TTCS Tong Hop

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Bin son : L Quc n -

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BI 1 V S NGUYN L DNG ORCAD CAPTURE 9.2I. MC CHGip sinh vin tip cn vi phn mm h tr trong lnh vc thit k mch in t l Orcad 9.2. Phn mm gm 3 phn chnh: V s nguyn l (Schematic), m phng (Simulation) v v mch in (Layout). Do , cc bi 1, 2, 3, 4 c quan h mc xch vi nhau, sinh vin cn lu trong qu trnh thc hnh. V Schematic ca 1 s mch in. To th vin linh kin mi trong trng hp linh kin khng c trong danh sch th vin ca Orcad. To cc file Netlist Ch : Nhng vn chi tit v cch v sinh vin c th hc trong phn Learning Capture trong phn Help v s c dy trc tip trn my tnh.

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II. V S MCH BNG ORCAD CAPTURE CIS1. Khi ng Orcad Capture CIS: Khi ng chng trnh Capture CIS to 1 s mi bng cch vo Start/ Programs/ Orcad Farmily Release 9.2/ Capture CIS. Chon Menu File/ New/ Project, khi xut hin hp thai New Project nh tn Project cn t vo Name. nh du chn vo: Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard ( nu mun dng Schematic m phng v v mch in), hoc Schematic (nu ch mun v mch n) Khi , s xut hin tip hp thai Creative Pspice Protect, chn 1 trong 2 ty chn v ni cn lu file project, ri nhn vo nt OK

2. Cc bc c bn khi v Schematic: t linh kin: o Dng chut nhp vo nt Place Part trn thanh Toolbar hoc g phm P t bn phm. o Trong ca s Place Part g tn linh kin vo Part, nu khng tm thy linh kin, nhn nt Add Library b sung vo th vin. o Ch , nn chn ngun v mass phi ng nht chy m phng ng. o Mt s linh kin thng dng: Tn Part name Library in tr R analog.olb Khoa K Thut in T 2 1

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R_var analog.olb C analog.olb L analog.olb Q2N2222 bipolar.olb Q2N2907A bipolar.olb D1N4148 diode.olb LM741 opamp.olb VSIN source.olb VSRC source.olb 555B anl_misc.olb Sw_tclose anl_misc.olb Sw_topen anl_misc.olb o Trong qu trnh t linh kin, mun xoay linh kin th nhn R hay click phi chut ri chn chc nng xoay. Ni dy: o Dng chut nhp vo nt Place Wire trn thanh Toolbar, lc ny biu tng chut c hnh dng du cng, cho php ta ni cc chn linh kin li vi nhau. o Di chuyn chut ko di dy ni. o Click phm tri chut to 1 gc vung, v tip tc v. o Click phm phi chut, chn End Wire kt thc dy ni. o Nu ni b dy, nhn Place Bus trn thanh Toolbar v thc hin tng t, nhng ch l phi t Next Name trong cc dy trong b dy bng cch nhn nt Place Net Alias nh dng Text trong Schematic: o Nhn nt Place Text, th hp thai xut hin, nh vo dng Text cn thit ri chn OK Chn linh kin: o Nhn nt Select, sau dng chut chn linh kin. Chnh sa thng s ca linh kin: o Double Click ln gi tr ca linh kin. Khi , xut hin hp thai Display Properties, nhp gi tr mi vo Value, ri chn OK. o Cc k hiu n v (cho in tr, t in, in p, dng in, tn s,)

Bin tr T in Cun dy Transistor NPN Transistor PNP Diode Opamp Ngun p SIN Ngun p DC IC555 Switch

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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Bin son : L Quc n f ( femto) 10 15 p ( pico) 10 12 n(nano) 10 9 u (micro) 10 6 m(mili ) 10 3 k (kilo) 103 MEG (mega ) 106 G ( giga ) 109 T (tera ) 1012

Thc tp c s

Cch k hiu trn u nh nhau i vi ch hoa v ch thng Thay i thng s k thut ca Transistor, diode: o Trn Schematic nh du chn Transistor, diode ri Click phi chut chn Edit Pspice Model, khi xut hin hp thai Spice Mode. Ti y, ta thay i nhng thng s cn thit, sau ng ca s li. 3. Lu file sau khi v xong: Sau khi v xong, nu mun lu file vi tn c th chn nt Save. Trong trng hp mun lu file vi tn mi th vo File Save as v t tn file. File schematic l file c dng *.dsn

III. TO FILE NETLIST:Sau khi v xong Schematic, trnh Layout v Pspice hiu c file.dsn th cn phi bin dch sang dng file Netlist tng ng. Chuyn sang ca s chnh (project manager), chn file hay page cn bin dch, chn Tool Create Netlist, lc ny ca s Create Netlist s hin ra v ta mun chn bin dch sang Layout hay Pspice th chn Tab tng ng v nhn OK. o Nu l Layout th cho ta file.mnl o Nu l Pspice th cho ta file.net Cc file ny s cha thng tin kt ni chn linh kin cng nh cc thng s k thut (nu l file.net).

IV. TO LINH KIN V TH VIN MITrc tin to th vin cha linh kin bng cch mn hnh chnh ca Orcad Capture, chn File New Library, mn hnh Library xut hin. Mun i tn th vin th chn th vin hin hnh, click phi chut, chn Save as i tn. Khoa K Thut in T 2 - 3

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To linh kin mi trong th vin bng cch t v tr th vin hin hnh, click phi chut chn New Part, hp New Part Properties xut hin, nh vo tn linh kin OK, mn hnh v linh kin xut hin. Trong mn hnh ny ta dng cc cng c: Place pin, place pin array, place text, place rectangle, to hnh dng theo yu cu Save trc khi thot.

V. NI DUNG THC HNHBi 1: V s Schematic v chuyn sang Netlist cc mch sau : o Mch khuch i:Vcc Vin Vcc Vcc 12Vdc V1 VOFF = 0 VAMPL = 20mV FREQ = 50 Rc

0

0R1 Ci Vin 150k Q1

4.7k Vout

Q2SC1815 4.7u R2 15k Re 470 Ce 1u

0

o Mch ghp/tch knh ng b:

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Bin son : L Quc n Bi 2:

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To linh kin c tn Led7 nh sau, ri lu vo th vin mylib-schematic.U1 LED 7 DOAN 3 R

8

K

DP

5

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Np cc file thit k s nguyn l : *.sch; *.obj; *.dsn Np file thit k th vin

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A B C D E F G

led7

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BI 2 V S MCH IN DNG ORCAD LAYOUT PLUSI. MC CHGip sinh vin bit cch s dng chng trnh Orcad Layout Plus v s mch in trc tip hoc t s mch in c v bi Orcad Capture. Hng dn cho sinh vin cc bc c bn sau : Sp xp linh kin trn mch in sao cho hp l. V ng mch bng ch t ng hay bng th cng. Ti u ho cc ng mch in v kch thc mch in. Thay i cc thng s k thut cn thit trn board mch. To th vin mi v cc module linh kin mi.

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II.1.

HNG DN S DNG TRNH LAYOUT PLUSNp tp tin * .mnl : T ca s Orcad Layout chn New, xut hin ca s Load Template File, chn m tp tin Default.tch (cha thng tin v k thut v mch in). Sau khi m tp tin Default.tch, ca s Load Netlist Source xut hin cho php load tp tin cn v mch in ( *.mnl ). Bc tip theo chng trnh yu cu lu tn file cn v mch in (*.max). Nu th vin chn linh kin ca Layout c y theo s khi v schematic th sau khi lu thnh file *.max xong s xut hin ca s cha y chn linh kin ca schematic cn v, ngc li layout yu cu lin kt chn linh kin trong schematic cn v vi chn linh kin c trong th vin ca layout, hoc phi to chn linh kin mi.

- 2. Sp xp linh kin : Khoa K Thut in T 2 6

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Sau khi tp tin *.max c y chn linh kin, bc tip theo ta cn b tr li v tr chn linh kin cho ph hp. t ng kim tra vic t linh kin c ng khng, chn menu Auto/Design Rule Check/Placement Spacing Violations . ng khung gii hn din tch mch in bng cch: vo menu Tools, chn Obstacle, chn tip Select Tool, s dng chut ko ng ng khung gii hn, ri chn End Command. Ch y : DRC cng cho php kim tra t ng cc yu t khc nh : vi phm khong v gia ng mch in vi nhau...

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a) Sp xp linh kin t ng trn board : - Nhp chut vo menu Auto, chn Place, chn tip Board. b) t tng linh kin trn board : - Nhp chut tri vo bt k chn linh kin no s gn chn linh kin lin vi pointer ca chut cho php di chuyn t linh kin . - Layout cng cho php di chuyn mt nhm chn linh kin bng cch ko r chut tri ng khung nhm linh kin . - Sau khi chn linh kin gn vi pointer ca chut ta c th thc hin cc thao tc sau : Quay R ( n phm ) Kho linh kin L c) t nhm linh kin theo th t ch s : ( R1, R2...) Pop up menu bng cch nhp chut phi, chn Queue For Placement. Khi ca s Component Selection Criteria xut hin, nh R* vo RefDes ( Nu nhm linh kin l R1,R2...). Nhp OK. Pop up menu/Select Next, ln lt t linh kin cho n khi c thng bo, chn Cancel. 3. t kch thc board mch in - Chn Obstacle Tool v khung board mch in. 4. V ng mch xem cc thng s li ni gia cc chn linh kin s dng nt View Spreadsheet trn thanh Toolbar, sau chn Nets. Trong bng thng s ny ch cn ct Routing Enabled, nu t yes cho php v li, no th ngc li. chuyn i gia hai thng s ny, nh du cn chn, sau Pop up menu\Enable Disable. 7

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v c thun li, thc hin v li ngun v mass trc ( Gnd &VCC net) sau mi v li tn hiu ( signal net ). Sau khi chn li v cn phi reset li vic chn c hiu lc, chn Window/Reset All. V t ng ( Auto route ) : Chn ch v ton board mch : Auto/Autoroute/Board. Chn ch v tng phn. View/Zoom DRC/Route Box. nh du khi cn v bng cch r chut ng khung. Auto/Autoroute/DRC/Route Box. V tay ( Manual route ) : Chn li cn v nh trn. n nt Add/Edit Route trn toolbar bt u v. Khi mun t corner (gc ngoc) th n nt chut tri. Khi mun t via ( xuyn lp ) th n V. Ch : y l cch v gia hai pad, mun v ghp hnh T, chn nt Show Track Mode trn thanh Toolbar. Chn lp ( Layers ) : Nhp nt View spread Sheet trn thanh Toolbar. Nu mun v 2 lp, ct Layer Type ca cc hng c gi tr l Routing ta i thnh Unused Routing ngoi tr 2 layer Top v Bottom ta gi nguyn, bng cch vo Pop up menu\Properties\Unused routing . Chn Window/Reset All.

b. c. -

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d. Sa ng mch : - Xa ng mch trn board dng ch Auto : Auto/Unroute/Board cho php xo ton b ng mch trn board hay Auto/Unroute/ DRC/Unroute Box cho php xo trong mt vng chn trc ( dng View/Zoom DRC/Route Box nh du vng cn xa). - Xa tng on : Nhp Edit Segment Mode trn Toolbar Nhp vo route cn xo , Pop up menu : Unroute segment cho php xa tng on. Unroute cho php xa ng mch gia 2 pad. - Unroute net : cho php xa ton b route c trong li ca route va chn. - Thay i kch thc ng mch: Nhp Edit segment mode trn thanh Toolbar. Khoa K Thut in T 2 8

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Nhp vo ng mch cn thay i, Pop up menu/ Change width v nh vo kch thc mong mun, nhp OK. 5. Ly linh kin mi - Chn nt Component Tool. - Click phi chut chn New mn hnh Add Component xut hin chn linh kin mi bng cch vo Footprint OK. 6. To th vin mi : - Chn Library Manager trn thanh toolbar. - Chn Create New Footprint , t tn v nhp OK. - Trn ca s Library Edit c sn mt pin chun, to pin mi : Chn nt Pin Tool trn thanh toolbar. Pop up menu/ New, (hoc nhp chut phi, n phm Insert), t pin ti v tr thch hp. Pop up menu/End Command. thay i cc thng s ca pin, Pop up menu/Properties. - t khung bao outline cho linh kin : Chn nt Obstacle trn thanh toolbar. Dng chut v outline. Pop up menu/Properties, chn Place Outline Obstacle Type. t outline ti v tr thch hp, Pop up menu/End Command. Save vo th vin. 7. Ph ng mch in : Chn Obstacle Tool New Properties Obstacle Type V d : Copper Poor l ph ton board mch Copper Area l ph theo vng Tip chn lp ph Obstacle Layer Net Attachment (mun NET no kt ni vi lp ph ng) -

III. THC HNH TO TH VIN CHO LAYOUT1. Gii thiu th vin ca Layout TM - AXIAL : in tr. TM - CAP - P : in tr v t in. TM DIODE : Diode v Led cc loi. TO : Transitor. SIP : IC mt hng chn. 9

Khoa K Thut in T 2

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- DIP100B : Cc IC dn. - DIP100T : IC khoan l. - DSUBJ : Cc cng giao tip my tnh DB9, DB25. - JUMPER : Jump 100,1000,1100,1200.... - RELAY : module relay. - LAYOUT : cc pad n. Trong qu trnh np tp tin netlist (c to sau khi v s mch) vo layout, kiu chn linh kin c chn khi v s mch khng c sn trong th vin ca Layout th ta phi to linh kin mi. iu quan trng nht trong qu trnh v mch in l phi bit hnh dng thc t ca linh kin v kiu v ca chng. Chng hn : transistor C1815 c kiu v l T092.

2. Thc hnh to th vin cho layout

To footprint cho led. To chn IC DIP8 (loi khoan l ). Sau khi to xong, lu vo th vin Mylib.llb IV. THC HNH V MCH IN 1. V mch in mt lp t mch khuch i sau - VCC

I N

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R 1 15 0k

C 1 4. 7u

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Q 1

R 3 4. 7k Q2SC18 15

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R 2 1 5 k

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

R 44 7 0

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C 2 1 u

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0

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Bin son : L Quc n V mch in hai lp t s mch ghp tch knh ng b trong bi 1 -

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BI 3 - THIT K MCH IN CHO MCH KHUCH I CNG SUTI. MC CH Gip sinh vin thc hin c nhng mc tiu sau : - Thc hin cc cng on cn thit chuyn mt mch in t s nguyn l n mch in thc t. - Cch to cc th vin hoc nhng module cha c sn trong Orcad. - Hon chnh file mch in theo yu cu thc t t cc cng ty gia cng PCB. - Hon thin k nng s dng Orcad Layout Plus. II. NI DUNG THC HIN V li s nguyn l (nh lu li thc hin m phng mch bi sau) v chuyn sang mch in t s mch khuch i cng sut nh hnh v

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Mch in c cc thng s yu cu sau : Mch in hai lp : lp 1 (Top) l mt ghim linh kin v lp 2 (Bottom) l mt hn. Kch thc board mch : 2.5x2.5 (inch). Ph ng mt bottom. GND ni mch ph ng. Mt trn c ch thch hnh dng v gi tr linh kin. rng net ca 5V l 1mm, mc u tin l 100%. rng net ca GND l 0.5mm. rng cc net cn li cho bng 0.4mm. ng knh l khoan cc chn linh kin l 0.9mm. Cc thng s k thut khc theo tiu chun. mt ghim linh kin phi ghi (t lp SST): Tn : Nguyn Vn A Lp : 01VTA1 Nhm : 1 Bn : 01

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Np file s nguyn l v PCB.

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BI 4 - M PHNG MCH KHUCH I DNG ORCAD PSPICE II. MC CH Xc nh v nh gi cc thng s ca mch khuch i: - im lm vic tnh, h s khuch i. - mo hi, p ng tn s. - Tr khng vo/ra II. M PHNG in: Cho mch in nh hnh v, s dng phn mm Orcad phn tch mchVCC VCC 12Vdc V1 R1 150k R3 4.7k Q1 Q2SC1815 4.7u V2 1Vac 0Vdc R2 15k R4 470 C2 1u

0

C1

0

0

1. Xc nh im lm vic tnh (Bias Point). 2. Phn tch qu (Transient/ Noise): - V dng sng ng vo, ng ra ca mch. - Xc nh h s khuch i in p. - Xc nh mo hi ca mch khuch i. - Kho st nh hng ca ti. - Xc nh tr khng vo ra. Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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Bin son : L Quc n 3. Thc hin phn tch AC (AC Sweep): - V p ng tn s ca mch. - Xc nh tn s ct di 3dB; tn s ct trn 3dB v bng thng. - Xc nh c tuyn pha tn ti ng ra ca mch. HNG DN :

Thc tp c s

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Bc 1: Khi ng chng trnh Capture CIS - v s mch. Thc hin nh sau: Vo Menu File/New/Project, khi xut hin hp thoi New Project, nh du chn vo Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard, nh tn Machkhuechdai. Nhp OK. Khi , s xut hin tip hp thoi Analog or Mixed Signal Circuit Wizard, nhp vo nt Finish. Ti y ta tin hnh v s mch theo yu cu bi. Bc 2: Khai bo cc thng s theo yu cu bi. Phn tch im phn cc tnh (DC Bias Point) Bc 3: chn ch phn tch: Phn 1 : -

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Trong Capture chuyn tr v file *.dsn, chn menu Pspice New Simulation Profile hin th hp thoi New Simulation. Trong hp thoi Name g vo ch Bias, hp thoi Inherit Form chn None sau click vo Create - Xut hin hp thoi Simulation Setting - Bias trn Analysis Type chn Bias Point OK . - T menu Pspice chn Run. Sau khi thc hin xong vic phn tch im phn cc th cc thng tin sau y s c thng bo trong file output - Danh sch cc nt in p - Dng ca cc ngun p v cng sut tng - Danh sch cc tham s tn hiu nh ca tt c cc linh kin Ti y ta thc hin xc nh im phn cc tnh ca mch in trn: ICQ = VCQ = IBQ = Xc nh li dng DC ca BJT: = ICQ/IBQ = Khoa K Thut in T 2 14

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Thay i gi tr in p ngun Vcc = 9V. Xc nh li im lm vic tnh: ICQ = VCQ = IBQ = Xc nh li dng DC ca BJT: = ICQ/IBQ = Nhn xt v nhy ca im lm vic tnh i vi in p ngun, h s c ng theo l thuyt? - ............................................................................................................. - ............................................................................................................. - ............................................................................................................. - ............................................................................................................. - ............................................................................................................. - ............................................................................................................. Phn 2 : Phn tch qu (Transient/ Noise)VCC VCC 12Vdc V1 R1 150k R3 4.7k Q1 Q2SC1815 4.7u V3 R2 15k Sin R4 470 C2 1u

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0

C1

S

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- Thc hin phn tch qu i vi mch trn phi sa thnh dng nh hnh trang sau: - Tin hnh thit lp cc thng s cho ngun p mi: Chn ngun p V3 trong th vin SOURCSTM.olb, chn menu Edit-Pspice Stimulus xut hin hp thoi New Stimulus. Click vo gi tr sine v OK sau xut hin hp thoi sin attribute tin hnh thit lp

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cc thng s nh hnh sau: - Sau d click vo mc Apply xem dng sng. Click OK sau save li s trong ca s Stimulus Editor. - Cc bc thit lp v thc hin phn tch qu : T menu Pspice ca Capture chn New Simulation Profile. G vo Transient trong hp thoi Name v chn Schematic1-Bias t hp thoi Inherit From. Click vo Create. Xut hin ca s thit lp cc thng s tin hnh click vo Analysis v chn Time Domain trong hp thoi Analysis Type v thit lp cc thng s nh hnh.

- Sau click OK ng ca s thit lp cc thng s. - Chn lnh nh du v tr cn o dng sng bng cch vo menu Pspice ca Schematics/ chn Markers, chn tip Voltage Level, ri thc hin nh du nh hnh v. - Nhp chut chn Run t menu Pspice trong Capture thc hin qu trnh phn tch, tiVCC VCC 12Vdc V1 R1 150k R3 4.7k Q1 Q2SC1815 V 4.7uV

0

C1

V3

R2 15k R4 470 C2 1u

S

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Sin

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16

0

0

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y ta xc nh c bin ca tn hiu ti ng vo v ng ra. Hoc c th thc hin chn v tr cn quan st sau khi Run bng cch : Chn menu Trace Add Trace. Sau click vo cc v tr cn quan st v phn tch: -+ V dng sng ng ra: .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. -+ o bin tn hiu ng ra: vout = - + Xc nh h s khuch i ca mch: G = vout / vin = -+ Xc nh mo hi: Phn tch Fourier tn hiu ng ra, xc nh bin hi c bn v cc hi bc cao: Vo menu Trace - Fourier phn tch Fourier tn hiu ti ng ra. Sau , vo Toggle Cursor c cc gi tr bin ti cc thnh phn tn s. - T - f1 = - f2 = - f3 = - f4 = - f5 = n 1K 2K 3K 4K 5 s Hz Hz Hz Hz KHz - Vfi

( V ) -

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Xc nh mo hi theo cng thc sau:D% V22 V32 V42 ... V92 V1

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Thay i bin ngun tn hiu ng vo, xc nh mo hi tng ng vi mi bin : -

Vi n

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f1

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f2

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f3

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f4

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f5

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D %

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1 0 0 m V 5 0 0 m V

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Nguyn nhn gy ra mo hi: .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ra. nh hng ca ti: Ln lt ni cc ti RL vi cc tr s khc nhau vo mch. o in p ng

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RL Vout

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50K

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10K

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5K

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1K

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100

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Nhn xt v gii thch. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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.................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. Tr khng vo ra: o bin dng in tn hiu ng vo: Iin = Xc nh tr khng ng vo: Rin = Vin / Iin = Da vo bng gi tr o c trong phn trn, xc nh tr khng ra ca mch.

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Rout = - Phn 3 : Thc hin phn tch AC (AC Sweep) Thc hin mch nh hnh sau:VCC VCC 12Vdc V1 R1 150k R3 4.7k Q1 Q2SC1815 V 4.7u R2 V3 15k R4 470 C2 1u

0V4 1Vac 0Vdc

C1

SSin

0

0

- T menu Pspice ca Capture chn New Simulation Profile. G vo Ac Sweep trong hp thoi Name v chn Schematic1-Transient t hp thoi Inherit From. Click vo Create. Xut hin ca s thit lp cc thng s tin hnh click vo Analysis v chn Ac Sweep/Noise trong hp thoi Analysis Type v thit lp cc thng s nh hnh.

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- Sau click OK ng ca s thit lp cc thng s. - S dng Markers trong Pspice chn Advance v chn dB Magnitude of Voltage nh du cc im cn phn tch. - Chn Run t menu Pspice trong Capture thc hin qu trnh phn tch. - + V p ng tn s ca mch: - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. + Xc nh tn s ct di, tn s ct trn, bng thng 3dB ca mch: fCH = Khoa K Thut in T 2 20

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Thc tp c s

fCL = BW = Tnh gi tr t C1 c tn s ct thp fCL = 5Hz. C1 = Chy m phng kim chng: fCL = - + Xc nh c tuyn pha tn ti ng ra ca mch. - quan st gin Bode ca in p v pha ng ra s dng Advance trong Markers v chn Phase Of Voltage. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. - .................................................................................................................................. -

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- PHN 2: M PHNG MCH S V VI IU KHIN BNG TRNH PROTEUS

- BI 1: M PHNG MCH S MC CH Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau: S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in. Thc hin m phng hot ng ca 74LS138 v 74LS373.

THIT B S DNG - My vi tnh. - Phn mm Proteus -

1. Gii thiu.Phn mm Proteus l phn mm cho php m phng hot ng ca mch in t bao gm phn thit k mch v vit chng trnh iu khin cho cc h vi iu khin nh MCS-51, PIC, AVR, Phn mm bao gm 2 chng trnh: ISIS cho php m phng mch v ARES dng v mch in. Khi ng chng trnh Start > All Program > Proteus 6 Professional > ISIS 6 Professional

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Thc tp c s

Khoa K Thut in T 2 23 Ca s chng trnh sau khi khi ng: Thanh cng c chn linh kin Thanh cng c chun Vng khng gian dng v mch in

-

Cc nt chn cho php bt u, tm dng hay kt thc qu trnh m phng

Bin son : L Quc n Cc thao tc c bn S dng thanh cng c chun: New: to mch in mi - Open: m mch in cCc thao tc sn v menu Edit. menu File S dng thanh linh kin: Khoa K Thut in T 2 Nhm cc linh kin va s dng t tn cho dy dn Ni dy dng bus Ngun v GND Cc thit b to tn Linh kin c chn -

Thc tp c s

Save: - Zoom - Zoom to lu tr Out: thu Area: mch nh phng to in mch mt Zoom - Zoom All: in vng In: hin ton mch phng to b mch in mch in cng c th thc hin thng qua trn thanh cng c chun in

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24

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Cc linh

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

a linh kin vo vng thit k, ta thc hin chn linh kin ri nhn chut tri trn vng lm vic. thc hin chn linh kin, ta thc hin nhn chut phi trn linh kin, n s chuyn sang mu cho bit trng thi ang chn. Sau khi chn linh kin, ta c th di chuyn linh kin bng cch thc hin thao tc drag-and-drop (nhn chut tri v gi ri di chuyn chut n v tr k). xo linh kin, ta chn linh kin ri nhn chut phi ln na xo. 25 Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n Thm linh kin mi: Nu linh kin khng tn ti trong thanh linh kin, ta phi thc hin thm mi t cc th vin c sn bng cch chn menu Library > Pick hay nhn P. Khoa K Thut in T 2 Tn linh ki n T m ki m Cc th linh vin ki cha n linh kin Cc th vin con Ca s ly linh kin:

Thc tp c s

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Hn h nh linh ki n

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26

Bin son : L Quc n Ni dy: V d nh tm linh kin in tr: G Resistor trong vng Keywords. Chn Category l Resistors. Chn Sub-category l Generic.

Thc tp c s

Chuyn con tr chut n v tr cn ni dy, trn con tr chut s xut hin du X

-

Di chuyn chut v nhn chut tri khi cn thit xc nh v tr dy dn

-

Khi ko dy n v tr cn thit th nhn chut tri ni dy.

2. Tin trnh thc hinHot ng ca 74LS138 V mch in nh hnh v trang bn: Trong v tr cc linh kin cho nh sau: 27

Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n Keywords Led Resistor Switch 138 Ngun v GND ly t thanh linh kin. Category Optoelectronics Resistors Switches & Relays TTL 74LS series Subcategory LEDs Resistor packs Switches All -

Thc tp c s

Results LED-RED RESPACK-8 Switch 74LS138

-

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

28

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

G G2A -

Thc thi mch bng cch nhn vo nt Start y mn hnh. Thay i trng thi ca cc cng tc nhn kim tra hot ng ca 74LS138 nh bng sau (lu l Led sng ng vi mc logic 0 v Led tt ng vi mc logic 1):

G2B

C -

B -

A -

Y0 -

Y1 -

Y2 -

Y3 -

Y4 -

Y5 -

Y6 -

Y7

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

29

Bin son : L Quc n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 -

Thc tp c s

-

-

-

- Thay i trng thi ca cc chn G1, G2A , G2B v nhn xt kt qu.

Hot ng ca 74LS373 V mch in nh hnh v trang bn: Chuyn trng thi SW9 sang mc logic 1, thay i trng thi cc cng tc t SW1 SW8, nhn xt v trng thi cc Led. Chuyn trng thi SW9 sang mc logic 0, thay i trng thi cc cng tc t SW1 SW8, nhn xt v trng thi cc Led. 30 Keywords Led Resistor Switch 373 374 Category Optoelectronics Resistors Switches & Relays TTL 74LS series TTL 74LS series Subcategory LEDs Resistor packs Switches All All Results LED-RED RESPACK-8 SW-SPDT 74LS373 74LS374 Trong v tr cc linh kin cho nh sau:

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

Thay i mc logic ti chn OE , thc hin li qu trnh nh trn, nhn xt kt qu. Rt ra kt lun v tc dng ca chn OE v LE.

Thay IC 37LS373 bng IC 74LS374, nhn xt v s khc nhau ca chn LE 74LS373 v CLK 74LS374.

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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31

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

-

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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32

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

- BI 2: IU KHIN LED 7 ON MC CH Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau: - S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in. - Tm hiu cc phng php hin th d liu trn Led 7 on dng 89C51. THIT B S DNG - My vi tnh. - Phn mm Proteus

3. C s l thuytCu trc v m hin th d liu trn Led 7 on Dng Led aD1 a D2 b D3 c D4 d D5 e D6 f D7 g D8 dp

f e Led Anode chung

a g d c d p b

COM

b

c

d

e

g

f

dp

i vi dng Led anode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 1 v mun sng Led th tng ng cc chn a f, dp s mc logic 0. S a Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l MSB, dp l LSB): b c d e f g d p M h e x - 0 3 h - 33 -

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0

-

0

-

0

-

0

-

0

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0

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0

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1

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1

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

1

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9 F h 2 5 h 0 D h 9 9 h 4 9 h 4 1 h 1 F h 0 1 h 0 9 h

S d p Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l LSB, dp l MSB): g f e d c b a M he x - 0 C - 34 -

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0

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1

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0

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

Thc tp c s

-

1 0

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3

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4 5 6 7 8 9

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1 1 1 1 1 1

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0 0 0 1 0 0

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1 1 0 1 0 1

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1 0 0 1 0 0

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0 0 0 0 0 0

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0 1 1 0 0 0

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1 0 0 0 0 0

0h - 0F 9h - 0 A 4h - 0 B 0h - 99 h - 92 h - 82 h - 0F 8h - 80 h - 90 h

-

Led Cathode chung COM aD1 a

bD2 b

cD3 c

dD4 d

eD5 e

gD6 f

fD7 g

dpD8 dp

i vi dng Led Cathode chung, chn COM phi c mc logic 0 v mun sng Led th tng ng cc chn a f, dp s mc logic 1. S a Bng m cho Led Cathode chung (a l MSB, dp l LSB): b c d e f g d p M he x - 35

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

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1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

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1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

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1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

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1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

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0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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0F Ch 60 h 0D Ah 0F 2h 66 h 0B 6h 0B Eh 0E 0h 0F Eh 0F 6h

Bng m cho Led Anode chung (a l LSB, dp l MSB): d p g f e d c b a M h e x 3 F h 0 6 h 5 B h 4 36

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S

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Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

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F h 6 6 h 6 D h 7 D h 0 7 h 7 F h 6 F h

Dng phng php qut Khi kt ni chung cc ng d liu ca Led 7 on (hnh v), ta khng th cho cc Led ny sng ng thi (do nh hng ln nhau gia cc Led) m phi thc hin phng php qut, ngha l ti mi thi im ch sng mt Led v tt cc Led cn li. Do hin tng lu nh ca mt, ta s thy cc Led sng ng thi. -

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

37

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

Dng phng php cht Khi thc hin tch ring cc ng d liu ca Led, ta c th cho php cc Led sng ng thi m s khng c hin tng nh hng gia cc Led. IC cht cho php lu tr d liu cho cc Led c th s dng l 74LS373, 74LS374. -

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

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38

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

-

4. Tin trnh thc hinDng phng php qut Ke yw ord s 7se g 895 1 Pnp Res isto r Category Sub-category Results V a l u e S dng mch nh hnh v phn trn vi cc linh kin:

-

-

Optoelectroni cs Microprocess or ICs Transistors Resistors

-

7-Segment Displays 8051 Family Generic Resistor Packs

-

7SEG-COMANODE AT89C51 PNP RX8

-

2 2 0

Thc hin on chng trnh sau hin th s 26 ra 2 Led 7 on: main: 39

Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n MOV CLR CALL SETB MOV CLR CALL SETB SJMP Delay: PUSH MOV DJNZ POP RET END 07H R7,#100 R7,$ 07H P2,#82h P1.0 Delay P1.0 P2,#0A4H P1.1 Delay P1.1 main ; M ca s 2 ; M ca s 6 ; Hin s

Thc tp c s

Sa on chng trnh trn hin th s 15, 37 ra 2 Led 7 on. B cc lnh SETB v nhn xt tc dng ca cc lnh ny. S dng mch nh hnh v phn trn vi cc linh kin: Category Subcategor y 7Segmen t Display s 8051 Family All Results Value

Dng phng php cht Keywords

-

7seg

-

Optoelectronic s

-

-

7SEGCOMANODE

-

-

8951 374

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Microprocesso r ICs 74 TTL Series

-

-

AT89C51 74LS374

40

Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

Resistor -

-

Resistors

-

Resistor Packs

-

RX8

-

220

Thc hin on chng trnh sau hin th s 08 ra 2 Led 7 on: MOV CLR SETB MOV CLR SETB END P2,#80h P1.0 P1.0 P2,#0C0H P1.1 P1.1 ; M ca s 0 ; M ca s 8

-

Thc hin on chng trnh trn hin th s tng dn t 00 n 99 ra 2 Led 7 on. MOV MOVC A,B A,@A+DPTR 41 MOV MOVC MOV CLR SETB DPTR,#Maled7 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P1.1 P1.1 ; Xut s hng chc ; Chuyn sang m Led 7 on main: MOV lap: MOV MOV DIV A,30H B,#10 AB ; A cha s hng chc, B, cha s ; hng n v 30H,#0 ; nh 30h cha gi tr xut ra Led

MOV P2,A Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n Maled7: DB Delay: PUSH PUSH MOV Delay1: MOV DJNZ DJNZ POP POP RET END R7,#255 R7,$ R6,Delay1 06 07 07 06 R6,#255 CALL INC MOV CJNE SJMP Delay 30H A,30H A,#100,lap main ; Tng nh 30h CLR SETB P1.0 P1.0 ; Xut s hng n v

Thc tp c s

; Nu gi tr nh tng n 100 ; th gim v 0

;----------------0C0h,0F9h,0A4h,0B0h,99h,92h,82h,0F8h,80h,90h ;-----------------

Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on tng dn t 00 - 59. Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on tng dn t 00 - 23. Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 99 - 00. Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 59 - 00. Sa on chng trnh trn gi tr xut ra 2 Led 7 on gim dn t 23 - 00. 42

Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

43

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

- BI 3: CNG TC NHN MC CH Gip sinh vin kho st cc vn sau: S dng phn mm Proteus m phng mch in. Tm hiu cch thc kim tra cng tc c nhn hay khng v cc ng dng ca chng dng trong 89C51.

THIT B S DNG - My vi tnh. - Phn mm Proteus

5. C s l thuytCng tc n Cc phm n dng iu khin khi h thng khng i hi nhiu gi tr nhp (chng nh ch cn cc iu khin ng m thit b). Khi thc hin kim tra phm nhn, vn cn thit l phi thc hin chng di. Qu trnh chng di c th thc hin bng phn mm: Do thi gian di ca phm vo khong 20ms nn qu trnh chng di bng phn mm n gin l to mt thi gian tr ln chng trnh b qua nh hng khi di. Khi thc hin giao tip gia cng tc n v vi iu khin MCS-51 th cn lu phi set bit tng ng ca vi iu khin ln mc logic 1 mi c th c d liu vo. Phn cng giao tip c th m t nh hnh v, tuy nhin i vi h MCS-51, cc port c in tr ko ln ngun (tr port 0) nn i vi s hnh a v c c th khng cn in tr R. VCC VCCVCC R

R

SW To uP

SW To uP

SW

To uP

a

R

-

b

-

c

Bn phm Hex Khoa K Thut in T 2 44

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

khi khng nhn phm th hng ca bn phm Hex ni vi Vcc thng qua in tr R nn c mc logic 1. phn bit c trng thi ca phm nhn th mc logic khi nhn phm phi l mc logic 0. M khi nhn mt phm no th tng ng hng v ct ca bn phm Hex s kt ni vi nhau. Do , thc hin kim tra mt phm th ta phi cho trc ct cha phm tng ng mc logic 0, sau kim tra hng ca phm, nu hng = 0 th c nhn phm cn hng = 1 th khng nhn phm. V d nh mun kim tra phm 4 th ta cho ct cha phm 4 mc logic 0 (chn 5 ca J1, cc ct khc = 1, ngha l d liu ti J1 l 1000xxxxb), sau thc hin kim tra chn 2 ca J1 (hng ca phm 4), nu chn ny = 0 th phm 4 c nhn. CON8 8 9 A B 4 5 6 7 R R R R 0 1 2 3 VCC

-1 -3 4 5 6 7 8 2 C D E F

J1

-

6. Tin trnh thc hinCng tc n Keywords 7seg S dng mch nh hnh v trang bn vi cc linh kin: Category All Subcategory All Results 7SEGCOM45 Value

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n 8951 374 Button Resistor All 74 TTL Series Switches & Relays Resistors All All All Resistor Packs ANODE AT89C51 74LS374 Button RX8

Thc tp c s

220

Thc hin chng trnh sau: MOV SJMP JNB JNB SJMP INC MOV CJNE MOV SJMP ;------------DEC MOV CJNE MOV SJMP ;------------46 30H A,30H A,#255,Hienthi 30H,#99 Hienthi ; Nu gi tr gim = -1 (255) ; th gn 30h = 99 ; Gim nh 30h 30H,#0 Hienthi P3.0,Sw1 P3.1,Sw2 Main 30H A,30H A,#100,Hienthi 30H,#0 Hienthi ; Nu gi tr nh 30h = 100 ; th gn 30h = 0 ; Hin th ra Led 7 on ; Tng nh 30h ; Nu P3.0 = 0 th nhn SW1 ; Nu P3.1 = 0 th nhn SW2

-

Main: -

-

SW1: -

-

Sw2: -

-

Hienthi: Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n Delay: Delay1: MOV DJNZ DJNZ POP POP R7,#255 R7,$ R6,Delay1 06 07 PUSH PUSH MOV 07 06 R6,#100 MOV MOV DIV MOV MOVC MOV CLR SETB MOV MOV MOVC MOV CLR SETB CALL SJMP ;-------------A,30H B,#10 AB DPTR,#Maled7 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P1.1 P1.1 A,B DPTR,#Maled7 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P1.0 P1.0 Delay Main

Thc tp c s

Maled7: DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H

Khoa K Thut in T 2

-

47

Bin son : L Quc n END Nhn vo cc cng tc v quan st trng thi cc Led. RET

Thc tp c s

-

B lnh CALL Delay trong chng trnh trn v quan st trng thi cc Led, c nhn xt g so vi khi c thi gian Delay. -

Bn phm Hex Keywords 7seg S dng mch nh hnh v trang bn vi cc linh kin: Category All Subcategory All Results 7SEGCOMANODE AT89C51 74LS374 RX8 KEYPADValue

-

8951 374 Resistor Keypad

-

All 74 TTL Series Resistors Switches

-

All All Resistor Packs All

-

48 220

Khoa K Thut in T 2

Bin son : L Quc n & Relays Thc hin chng trnh sau: SW0: MOV 30H,#0 MOV JNB JNB JNB JNB MOV JNB JNB JNB JNB MOV JNB JNB JNB JNB MOV JNB JNB JNB JNB SJMP Main ;------------P3,#0FEH P3.4,Sw7 P3.5,Sw8 P3.6,Sw9 P3.7,Swchia P3,#0FDH P3.4,Sw4 P3.5,Sw5 P3.6,Sw6 P3.7,Swnhan P3,#0FBH P3.4,Sw1 P3.5,Sw2 P3.6,Sw3 P3.7,Swtru P3,#0F7H P3.4,Swon P3.5,Sw0 P3.6,Swbang P3.7,Swcong SMALLCA LC

Thc tp c s

Main: ; Chn ct cha cc phm 7,8,9,

; Chn ct cha cc phm 4,5,6,X

; Chn ct cha cc phm 1,2,3,-

; Chn ct cha cc phm ON/C,0,=,+

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

49

Bin son : L Quc n SW1: SW2: SW3: SW4: SW5: SW6: SW7: MOV 30H,#7 Khoa K Thut in T 2 MOV 30H,#6 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#5 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#4 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#3 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#2 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#1 SJMP Hienthi ;------------SJMP Hienthi ;-------------

Thc tp c s

-

50

Bin son : L Quc n SW8: SW9: Swon: Swbang: Swcong: Swtru: Swnhan: MOV 30H,#14 Khoa K Thut in T 2 MOV 30H,#13 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#12 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#11 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#10 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#9 SJMP Hienthi ;------------MOV 30H,#8 SJMP Hienthi ;------------SJMP Hienthi ;-------------

Thc tp c s

-

51

Bin son : L Quc n Swchia: Hienthi: Delay: PUSH PUSH 07 06 MOV MOV DIV MOV MOVC MOV CLR SETB MOV MOV MOVC MOV CLR SETB CALL LJMP ;-------------A,30H B,#10 AB DPTR,#MALED7 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P1.1 P1.1 A,B DPTR,#MALED7 A,@A+DPTR P2,A P1.0 P1.0 Delay Main MOV 30H,#15 SJMP Hienthi ;------------SJMP Hienthi ;-------------

Thc tp c s

Maled7: DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H

Khoa K Thut in T 2

-

52

Bin son : L Quc n Delay1: END MOV DJNZ DJNZ POP POP RET R7,#255 R7,$ R6,Delay1 06 07 MOV R6,#100

Thc tp c s

Sa chng trnh : 53

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

Bin son : L Quc n -

Thc tp c s

Nhn phm +: thc hin cng ni dung nh 30h vi 20 v xut ra 2 Led 7 on. Nhn phm -: thc hin tr ni dung nh 30h vi 1 v xut ra 2 Led 7 on. Nhn phm x: thc hin nhn ni dung nh 30h vi 3 v xut ra 2 Led 7 on. Nhn phm : thc hin chia ni dung nh 30h vi 2 v xut kt qu ra 2 Led 7 on. Nhn phm ON/C: thc hin xo ni dung nh 30h (gn bng 0) v xut ra 2 Led 7 on.

Khoa K Thut in T 2 -

-

54

Bin son : L Quc n -

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PHN 3: THC TP HN V RP MCH BI 1: GII THIU TNG QUT V GIA CNG MCH INMC CHMc ch chnh ca t thc tp ny l gip cho sinh vin c thc tp tay ngh xng vi hng phn tch tay ngh trc v thc hin ngh sau. Sinh vin s c trang b kin thc theo hng dy chuyn t vic v s nguyn l mch m phng kt qu v mch in gia cng mch in hn lp, lp trnh v o th. Trong qu trnh sinh vin s c lm quen vi nhng cng c dng test mch nh: pro-ject board hay dng board mch in a nng hn ni linh kin. Ngai ra, trong t thc tp ny sinh vin s lm quen vi tc phong cng nghip, lng vo mi bui hc cc thy c s hng dn va tay ngh va tc phong lm vic (gi gic lao ng, trt t ngn np, v sinh, an tan lao ng,) to cho sinh vin c thi quen phn x ngh nghip nhanh v chnh xc, c s ng b gia suy ngh v hnh ng.

GII THIU MT S DNG C NGHM hn in: M hn in thng c 2 lai: lai dng in tr t nng v loi dng nguyn l ngn mch th cp bin p. V cng sut th m hn c nhiu lai cng sut khc nhau: 20W, 40W, 60W, 80W, 100W, Trong t thc tp ny ta dng m hn lai in tr t nng c cng sut 40W, v nhng l do sau: Trnh nh hng ca t trng ln linh kin hn, nht l i vi IC CMOS Khng nhit lng qu ln pht ra t m hn khi tip xc vi linh kin c th gy h hng cho linh kin, nhng nhit cng phi lm chy dy ch trong thi gian hp l. Nu dng m hn c cng sut qa ln, d gy tnh trng oxit ha b mt cc dy dn bng ng gy kh khn ngay lc hn, trong trng hp dng nha thng th nhit qu nng s lm chy nha thng v bm thnh lp en ti mi hn, lm gim bng ca mi hn. Mt m hn c xem l t khi u m hn lun tn ti mt lp ch bng trn b mt. Gi gc m hn: Dng gi u m hn trong lc ngh hn, trnh m hn khi cn nng tip xc vi cc thit b khc v lm hng nh bn gh, dy in, dao,

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Ch hn, nha thng: Ch hn c nhiu lai, nhng lp rp cc mch in t th ta thng dng lai ch hn d nng chy: khang 600C n 800C, dng si rut c, ng knh khang 1mm, si ch c bc lp nha thng (bn ngai hay bn trong si ch). i vi lai ch hn ny khi nhn vo ta s cm nhn c bng (khng ging cc lai ch dng trong cc lnh vc khc) Nha thng l 1 lai dip lc t ly t cy thng, thng c dng rn hay dng m, mu vng nht (i khi c mu trng c). Trong qu trnh hn nn cha nha thng vo hp hoc cha ca gi (nu gi c ch trng cha nha thng). Trong qu trnh hn thnh thang ta nn dng thm nha thng tng cng thm cht ty ra khi lp nha thng trong ch hn khng , tuy nhin khng nn lm dng nha thng qu nhiu trong lc hn. Cc lai km: Km ct: dng ct chn linh kin v cc an dy dn, mi lai km ct s tng ng vi mi lai dy dn. Khng c dng km ct lai nh ct an dy dn c kch thc qu ln hay qu cng, iu ny s lm m ming km hay gy km. Km m nhn: dng gi v b gp cc an dy cng hn cc chn linh kin, hay gi linh kin trong khi hn. Tuyt i khng dng km m nhn bm hay b cc dy dn qu ln hay qu cng. Km tut: dng tut lp v bc nha bn ngai ca cc an dy dn trong lc hn ni, ng knh ca mi lai dy dn tng ng vi gi tr ghi trn km tut. Ch : Tuyt i khng dng km thay cho ba Dao, giy nhm: Dng lm sch lp oxit ha trn b mt dy dn hay chn linh kin trc khi hn ni hay xi ch, khi dng dao nn nghing 1 gc 450 trnh trng hp xc dy trong lc co. Ngai ra, dao cng cn dng gt lp nha bc ngai dy dn trong trng hp khng c km tut. Khoan: Dng khoan cc l chn linh kin hay lm rng cc l khoan sn trn mch in, ng vi mi lai chn linh kin ta s dng l khoan c ng knh tng ng. Trong lc khoan khng nn mi khoan qu mnh, iu ny s lm cho mi khoan d b gy. Gia 2 ln khoan nn c thi gian ngh, khng nn khoan lin tc. Nhp: Dng gp cc linh kin ra khi mch in hay dng un cc chn linh kin cho thng v ng khang cch, c bit l IC. Khoa K Thut in T 2 - 56 -

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CC BC THC HIN KHI LM MCH IN BNG TH CNGCc thit b cn thit ti thiu trc khi thc hin: Mch in c mt c trng ng Bt v mch in (bt lng du) Nc ra mch in (dung dch n mn clorua st: FeCl3 hay amoniumpersunphat: (NH4)2S2O8). B ng thuc ra (bng thy tinh chu la hoc snh s, nha) B ng nc sch. My khoan. Qu trnh thc hin: Ct kch thc trn tm mch in c mt trng ng ng bng kch thc board mch in m mnh cn thc hin. Lm sch b mt trng ng, sau lau tht kh. Dng bt v cc ng mch in trn mt trng ng (Ch : ng v phi u v sc cnh, nhng ni no c ph mc th nhng ni sau ny s l ng mch ng). Nhng board vo b ng nc ra t 5 n 10 pht (phi cho thuc ra tip xc u vi tit din ca board mch). Ra sch bng nc sch v kh. Dng giy nhm nh nh lp mc hin ra lp ng. Khoan, bm l. Ch : Dung dch ra mch in rt nguy him, s b nguy hi nu dung dch dnh vo mt, da hay qun o. Trong trng hp b dung dch dnh vo th phi ra ngay bng nc sch nhiu ln. Nn mang bao tay bng cao su, knh bo v trong qu trnh ra mch in.

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BI 2: THC TP HN V RP MCH TRN PROJECT-BOARDVI. I. MC CHGip cho sinh vin lm quen vi cch lp rp mch in t trn cc cng c h tr thng s dng khi c nhu cu kim tra mt mch n gin hay tm hiu nguyn l ng ca 1 linh kin no m khng cn phi lm mch in. Ngai ra, cung cp cho sinh vin kh nng xi ch trn cc dy dn mch v hn cc linh kin in t trn mch in.

VII. II. PHNG PHP XI CH V HN NI1. Tin trnh thc hin khi xi ch trn dy ng: - Bc 1: Dng dao lm sch b mt dy ng ni cn xi. - Bc 2: Lm nng nng dy ng bng cch t u m hn bn di dy ng cn xi truyn nhit, khi mu hng ca dy ng chuyn sang sm th ta a ch hn tip xc ln dy dn (khc pha vi u m hn). Khi nhit nng th ch s chy ra v bc quanh dy ng ti im cn xi. - Thc hin bc 2 lin tc n v tr khc theo nguyn tc tin 2 bc li 1 bc (1 bc khang 2mm) cho n khi tan b dy ng c xi. 2. Hn ni dy dn: - Hn u 2 u dy dn:

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- Hn ghp vung gc 2 u dy dn:

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VIII. III. GII THIU PROJECT BOARD V MCH IN A NNG1. Project board: - Project board l dng cm nhiu l, dng cm cc linh kin nh IC, transistor, in tr, t in, dy ni, th cc mch in t n gin, hay kim tra c tnh ca linh kin no . - Cu to Project board: + Project board l dng tm phng, c bng nha. cc l cm l cc l ng m bc c cu trc dng nhp, dng kp chn linh kin khi cm vo l. + Cu to gm 3 phn: 2 thanh nh hai u (thng cp ngun hay to thnh mt nt giao ca nhiu nhnh trong mch) v 2 thanh ln gia (htng cm linh kin v dy) + Khang cch gia 2 l lin tip bng 0.1 inch (=2.54mm) tng ng vi khang cch 2 chn lin tip ca IC. Khang cch gia 2 tm gia bng 0.3 inch tng ng vi khang cch 2 hng chn IC lai DIP300. ( Ch : khng nn cm nhng linh kin hay dy dn c kch thc ln hn kch thc ca l)

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2. Mch in a nng (Test Board) - Mch in a nng c cu to tng t nh Project board nhng tm board l mch in khng trng ng c 2 mt, lp trn khng trng ng l lp linh kin, lp di l lp mch in. Trn tan b tm board cc l c khoan cch u nhau vi ng knh ca l cng nh lp ng bao ph quanh l lp di ng chun ca chn IC. - Mch in a nng thng c dng lp t, sp xp cc linh kin c nh v sau hn cng linh kin trn board, nn n thay th tng ng chc nng ca mch in han chnh. Khoa K Thut in T 2 61

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IX. IV. RP V KHO ST MCH DAO NG A HICc bc thc hnh ti xng: - Rp mch trn project-board t s nguyn l di y. - Kim tra k li mch rp trc khi cp ngun. - Cp ngun dc v kim tra trng thi hot ng ca mch. 5V R1 330 D1 LED C1 C2 R3 8K2 R2 8K2 R4 330 D2 LED

10uF Q1 C828

10uF Q2 C828

Tnh ton li cc gi tr ca cc in tr, t mch tho mn iu kin trong mch dao ng a hi t kch. Tnh tn s dao ng. Phn tch nguyn l hot ng; tnh ton cc gi tr v tn s dao ng; cc gi tr o (VBE; VCE).

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BI 3: THC HNH RP MCH NGUN N P DCX. I. MC CHGip cho sinh vin cng c v thc hnh kin thc cc mn hc nh linh kin kin t, ngun in. Ngoi ra, hng dn sinh vin nghin cu v vn dng datasheet ca cc linh kin chuyn dng t cc nh sn xut linh kin. Qua bi thc hnh ny, sinh vin c th rp nhng mch ngun n p dc c bn v thng dng nht.

XI. II. RP V KHO ST MCH NGUN N P DC 5V/1ACc linh kin v d liu h tr : - IC LM317 v LM337. - Bin th ra i xng. - 4 diode chnh lu v t lc. - Datasheet ca LM317 v LM337. Yu cu : Rp ngun n p dc i xng 5V/1A theo s ch dn ca datasheet trn projectboard. Lu :Khng ct chn linh kin.

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Kim tra k li mch rp trc khi cp ngun. Cp ngun v kim tra trng thi hot ng ca mch. Phn bo co :V li mch nguyn l. o cc thng s in p vo-ra, gii thch.

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