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ENGLISH TASK

HEALTH ARTIKEL ON JAKARTA POST

Name : Nurrokhman

NIM : 1208010044

Class : Farmasi 2B

FAKULTAS FARMASI

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO

2013

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Health sense: Stomach cancer: Symptoms and treatment

Chan Hsiang Sui, Contributor, Singapore | Body and Soul | Wed, November 30 2011, 11:08 AM

Stomach cancer is also known as gastric cancer. It is a disease that is caused by an abnormal

growth of cells in the stomach. The cancer cells can develop throughout the stomach wall and

can spread and affect other organs in the body.

Like other forms of cancer, gastric cancer more commonly affects older people from ages 50 and

up. It is common in countries like Iceland, Japan and Chile.

In Singapore, it is the fifth most common cancer among women and the third among men. Over

the past 60 years, there has been a decreasing trend in the number of people diagnosed with

stomach cancer.

The most common type of stomach cancer is adhocaranoma of the stomach. This is when the

case arises from the lining of the stomach. Other types of stomach cancer are: lymphoma that

affects the functions of the immune system, carcinoid tumours that disrupt the hormone-

producing cells in the stomach and gastrointestinal stomach tumors, referring to gastric

sarcomas.

Symptoms of stomach cancer do not manifest in the early stage. More often than not they are

associated with the symptoms of minor stomach and digestive diseases. It is therefore

recommended to see a physician if any of the symptoms below persist longer than the usual:

persistent abdominal discomfort (bloating, nausea, heartburn), unintentional weight loss,

unexplained loss of blood, vomiting blood or passing out, difficult or painful swallowing,

previous stomach surgery or persistent vomiting.

When the patient has any of the above mentioned symptoms, he or she should be evaluated by

his or her physician. After evaluation, the doctor may refer him to an endoscopist for more

detailed investigation of the symptoms.

An endoscopist may be a general surgeon or a gastroenterologist. These are doctors who have an

interest in treating diseases of the stomach, intestines and colon.

When required a gastroscopy can be performed. In this procedure, a small tube with a camera at

the end is passed from the mouth into the stomach to have a look at the lining of the stomach. If a

cancer is found in the stomach, a biopsy can be performed at the same time to confirm the

diagnosis. This procedure usually takes less than 20 minutes. Many patients are initially fearful

about the procedure but their fears are usually unfounded. This procedure is done under sedation

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and the patient does not feel any discomfort when it is being performed. The risks with this

procedure are minimal.

The amount of stomach removed during surgery depends on the extent of and the position of the

cancer. If the cancer is in the upper half of the stomach, the whole stomach is removed. If it is in

the lower half than half to two-thirds of the surroundings of the stomach are also removed. At the

time of surgery, the lymph nodes surrounding the stomach are also removed.

After surgery the patient may require further treatment in the form of chemotherapy or

radiotherapy. This depends on what stage the cancer is.

After surgery, the patient is slowly able to return to a normal diet. Portions for each meal may be

smaller and as such those in recovery will need to eat more frequently.

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Difficult WordsWord Synonim Means

Throughout along sepanjang

Commonly generally umumnya

Symptoms signs gejala

Manifest Real Nyata

Unintentional unwitting Tidak disengaja

Vomiting throw up muntah

Swallowing ingest menelan

Persistent continuous Terus menerus

Surgeon Sawbones Ahli bedah

Treating Medicate Mengobati

Fearful Afraid takut

Sedation obat penenang

Risks hazard Resiko, bahaya

Surgery operation Operasi pembedahan

Extent of level tingkat

Surroundings environment lingkungan

Further Lebih lanjut

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ResumeThis article describes about disease stomach cancer. Stomach cancer is also known as

gastric cancer, is a disease caused by an abnormal growth of cells in the stomach. Gastric

cancer commonly attack people older than age 50 and over.

The most common type of stomach cancer is adhocaranoma stomach, is when cases arise

from the lining of the stomach. Other types of stomach cancer are: lymphoma that affects

the functions of the immune system, carcinoid tumors that disrupt the cells that produce

hormones in the stomach and gastrointestinal stomach tumors, referring to gastric

sarcomas.

Symptoms of stomach cancer are not seen in the early stages. Therefore if there are

symptoms of bloating, nausea, heartburn, unintentional weight loss last longer than usual,

it is advisable to see a doctor. persistent abdominal discomfort (bloating, nausea,

heartburn), weight loss was not intentional, described losing blood, vomit blood or pass

out, difficult or painful swallowing, history of abdominal surgery or persistent vomiting.

When a patient has the symptoms mentioned above, it should be evaluated by his or her

doctor. After evaluation, the doctor may refer him to the endoscopist for more detailed

investigation of symptoms.