2 ~

A. Tm hiu ti, phn cng cng vic

I, Tm hiu ti, d tr cng vic thc hin

1, Tm hiu chung v trung tm vin thm quc gia

Lch s hnh thnh, chc nng, nhim v ca trung tm

i tng nghin cu ca trung tm

Cc trang thit b, h thng hin thi v d nh lp t trong thi gian ti ca

trung tm

2, Thu thp t liu thc t

Hnh nh v trung tm

Quy trnh thu nhn, x l, vn hnh v khc phc khi c s c, bo dng h

thng ca trung tm

II, Phn cng cng vic

- V Hi Long: Tm hiu v lch s, chc nng ca trung tm

- Nguyn nh Phng: tm hiu cc i tng nghin cu vin thm

- Nguyn Ngc Thng: cc trang thit b hin c

- H c Trung: quy trnh x l thng tin trung tm, lm bo co

- Bi Ngc Sn: lin lc vi trung tm i thc t

Qu trnh thc t c nhm cng thc hin ly s liu t trung tm

~ 3 ~

B. Qu trnh thc hin

I, Tm hiu chung

1, Lch s hnh thnh chc nng, nhim v ca trung tm

a,Lch s hnh thnh

Ngy 12/05/2008 B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng k Quyt nh

s 990/Q-BTNMT v chc nng nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca

Trung tm Vin thm quc gia.

b, S c cu t chc

c, Chc nng chnh

Trung tm vin thm quc gia l t chc s nghip trc thuc b Ti nguyn v Mi trng, c chc nng iu tra gim st ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng bng cng ngh vin thm, a tn hc; thu nhn, lu tr, x l, cung cp d vin thm quc gia phc v cng tc qun l nh nc v cc ngnh kinh t quc dn.

~ 4 ~

S dng cng ngh vin thm, cng ngh a tin hc phc v cng tc iu tra, nh gi v gim st ti nguyn v mi trng, bao gm: ti nguyn t, ti nguyn nc, ti nguyn khong sn, cc hot ng khai thc ti nguyn, cc hin tng mi trng, cc hin tng kh tng, thy vn, thin tai v tai bin a cht

Qun l, vn hnh trm thu nhn v x l nh v tinh; thu nhn, x l, lu tr, qun l v cung cp cc d liu thng tin nh vin thm.

Xy dng v cp nht c s d liu a l quc gia, thnh lp v hin chnh bn a hnh, bn bin v hi o bng cng ngh vin thm v a tin hc, phc v quy hoch v qun l nh nc v lnh th, bin v hi o.

Xy dng h thng thng tin a l, h thng thng tin t ai bng cng ngh vin thm v a tin hc, PV cng tc qun l, pht trin kinh t ca cc ngnh v cc a phng.

ng dng cng ngh vin thm, cng ngh thng tin a l (GIS) v cng ngh nh v v tinh (GPS) trong cng tc o c, thu thp,phn tch, x l cc d liu thng tin khng gian, phc v cng tc gim st ti nguyn v mi trng;

ng dng cng ngh a tin hc trong vic XD cc h quy chiu, h ta khng gian, h thng tham chiu trng lc v cao.

ng dng cng ngh vin thm v a tin hc trong vic thnh lp Atlas, bn a chnh, bn hin trng s dng t, bn quy hoch t ai v cc loi bn chuyn khc ca B;

ng dng cng ngh vin thm v cng ngh LiDAR ( qut laser) thnh lp bn khng gian (3D) phc v qun l th, cc cng trnh dn s v gim st, cnh bo st l t v l lt.

Nghin cu ng dng v pht trin cng ngh vin thm v a tin hc phc v vic gim st ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng; gim st cc s c tng lai

Thc hin hp tc vi cc nc, cc t chc quc t trong cng tc nghin cu ng dng v pht trin cng ngh vin thm.

Thc hin cc chng trnh, d n, ti nghin cu khoa hc v trin khai cng ngh v lnh vc vin thm v a tin hc trong v ngoi nc theo quy nh ca php lut.

Thc hin dch v sn xut, cung cp cc sn phm vin thm v a tin hc;

T vn, chuyn giao v o to cng ngh vin thm, cng ngh GIS, cng ngh a tin hc cho cc t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi nc theo quy nh ca php lut.

~ 5 ~

2. ng dng ca cng ngh vin thm:

Vin thm ng dng trong qun l bin i mi trng bao gm :s dng hiu qu trong vic o lng v gim st cc bin i v mi trng vi nh v tinh quang hc nh : Aster,NOAA-AVHRR,nh hng ca RADASAT,c s dng gim st bo v mi trng phng chng thin tai; iu tra v s bin i s dng t v lp ph, v bn thc vt, nghin cu cc qu trnh sa mc ha v ph rng, gim st thin tai (hn hn, l lt,chy rng,bo,ma ,sng m.) nghin cu nhim nc v khng kh .

Vin thm ng dng trong iu tra t bao gm:xc inh v phn loi cc vng th nhng ,nh gi mc thoi ha t , tc hi ca xi mn, qa trnh mui ha .

Vin thm trong lm nghip,din bin ca rng bao gm: iu tra phn loi cy trng v nh gi nng sut thu hoch ,thnh lp bn thch nghi t cho tng loi cy trng , din bin ca rng , nghin cu v cn trng v su bnh ph hoai rng ,chy rng.

Vin thm trong qun l s dng t bao gm: xc nh vng quy hoch v vic s dng t, thng k v thnh lp bn s dng t , iu tra gim st trng thi ma mng v thm thc vt

Vin thm ng dng trong a cht : pht hin xc nh v lp bn cc yu t trn b mt v gn b mt tri t, thnh lp bn a cht, lp bn phn b khong sn ,lp bn phn b nc ngm,lp bn a mo

Vin thm trong nghin ca ti nguyn nc: lp bn phn b ti nguyn nc , bn phn b tuyt, bn phn b mng li thy vn, bn cc vng t thp.

Vin thm trong a cht cng trnh :xc nh cc v tr kho st cho xy dng cng trnh ,nghin ca cc hin tng trt t .

Vin thm trong kho c hc : pht hin cc thnh ph c, cc dng sng c hay cc di kho c khc ,xc nh mt phn b di tch,di vt kho c,xc inh qu trnh to thnh v hy hoi di tch

Vin thm trong kh tng thy vn : nh gi nh lng ma bo v l lt,hn hn ; nh gi d bo dng chy , nh gii ti nguyen kh hu, phn vng kh hu .

Vin thm trong kh tng nng nghip : iu tra v nh gi ti nguyn kh hu nng nghip, s bin i tnh hnh s dng t v lp t ph v s thay i ca chng trong tng thi gian nht nh ; nh gi nhng tc ng ca ngoi cnh lin quan n sn xut nng nghip, tnh ton cc trng yu t kh hu nng nghip b mt( bc x, pht x ,nhit , m ,bc hi nc) lm c s cho vic phn vng kh hu nng nghip

~ 6 ~

Nhng ng dng khc ca vin thm : trn thc t c rt nhiu ngnh ngh rt cn trong cng vic qun l v iu tra v th m khi vin thm ra i gp phn khng nh trong nhng cng vic trong rt nhiu ngnh ngh lnh vc nh : giao thng vn ti, vin thng.

Ngy nay cng ngh vin thm c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh thnh lp, chnh l bn a chnh,iu tra hin trng s dng t,iu tra thm thc vt,nghin ca ti nguyn mi trng.

3, Cc trang thit b chnh ca trung tm

4. Biu ph s dng nh

BIU MC THU PH KHAI THC V S DNG D LIU

VIN THM QUC GIA

(Ban hnh km theo Thng t s 70/2012/TT-BTC ngy 03/5/2012 ca B Ti chnh)

~ 7 ~

Mc thu ph i vi t liu nh v tinh gc x l mc 1A

TT Loi nh Mode nh phn gii (m)

n v tnh Mc ph (ng)

1

Spot 2, 4

Ton sc (Panchromatic)

10 Cnh 7,289,000

a ph (Multispectral)

20 Cnh 7,289,000

Pan + Multi 10 Cnh 14,579,000

2 Spot 5


10 Cnh 15,189,000


5 Cnh 15,189,000


2,5 Cnh 25,307,000

Tng hp (Pan + Multi)

5 Cnh 30,379,000

Tng hp (Pan + Multi)

2,5 Cnh 40,497,000

3

EnvisatAsar

Narrow Swath 30 Cnh 5,312,000

Wide Swath 150 Cnh 5,312,000

4 Meris a ph

(Multispectral)

300

1200 Cnh 2,662,000

Mc thu ph i vi t liu nh v tinh x l nn chnh hnh hc, quang ph v a v h ta s dng

TT Loi nh Mode nh phn gii (m)

n v tnh Mc ph (ng)

1

nh Spot 2,4,5 nn mc 2A


10 Cnh 10,018,000


5 Cnh 17,918,000


2,5 Cnh 28,036,000

~ 8 ~


20 Cnh 10,018,000


10 Cnh 17,918,000

2

EnvisatAsar 2A


30 Cnh 8,041,000


150 Cnh 8,041,000

3

nh Meris 2A


300 Cnh 5,391,000

1200 Cnh 5,391,000

4

Bnh nh s

(nn mc 3)

Ton sc 2,5 m 1:10.000 Mnh 3,649,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:10.000 Mnh 3,885,000

Ton sc 2,5 - 5 m

1:25.000 Mnh 8,874,000

Tng hp 5 m 1:25.000 Mnh 9,563,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:25.000 Mnh 10,195,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 12,256,000

Ton sc 2,5 - 5 m

1:50.000 Mnh 15,498,000

a ph 20 m 1:50.000 Mnh 10,994,000

a ph 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 12,969,000

Tng hp 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 13,801,000

Tng hp 5 m 1:50.000 Mnh 16,741,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:50.000 Mnh 19,271,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:100.000 Mnh 15,649,000

a ph 10 m, 20m

1:100.000 Mnh 15,649,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:250.000 Mnh 40,809,000

a ph 10 m, 20m

1:250.000 Mnh 40,809,000

Ton sc 2,5 m 1:10.000 Mnh 3,799,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:10.000 Mnh 4,035,000

~ 9 ~

5

Bnh nh in trn giy (nn

mc 3)

Ton sc 2,5 - 5 m

1:25.000 Mnh 9,024,000

Tng hp 5 m 1:25.000 Mnh 9,713,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:25.000 Mnh 10,345,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 12,406,000

Ton sc 2,5 - 5 m

1:50.000 Mnh 15,648,000

a ph 20 m 1:50.000 Mnh 11,144,000

a ph 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 13,119,000

Tng hp 10 m 1:50.000 Mnh 13,951,000

Tng hp 5 m 1:50.000 Mnh 16,891,000

Tng hp 2,5 m 1:50.000 Mnh 19,421,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:100.000 Mnh 15,799,000

a ph 10 m, 20m

1:100.000 Mnh 15,799,000

Ton sc 10 m 1:250.000 Mnh 40,959,000

a ph 10 m, 20m

1:250.000 Mnh 40,959,000

II. Kin trc h thng thu nhn v x l nh

1.c im v tinh, nh Spot.

Vo u nm 1978 chnh ph Php quyt nh pht trin chng trnh SPOT (Systme Pour lObservation de la Terre) vi s tham gia ca B v Thy in. H thng v tinh vin thm do Trung tm nghin cu Khng gian (Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES) ca Php ch to v pht trin. V tinh u tin ca SPOT-1 c phng ln qu o nm 1986, tip theo l SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, v SPOT-5 ln lt vo cc nm 1990, 1993, 1998, v 2002 trn mang h thng qut CCD.

V tinh SPOT bay cao 832Km, gc nghing ca mt phng qu o l 98.70, thi im bay qua xch o l 10h30 v chu k lp trong 26 ngy. Cc th h v tinh SPOT 1,2,3 c b cm HRV( High Resolution Visible) vi knh ton sc (0,51 0,73m) phn gii 10m; ba knh a ph c phn gii 20m, phn b trong vng sng nhn thy gm xanh lc (0,5-0,59m), (0,61 0,68m), gn hng ngoi (0,79 0,89m). Mi cnh c bao ph mt t l 60km x 60km. V tinh SPOT 4 vi

~ 10 ~

knh ton sc (0,49-0,71 m); ba knh a ph HRV tng ng vi ba knh truyn thng HRV; thm knh hng ngoi (1,58-1,75m) c phn gii 20m. Kh nng chp nghing ca SPOT cho php to cp nh lp th t hai nh chp vo hai thi im vi cc gc chp nghing khc nhau.

D liu nh v tinh SPOT ca Php khi u t nm 1986, tri qua cc th h SPOT-1, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4 v SPOT-5, a ra sn phm nh s thuc hai kiu ph, n knh (panchoromatic) vi phn di khng gian t 10 x 10m n 2,5 x 2,5m, v a knh SPOT- XS (hai knh thuc di ph nhn thy, mt knh thuc di ph hng ngoi) vi phn gii khng gian 20 x 20m. c tnh ca nh v tinh SPOT l cho ra cc cp nh ph chng cho php nhn i tng ni (stereo) trong khng gian ba chiu. iu ny gip cho vic nghin cu b mt tri t t kt qu cao, nht l trong vic phn tch cc yu t a hnh.

Trn mi v tinh Spot c trang b mt h thng to nh nhn thy c phn gii cao HRV (High Resolution Visible imaging system).

~ 11 ~

Cc th h v tinh SPOT 1 n 3 c 3 knh ph phn b trong vng sng nhn thy cc bc sng xanh lc, v gn hng ngoi. Nm 1998 Php phng v tinh SPOT 4 vi hai b cm HRVIR v thc vt (Vegetation Instrument). Ba knh ph u ca HRVIR tng ng vi 3 knh ph truyn thng ca HRV. Nm 2002 Php phng thnh cng v tinh SPOT 5 vi phn gii cao hn: 2,5 m; 5m; 10m.

V tinh SPOT bay cao 832 km, nghing so vi mt phng qu o 9807, bay qua xch o lc 10h30' sng vi chu k lp li l 23 ngy. Mi cnh c ph l 60 km x 60 km. T liu SPOT c s dng nhiu khng ch cho vic nghin cu ti nguyn m cn s dng cho cng tc xy dng, hiu chnh bn v quy hoch s dng t. B cm HRV l my qut in t CCD - HRV c th thay i gc quan st nh mt gng nh hng. Gng ny cho php thay i hng quan st 270 so vi trc thng ng nn d dng thu c nh lp th.

Bng gii thiu tng hp v cc thng s ca th h nh SPOT

Loi V tinh SPOT

Tn b cm S

Knh

phn

gii (m)

Cc knh a ph

XS (Multispictral) SPOT

1, 2, 3

HRV (High

Resolution

Visible)

3

20 x 20

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi

P hoc PAN (Panchromatic) SPOT 1, 2, 3

HRV

1 10 x 10 Ton sc

P + SX (Panchromatic and

Multispictral merging)

SPOT

1, 2, 3

HRV

3

10 x 10

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi

XI (Multispictral)

SPOT 4

HRVIR

(High

Resolution

Visible and

InfraRed)

4

20 x 20

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi, hng ngoi trung bnh

M ( Monospectral)

SPOT 4

HRVIR

1

10 x 10

M + XI hoc P + XI (Panchromatic and

Multispictral merging)

SPOT 4

HRVIR

4

10x10*

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi hng ngoi trung

bnh

~ 12 ~

HI (Multispictral InfraRed

High)

SPOT 5

HRG ( High

Resolution

Geometric)

4

10 x 10

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi, hng ngoi trung bnh

HX (Multispictral High

Resolution)

SPOT 5

HRG

3

10 x 10

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi

HMA hoc HMB(Panchromatic High

Resolution)

SPOT 5

HRG

1

5 x 5

Ton sc

HMX ( HM and HX

merging)

SPOT 5 HRG 3 5 x 5 Lc, , gn hng

ngoi

THR ( Very High

Resolution)

SPOT 5 HRG 1 2,5 x

2,5**

Ton sc

THX (Very High

Resolution Multispectral,

THR and HX merging)

SPOT 5

HRG

3

2,5 x

2,5**

Lc, , gn hng

ngoi

THN (Very High

Resolution Multispectral,

THR and HX merging, in

pseudo-natural colors)

SPOT 5

HRG

3

2,5 x

2,5**

Xanh gi, lc,

HRS (Very High

Resolution Stereoscopic)

SPOT 5

HRG

2

5 x 10

Ton sc

* Ch ring knh B2 (=M) c phn gii 10m. Cc knh cn li c ly mu li t 20 n 10m.

** im mt t kch thc ca THR c ly mu li. phn gii nh hn 3m

nh SPOT c s dng ch yu trong cc lnh vc o v mi v hiu chnh bn a hnh; thnh lp bn hin trng s dng t; v theo di bin ng mi trng nh mt rng, xi mn, pht trin th v.v.. nh SPOT-5 c phn gii cao, c bit nh phn gii 2,5m m ra trin vng cu nhiu ng dng m trc y ch c th thc hin vi nh hng khng nh thnh lp bn t l ln, quy hoch th, qun l him ha v thin tai..

~ 13 ~

Bng phn gii ph ca nh ngun cc v tinh SPOT t 1 n 5.

V tinh SPOT Knh Ph Bc sng Ph in t phn gii

SPOT 1, 2, 3 Knh 1 0,5 - 0,59 m Xanh lc 20m

SPOT 1, 2, 3 Knh 2 0,61 - 0,68 m 20m

SPOT 1, 2, 3 Knh 3 0,79 - 0,89 m Gn hng ngoi 20m

SPOT 4,5 Knh 4 1,58 - 1,75 m Ton sc 10m

SPOT 5 Knh 1 0,5 - 0,59 m Xanh lc 10m

SPOT 5 Knh 2 0,61 - 0,68 m 10m

SPOT 5 Knh 3 0,79 - 0,89 m Gn hng ngoi 10m

SPOT 1, 2, 3 Knh Ton sc 0,51 - 0,73 m Ton sc 10m

SPOT 4 Knh Ton sc 0,49 - 0,73 m Ton sc 10m

SPOT 5 Knh Ton sc 0,49 - 0,73 m Ton sc 5m

SPOT 5 Knh Ton sc 0,49 - 0,73 m Ton sc 2,5m

SPOT 5 Knh Ton sc 0,49 - 0,73 m Ton sc 5 x 10m

nh v tinh SPOT5 ( phn gii 2.5m) nh v tinh SPOT chp mi

Ngy 9/9/2012 v tinh SPOT 6 chnh thc ln qu o thu nhn thng tin quan st tri t. phn gii khng gian ca v tin ny c nng ln 1,5m so vi 2,5m ca SPOT 5, l th h mi ca lot v tinh quang hc SPOT vi nhiu ci tin v k thut v kh nng thu nhn nh cng nh n gin ho vic truy cp thng tin. phn gii khng gian ca cc knh l Panchromatic: 1.5 m, T hp mu : 1.5 m, Cc knh a ph : 8m (khi kt hp c th x l tng cng ln 6m). Cc knh ph c thay i so vi cc th h trc (ch c cc knh (G,R,NIR, MID-IR), l Panchromatic (450 745 nm) Blue (450 525 nm)

~ 14 ~

Green (530 590 nm) Red (625 695 nm) Near-infrared (760 890 nm)

Nh vy sau nhiu th h, k t SPOT 1 (1986), nay SPOT mi c thu nhn thng tin knh Blue nh cc h thng v tinh khc (Landsat) Trong gia nh SPOT, y l v tinh anh em sinh i u tin, ci th hai l SPOT 7 s c a ln qu o trong qu I nm 2014 cng vi hai v tinh Pliades 1 v Pliades 2 (Pliades 1A v Pliades 1B) cng cao 694 km to thnh mt chm cc v tinh quan st tri t lin tc 24/7 ca Php. Bn v tinh ny lch nhau 90

0 trn qu o (SPOT 6 v 7 lch nhau

1800, Pliades 1A v Pliades 1B lch

nhau 1800.

iu c bit l hai v tinh Pliades c phn gii khng gian cao hn: Panchromatic: 70 cm,

a ph: 2m Ring i vi phn gii khng gian, cng c x l tng t nh SPOT 5, do thu nhn hai nh Pan hai gc khc nhau nn s c x l tng cng v ti lp mu phn gii khng gian 50cm c th cng s dng vi GeoEye 1 v WorldView 2 ca Hoa K. Nh vy vi hai v tinh ny, cc d liu nh c cng phn gii khng gian 50cm, vi cc knh ph tng t nhau th vic ng dng d liu nh v tinh s d dng v thun li hn khi mun so snh, phn tch v theo di gim st cc thay i trn tri t. Ngoi ra cc knh ph cng l Pan, Blue, Green, Red v IR, nh vy s thun li hn rt nhiu so vi trc kia v cc knh ph ca SPOT khng tng t so vi cc h thng v tinh khc.

~ 15 ~

Khi cc v tinh i vo hot ng, phm vi quan st trong mt ng bay c th m rng ti 120km hoc thm ch 180 km do cc v tinh c th phi hp thu nhn nh cng khu vc khi c yu cu. Ngoi ra, bn cnh ch thu nhn nh pha trc v pha sau (fore v aft mode) to nh lp th stereo (stereo pairs ) th c th thu nhn ch tri- stereo (stereo triplets).

Ch thu nhn stereo v tri-stereo

nh thu nhn u tin ca SPOT 6 sau 3 ngy phng ln qu o (Bora Bora, French

Polynsia)

~ 16 ~

2. Trm thu nh v tinh

Trm thu nh v tinh (Satellite Ground Receiving Station (VNGS).

Trm thu nh v tinh cung cp cc d liu nh cho cc t chc, c nhn trong nc c nhu cu trong cc lnh vc u t, ti nguyn thin nhin, mi trng, cnh bo thin tai, kho st v o c bn .

Trm thu nh v tinh s cung cp cc loi nh: SPOT 2,4,5 (HRV, HRVIR v HRG) v ENVISAT (ASAR v MERIS).

Hin nay trm thu ch cn nhn tn hiu t Spot 5 v ang trin khai d n VNREDSAT.

Ngy 9/7, Trm thu nh v tinh (Trung tm Vin thm Quc gia) c khnh thnh ti x Minh Khai (T Lim, H Ni) trn din tch hn 70.000 m2, vi tng kinh ph u t l hn 19 triu Euro (vn ODA ca Chnh ph Php) v gn 50 t ng vn i ng trong nc. Trm thu l mt phn ca d n "Xy dng h thng Gim st Ti nguyn Thin nhin v Mi trng ti Vit Nam".

y l trm thu nh v tinh u tin chu thu c nh v tinh ENVISAT bi trc ch c cc trm chu u mi thu c loi nh ny. Trm c lp t cc thit b k thut s dng cng ngh mi nht ca Tp on Hng khng v V tr Quc phng (EADS-DSC) ca Php, nn c tnh t ng cao hn 4 trm thu khc trong khu vc.

Vi kh nng thu nhn, x l, lp catalog v lu tr d liu truyn xung t cc v tinh Spot 2,4 v Spot 5 ( phn gii 2,5m); Envisat Asar (nh radar); Envisat Meris 15 knh ph, d liu ca trung tm p ng c cc nhim v hin nay.

Trong , nh v tinh Spot v nh Asar phc v trc tip cho cc d n kim k t ai, gim st v kim k rng, cp nht c s a l quc gia, thnh lp v hiu chnh cc loi bn bin v hi o, gim st nhim, l lt... nh Meris phc v cng tc nghin cu mi trng vt l bin nh mn, mt sc t ca to, vn chuyn ph sa, phc v nh bt xa b, qun l thy sn v di ven b.

~ 17 ~

Nhn vin trung tm ang x l nh thu c

3. H thng thit b ni nghip.

H thng thit b x l nh: bao gm cc trm x l nh v tinh c kh nng nn chnh hnh hc, x l ph, x l mu, nh v tinh lp th vi cc nh v tinh phn gii cao v siu cao, l trm SUN ULTRA 60, SUN UNTRA SPARC, DEC ALPHA 64bit, MACINTOSH, DEL, HP km theo cc phn mm x l MULTISAT-NG (hng EADS-Php) PRODIGEO, SPACEMAT, OCAPI, MULTISCOPE, CORREL/IGN, DRY, NUAGE (Php); ENVI (M).

H thng o v nh lp th, tng dy nh hng khng v nh v tinh: Cc trm my tnh o v nh SUNSPARCULTRA s dng cc phn mm: SOCET SET, ERDAS IMAGINE, ISPM, ISMS, ISDM, Match-AT, ISSD, ISDC, Base Rectifier, Ortho Pro...

~ 18 ~

Hnh 2: X l nh ni nghip

Xy dng c s d liu v h thng thng tin GIS: H thng my tnh cu hnh cao, tc x l nhanh ca cc hng IBM, HP, DElL...cc trang b cc phn mm: ARCINFO, ARCGIS, ILWIS, GEOMEDIA, ORACLE..

Xy dng c s d liu v h thng thng tin t ai: Phn mm H thng qun l thng tin t ai cp tnh (ViLIS) do Trung tm Vin thm quc gia xy dng c B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ph duyt tr thnh chun trong xy dng c s d liu t ai cp tnh ca Vit Nam, hin ang s dng trong d n VLAP ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

Cc phn mm x l, tnh ton GPS:

Phn mm x l li trc a ng Bernese V.2, Gamit.

Cc phn mm bin tp bn : Microstation, IRAS-B, IRAS-C, Geovec,

MGE, Arc view.

Cc phn mm thit k t ng: SDR Design, Geocomp, Benley, Nova

CAD.

Cc thit b ph tr:

My qut bn kh A0 SG 9600, OCE GRAPHIC 4600

My in mu kh A0 HP 800, HP 1100, HP5000, HP 755CM, my in A3,

A4.

~ 19 ~

4. Cc thit b ngoi nghip

Cc thit b o bng v tinh (GPS): THALES SCORPIO; R3, 5700;

Geoexplorer 3P;

Ton c in t: cc loi my SET ca TOPCON, SOUTH

o thu chun: Ni004, Ni025, Ni030,...

My o GPS tnh THALES SCORPIO

~ 20 ~

Thit b bay LiDAR (qut laser)

Hnh 6:Thit b cng ngh LiDAR

Cng ngh LiDAR (o laser) gm cc h thng thit b (hnh 6) s dng h thng o Laser kt hp GPS xc nh chnh xc to , cao c th t c ti 10 cm ( chnh xc tuyt i) v 5 cm ( chnh xc tng i gia cc im lin k). Cng ngh LiDAR c th thc hin rt nhanh chng trn nhng khu vc rng ln hng ngn km2 trong thi gian rt ngn (c o v x l trong 2 thng) vi mt im dy c t ti hng triu im/km2, nhiu hn gp hng nghn ln so vi o c truyn thng, c th o c c ngy ln m. Trung tm Vin thm quc gia thu thit b ca nc ngoi thc hin bay qut trn 3000 km2 cho d n thuc khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long.

~ 21 ~

III. Quy trnh thu nhn v x l nh

S tng quan

T trn s ta thy qu trnh thu nhn v x l nh thng qua cc bc c bn nh sau:

Anten trm thu bm v thu nhn tn hiu t v tinh

Cc nhn vin qun l tip nhn v thc hin x l tn hiu

hnh nh thu c sau khi x l c lu tr vo to catalog phc v

cho tng mc ch s dng

Chng ta s tm hiu chi tit tng cng on trn

~ 22 ~

1. Thu nhn tn hiu gia anten v v tinh

Thi gian thu nhn tn hiu v v tr ca v tinh s c i tc bn Php thng bo qua email hng ngy. Nhn vin ti trm thu c nhim v kim tra thng tin v ng b d liu vi anten anten c th bm st v tinh, thu c tn hiu c cht lng tt nht. Tn hiu u vo anten c tn s 88.5 GHz, sau khi qua b UC/DC 885 x l tn hiu xung cn 1.8 2.3 GHz ri a tip xung phng x l trung tm bn di.

S khi UC/DC 885

2. X l tn hiu thnh hnh nh

S khi x l nh

~ 23 ~

Tn hiu t b UC/DC 885 s c a qua b UC/DC 2050 tip tc x l tn s gim xung cn 1935 2047 MHz ri sau tin hnh Test Module v Demodule ri a ra b DAS tin hnh vic gii m ra hnh nh. Cc cng on ny u c thc hin mt cch t ng nh h thng trang thit b ca trung tm

Trong qu trnh x l tn hiu cc nhn vin c th theo di trc tip tin v hnh nh thu c

~ 24 ~

Hnh nh nhn vin quan st tn hiu hnh nh thu c t v tinh

3. Lu tr d liu, to catalog Sau khi thu c hnh ahr hon chnh th hnh nh s c a ln b lu tr online c th truy cp vo t bt c u. B lu tr ny c thi gian lu tr ln n 6 thng gn nht ti thi im hin ti. ng thi hnh nh cng c to catalog v lu tr offline ti trung tm phc v cc mc ch nghin cu khoa hc v yu cu ca khch hng

~ 25 ~

Giao din ngi dng khi khch hng mun truy cp v xem cc hnh nh t trung tm

IV, Vn hnh, bo dng h thng. Cc s c thng gp

1. Vn hnh bo dng

V tinh SPOT 5 l v tinh thng mi ca Php u t nn trong qu trnh chuyn giao cng ngh, trung tm khng c cung cp ti liu h thng y d v chi tit. V th, trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng, cc cn b trung tm khng ch ng trong cc cng vic, ph thuc nhiu vo k thut vin bn pha i tc. Cc cn b trung tm ch thc hin c cc cng vic n gin nh lau chi v sinh ngoi thit b, vn hnh thit b trong iu kin tiu chun cho php v thc hin ng cc quy trnh vn hnh my mc ca i tc ra.

2. Cc s c thng gp

S c vi Anten:

~ 26 ~

H thng trc quay anten b li, anten khng quay c (trc quay b g

st, c d vt,Cn v sinh v bo dng anten c th tip tc hot

ng)

B h tn 885 ca anten b chy cu ch, khng hot ng c

Tn hiu bn ngoi gy nhiu trong qu trnh thu nhn ca anten nh sng

ca cc i truyn hnh hoc sng cc trm vin thng

Vi h thng sever:

Nhit vn hnh h thng khng c m bo (H thng iu ha khng

cng sut, h thng in gp qu ti,)

Khng x l ra c hnh nh ( cng treo, h thng qu hn s dng)

Khng ng b thng tin thu nhn tn hiu gia anten v v tinh (do thi

gian thu tn hiu t v tinh t trung tm bn Php gi sang khng x l

c trn sever ti Vit Nam nn anten khng bm theo c v tinh)

Li tht thot tn hiu do sever chuyn trng thi v khng c kim tra

k.

H thng lu tr online ch hot ng c mt na cng sut (khng

kinh ph duy tr)

V. Kt lun

Trn y l ton b nhng g nhm chng em nghin cu v tm hiu c v qu trnh thu nhn v x l nh vin thm Vit Nam do Trung tm vin thm quc gia Vit Nam ph trch. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn ch bo nhit tnh ca thy: PGS.TS V Vn Ym trong qu trnh chng em thc hin ti ny. ng thi chng em gi li cm n n ban gim c Trung tm vin thm quc gia Vit Nam to iu kin thun li chng em c th tham quan tm hiu quy trnh hot ng ca trung tm. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti khng th trnh khi nhng sai st khng ng c. Chng em mong nhn c nhng nh gi, nhn xt ca thy c th hon thin c tt hn Chng em xin chn thnh cm n

~ 27 ~

C. Mt vi hnh nh trong chuyn tham quan thc t ti trung tm

Nhn vin trung tm gii thiu v anten trm thu

Anten trm thu

~ 28 ~

~ 29 ~

Nhn vin hng dn v quy trnh x l nh trm thu

~ 30 ~

Sever trung tm

~ 31 ~

Ti liu tham kho

1. http://rsc.gov.vn/

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPOT_%28satellite%29

3. Mt vi ti liu hng dn t trung tm

Documents

Trung tâm viễn thám quốc gia