U-1300 Quy Trình Thao Tác

Nh my m Ninh Bnh Phn xng kh ha

Nh my m Ninh Bnh Phn xng kh ha

QUY TRNH THAO TC CNG V U-1300L KH HA BAO HII MC CH NGHA CA CNG V- Sn xut kh tng hp c hm lng CO + H2 > 90% (theo hm lng kh kh) cung cp cho cc cng on pha sau.- Sn xut hi nc trung p 5,3 MPa cung cp cho qu trnh kh ha v a ti h thng hi nc phc v cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my.II NHIM V QUYN HN TRCH NHIMA NHIM V1. Nghim chnh tun theo quy trnh cng ngh v quy trnh an ton.2. Chu trch nhim vn hnh an ton, gi gn tt c cc thit b, ng ng, van.3. Lm tt cng tc v sinh cng nghip ca cng v mnh qun l.4. Vn hnh l kh ha, bao hi v cc thit b ca cng v ng ch tiu cng ngh, kp thi pht hin, bo co v x l nhng vn khng bnh thng xy ra.5. Thng xuyn theo di tnh hnh hot ng ca cc van ng m, cc van iu khin c theo ng cc giai on khng.6. Ghi chp bo biu thao tc chnh xc, sch, p v ng thi gian quy nh.B QUYN HN1. C quyn cht vn nhng ch th ca cp trn giao, nu nhng ch th vi phm quy trnh thao tc, quy trnh k thut an ton cng v th khng chp hnh, nhng phi bo co vt cp.2. C quyn ngn chn v yu cu phc hi nguyn dng i vi cc hot ng lm cn tr n cng v, lm hng thit b, ng ng hoc nh hng n v sinh cng nghip ca cng v.3. C quyn xt hi nhng ngi khng c nhim v vo phm vi mnh qun l.4. C quyn yu cu cung cp nguyn liu hp cch sn xut bnh thng.5. C quyn yu cu cc phng tin v nhng dng c bo h cn thit i vi Trng ca, m bo sn xut an ton.6. C quyn xut kin gim ph ti vi Trng ca khi iu kin sn xut khng n nh, lm cn tr n sn xut bnh thng. Trong trng hp s c, c quyn nu kin x l v ch chp hnh sau khi c Trng ca ng . Tuy nhin, trong trng hp khn cp c quyn x l nhng s c trc sau mi bo co Trng ca.7. C quyn kim tra th cng tc v giy php dng la ca nhng ngi vo sa cha cng v mnh qun l, ng thi ngn chn cng vic ca nhng ngi sa cha khng c giy t hoc c nhng ni dung khng ng vi cng vic sa cha.8. C quyn yu cu ngi sa cha phc hi nguyn dng, v sinh sch s hin trng sau khi sa cha.9. C quyn yu cu sa cha hoc ngng my thit b, ng ng b h hng.10. Trong trng hp h thng sn xut ang gp s c, thit b v ng ng c hin tng khng bnh thng, phng tin phng h, dng c cha chy b h hng v cc hin tng khc lm nh hng n sn xut bnh thng th c quyn khng nhn ca trc khi TRNG CA ng .C TRCH NHIM1. Chu trch nhim chy my, ngng my bnh thng cc thit b trc thuc cng v mnh qun l.2. Khng t ri khi cng v nu cha c php ca Trng ca, khi c php cng phi lm xong th tc giao nhn cng vic vi ngi c ch nh thay th mi c ri khi cng v.3. Chu trch nhim bo qun, bo dng thit b v ng ng mnh qun l, gi gn cng v sch s, ch ng a ra hng mc v kin sa cha, ng thi lm mt s cng vic sa cha nh theo s phn cng ca Trng ca.4. Kim tra tht chu o thit b d phng, m bo lun t th sn sng vn hnh.5. Trc khi giao thit b mnh qun l cho bn sa cha, di s ch o ca Trng ca phi lm tt cng tc x l cng ngh, m bo an ton theo yu cu sa cha. Sau khi sa cha xong, cng nhn vn hnh cng Trng ca chu trch nhim kim tra nghim thu t yu cu mi c a vo s dng.6. Thng xuyn kim tra tnh hnh sn xut v cc thng s k thut cng ngh, phng nghim ngt cc s c xy ra, m bo sn xut an ton.III THUYT MINH LU TRNH CNG NGH

Than bt trng thi gi lng t thng cp than V-1205 c p sut 4,7 MPag, nhit 800C i qua cn y, ti ng thi X-1331. Ti y, dng ni t cao p c thi lin lc vo ng thi nhm h tr vn chuyn, ng thi iu chnh vn tc dng than gi lng. Lu lng than bt ti u t c iu chnh bng van iu tit lu lng. Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, dng than bt c p sut 4,2 MPag i qua van ba ng ti cc u t. Trong giai on khi ng hoc ngng l kh ha, than bt c tun hon v thng cha V-1201 qua thit b gim dng X-1311.

Oxy cao p 4,52 Mpag, 400C t xng phn ly khng kh c a qua thit b gia nhit bng nc cp bao hi E-1309 v t nhit 1800C i ti b trn oxy-hi nc X-1321. Trong b trn, oxy v hi nc qu nhit trung p 5,1 MPag, 2690C c trn u thnh dng hn hp 4,1 MPag, 2030C i vo u t cng vi dng than bt.

Than, oxy, hi nc c phun vo l kh ha qua 4 u t i xng nhau. Trong l kh ha, di iu kin nhit cao, 1400 17000C, p sut cao, 4 MPag, hn hp than, oxy, hi nc phn ng mnh lit to ra cc sn phm gm kh tng hp, x lng v tro bay. Do 4 u t than c lp t vi cc gc nghing nh nn dng kh trong l di chuyn dng dng cun theo chiu t y l ln trn nh l, to ra lc ly tm, y cc ht x lng bm vo tng mng l kh ha, chy lng theo thn l hnh tr ng, xung phn cn y, qua l thi x i vo b x. Ti y, x c lm lnh bng nc, ng rn v v thnh cc ht nh.Kh tng hp c thnh phn CO + H2 >90% ra ti nh l c lm ngui bng dng kh dp ngui, l hn hp ca dng kh tng hp tch tro bay v dng kh tng hp qua ra t. Nh , dng kh tng hp c lm ngui xung 9000C, ng thi cc ht x lng cn cun theo c h nhit , kt thnh cc ht x lng ln hn, mt ng nng, ri xung hoc bm vo thn l, chy lng xung b x.Kh tng hp cng vi tro bay i qua ng chuyn vo thit b lm ngui SGC. Ti y, kh tng hp trao i nhit qua tng mng b lm mt kh tng hp v cc dn bc hi trung p v h nhit xung cn khong 3400C ti ca ra, i ti h thng lc tch tro bay HPHT.Tng mng l kh ha, ng chuyn, b lm mt kh tng hp v cc dn bc hi trung p l cc thit b trao i nhit. Nc nng trung p c cc bm tun hon bm t bao hi trung p V-1304 vo tng mng, cc dn bc hi trung p, trao i nhit nhm bo v v tng mng, v chu p, n nh nhit , lm mt kh tng hp, ng thi sn xut hi nc trung p. Hn hp nc, hi nc i ra c a ti bao hi. Trong bao hi, hi nc bo ha 5,3 MPag, 2690C c tch v a ti h thng hi nc.

IV THIT B QUN L TH TTN THIT BCC THNG S CHNHK HIUS LNG

1.B gia nhit oxy- Nhit dung: 2,4 MW- p sut thit k: 5.07 MPag- Nhit thit k: 2800C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngE 13091

2. B gim thanh- p sut thit k: 0,35 MPag- Nhit thit k: 2500C- Vt liu: Thp trngX 13041

3. B trao i nhit cho nc bo v u t- Nhit dung: 1,12 MW- p sut thit k: 6,67 MPag- Nhit thit k: 4500C- Vt liu: Thp CrMoE 13081

4.Thng m nc lm mt u t- Kch thc: 2600x3200 mm- Th tch: 10 m3- p sut thit k: 5,5 MPag- Nhit thit k: 2600C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngV - 13071

5.B lc nc cp bao hi- Loi: ng- Lu lng: 0,95 kg/s- p sut thit k: 8,3 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1600C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngS 13041

6.B lc nc tun hon- Loi: ng- Lu lng: 10,1 kg/s- p sut thit k: 6,67 MPag- Nhit thit k: 2600C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngS 13022

7.Bm nc lm mt u t- Lu lng: 50,76 m3/h- p sut thit k: 1,24 MPag- Cng sut: 46 KW- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngP- 13042

8.ng thi than bt- Lu lng: 0,45 kg/s- p sut thit k: 5,72 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trng 136LX - 13014

9.ng gim dng- Kch thc: 2000 mm- p sut thit k: 5,72 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbonX - 13114

10.B truyn p- Lu lng: 4,44 kg/s- p sut thit k: 5,72 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/SS136LX 13314

11.B truyn p- Lu lng: 4,44 kg/s- p sut thit k: 5,72 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/SS136LX - 13324

12.B truyn p- Lu lng: 4,44 kg/s- p sut thit k: 5,72 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/SS136LX - 13334

13.u t than- Lu lng (oxy): 3,72 m3/hA -13014

14.B lc hi nc dng ng 5m- p sut thit k: 6,1/FV MPag- Nhit thit k: 4500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/thp trngS 13034

15.B trn oxy hi nc- Lu lng: 4,76 kg/s- p sut thit k: 6,1 MPag- Nhit thit k: 4500C- Vt liu: Alloy 825X 13214

16.B gim thanh- Lu lng: kg/s- p sut thit k: 0,35 MPag- Nhit thit k: 4500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbonX 13084

17.u t chm la- Lu lng(LPG): 0,04 kg/s- Ti kh: 28,9 kW- Vt liu: M.PA 13031

18.B chn u t chm la-X 13061

19.B gim thanh- Lu lng: kg/s- p sut thit k: 0,35 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbonX 13071

20B gim thanh- Lu lng: kg/s- p sut thit k: 0,35 MPag- Nhit thit k: 1300C- Vt liu: Thp cacbonX 13091

21.Bm du diesel n u t khi ng- Lu lng: 1,44 kg/s- Chnh p: 4,4 MPag- Cng sut: 11 kW- Vt liu: Tng hpP 13061

22.Bm du diesel- Lu lng: 2,45 kg/s- Chnh p: 3,8 MPag- Cng sut: kW- Vt liu: P 13071

23.B lc du diesel- Din tch lc:- p sut thit k: 5,5 MPag- Nhit thit k: 500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon, thp trngS 13011

24.Thng cha du diesel- Kch thc: 2900x2900 mm- Th tch:18,7 m3- p sut thit k: 7,5 2,5 KPag- Nhit thit k: 500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon + v M.PT 13011

25.Bm du diesel- Lu lng: 1,76 kg/s- Chnh p: 0,9 MPag- Cng sut: kWP 13081

26.Bm x du diesel- Lu lng: 11,63 kg/s- Chnh p: 0,3 MPag- Cng sut: kWP 13091

27.Thng n nh p sut du diesel- p sut thit k: 5,5 MPag- Nhit thit k: 500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon V 13081

28.Thng n nh p sut du diesel- Th tch: MP- p sut thit k: 5,5 MPag- Nhit thit k: 500C- Vt liu: Thp cacbon/m.pV 13111

29.u t khi ng- Lu lng (du): 0,260,33 kg/sA 13021

30.B chn u t khi ng-X 13051

31.Bao hi trung p- Kch thc: 2500x12500 mm- Th tch: 67,8 m3- p sut thit k: 6,1/FV MPag- Nhit thit k: 2800C- Vt liu: V 13041

32.B gim thanh- Lu lng: 17,821 kg/s- p sut thit k: - Vt liu: X 13021

33.B gim thanh- Lu lng: 17,821 kg/s- p sut thit k: - Vt liu: X 13031

34.B bc hi trung p l kh ha- Nng sut: 7,54 MW- p sut thit k: 7,3 MPag- Nhit thit k: 4600C- Vt liu: 13CrMo45E 13201

35.B bc hi trung p ng thi kh dp- Nng sut: 7,35 MW- p sut thit k: 7,3 MPag- Nhit thit k: 3800C- Vt liu: 13CrMo45E 13011

36.B bc hi trung p ng chuyn- Nng sut: 3,73 MW- p sut thit k: 7,3 MPag- Nhit thit k: 3400C- Vt liu: 13CrMo45E 13021

37.Khoang chu p khu kh ha- Kch thc: 24520x4250 mm- Th tch: 115 m3- p sut thit k: 5,2 MPag- Nhit thit k: 3500C- Vt liu: V 13011

38.Khoang chu p khu lm mt kh tng hp- Kch thc: 3000x52520 mm- Th tch: 371 m3- p sut thit k: 5,2 MPag- Nhit thit k: 350/3800CV 13021

39.Khoang chu p khu ng chuyn- Kch thc: 2850x10640 mm- Th tch: 68 m3- p sut thit k: 5,2 MPag- Nhit thit k: 3500C- Vt liu: M.PV 13031

40.B bc hi trung p SGC- Nng sut: 37,62 MW- p sut thit k: 7,3 MPag- Nhit thit k: 360/3400C- Vt liu: 13CrMo45E 13035

41.Bm nc tun hon- Lu lng: 1176 m3/h- p sut y:- p sut chn khng:- Vt liu: P 13013

42.B lc bm nc tun hon- Lu lng: 1176 m3/h- Tt p (sch): 10 KPa - p sut thit k: 7,3 MPag- Nhit thit k:2800CS 13053

43.Bm phun ha cht cho nc cp bao hi-P 13052

44.Thng cha ha cht cho nc cp bao hi-T 13021

45.B trn ha cht cho nc cp bao hi-M 13011

46.B lm lnh mu hi nc -E 13261

47.B lm lnh mu nc tun hon-E 13271

48.B lm lnh mu nc tun hon lm mt u t-E 13231

49.B lm lnh mu nc cp bao hi trung p-E 13251

V CC CH TIU CNG NGH CN KHNG CHGi tr oThng sn vGi tr vn hnhGii hn thpGii hn cao

T-002Nhit oxy ra khi b gia nhit E-13090C180165240

P-008p sut oxy ra khi b gia nhit E-1309MPag4,524,41-

P-007Chnh p gia oxy ra khi E-1309 v l kh haMPag-0,2080,1-

F-001Lu lng nc lm mt u t ti b gia nhit E-1308Kg/s10,068,547-

L-002Mc nc ca thng m V-1307%-403015708095

P-011p sut trn nh thng m V-1307MPag4,974,945,09

P-013p sut trn nh thng m V-1307MPag4,975,22

T-006Nhit nc lm mt ra khi E-1308 ti u t0C210-225

T-007Nhit nc lm mt ra khi E-1308 ti u t0C210200225

T-008Nhit nc lm mt ra khi E-1308 ti u t0C210-240

P-019p sut hi nc qu nhit ti cc u t thanMPag4,52-4,75

D-101/201/301/401T trng than bt qua ng thi X-1301 A/B/C/DKg/m3395-450

F-101/201/301/401Lu lng than ti cc u t than A-1301 A/B/C/DKg/m34,3-5,35

F-102/202/302/402Lu lng N2 vn chuyn than ti cc ng thi X-1301 A/B/C/DKg/m30,0670,040-

F-109/209/309/409T l O2/C ti cc u t thanKL/KL0,90,81,31,4

P-101/201/301/401p sut dng than bt t X-1301 A/B/C/DMPag4,2-4,8

P-102/202/302/402p sut dng than bt t X-1301 A/B/C/D (gn u t)MPag4,2-4,3

S-101/201/301/401Vn tc dng than bt t X-1301 A/B/C/Dm/s7106,53,512

F-103A/203A/303A/403ALu lng oxy ti b trn oxy/hi nc X-1321A/B/C/DKg/s3,102,212,0973,904,090

F-104/204/304/404Lu lng hi nc qu nhit ti b lc S-1303Kg/s0,350,09-

F-105A/205A/305A/405ALu lng hi nc lm mt i ra t cc u t thanKg/s2,512,262,14-

F-106/206/306/406Lu lng N2cao p thi sch cc b trn X-1321A/B/CKg/s0,420,36-

T-109/209/309/409Nhit hi nc qu nhit ti b lc S-13030C269-284

T-110/210/310/410Nhit ca hn hp oxy/hi nc ti cc u t than0C203188285300

L-005Mc ca thng cha du T-1301%-258090

F-002ALu lng oxy ti u t khi ngKg/s0,880,810,790,940,96

F-003ALu lng du diesel ti u t khi ngKg/s0,260,330,280,270,33

F-104T l oxy/diesel ti u t khi ngKL/KL3,32,73,6

F-106Lu lng N2 thi sch ng diesel ti u t khi ngKg/s0,070,06-

F-107Lu lng N2 thi sch ng oxy ti u t khi ngKg/s0,960,87-

P-027p sut oxy ti u t khi ngMPag4,524,29-

P-031p sut oxy ti u t khi ngMPag4,524,38-

P-032p sut diesel ti u t khi ngMPag3,6673,59-

P-033p sut diesel ti u t khi ngMPag3,667-3,756

P-035p sut diesel ti u t khi ngMPag3,6673,49-

X-003AMt la V-1301%-1050

X-003BMt la V-1301%-1050

F-008T l lu lng kh dp vo l kh haKL/KL0,91,3--

Pd-065Chnh p gia l kh ha v ming xkPa--1824

Pd-066Chnh p gia l kh ha v phn nhkPa--24

P-068p sut l kh haMPag4,0-4,24,26

T-025Nhit khoang vnh khn 0C--335350








T-036 A/B/C/DNhit phn di v chu p0C--335



T-054 A/B/C/DNhit v chu p0C-220-

Td-054Chnh lch nhit gia v chu p v nc tun hon0C--75

T-056 ANhit v chu p (phn ng chuyn)0C-335

T-056 B/C/DNhit v chu p (phn ng chuyn)0C-220-

Td-056Chnh nhit gia phn mt trn v mt di v chu p ng chuyn 0C--50

T-057 ANhit v chu p (phn ng chuyn)0C-335

T-056 B/C/DNhit v chu p (phn ng chuyn)0C-220-

Td-057AChnh lch nhit gia ng chuyn v nc tun hon 0C--75

Td-057BChnh nhit gia phn mt trn v mt di v chu p ng chuyn 0C--50

T-058 ANhit v chu p V-13030C-335

T-058 B/C/DNhit v chu p V-13030C-220-

Td-058Chnh nhit gia phn mt trn v mt di v chu p V-1303 0C--75

T-059 A/B/C/DNhit v chu p V-13030C--335

F-010Lu lng N2 siu cao p thi ngc b thi tro bayKg/s0,46-0,50

T-018Nhit kh tng hp ti ca ra b lm mt0C340220365380

T-033 A/B/C/DNhit khoang vnh khn l kh ha phn lm mt kh tng hp0C--335




T-060 A/B/C/DNhit v chu p SGC phn trn b phn cch ly cc khoang vnh khan0C-220-

T-061 A/B/C/DNhit v chu p SGC0C--335

Td-061Chnh lch nhit gia v chu p SGC v nc tun hon0C--75

T-065 A/B/C/DNhit v chu p SGC0C--335

Td-065Chnh lch nhit gia v chu p SGC v nc tun hon0C--75

T-064Nhit kh tng hp ra khi b lm mt0C340268-

P-071p sut kh tng hp vo my nn kh dp K-1301MPag-1,00,8

P-074p sut kh tng hp ra my nn kh dp K-1301MPag4,04-4,40

T-020Nhit kh tng hp vo my nn kh dp0C200185215230

T-021Nhit kh tng hp ra my nn kh dp0C209-245

F-012Lu lng N2 siu cao p thi sch thnh ng dpKg/s0,015-0,02

Pd-062Chnh p gia N2 siu cao p v l kh haMPag4,053,44-

T-004Nhit N2 siu cao p thi ngc0C225220-

F-013Lu lng N2 cao p bt kn ti cc b gKg/s0,44-0,50

L-040Mc nc bao hi trung p V-1304%7359,548,681,189,2

P-040p sut bao hi V-1304MPag5,305,255,80

F-041Lu lng nc tun hon lm mt ti tng mngKg/s451,4417,5395,0-

Pd-042 A/B/CChnh p qua b lc nc tun hon S-1305 A/B/CkPa--20

F-140Lu lng nc qua b gia nhit oxy E-1309Kg/s6,06-6,97

16-Q-004Hm lng CO2 trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V2,70--

16-Q-005AHm lng H2 trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V19,06--

16-Q-005BHm lng CO trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V52,95--

16-Q-005CHm lng CO2 trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V2,70--

16-Q-005EHm lng N2 trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V10,72--

16-Q-005FHm lng Ar/O2 trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V0,06--

16-Q-005GHm lng COS trong kh tng hp sau ra tPpm339,32--

16-Q-005HHm lng H2S trong kh tng hp sau ra t% V0,21--

VI QUY TRNH THAO TC CNG V U-1300A CC THAO TC CHY MY V KHNG CH TRONG VN HNH BNH THNG kim tra m bo cc h thng kh ha hot ng ng, i hi phi c cc thao tc sau y t phng iu khin (tt c cc thao tc khc s c tho lun trong phn x l s c): 1. Kim tra cc iu kin kh ho thch hp v iu chnh thng qua cc b iu khin t l, nu cn. 2. Kim tra m bo cc u t than hot ng tt, bao gm c h thng nc lm mt (tempered water). 3. Kim tra m bo h thng hi nc l kh ho /b lm mt kh tng hp SGC vn hnh tt. 4. Kim tra m bo h thng dp v thi sch vn hnh tt. Cc thao tc bn ngoi c th cp n l thao tc kim tra:a) Hot ng ca b g (lin quan trc tip vi cc thao tc kim tra h thng thi sch t phng iu khin).b) H thng thi sch ng h o. c) Cht lng nc cp l hi tun hon v nc lm mt.d) Kim tra hnh dng x (lin quan trc tip vi cc thao tc kim tra iu kin kh ha t phng iu khin).1. Thao tc phng iu khiniu kin vn hnh l kh ha/ b lm mt kh tng hp SGC:V nguyn tc, iu kin vn hnh l kh ha/b lm mt kh tng hp SGC c iu chnh t ng bng logic khng ch t l (13QC-1300). Tuy nhin, trong thc t, khng phi lc no cng nh vy, do thc t l c tnh than (thnh phn hu c cng nh thnh phn khong) hu nh lun thay i nn c th lm cho im t lp trnh trc v im t mong mun khng khp nhau. t iu kin kh ho ti u, cn iu ha gia: 1. Mc chuyn ha chp nhn c (C trn tro v lng x mn l cc ch s r nht).2. chy lng x chp nhn c (nu qu thp th lm tng hnh thnh x cc; nu qu cao th lm tng cu cn trong b lm mt kh tng hp SGC). 3. Cht lng kh tng hp (ch yu l hm lng CO2)4. Ti nhit trn tng mng kh ho. 5. Mc tiu th oxy v hi nc (lin quan trc tip vi 1), 3) v 4)). Nh cp trn, phi thc hin iu chnh trn c s cc ch s hiu sut h thng l: Nhit ca ra kh ha Nhit ca vo b lm mt kh tng hp Nhit ca ra b lm mt kh tng hp Thnh phn kh tng hp (ch yu l hm lng CO2 v CH4) Lng hi nc sn xut t tng mng l kh ha ("hao tn nhit ") Tc to x v tro bay Hm lng carbon ca tro bay Hnh dng x hiu c mi quan h gia cc thng s ny v cch thc iu chnh, cn phi hiu cc yu t sau y:1. Tc ng ca t l O2/C i vi cc thng s trn. 2. Tc ng ca t l H2O/O2 i vi cc thng s trn.3. Tc ng ca ph ti l kh ho i vi cc thng s trn. 4. Tc ng ca thnh phn than v thnh phn tro than i vi cc thng s trn.

1.1. T l O2/C L thuyt:

Hnh trn a ra nhng tc ng d kin ni chung ca t l O2/C i vi nhit kh ha, mc chuyn ha, hm lng CO2 v CH4 cho mt loi than v t l H2O/O2 xc nh. V l thuyt, iu kin kh ha ti u (lng oxy tiu th thp nht lm chuyn ha ng lc hc cacbon hon ton) l im A m ti hm lng CO2 l thp nht. Trong thc t, lun lun vn hnh vi t l O2/C cao hn im B m bo chy lng ca hm lng khong trong than v t c chuyn ha hon ton cacbon (c th vn hnh gn gi tr ti thiu cho cc loi than hot tnh cao c im nng chy tro thp). Do , i vi hot ng bnh thng, khng ch CO2 m bo vn hnh n nh. Thc t: Trong thc t, t l O2/C c iu chnh: Thng thng: c iu chnh thng qua hm lng mong mun c lp trnh trc ca CO2 trong kh tng hp (ph thuc vo ph ti); cc s liu ny s do k s nghim thu/ chy my ca Shell cung cp, cng vi chng trnh cho php phng cng ngh chun b cc ng th cho loi than khc, phn no ph thuc vo d n. T l O2/C do ngi vn hnh iu chnh thng qua hm s K-1 (K-1 function) trn c s quan st. Nu cn: c iu chnh trc tip trong qu trnh khi ng (lun lun) hoc trong cc giai on c s c nghim trng (thng ch khi b phn tch CO2 v lu lng hi nc sinh ra t ngn l kh ha ca bao hi). Trong trng hp th nht, iu chnh bng cch chuyn HS-2 sang O2/C steering in v dng K-3 iu chnh (khi p dng trong qu trnh khi ng). Trong trng hp th hai, iu chnh bng cch chuyn HC-3 sang bng tay v trc tip in gi tr O2/C mong mun. C th tm thy mt s iu kin thit lp ban u cho im t trc tip ny trong bng khi ng.Tuy nhin, tt hn c l iu chnh gin tip thng qua lu lng hi nc sinh ra ti ngn l kh ha ca bao hi V-1304, do nhng thay i nhanh chng c th gy ra nhiu s c hn l x l s c.

T l O2/C tng s nhanh chng th hin:1. Hm lng CO2 trong kh tng hp tng.1. Lng hi nc to ra t tng mng l kh ha tng (do nhit kh ha tng).Sau mt khong thi gian tr, s thy: Nhit kh ha tng Tng lng x sng mu (shiny slag) (vi cc si x-threads)Nu ch c cc thay i nh (nn nh vy) th cc tc ng lin quan khc nh lng x sinh ra tng ln, x mn gim, hm lng C trn tro gim, v nhit ca ra/vo ca b lm mt kh tng hp tng l khng ng k (irrelevant).T l O2/C gim s th hin cc tc ng ngc li.

1.2. T l H2O/O2L thuyt v thc t:T l H2O/O2 i vo u t tng (thng qua 13HC-0020) m khng c s iu chnh v t l O2/C v/hoc im t CO2 mong mun s nhanh chng dn n:1. Lng hi sinh ra t tng mng l kh ha gim (do nhit l kh ha gim; qu trnh kh ha vi hi nc l qu trnh tiu th nng lng).1. T l H2/CO trong kh tng hp tng.1. C kh nng gim chuyn ha cacbon v tng x mn (khng phi lc no cng vy).Li khuyn: Nu khng thc s cn th khng thay i t l H2O/O2 trong qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng. L do duy nht xem xt thay i t l H2O/O2 l:1. Than thay i.1. Vn hnh mc ti thp trong thi gian ko di (ti u ha).1. Hnh thnh nhiu x mn (hin tng ny ph thuc vo loi than, khng th tnh trc c, nhng c th tc ng theo chiu hng tch cc bng cch dng t l H2O/O2 v t l O2/C cao hn, tc l vn hnh vi hiu sut tng th thp hn v hm lng CO2 trong kh tng hp cao hn).Gim t l H2O/O2 s c tc ng ngc li.

1.3. Ph ti xngL thuyt v thc t:Trong trng hp iu chnh khng ch CO2 - ph ti mong mun khng hot ng (HC-1 chuyn sang bng tay) hoc hot ng khng ng (loi than thay i), tng ph ti c th dn n: Sn lng kh tng hp tng. Nhit ti tng mng kh ha tng (nhit l kh ha tng). Hm lng CO2 trong kh tng hp tng. Mc chuyn ha (C trn tro; x mn) tng.i vi tt c cc iu kin, gi s bt u t trng thi vn hnh n nh, khng mong mun c nhng thay i ny v cn phi khc phc bng cch iu chnh ng th (nu HC-1 ch auto), b iu khin im t CO2 (nu HC-1 ch bng tay) hoc b iu khin t l O2/C (nu HS-2 ch O2/C-steering in (bt c yu t no trong cc yu t ny ang hot ng nh tho lun bn trn mc 1.1).1.4. c tnh ca than v/hoc tro:L thuyt v thc t:Trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, yu t ny khng quan trng lm. Tuy nhin, vi mt lng than ln, i hi phi c cht tr dung t nhit nng chy di 1450 oC hoc thp hn (tng ng vi nhit ca l kh ha l khong 1550-1650oC) m bo chy lng thch hp ca x. Trc khi thc hin kh ha mt loi than nht nh, b phn cng ngh phi thit lp lng tr dung cn dng.Hnh di th hin mt s tc ng tiu biu ca tr dung i vi chy lng ca x l hm s ca nhit m cc chng trnh nht ca x s xc nh. (Cc chng trnh ny do k s nghim thu/chy my ca Shell cung cp). Hnh a cho thy tc ng d kin ca tr dung i vi nhit nng chy tro (k c cc tc ng qu tr dung (over-fluxing). Hnh b cho thy nht d tnh ca x (khng c cc tc ng qu tr dung). Hnh b thng c dng xc nh nhit kh ha mong mun cng vi phm vi thch hp (im A+min gch cho shaded area). Hnh a c dng c tnh/ ti u ha yu cu tr dung cng nh kim tra im A (d tnh trong hu ht cc trng hp phi cao hn im nng chy khong 150o C. Cn bit rng qu tr dung tc l cho qu nhiu tr dung c th lm cho nht ca x tng ln (chng trnh khng tnh trc c), do cn phi kim tra thng tin v im nng chy tro). Lng cht tr dung qu nhiu c th gy nhng tc ng xu hn c lng cht tr dung t.

Cc ch s cng ngh chnh khc cn khng ch:1.5. Nhit ca ra l kh ha:Cn phi n nh (dao ng trong khong 25 oC), iu ny thng t ng t c.Nu khng th phi iu chnh:1. Thng qua gi tr K1 ca: gi tr CO2 chnh theo ph ti mong mun. 2. Nu khng hot ng, th thng qua: im t gi tr CO2 mong mun.3. Nu khng hot ng th thng qua: Gi tr K3 ca im t O2/C ratio steering.4. Nu khng hot ng th thng qua: trc tip thit lp t l O2/C.1.6. Nhit ca vo ca b lm mt kh tng hp hoc nhit kh dp TI-0019: Cn duy tr quanh mc 850 oC, ti a l 900oC (i khi thp hn, ty thuc vo than). iu ny thng t ng t c bng b iu khin t l kh dp/kh sn phm; ch khuyn khch iu chnh t l nu nhit vt qu mc do nhit kh ha tng mc mong mun hoc nu loi than c kh ha i hi dp ngui su hn. iu chnh t l dp c thc hin thng qua hm s K. Ch cho php iu chnh trong phm vi gii hn xc nh (thng l +30 % - 10 %).1.7. Nhit ca ra ca b lm mt kh tng hp TI-0018:Thay i mt cht theo ph ti v loi than. Nu thy c mc tng n nh, th c th xc nh hai nguyn nhn:1. Cc b g c s c (xem kim tra ti ch).2. Kh ha than c chiu hng ng cn cao hn. Trong trng hp ny, cn kim tra trng thi hot ng ca b qu nhit (xem x l s c - trouble shooting). Nu y thy c cng chiu hng th tng t s dp trnh t l ng cn qu cao ca ng dp, ng dn v (cc) b qu nhit.1.8. Thnh phn kh tng hp QI-0004:CO2 thng l mt gi tr input. Cc gi tr khc khng thch hp cho vn hnh l kh ha, nhng c th thch hp cho cc thit b pha sau.1.9. Sn lng hi nc sinh ra t tng mng l kh ha FI-0047:Hi nc sinh ra t tng mng l kh ha l mt ch s ca nhit kh ha v dy/ chy lng ca x. Nu nhit kh ha n nh v lng hi nc sinh ra c xu hng tng qu gi tr ti a mong mun th khuyn co gim nhit (h thp gi tr CO2 mong mun, tc l t l O2/C). Thao tc ny c th i hi phi iu chnh mt cht, do ti cng mt t l O2/C, lp x dy hn c th dn n nhit kh ha tng do gim hao tn nhit.1.10. Tc to x v tro bay:c dng kt hp vi cc s liu khc v dng phn on hin tng tc nghn, ch lin quan n nhng thay i t ngt hoc thay i ln. 1.11. Hm lng cacbon ca tro bay:Ch c dng lm ch s chuyn ha chung. Thng s ny khng sn c cho tng ngy vn hnh (c thi gian tr trong h thng v thi gian cn thit phn tch).1.12. Hnh dng x:Rt kh m t yu t ny v cn phi nghin cu t kinh nghim vn hnh vi nguyn liu than a i kh ha thc t; in hnh l:1. X kim hay x si th hin chy lng ca x qu cao (nhit kh ha hay lng tr dung qu cao),1. X cc nh th hin (xu hng) hnh thnh x cc. Trong hu ht cc trng hp (khng phi mi lc), hnh dng x ny th hin chy lng ca x qu thp (nhit kh ha hoc lng tr dung qu thp),1. X bi hoc x rt m: qu nhiu x mn, tc l nhit kh ha cho loi than (thnh phn hu c) ang dng qu thp. Cn ch (thng l phi ch sm) hin tng ny trong vng tun hon b x, hm lng rn cao vi tc thi cao.Lu : Trong mt s trng hp, nhit kh ha khng do thnh phn tro m do thnh phn hu c trong than quyt nh, khuyn co tng gi tr CO2 mong mun (+ t l H2O/O2), t gi cho nhit kh ha n nh, nhng lm tng t l kh dp/C (blast/C ratio). iu ny khin cho hiu sut nng lng thp hn, nhng lm tng chuyn ha. ng thi, nhit kh ha cao trn 1700 oC- cho cc loi than ny khng gy ra cc tc ng tiu cc.

2. Thao tc ti ch.Bn cnh cc thao tc ti ch tiu chun (thng l), cc thao tc kim tra thit b, v.v theo ti liu bn cung cp, cc thao tc c thc hin trong mi xng cng ngh trong qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng l:1. t nht mi ca kim tra mt ln v hnh dng x.2. Mi tun kim tra hai ln v tnh dn v pH QMI (Quality Measurement Instruments - ng h o cht lng) ca h thng hi nc.3. Hng thng kim tra cht lng nc lm mt u t (ly mu cng nh nh lng ha cht thng qua im ly mu: SC52-1300/1).4. Hng thng kim tra hot ng ca b g ( bit chi tit, xem ti liu bn bn).5. Np cho thng du v kim tra p sut thng hon xung (pulsation bladder pressure) (nu c yu cu),6. Sau mi ln ngng my i tu v hng thng kim tra/ iu chnh lu lng kh thi sch ng h o (nu khng c trang b cnh bo, ph thuc vo d n)Trong qu trnh nghim thu chy th, nhm nghim thu/chy th phi trin khai cc thao tc ny mt cch chi tit.B BO V CNG NGHPhn ln cc hot ng bo v c th c thc hin thng qua h thng DCS (v c hin th trong logic - tn hiu US), mt s hot ng bo v quan trng cn c thc hin (t nht l mt phn) thng qua mt logic an ton tuyt i (failsafe logic) (tn hiu UZ). l: 1. H thng ngng khn cp l kh ha (13UZ-0001).2. H thng ngng cp O2 cho l kh ho (13UZ-0002/0003). 3. H thng bo v b x (13UZ-0004); ch tc ng n hot ng ca l kh ha trong phm vi nht nh. 4. H thng O2 v nhin liu cho u t khi ng (13UZ-0005). 5. H thng gim st logic thi sch l kh ha (13UZ-0010). 6. H thng cp than v O2 cho u t than (13UZ-0011). Tt c cc tn hiu u vo quan trng v hot ng cn thit ca cc van trong h thng ny c gim st v thc hin thng qua logic an ton tuyt i (fail safe logic), hot ng ca mt s van khc t quan trng hn, v.v c khi to thng qua logic an ton tuyt i (fail safe logic), nhng c thc hin thng qua h thng DCS. iu ny c tm tt trong bng di y ( bit chi tit logic, cn tham kho kin t vn). Cn bit rng mt s logic c tnh phc tp hn nhiu so vi thng tin trong bng ny v d nh logic khi ng/dng mt s thit b no . Bng ny ch cung cp cc thng tin chnh. V s v chc nng Tn hiu vo Tn hiu ra

13UZ-0001/US-0001Bo v l kh ha13FZLL-010513FZLL-020513FZLL-030513FZLL-040513LZLLL-000213PZHHH-006813PZHH-006513GZL-000613TZHH-001813TZHH-002513TZHH-002613TZHH-002713TZHH-002913TZHH-003013TZHH-003113TZHH-003213LZLL-004013LZHH-004013FZLL-004113TZHH-0044< 2 bm tun hon l kh ha trong15PdZHHH-000230PZLL-000213UZ-000213UZ-000313UZ-000416UZ-000113XZ-000713XZ-0009L kh ha: khng c thi sch v khng c u t no hot ng (no burners in) (u t khi ng hoc u t than)13HZ-1300Thng qua ESD:Dng: - u t than (*) - u t khi ng (*) - u t chm la (*) - Cc h thng oxyReset: Tn hiu l kh ha c thi sch

(*) nu ang hot ng

Thng qua DCS:Khi ng: chng trnh thi sch l kh haChng trnh ngng cc h thng oxyChng trnh ngng u t than (*)Chng trnh ngng u t khi ng (*)Chng trnh ngng u t chm la (*)

(*) nu u t cha ngngReset:13QC-130016PC-000816TC-0010Thm vo , s xut hin (hay khng xut hin) tn hiu l kh ha sn sng ny c dng cho mt s chc nng (functions) khc. Ch c th hiu c cc chc nng ny bng cch tm hiu logic chi tit.

13UZ-0002/US-000213UZ-0001Bo v h thng O2 cho u t than

13UZ-000113PdZLL-0007

Thng qua ESD:Dng: u t than13UZ-0001 (*)Thng qua DCS:ng: 13XV-000413XV-000513TV-000213XV-0001 (*)13XV-0002 (*)M: 13XV-0118 13XV-0128 13XV-0138 13XV-0148Bt u: Chng trnh ngng h thng oxy (*)(*) nu u t khi ng khng hot ng

13UZ-0003/US-000313UZ-0001Bo v h thng O2 cho u t khi ng

13UZ-000113PZL-0027

Thng qua ESD:Dng: 13UZ-0001 (*)Thng qua DCS:Bt u: chng trnh ngng h thng oxy (*)(*) nu t nht mt u t than khng hot ng

13UZ-0004 Bo v h thng x14LZLL-000114LZHH-000114TZHH-000114TZHH-000714FZLL-0002(sau 30 pht)Thng qua ESD:Dng: 13UZ-0001Lu :Trong h thng x, cc thao tc b sung din ra thng qua:14UZ/US-1400

13UZ-0005/US-0005Bo v u t khi ng13UZ-000113XZL-000313FZLL-000313PZL-003213FZLL-000513GZH-0061 khng xut hin13PZL-002713FZHH-000213FZLL-000213FFZH-000413FFZL-000413PZL-003513PZL-002713XV-0022/0023/0024Khng cn m;Sau khi c m (pht hin thng qua cng tc gii hn - Limit switches) Thng qua ESD:ng: 13XV-002413XV-002213XV-0023Dng: 13UZ-0001 (*)(*): nu t nht mt u t than khng hot ngThng qua DCS:M: 13XV-0025 13XV-0026 13XV-0027ng: 13XV-000313FV-0003Reset: 13FC-0003 Bt u: Chng trnh ngng u t khi ng

13UZ-0006/US-0006Bo v u t chm la13UZ-000113PZL-002013PZL-002113XSH-0001 khng xut hin13XV-0011/0012/0017Khng cn m;Sau khi c m (pht hin thng qua cng tc gii hn - Limit switches) Thng qua ESD:ng: 13XV-0011 13XV-0012Thng qua DCS:ng: 13XV-0015 13XV-0016 13XV-0017M: 13XV-0013 13XV-0014 Dng thit b chm la (ignitor)Bt u: chng trnh ngng u t chm la

13US-0007Bo v my nn kh dp13FFSLL-0015 (bo v xung-surge protection)13PSL-007113XV-0035 khng m13XV-0036 khng m13XS-0007 (*)13XS-0009 (*)13SSLL-0003(*) represent resp.: bo v my nn v b iu khin tc (do bn bn cung cp; k thut chi tit D.E.)Dng: K-1301ng: 13FV-0008 13FV-0011 (vi thi gian tr) 13XV-0035 (*) 13XV-0036 (*)(*) ch nu c khi to do li bt kn my nn. M: 13XV-0038

13US-0008Bo v chy khng ti bm nc lm mt13LSLLLL-0002Dng: P-1304A P-1304B

13US-0009Bo v trn V-1307 13LSHHH-0002ng: 13XV-0010 13XV-0009 13XV-0011

13UZ-0010/US-0010Logic khng ch thi sch l kh haCc bc thi sch, v tr van, v p sut l kh ha (15PZH/PZL-0068) c khng chKhng c chc nng dng tht; tuy nhin, logic s khng cho l kh ha khi ng li nu chng trnh thi sch l kh ha cha c thc hin ng (input vo 13UZ-0001).

13UZ-0011/US-0011Bo v u t than s 113UZ-000113UZ-000212LZLL-010413LZL-010313SZL-010213PdZLL-012213PdZLL-000713FZHH-010313FZLL-010313FZHH-010913PdZL-012713PdZL-013313XV-0117 khng cn ng, sau khi c ng, hoc13XV-0108/0110 hoc13XV-0116/0120 khng cn m, sau khi c m (kim tra thng qua cc cng tc gii hn-limit switches) Trc khi khi ng: th r i vi cc van cp oxy; thng qua v tr cc van, cc bc th r v p sut trong h thng chn kp v trch thi (double block and bleed)Thng qua ESD:ng:13XV-0108 13XV-0110 13XV-0116 13XV-0117, nu vn ang mThng qua DCS:Bt u: chng trnh dng u t s 1Lc khi ng (thng qua DCS):Khng cho u t chy (bc vo chng trnh khi ng) nu cha hon tt th r i vi cc van cp oxy.

13UZ-0012/US-0012Bo v u t than s 2 Tng t nh u t s 1Tng t nh u t s 1

13UZ-0013/US-0013Bo v u t than s 3Tng t nh u t s 1Tng t nh u t s 1

13UZ-0014/US-0014Bo v u t than s 4Tng t nh u t s 1Tng t nh u t s 1

13US-0019Bo v dng ngc13PdSL-0063ng: 13XV-0037

13US-0020Bo v dng ngc13PdSL-0010ng: 13XV-0010 13PV-0011A

13US-0021Bo v dng ngc v qu nhit (hi nc n u t s 1)13PSL-001913PdSLL-013113TSH-0111ng: 13XV-0123 13XV-0124 13FV-0104

13US-0022Bo v dng ngc v qu nhitTng t nh u t s 1Tng t nh u t s 1



13US-0029Bo v qu nhit 13TSH-0008ng: 13XV-0007

13US-0031Bo v trn13LSHH-0005ng: 13XV-0032

13US-0032Bo v qu p13PSH-0013M: 13PV-0011B

13US-0033Bo v dng ngc13PdSL-0036ng: 13XV-0025 13XV-0026

13US-0034Bo v qu nhit 13TSH-0005ng: 13TV-0002

C CC S C THNG GP BIN PHP X L1. Cc s c c th xy ra Trong h thng kh ha c th xy ra cc s c in hnh sau y. Tt nhin, nu thc hin ng quy trnh vn hnh v ch cn thn th s hn ch xy ra cc s c ny, nhng khng bao gi c th loi tr hon ton nguy c xy ra.1.1. Trong thi gian khi ng Li ca u t khi ng hoc thit b chm la (phn cng/ nh la). Th r van O2 cho u t than: khng t. Li chm la cho u t than.1.2. Trong khi vn hnh My nn kh dp dng. ng cn/tc nghn ng dp/ b lm mt kh tng hp. Tc np x (slagtap). Hnh thnh x cc. Lng hi nc sn sinh ra t l kh ho qu nhiu. Li u t than. ng cn trong cc thit b np kh trong ng cp/ cc cn ca thng cp than. Li bm tun hon (lm mt l kh ho/ u t). Li ng h o.

2.Cc bin php x l2.1. Li u t khi ng/chm laSau khi iu chnh chnh xc trong qu trnh nghim thu chy th, nguyn nhn gy li u t khi ng hoc u t chm la hu nh ch c th l do li ca thit b nh la/ b pht hin la (13XI-0001) i vi u t chm la v cc l phun m phun b mi mn qu mc i vi u t khi ng.Thao tc khc phc duy nht l bo tr phng nga (hoc thay th nu xy ra). i vi cc li u t chm la (k c mt la), khuyn co thay th (khng c thng tin chnh xc v tui th). i vi u t khi ng, khuyn co bo tr phng nga cho u phun (head): thay th u phun sau 20 ln khi ng hoc 100 gi vn hnh (mt trong hai iu kin n trc).i vi u t khi ng, cn mt vn na khng c php xem nh. l li thi sch ming phun mt la (flame eye nozzles) (sau hn hai gi vn hnh u t than) hu nh lun gy ra li nh la.Khc phc: tun th cc quy trnh vn hnh.2.2. Th r van O2 u t than "khng t" y l li kh chu nht trong qu trnh khi ng, do trong hu ht cc trng hp, i hi phi i tu/ thay th cc van cch ly ng oxy u t than, gy tn nhiu thi gian trong khi tt c cc h thng sn sng chy my. Bn cnh vic la chn loi van thch hp, c hai thao tc vn hnh c th trnh xy ra li ny, l:1. nh k ghi chp p sut/s ln gp s c (pressures/times encountered) trong qu trnh tin hnh th r. Nhng ghi chp ny cung cp ch s r r thc t v cho thy ch r r l khng i hay tng ln, t cho php thc hin i tu van mt cch thch hp.2. Thit lp "khng t" ti khong 50 - 70% gi tr gii hn thc t, t cho php (tm thi) m rng bin n gi tr gii hn thc t. iu ny li gip a ra cnh bo sm hin tng r r van ngy cng tng v do cho php thc hin i tu van mt cch hp l.2.3. Li chm la u t thanLi ny ch c mt nguyn nhn duy nht: Mt trong cc van quan trng khng m c (trong khung thi gian cho php).Nu s c ny xy ra, >90% trng hp l li van ba ng 13XV-0108 (cho u t than s 1) trong ng cp than v xy ra do li ca b phn bo n lm tng nhit chnh lch gia thn van v bi trong giai on tun hon than, v t gy ra ma st qu ln.i vi tt c cc trng hp, gii php duy nht l sa cha b phn bo n.2.4. My nn kh dp dngMy nn kh dp dng trong vi giy thng qua logic bo v l kh ha 13UZ-0001 lm dng l kh ha v i hi phi thc hin/ khi ng quy trnh ngng my bnh thng v khi ng li sau khi thit lp v x l nguyn nhn gy ra s c.Trong hu ht cc trng hp, nguyn nhn gy ra s c c lin quan n ng h o (hoc iu khin), nhng c th lin quan n thit b (c bit l vn bt kn). Cho ti nay, nguyn nhn cng ngh duy nht tng xy ra trong cc xng kh ha than Shell l b lc nhit cao p sut cao trong cc h thng tro b li hon ton, dn n lng cn tro v t lm tng hin tng rung my.2.5. ng cn/tc nghn ng dp/b lm mt kh tng hpNu s c ny xy ra, trong khi h thng thi sch vn hot ng ng th nguyn nhn ch yu l iu kin vn hnh i vi loi than ang c kh ha khng thch hp. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, c th trnh c iu ny nhng cn phi c thng tin kp thi v s thay i c tnh than, ch yu lin quan n nhit bm dnh tro (lin quan n nhit nng chy tro, bin dng ban u, v.v...).Ngi vn hnh c mt s tiu ch nh gi kh nng xy ra ng cn/tc nghn ng dp/ b lm mt kh tng hp. Cc tiu ch l:1. Thng tin than/tro lin quan n d liu vn hnh kh ha/lm mt kh tng hp.C th ni mt cch n gin l nhn chung, hm lng tro >8% v nhit dp 250 oC (mt trong hai iu kin tri hn) s lm gim ng cn (v tc nghn).ng cn s bt u trong ng dp, tip l ti ng dn v cui cng l trong b lm mt kh tng hp (ti y, ng cn c th dn n tc nghn ca vo ca b ng u tin).2. Truyn nhit trong ng dp, ng dn v b lm mt kh tng hpC th ni mt cch n gin l:i) Hin tng ng cn nghim trng ca vo ca ng dp s lm tng truyn nhit trong ng dp so vi ng dn v b lm mt kh tng hp. iu ny th hin mc tng t l truyn nhit ng dp trn ng dn (t trng hi nc trong hn hp nc/hi nc ri khi ng dp gim) v th hin bng 13XX-9004 (Lu : nu thy tng mc st p trn ca vo ng dp - 13PdI-0066 th hin tng ng cn din tin n mc khng th trnh khi phi ngng xng my).ii) Hin tng ng cn ni chung ng dp v ng dn cui cng s dn n tc nghn ca vo b lm mt kh tng hp (nu nhn thy hin tng tc nghn ny bng mt mc tng trong 13PdI-0067/0077 th khng th trnh khi phi ngng xng my). Hin tng ny ban u th hin hiu sut truyn nhit trong ng dp v ng dn gim; th hin bng 13XX-9002 v 13XX-9003 v cui cng th hin nhit ca ra b lm mt kh tng hp 13TI-0018 tng. iii) Hin tng ng cn ni chung b lm mt kh tng hp s dn n mc tng chm v lin tc nhit ca ra ca b lm mt kh tng hp 13TI-0018 m khng c tc ng gim hiu sut truyn nhit ng k trong ng dp v ng dn.Nu nhn thy i) hoc ii), th cn tng t l kh dp 13FFI-0008. Thao tc ny gn nh lun gii quyt c s c v thm ch cn gip loi b lp cu cn b mt hnh thnh (thng khng phi lp cu cn gy ra tc ng truyn kh, c bit l ca vo ca b lm mt kh tng hp). Nu nhn thy iii), khuyn co thc hin thao tc tng t nh trong hai trng hp u, nhng trong trng hp ny, cng cn kim tra hot ng ca b g v mt thao tc cui cng nhng khng km phn quan trng l cn kim tra c tnh tro than (t l b sung tr dung, nu c) lin quan n nhit kh ha (Lu : cui cng, yu cu phi gim nhit kh ha v chp nhn hiu sut chuyn ha cacbon thp hn mt cht; iu ny c th yu cu cho cc loi than c im nng chy tro rt thp).2.6. Tc nghn np x (slagtap)Tc nghn np x lun l do nht ca tro/ x qu thp. Hin tng ny rt him khi xy ra, trong hu ht cc trng hp xy ra, nguyn nhn duy nht l do s c nghim trng trong hot ng ca l kh ha, nhng cng rt kh pht hin kp thi (Cui cng, tc x x s gim v 13PdIZ-0065 s dng xng my, yu cu dng v lm mt, i vo trong v dng phng php c hc tho g im tc trc khi c th khi ng li).Cc ch s th hin r nht cc s c c kh nng xy ra l:1. 13PdI-0065 c hin th khng n nh trong qu trnh kt ni li b tho x ti thng gom x.1. Nhit thng l kh ha rt thp (so vi bnh thng - in relation to normal;) ph thuc vo loi than nhn chung, vi cc c tnh tro nh nhau, than c hm lng tro cao s c nhit thng thp hn so vi than c hm lng tro thp).Nu nghi ng, bin php tt nht l tng nhit vn hnh (dn dn). Cn iu chnh dn dn v np x (slagtap) vn hnh bin cng sut ca n chc chn s b tc nu lu lng x tng t ngt.Trong khung thi gian di hn mt cht (iu chnh tc thi khng c tc dng do than bt chng li trong h thng nghin sy than v cp than), cn xem xt iu chnh t l tr dung. Tr khi ang dng t l hon ton sai, khuyn co thc hin cc bc vi mc tng tng i nh v cn phi nh gi nh hng ca s thay i trc khi thc hin iu chnh ln th hai.2.7. Hnh thnh x cc Ging nh hin tng tc nghn np x, x cc hnh thnh hu nh lun l do s c vn hnh. Trong trng hp ny, cc s c c th l nh hn so vi trong trng hp gy tc nghn, tuy nhin tng/gim ph ti kh ho qu nhanh c th l iu kin gy ra cc s c ny. S c lp li thng xuyn trong qu trnh vn hnh n nh lin quan n cc vn khc c th thng c x l bng cch iu chnh iu kin vn hnh l kh ha (gim t nht x trung bnh bng cch tng nhit vn hnh hoc tng tr dung nu c th). bit hin tng ny c xy ra hay khng, tt nht c th nh gi t: Hnh dng x sinh ra Cng dng in ca my nghin x (hin th nhiu noisy behavior th hin hot ng nghin x)X cc c nh th khng c vn g v d dng nghin thnh cc ht nh bng my nghin x c lp t. Tuy nhin, nu chng xut hin lin tc th tc l c xu hng hnh thnh x cc vi nguy c khng trnh khi l s nh k xut hin cc x c ln c kh nng gy qu ti my nghin. Do , cn phi iu chnh cc iu kin vn hnh, nh ch ra trn.Lu : Ty thuc vo thit k ca my nghin, c th c cc la chn sau y: ng gn; ch s dng ng gn ny nu:Hoc l: My nghin c s c bn ngoi (cho php sa cha m khng phi ngng xng my, trong khi c nguy c tc nghn u phun (nozzle) ca ra ca thng tch ly. Hoc l: than ang c x l khng c xu hng hnh thnh x cc (gim mi mn my nghin) Ln ngc li (roll-back); loi b cc cc x gy qu ti m t. La chn ny c th rt hiu qu i vi trng hp mt cc x ln.2.8. Hi sinh ra trong l kh ha qu nhiuHi nc sinh ra trong l kh ho qu nhiu (13FI-0047) l iu khng mong mun, v n th hin lp x bo v trn tng l kh ha rt mng. Hin tng ny c th do (tr giai on khi ng ban u, hoc khi ng sau khi cy li inh ru, khi x cha hnh thnh trn tng l phn ng): nht x qu thp (nhit kh ho khng ng), Ph ti x qu thp (hm lng tro trong than qu thp), Nhiu kh nng nht l kt hp c hai nguyn nhn trn.Cc thao tc x l thch hp: Tng tun hon tro bay t hm lng tro ti thiu trong dng cp u t vo khong8 10% (iu ny ch pht huy tc dng sau vi gi do thi gian than bt chng li) Gim cng sut kh ha (gasification severity) tng nht ca x trong phm vi c th (hnh thnh x cc).Lu :Thao tc u tin, s b l tng t l H2O/O2 c th s rt hiu qu.

2.9. Dng/li u t thanTr trng hp do nc lm mt b r r nghim trng (trong trng hp ny, khng ch u t m ton b b phn kh ha s dng), dng u t s khng lm dng l kh ha v cn phi khi ng li u t sau khi x l s c lm dng u t.Dng u t thng l do: Bin ng lu lng than Li ng h o Bin ng lu lng than c th l s c thc hoc l lin quan n ng h o. Nu l thc, kh nng ln nht l tc ng cp than quanh van iu tit lu lng than.Nu tc nghn ti van iu tit than hoc pha sau van ny, c th x l bng cch m (bng tay) van ng tun hon (van 13XV-0113 cho u t s 1) ti silo v tho g im tc bng cch g vi ln vo van iu tit lu lng (ch mt thi gian tng p sut gia mi ln g).Nu tc nghn pha trc van iu tit, c th x l bng cch thi ngc tr li thng cp cao p (iu ny i hi phi u tin vn hnh van cho php iu khin - permit controlled valve operational override, tc l van 13XV-0107 (cho u t s 1) c th thng c vn hnh t bng iu khin - panel). Trong trng hp ny, cn tng p ng ng, m hon ton van iu tit lu lng than, ng tt c cc van pha sau v m van ti thng cp cao p (c th phi lp li vi ln).Li ng h o ch c th x l bng cch sa cha ng h o. i khi c th x l tm thi bng cch m phng (lun lun thng qua giy php v ph hp vi nguyn tc ca d n/ xng lin quan n m phng). (always via permit and in-line with project/plant philosophy regarding simulations) cc tn hiu sai (defect signal), tc l b nhit , p sut cho tn hiu lu lng oxy, b p cho tn hiu lu lng than (iu ny s dn n chch hng vn hnh trong phm vi nh, chp nhn c ca mt u t so vi cc u t khc. H thng iu khin s thc hin iu chnh m bo ton h thng c cc iu kin vn hnh ng).Mt li c bit l tn hiu khng tng quan t cm bin vn tc than. Thng thng, c th x l c li ny bng cch iu chnh (theo hng dn ca nh cung cp) nhy ca cm bin hoc chuyn sang cm bin thay th (ng o lng c cha nhiu cm bin, trong c mt cp cm bin th hin tng quan khc bit nht thng c dng cho iu khin). Tuy nhin, cn bit rng li ny c th i hi phi iu chnh li thit b o trong ch tun hon than.2.10. ng cn trong thit b np kh ng cp than/cn np kh thng cp.C th xy ra ng cn than do tm thi mt ni t hoc ng cn bi trong cc ng ni t. Nu xy ra ng cn, gii php duy nht l thay th cc thit b. Cc tn hiu sau y cho thy xut hin ng cn:1. Cn np kh: cnh bo l 12PdC-0121, vi 12PdC-0221 tng ng (respectively 12PdC-0221) nm quyn khng ch lu lng ni t ti cc cn np kh ch khng phi 12FIC-0121/0221. 1. B iu khin lu lng ni t cho thit b vn chuyn than (13X-1301A cho u t s 1) vn hnh vi van m >90% trong cc iu kin vn hnh khc vi iu kin vn hnh bnh thng.C th thc hin cc thao tc sau y duy tr hot ng cho n lc ngng my tip theo theo k hoch t ra:- Thao tc chnh l thay th cn np kh v yu cu phi dng ton b xng my. hon iu ny, c th b sung ni t nu cn t c vn tc/ t trng lu lng than mong mun bng cch m (giy php) ng gn trn van iu tit 12FV-0102 (cho u t s 1) ti thit b vn chuyn than X-1301A.- Trong qu trnh vn hnh, c th thc hin thay th thit b vn chuyn than khi vn hnh ti mc cng sut gim vi hai u t than thuc cp khng b nh hng. Thay th i hi phi c giy php. Cn chun b k cng cho qu trnh thay th thc trc khi cp u t ngng chy hn ch thi gian vn hnh hai u t. Trong thi gian chun b, c th yu cu phi vn hnh vi cng sut gim (trn bn u t) m bo vn hnh n nh cho u t b nh hng (mt la chn khc l gim mt phn cng sut ca u t b nh hng, lch cng sut xut l 250oC).1. Lm mt vi tc ti a 50C/gi. thc hin iu ny, cn phi nghim thu chy th cc h thng tun hon v cn lp t cc cp nhit in (tm thi) trn pha mt nng ca lp chu la. Phi ng tt c cc ca ngi ngoi tr ca ngi bung i chiu kh (trn , cn lp t ng khi) v cn bt ca vo b lm mt kh tng hp ( trnh nc bc hi i vo b lm mt kh tng hp).Nhm nghim thu/chy my phi trin khai/chun b chi tit cc bc v cc bin php an ton phng nga (vi kin t vn ca cc cng ty chuyn gia/nh cung cp thit b/gch chu la thc hin cng vic ny).4. Thao tc th nghimCc thao tc th nghim chnh lin quan n th nghim i vi cc logic chui/dng khc nhau (bao gm cc b truyn pht/ci t, khng tho lun cc yu t ny) hoc lin quan n th r (l thao tc nghim thu chy th cui cng). Thm vo , cn phi chm la thc s cho u t chm la v u t khi ng v phi chm la cho t nht mt trong cc u t than, dng ni t lm kh thi v dng than ch ti tun hon.4.1. Th rCn thc hin th r ngay sau khi hon tt tt c cc thao tc ni b trn l kh ha/ b lm mt kh tng hp v cc h thng khc. V nguyn tc, y l thao tc u tin phi thc hin (ngoi tr th nghim ti tun hon than).Khng phi ch gii hn th r trong phm vi khu vc kh ha, m cn thc hin th nghim ny trn ton b ng kh tng hp, tc l t kh ha n ra t. Trong qu trnh th r, phi cp y nc cho b x v khu vc ra t (khng yu cu tun hon).Quy trnh th r s mt nhiu thi gian do cn phi kim tra kh nhiu mt bch kt ni (do th nghim st p (pressure decay) s khng c kt qu bi trong h thng c nhiu van khng ng cht).Cn phi thc hin th r (x phng) trong iu kin lnh cho tt c cc mt bch kt ni. C th thc hin tng p bng cch phun ni t vo.Lu : i vi cc mc p sut thp ban u, c th xem xt dng kh cng nghip thng qua vng np kh ca l kh ha thng qua cc ng thi sch u t. Khuyn co thc hin th nghim ban u ti p sut 0,1; 0,2; 1 v 2,5 MPag v ti p sut lm vic bnh thng ti a. vn cht cc mt bch i hi phi x p, iu ny cn thc hin thng qua van ng gn bng tay quanh 16XV-0003/0004 x p ra ngoi mi trng. Sau khi hon thnh thnh cng th nghim cui cng, c th x p thng qua ng b uc sau b phn ra t. Sau , b phn ny s t ng thc hin tr ha vi phun b uc (flare header).C th thc hin n nhit/bo n tt c cc mt bch nh (

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