TUGAS AKHIR - eprints.undip.ac.ideprints.undip.ac.id/55833/1/ARSYA_SHABRINA_S._21020113120024_JUDUL.pdf · Tugas Akhir yang disusun berjudul Semarang International Convention and

TUGAS AKHIR

LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR

SEMARANG INTERNASIONAL CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTER

(COEXs)

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

guna memperoleh judul Tugas Akhir

oleh:

Arsya Shabrina Sarahidayati

21020112120024

Dosen Pembimbing:

Ir. Bambang Adji Murtomo, MSA

Ir. Dhanoe Iswanto, MT

Dosen Penguji:

Arnis Rochma Harani, ST, MT

TUGAS AKHIR PERIODE 138/60

Periode Februari-Juni 2017

DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

SEMARANG

2017

1 Semarang International Convention and Exhibition Center (COEXs)

Arsya Shabrina Sarahidayati - 21020113120024







ABSTRAK

Semarang merupakan ibukota provinsi dari Jawa Tengah. Kota Semarang merupakan kota yang

dikenal dengan obyek wisata khas peninggalan Belanda seperti Kawasan Kota Lama dan wisata kuliner

nya seperti lumpia dan wingko babat. Kota Semarang dilihat secara topografinya terdiri dari daerah

perbukitan, dataran rendah dan daerah pantai. Masyarakat kota Semarang biasa menyebut daerah

dataran rendah dan daerah pantai sebagai kota bawah dan daerah perbukitan sebagai kota atas. Hal ini

merupakan salah satu keunikan kota Semarang. Hal inilah yang merupakan daya tarik pariwisata kota

Semarang bagi wisatawan dalam negeri maupun mancanegara. Sebagaimana kota-kota di Pulau Jawa,

kota Semarang memiliki jumlah penduduk yang banyak dan terus bertumbuh setiap tahunnya.

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin bertambah setiap tahunnya membuat makin tingginya tingkat

kebutuhan penduduk kota Semarang. Salah satunya dalam penyelenggaraan event-event kecil maupun

besar kota Semarang. Berdasarkan data yang didapat dari Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota

Semarang tahun 2014 dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah kegiatan convention dan exhibition di kota

Semarang setiap tahunnya bertambah ± 22 event dengan kenaikan jumlah peserta ± 29.000 orang per

tahun.

Hingga saat ini, tempat penyelenggaraan kegiatan MICE (Meeting, Inventive, Convention and

Exhibition) yang dapat menampung jumlah pengunjung terbanyak berada di Marina Exhibition Center

dan Grand Ballroom Crowne Plaza. Keduanya berkapasitas sebanyak 5000 orang. Lokasi

penyelenggaraan kegiatan MICE (Meeting, Inventive, Convention and Exhibition) di Crowne Plaza ini

sendiri memiliki kekurangan dari segi aksesibiitas. Padahal, berdasarkan Fred Lawson dalam bukunya

Conference, Convention and Exhibition Facilities, perencanaan lokasi kegiatan MICE memiliki lokasi

berdekatan dengan jalan utama dan lalu lintas yang lancar, memiliki sistem lalu lintas dengan lebar jalan

yang cukup lebar dan pintu masuk yang terlihat jelas dan mudah dikenali. Selain itu, di kota Semarang

belum ada sebuah tempat penyelenggaraan konvensi dan ekhibisi yang berlokasi di satu kawasan. Oleh

karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah tempat Convention dan Exhibition Center bertaraf Internasional di kota

Semarang berkapasitas lebih banyak yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan penduduk kota Semarang yang

semakin meningkat. Pembangunan sebuah Convention dan Exhibition Center bertaraf Internasional ini

diharapkan akan membantu pelaksanaan program pariwisata MICE (Meeting, Inventive, Convention and

Exhibition) pemerintah kota Semarang sehingga kedepannya kota Semarang memiliki prospek yang baik

untuk dapat dijadikan lokasi tujuan penyelenggaraan kegiatan MICE (Meeting, Inventive, Convention and

Exhibition) taraf nasional maupun internasional dan menjadi landmark baru kota Semarang.

Kata kunci: convention, exhibition, center, pariwisata, Semarang,



KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkah dan rahmatNya sehingga penulis

dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan Tugas Akhir Periode 138 dengan tepat waktu. Tugas Akhir yang

disusun berjudul Semarang International Convention and Exhibition Center (COEXs). Penyusunan

landasan perencanaan dan perancangan arsitektur (LP3A) dilakukan untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah

Tugas Akhir dan sebagai syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik. Selesainya LP3A ini tidak

terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Oleh karena itu dalam

kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Bapak Ir. B. Adji Murtomo, MSA selaku dosen pembimbing utama dan dosen koordinator matakuliah

Tugas Akhir yang telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan penjelasan terhadap tugas;

2. Bapak Ir. Dhanoe Iswanto, MT selaku dosen pembimbing kedua yang telah memberikan bimbingan,

arahan dan penjelasan terhadap tugas;

3. Ibu Arnis Rochma Harani, ST, MT selaku dosen pembimbing kedua yang telah memberikan

bimbingan, arahan dan penjelasan terhadap tugas;

4. Bapak Ir. Eddy Indarto, Msi yang telah memberikan kuliah pengantar LP3A;

5. Bapak Dr. Ir. Agung Budi Sardjono, MT. selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Diponegoro;

6. Ibu Dr. Ir. Erni Setyowati, MT. selaku Ketua Program S1 Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Diponegoro;

7. Keluarga yang telah membantu penulis baik moral maupun moril;

8. Teman-teman yang sudah memberikan masukan kritik dan saran;

9. Pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan sinopsis ini yang tidak dapat penulis sebut

namanya satu-persatu.

Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga LP3A Semarang International Convention and Exhibition

Center (COEXs) ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca khususnya mahasiswa dalam bidang ilmu arsitektur dan

masyarakat pada umumnya.

Semarang, 20 Juni 2017

Penulis



DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................................................................

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ........................................................................................... 1

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................................... 2

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ........................................................................ 3

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................................. 4

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................................. 5

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................................................... 6

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................................. 9

DAFTAR TABEL.................................................................................................................................. 10

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................................... 11

1.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................................................... 11

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran ................................................................................................................... 12

1.2.1. Tujuan ............................................................................................................................. 12

1.2.2. Sasaran ........................................................................................................................... 12

1.3. Manfaat ..................................................................................................................................... 13

1.3.1. Subyektif ......................................................................................................................... 13

1.3.2. Obyektif .......................................................................................................................... 13

1.4. Ruang Lingkup ........................................................................................................................... 13

1.4.1. Ruang Lingkup Subtansial ............................................................................................... 13

1.4.2. Ruang Lingkup Spasial ..................................................................................................... 13

1.5. Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................................................ 14

1.5.1. Metode Deskriptif ........................................................................................................... 14

1.5.2. Metode Dokumentatif .................................................................................................... 14

1.5.3. Metode Komparatif ........................................................................................................ 14

1.6. Sistematika Pembahasan .......................................................................................................... 14

1.7. Alur Pikir .................................................................................................................................... 16

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................... 17

2.1. Tinjauan Umum Convention and Exhibition Center .................................................................. 17

2.1.1. Definisi Convention ........................................................................................................ 17

2.1.2. Definisi Exhibition ........................................................................................................... 17

2.1.3. Definisi Center ................................................................................................................ 17

2.1.4. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................... 17

2.2. Fungsi Convention and Exhibition Center ................................................................................. 17

2.3. Tujuan Convention and Exhibition Center ................................................................................. 17

2.4. Kegiatan Convention and Exhibition Center .............................................................................. 18

2.4.1 Kegiatan Convention Center ........................................................................................... 18

2.4.2 Kegiatan Exhibition Center .............................................................................................. 18

2.4.2 Pelaku Kegiatan Convention and Exhibition Center ........................................................ 18

2.5 Perencanaan Convention and Exhibition Center ....................................................................... 19

2.5.1 Lokasi .............................................................................................................................. 19

2.5.2 Ruang dan Fasilitas ......................................................................................................... 19

2.6 Akustik Ruang ........................................................................................................................... 19

2.7 Elemen Ruang Convention and Exhibition Center ..................................................................... 21



2.7.1 Auditorium ....................................................................................................................... 21

2.7.2 Banquet Hall dan Ballroom .............................................................................................. 24

2.7.3 Perencanaan Exhibition Hall ............................................................................................ 24

2.7.4 Perencanaan Pencahayaan .............................................................................................. 25

2.7.5 Parkir Kendaraan ............................................................................................................. 25

2.7.6 Struktur Bentang Lebar ................................................................................................... 26

2.8 Landmark .................................................................................................................................... 29

2.9 Tinjauan Penekanan Desain Arsitektur Modern (form follows function) .................................. 30

2.9.1 Pengertian Arsitektur Modern ......................................................................................... 30

2.9.2 Ciri Arsitektur Modern ...................................................................................................... 30

2.10 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis.................................................................................................... 30

2.10.1 ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) ........................................................................... 31

2.10.1.1 Lokasi ................................................................................................................. 31

2.10.1.2 Fasilitas .............................................................................................................. 31

2.10.1.3 Tampilan Bangunan ........................................................................................... 31

2.10.2 JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) ..................................................................................... 33

2.10.2.1 Lokasi ................................................................................................................. 33

2.10.2.2 Fasilitas .............................................................................................................. 33

2.10.2.3 Tampilan Bangunan ........................................................................................... 34

2.10.3 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................................................... 34

BAB III TINJAUAN LOKASI ................................................................................................................ 36

3.1. Tinjauan Umum Lokasi .............................................................................................................. 36

3.2. Tinjauan Detail Lokasi ............................................................................................................... 36

3.2.1 Keadaan Topografi .......................................................................................................... 37

3.2.2 Keadaan Klimatologi ....................................................................................................... 38

3.3. Demografi ................................................................................................................................. 38

3.3.1 Jumlah Penduduk dan Struktur Penduduk ..................................................................... 38

3.3.2 Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk ......................................................................................... 38

3.3.3 Potensi Penduduk Kota Semarang .................................................................................. 39

3.3.4 Rencana Pengembangan Wilayah .................................................................................. 39

3.3.5 Tata Guna Lahan ............................................................................................................. 39

3.3.6 Keadaan Kepariwisataan Kota Semarang ....................................................................... 40

BAB IV PENDEKATAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR ................. 42

4.1 Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional ................................................................................................... 42

4.1.1 Uraian Pelaku Kegiatan .................................................................................................... 42

4.1.2 Aktivitas Pelaku Kegiatan ................................................................................................. 42

4.1.3 Alur Kegiatan Pelaku ........................................................................................................ 43

4.1.4 Analisa Kelompok Kegiatan .............................................................................................. 44

4.1.5 Pendekatan Kapasitas dan Besaran Ruang ...................................................................... 45

4.1.6 Analisa Besaran Ruang ..................................................................................................... 48

4.2 Pendekatan Aspek Kontekstual.................................................................................................. 52

4.2.1 Pemilihan Lokasi Kegiatan ................................................................................................ 52

4.2.2 Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................................................... 52

4.3 Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja ......................................................................................................... 55

4.3.1 Sistem Pencahayaan ........................................................................................................ 56

4.3.2 Sistem Penghawaan ......................................................................................................... 56



4.3.3 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................................................................ 56

4.3.4 Sistem Pembuangan Air Kotor ......................................................................................... 57

4.3.5 Sistem Jaringan Listrik ...................................................................................................... 58

4.3.6 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ........................................................................................... 58

4.3.7 Sistem Pencegahan Kebakaran ........................................................................................ 58

4.3.8 Sistem Komunikasi ........................................................................................................... 59

4.3.9 Sistem Penangkal Petir ..................................................................................................... 59

4.3.10 Sistem Audio Visual ........................................................................................................ 60

4.3.11 Sistem Akustik ................................................................................................................ 60

4.4 Pendekatan Aspek Teknik .......................................................................................................... 60

4.5 Pendekatan Aspek Visual Arsitektural ....................................................................................... 61

4.5.1 Bentuk dan Massa Bangunan ........................................................................................... 61

4.5.2 Penekanan Desain ............................................................................................................ 61

BAB V PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ............................................................... 62

5.1 Konsep Dasar Perancangan ........................................................................................................ 62

5.2 Program Ruang .......................................................................................................................... 62

5.3 Aspek Visual Arsitektural ........................................................................................................... 66

5.4 Tapak Terpilih ............................................................................................................................ 67

5.5 Aspek Teknik .............................................................................................................................. 67

5.6 Aspek Kinerja .............................................................................................................................. 68

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................................................ 69

BERITA ACARA SIDANG .................................................................................................................... 71



DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Bentuk Theatre 360 Encirclement ....................................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.2 Bentuk Theathre 210-220 Encirclement .............................................................................. 22

Gambar 2.3 Bentuk Theatre Zero Encirclement ...................................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.4 Sistem Tradisional ................................................................................................................ 23

Gambar 2.5 Sistem Continental ............................................................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.6 Konfigurasi Parkir Roda 4 ...................................................................................................... 25

Gambar 2.7 Glasgow Riverside Museum of Transport’s Site Plan .......................................................... 26

Gambar 2.8 Folded Plate Glasgow Riverside Museum of Transport ...................................................... 26

Gambar 2.9 The O2 Arena London .......................................................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.10 The O2 Arena London’s Membrane Structure ................................................................... 27

Gambar 2.11 Singapore National Stadium .............................................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.12 Triangular Trusses Singapore National Stadium ................................................................ 28

Gambar 2.13 Lokasi ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) .................................................................... 31

Gambar 2.14 Eksterior ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) ................................................................ 32

Gambar 2.15 Eksterior ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) ................................................................ 32

Gambar 2.16 Interior ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) .................................................................. 32

Gambar 2.17 Interior ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) ................................................................. 33

Gambar 2.18 Interior ICE (Indonesia Convention Exhibition) .................................................................. 33

Gambar 2.19 Eksterior JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) ......................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.20 Interior JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) ........................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.21 Interior JCC (Jakarta Convention Center) ........................................................................... 35

Gambar 3.1 Peta Rencana Tata Ruang Kota Semarang ........................................................................... 36

Gambar 3.2 Kota Semarang (warna ungu) ............................................................................................... 36

Gambar 3.3 Rencana Struktur Ruang ....................................................................................................... 39

Gambar 4.1 Alur Kegiatan Peserta/Pengunjung ...................................................................................... 44

Gambar 4.2 Alur Kegiatan Penyelenggara ................................................................................................ 44

Gambar 4.3 Alur Kegiatan Pengelola ........................................................................................................ 44

Gambar 4.4 Alternatif Tapak terhadap Kota Semarang .......................................................................... 52

Gambar 4.5 Alternatif Tapak 1 ................................................................................................................. 53



Gambar 5.1 Tapak Terpilih ....................................................................................................................... 67



DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Hasil Studi Banding .................................................................................................................. 35

Tabel 3.1 16 Kecamatan di Kota Semarang ............................................................................................. 37

Tabel 3.2 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Semarang ........................................................................................... 39

Tabel 3.3 Fungsi Tata Guna Lahan ........................................................................................................... 40

Tabel 3.4 Jumlah Wisatawan Domestik dan Asing Kota Semarang ......................................................... 40

Tabel 3.5 Data Kegiatan Convention dan Exhibition di Kota Semarang .................................................. 41

Tabel 3.6 Data Gedung Convention dan Exhibition Kota Semarang ....................................................... 41

Tabel 4.1 Analisa Pelaku dan Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................................................................... 42

Tabel 4.2 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................................................................ 45

Tabel 4.3 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Semarang ........................................................................................... 46

Tabel 4.4 Jumlah Pengguna Fasilitas MICE Kota Semarang ..................................................................... 46

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Studi Banding .................................................................................................................. 46

Tabel 4.6 Data Gedung Convention dan Exhibition Kota Semarang ....................................................... 47

Tabel 4.7 Besaran Ruang ......................................................................................................................... 48

Tabel 4.8 Penilaian Tapak ........................................................................................................................ 55

Tabel 5.1 Program Ruang ......................................................................................................................... 62

Tabel 5.2 Rekapitulasi Hasil Studi Besaran Ruang ................................................................................... 66

Tabel 5.3 Aspek Kinerja ............................................................................................................................ 68

Documents

TUGAS AKHIR - eprints.undip.ac.ideprints.undip.ac.id/55833/1/ARSYA_SHABRINA_S._21020113120024_JUDUL.pdf · Tugas Akhir yang disusun berjudul Semarang International Convention and