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FIGURE 9.55. the fuorescence emission and absorption spectra o anthracene in

solution

FIGURE 9.56. the primary sources o redox transients in the oceans.

FIGURE 9.5 !he spectra o li"ht in the surace o the ocean.

FIGURE 9.5# $ro%le o hydro"en peroxide in the Gul o &exico

'ccur in the oceans. !he sources o the () ') can result rom three ma*or processes.

FIGURE 9.59. !he photochemical accumulation o hydro"en peroxide in sea+ater.

FIGURE 9.6,. !he accumulation rates or di-erent sea+ater as a unction o the

optical absorbency.

!able 9.)

$hotoreactions o Inor"anic /ompounds

/ompounds products or e-ects

Fe)0 Fe10 0 h)2$recambrian3

/u)0complexes 4(1and (/('

Fehumates Fe)0 /') ')

Fe

)0

$'

1

7

I I 0 e

4') 4' 0 '(

&ethionine destruction

4'1 4'1 loss 4')

/hromopnores responsible or thc initial absorpationo li"htare thou"ht tp be humic

and ul8ic material. number o other or"anic and inor"anic molecules may also bc

important and are "i8en in !able 9. and table 9.).

!he recent %ndin"s o hydro"en peroxide 2()')3 in surace sea+aters 2Fu"ure

9.5#3 has stron"ly supported the notion that photochemical processes

!able 9.59

:here sub is a substance able to "i8e up or accept an electron. Recent studies by

;i

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+ith hi"her humicconcentration than in oli"otrophic +aters 2Fi"ure 9.593. !he

production rates also appear to be directly related to the concen

FIGURE 9.6,. the accumulation rates or di-erent sea+aters as a tunction o the

optical absorbancc

!ration o the humic in the +ater 2Fi"ure 9.6,3 as measured by abscrbance at 1,,nm.

!ration o the steady state le8els o ()') are ound at ) x , & the decay o ()')must be slo+. !he diurnal 8ariation sho+n in Fi"ure 9.6 sho+s concentration that

8ary rom 6 x ,# to # x ,#& durin" the day. !he hal = time o ()') in Glu

>tream :aters is about ), h and about ) h in coastal +aters. >tudies also

indicate that th e lietime are much lon"er in deep +ater 2 9,, h at )5, m3. these

results indicate that the lietime o the decay o ()') may be controlled by particles

or biolo"ical proccsses. !he e-ect o particles is sho+n in Fi"ure 9.6). !he %ltration

throu"h a ,) ?m %lter slo+s do+n the decay.