]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ At m-kn-tb-j≥ · 2 AN OSSAE PUBLICATION Sunday School Padavali-X1 First Edition April 2012 Second Edition December 2013 Copies 6,000

1

]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvkndn-b≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ

At m-kn-tb-j≥

Xmt_m¿ hn`mKw]mTm-hen ]Xn-s\m∂v

tijvTm-\p-a-Xn-tbmsS ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv

k¨tU-kvIqƒ tIµ HmôkvtZh-tem-Iw, tIm -bw- 38

t^m¨: 2572890

2

AN OSSAE PUBLICATIONSunday School Padavali-X1

First Edition April 2012Second Edition December 2013

Copies 6,000

Price 60.00

3

]th-inI

hnZym`ymkw kwip-≤hpw hnP-b-I-c-hp-amb Pohn-X-Øn\v Cfw-

X-e-apdsb ]cn-io-en-∏n®v Xøm-dm-°p∂ XpS¿]-In-bbpw `mhn-bn-te-°p≈

kaq-l-\∑-bpsS \nt£-]-hp-am-Wv. hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ A\-¥-km-≤y-X-Iƒ

aX-ßfpw cmjvS-ßfpw ]XybimkvXßƒt]mepw ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v.

InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ""InkvXob hnZym-`ymkw'' F∂Xv k`-bpsS

Hcp ministry (ip-iq-j) Bbn-´mWv ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

ùXnI hnZym-`ymkw C∂v Gsd ]cn-h¿Ø-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v F∂p

amX-a-√, hnZym- ym-k-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ XmXzn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-ßƒ, D≈-S-°w, t_m[\-

co-Xn-Iƒ, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS hnim-e-]-¶m-fn-Øw, aqey-\n¿Æ-b-co-Xn-Iƒ, ASn-

ÿm-\-hn-Zym-`ymkw F∂n-h-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kth-j-W-ßfpw ]co-£-W-

ßfpw \S-∂p-sIm-≠p-an-cn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Imem-Im-e-ß-

fn¬ Cu cwKØv ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv.

k¨tU-kvIqƒ Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ ""Pohn-X-hn-Zym- ymkw'' uXn-I-hnZym-

`ym-k-k-º-Zm-b-ß-fpsS X\n-∏-I¿∏-√. AXn\v X\-Xmb Dt±-iy-e-£y-ßfpw

Z¿i-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ B[p-\nI t_m[-\-im-kvX-Ønse kzoIm-cy-

amb Nne kt¶-X-ß-ƒ k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]T-\-]-≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-s®-Sp-°p-

∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√; F∂m¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Z¿i-\-ßƒ hnkvar-X-am-Im-Xn-

cn-°m≥ PmK-X-th-W-sa-∂p-am-Xw.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]mTy-

]-≤Xn kºq¿Æ-ambn Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øn¬

ic-W-s∏-´p-sIm≠v [oc-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-ØXv ipt`m-Z¿°-am-Wv.

CuZriy kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ Xmev]-cyhpw Ah-Km-l-hp-ap-≈-h-cpsS Hcp kwLw,

XpS¿®-bmb ]T-\hpw kwhm-Zhpw kwtim-[-\bpw \S-Øn-s°m-≠mWv

Hmtcm ]mThpw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. A[ym-]-I¿°v am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-

∂-Xn\v ]tXyI kwhn-[m-\-hp-ap-≠v. ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Ønepw

Cw•ojnepw kam-\-ambn Xøm-dm-°p-I-bm-Wv. hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ Cu ]mTy-

]-≤-Xn-bpsS LS\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n, ]mtZ-in-Ihpw ]k-‡-hpw mjm]c-

hp-ambn A\n-hm-cy-amb hyXym-k-ß-tfmsS CXv \S-∏n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ ASn-ÿm-\-ßfpw s]mXp-L-S-I-ßfpw am‰m≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. k`-

sbbpw tbip-hns‚ Acp-a-I-fmb Ip™p-ß-sfbpw kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿ Cu

kZp-t±-isØ kl¿jw kzmKXw sNøpw F∂ ]Xym-i-tbmsS Cu DZy-

asØ ]cn-ip≤ k`-bv°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

tUm. bmt°m_v am¿ sFtd-\n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm

]kn-U‚ v, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b≥

k¨tU-kvIqƒ At m-kn-tb-j≥

4

Icn-°pew dnhn-j≥ IΩn‰n

A`n-. tUm. bmt°m_v am¿ sFtd-\n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm

^m. tUm. H. tXmakv

^m. sI.-hn. tXmakv

^m. tUm. dPn amXyp

^m. sI.-hn. Gen-bmkv

s]m^. tUm. kmw hn. Um\n-tb¬

s]m^. sNdn-bm≥ tXmakv

s]m^. tUm. Pn_n tPm¿Pv

io kt¥mjv t__n F.-sI.

ankv A∂Ω ^nen-t∏mkv

tUm. sF∏v hdp-Kokv

5

BapJw

AXn-thKw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ime-L- -Øn-em-Wt√m \mw

Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu am‰-ßƒ hf-sc-tbsd ]Xn-^-en-°p∂ H∂m-Wv.

hnZym-`ym-k-ta-J-e. sk°p-e¿ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-emWv Ht´sd ]cn-jvI-

c-W-ßƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv. Ipń-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ ]cn-N-bn-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc

kzm[o-\n-°p-∂Xpw hnZym-`ym-k-am-W-t√m. AXn-\m¬ k¨tU-kvIq-

fns‚ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw Ah-cpsS ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\p kam-\-ambn

Xo¿∂ns√¶n¬ ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Xmev]cyw Ipd-bpw. Cu bmYm¿∞yw

ap∂n¬°-≠mWv kºq¿Æ-amb Hcp ]cn-jvIm-c-Øn\v \mw Ct∏mƒ

apXn¿∂-Xv.

sk°p-e¿coXn ]cn-N-bn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p amXw \ΩpsS Ipń-

Iƒ ssZh-kz- m-h-ap-≈-h-cm-I-W-sa∂v A¿∞-an-√. AhnsS InkvXphpw

injy-∑mcpw XΩn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ Kpcp-˛-injy kvt\l-_-‘-

amWv ASn-ÿm-\-]-am-W-am-tI-≠-Xv. B ]amWw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v

hnj-b-ßƒ Ipń-I-fn-te°p kwth-Zn-°p-hm≥ CXnse Ah-X-cW

coXn A≤ym-]-I¿°pw Ipń-Iƒ°pw Hcp-t]mse klm-b-I-am-Ipw.

]kn-U‚ v Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£-\mb Hcp kne-_kv ]cn-jvI-

cW IΩn-‰n-bpsS Aim-¥-]-cn-i-a-Øns‚ ê-amWv ]Xn-s\m∂mw

¢m n-te-°p≈ Cu ]mT]pkvXIw. CXnse hnhn[ bqWn-‰pIƒ

Fgp-Xn-bhcpsS tkh\w \nkvXp-e-am-Wv. IqSmsX F√m IΩn‰nbwK-

ßfpw hninjym ]ÿm\w ]knU‚ v A`n-hµy sFtd-\n-bkv

Xncpta\nbpw FIvkn-Iyq-ńhv FUn-‰¿ kmw hn Um\n-b¬ kmdpw

tN¿∂m-Wv CXns\ kºq¿Æ-am-°n-b-Xv. F¶nepw Ipd-hp-Iƒ

It≠°mw. AXp Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®m¬, ASpØ FUn-j-\p-I-fn¬ AXp

Xncp-Øp-∂-XmWv.

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤y-b-\-cw-KØv Bflob Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Hcp

]pXp-bpKw ]nd-°p-hm≥ ]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤Xn klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo-cs´

F∂v ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠v, AWn-b-d-in-ev]n-Iƒ°v \µn ]Im-in-∏n-

°p-∂p.

tZh-temIw ^m. tUm. H. tXmakv

20- 1- 2012 Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬

6

]mTy-]-≤-Xn- ˛ap-J-hpc

]nb hnZym¿∞n ktlm-Z-c-ßsf,

\ΩpsS k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn kºq¿Æ-ambn ]cn-jvI-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. _m-e-]mTw apX¬ ]¥≠mw ¢mkv hsc-bp≈ ]T\ Ime-

L-´sØ A©v L´-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p∂p.

1. t_Xvetlw _me-]mTw ¢m v 5 hb- p-hsc

2. \tkØv ¢m v 1 apX¬ 3 hsc 5 apX¬ 7 hsc

3. Keoen ¢m v 4 apX¬ 7 hsc 8 apX¬ 11 hsc

4. bcp-itew ¢m v 8 apX¬ 10 hsc 12 apX¬ 14 hsc

5. Xmt_m¿ ¢m v 11 Dw 12 Dw 15 apX¬ 16 hsc

Xmt_m¿ F∂ hn`m-K-Ønse c≠p h¿j-]-T\ tImgvkn\v "Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv thZ-]-ho¨ Untπmam' F∂mWv \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. Cu c≠p h¿j ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-tºmƒ at\m-l-c-amb

Hcp Untπmam k¿ń-^n-°‰v BWv e`n-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. c≠mw

h¿jsØ ]mT-ß-fn¬ ]T-\-Øns‚ a\x-im-kvXw, t_m[-\-co-Xn-Iƒ,

aqey-\n¿Æbw XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬ Cu

tImgvkv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h¿°v k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-cm-Im-\p≈

tbmKy-X-IqSn e`n-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Cu tImgvkv i≤-tbm-sSbpw

AXntesd D’m-l-tØm-sSbpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°pI. \nßƒ°v G‰hpw

]tbm-P-\-ap≈ ]mT-ß-fmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`m-K-

ßƒ kzbw hmbn®p ]Tn-°-Ø-°-Xp-t]mse efn-X-am-bmWv Xøm-dm-

°p-∂-Xv.

H∂mw h¿j-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Ggv bqWn-‰p-I-fn-embn 28 ]mT-

ßƒ D≠v. IqSmsX D]-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ambn "hn. Ip¿∫m\ Hcp ]T\w'

F∂ Hcp eLp]pkvX-Iw-IqSn D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Xmgv∂ ¢m p-I-fn¬

XpS¿®-bmbn hn. Ip¿∫m\ Hcp ]T\w F∂ Hcp bqWn‰v D≠m-bn-cn-

°pw. AXns‚ XpS¿®bmbn Aev]w-IqSn Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-t°≠

][m\ Bi-b-ßƒ tN¿Øv ]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-XmWv Cu

7

]pkvXIw. Ch IqSmsX ]mtbm-Kn-I-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\mbn Hcp eLp

t]mPIvSv BWv \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

BZy-h¿jsØ ]mT- m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp hnj-b-amWv t]mP-

IvSn-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. Cu dnt∏m¿´v ¢mkv So®¿ aptJ\

slUvamÃ¿°v ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fp-sSbpw hnIm-cn-b-®-s‚bpw Hs° klmbw CXn-\mbn \nßƒ°v

tXSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

t]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿ńs‚ LS\

1. t]mP-IvSns‚ Xe-s°´v

2. BapJw

3. hnj-b-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yhpw ]T-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw

4. ]T-\-coXn

5. tiJ-cn® hnh-c-ß-fpsS hni-I-e\w

6. ][m\ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ

7. D]-kw-lmcw

8. d -d≥kp-Iƒ

\nßƒ°v hfsc CjvS-ap≈ Hcp hnjbw t]mP-IvSn-\mbn sXc-

s™-Sp-°-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-ambn k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ F∂ ]mT-`m-KsØ

Bkv]-Z-am°n ""]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-ssh-in-

jvTy-ßƒ'' F∂ hnjbw kzoI-cn-°mw. CXn-\mbn In´m-hp∂ KŸ-

ßfpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ teJ-\-ßfpw tiJ-cn®v hmbn-®pw, ]finX-

∑m-cp-ambn A`n-apJw \SØnbpw hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

e`n-°p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn®v dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°p-I. C]-Imcw

Xøm-dm-°p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ taev]-d™ LS-\-b-\p-k-cn®v Iao-I-cn-°p-I.

dnt∏m¿ń\v Npcp-ßn-bXv \mev t]Pp-Iƒ D≠m-h-Ww.

]mT-`m-K-ß-sf√mw Ia-ambpw Nn´-bmbpw ]Tn-°p-hm≥ D’m-ln-°-

Ww. k¨tU-kvIqƒ ¢m p-I-fn¬ apS-ßmsX ]s¶-Sp-°-Ww. ]Xn-hmbn

Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°-Ww, ]m¿∞n-°-Ww.

k¿t∆m-]-cn, F√m k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ip™p-ßƒ°mbpw A≤ym-]-

I¿°mbpw \nßƒ ]m¿∞n-°-Ww. k`-bnse hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ Xe-ap-

dsb Bflo-b-ambn ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw kXy-hn-izm-k-Ønepw kXym-

cm-[-\-bnepw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw KWy-amb ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂ \ΩpsS ]nb-

s∏´ k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿ sNøp∂ tkh\w \nkvXp-e-am-Wv.

8

]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS hnP-b-I-c-amb \S-Øn-∏n¬ \ΩpsS F√m

hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb kl-I-cWw

D≠mtb aXn-bm-hq. ]gb coXn-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]pXnb ]≤Xn Hcp \√

Af-hp-hsc hn`n-∂-am-I-bm¬ A≤ym-]-Icpw hfsc i≤-tbmSpw D’m-

l-tØm-Spw-IqSn ]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw ]mTy-co-Xnbpw ssIImcyw

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. \nß-fpsS hne-tb-dnb \n¿t±-i-ßfpw t]m’m-l-\-

ßfpw Rßsf Adn-bn-°-W-sa. ]cn-ip≤ k`-bv°p-th≠n \ΩpsS

k¨tU-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-Icpw a‰v Npa-X-e-°mcpw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ Cu

k¬I¿Ω-Øn\v kvt\l-aq¿Øn-bmb ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-K-lm-io¿hmZ-

ßƒ kar-≤n-bmbn D≠m-I-s´.

tUm. kmw hn. Um\n-tb¬

FIvkn-Iyq-óhv FUn-‰¿

9

D≈-S°w

bqWn‰v H∂v: thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-T\w

(^m. tUm. ‰n.-sP. tPmjzm)

A≤ymbw H∂v: hnip≤ ss__nƒ, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`m-ho-£-W-Øn¬ 11

A≤ymbw c≠v: ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w 15

A≤ymbw aq∂v: kphn-ti-j-ßfpw ]utem-kns‚ IØp-Ifpw 18

A≤ymbw \mev: Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bn¬ hnip≤

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w 22

bqWn‰v c≠v: Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\

(s]m^. sNdn-bm≥ tXmakv)

A≤ymbw H∂v: Bflo-bX Hcp Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ho£Ww 25

(bmt°m_v am¿ sFtd-\n-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm)

A≤ymbw c≠v: Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bpsS ]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ 30

A≤ymbw aq∂v: Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\m-Iaw 35

A≤ymbw \mev: Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse s]cp∂m-fp-Iƒ 40

bqWn‰v aq∂v: k`m-N-cnXw

(^m. tUm. tPmkv tPm¨)

A≤ymbw H∂v: k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√p-Iƒ 44

A≤ymbw c≠v: ae-¶-c-k-`bpw ][m\ kw`-h-ßfpw 51

A≤-ymbw aq∂v: ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\ NcnXw 60

A≤-ymbw \mev: ae-¶-c-k` B[p-\nI bpK-Øn¬ 65

bqWn‰v \mev: InkvXob IpSpw_w

(^m. tUm. H. tXma-kv)

A≤ymbw H∂v: thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm\w 70

A≤ymbw c≠v: B[p-\nI IpSpw-_-ßƒ t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ 74

A≤ymbw aq∂v: IpSpw_ _‘-ßƒ 77

A≤ymbw \mev: hy-X-ykvX k`-I-fn-sebpw aX-ß-fn-sebpw AwK-ßƒ

XΩnep≈ hnhml _‘-ßƒ 81

10

bqWn‰v A©v: hnhn[ aX-ßfpw FI-yp-sa-\n-khpw

(^m. tUm. tP°_v Ipcy≥)

A≤ymbw H∂v: hnhn[ aX-ßƒ 85

A≤ymbw c≠v: hnhn[ InkvXob hn`m-K-ßƒ 91

A≤ymbw aq∂v: FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\w 96

A≤ymbw \mev: FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-I-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw 100

bqWn‰v Bdv: a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

(A-Uz. sPbvkn Icn-ßm-ń¬)

A≤ymbw H∂v: a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS Bcw-`hpw kz`m-hhpw 104

A≤ymbw c≠v: ASn-ÿm-\-a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ: `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ 107

A≤ymbw aq∂v: a\p-jym-h-Im-ihpw hne-s∏´ a\p-jy-Po-h\pw 111

A≤ymbw \mev: a\pjymhIm-i-ßfpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw

(Rights and Responsibilities) 114

bqWn‰v Ggv: hnhn[ XXz-kw-ln-X-I-tfm-Sp≈ InkvXob kao-]\w

(^m. tUm. _ntPjv ^nen-∏v)

A≤ymbw H∂v: Km‘n-Pnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI 117

A≤ymbw c≠v: aX-au-en-I-hmZw 121

A≤ymbw aq∂vv: kmaq-ly-]-Xy-b-imkvXw 126

A≤ymbw \mevv: kmºØnI-]-Xy-b-imkvXßƒ 129

11

bqWn‰v H∂v

thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-T\w

A≤ymbw H∂v

hnip≤ ss__nƒ,Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-ho-£-W-Øn¬

k`-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-KŸw hnip-≤-

th-Z-]p-kvX-I-am-Wv. k`-bpsS hnizm-k-

ßƒ°pw A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ°pw ][m\

tkmX- mbn hnip-≤-KŸw \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂p. AXv ssZhm-flm-hns‚ ]tNm-Z-

\-Ømepw klm-b-Ømepw cNn-°-s∏-´-

XmWv B kXyw ]tXmkv «olm

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ""ssZh-I-ev]-\-bm¬ a\p-

jy¿ ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-\n-tbmKw ]m]n-®n´v

kwkm-cn-®-XtX. (2 ]tXmkv 1:21)

]utemkv «olm-bpsS km£yw ""F√m

Xncp-sh-gpØpw ssZh-izm-ko-b-am-I-

bm¬....-]-tbm-P-\-ap-≈Xv BIp-∂p.''

(2 Xosam. 3:16-˛17) hN\w F∂ am[y-a-

Øn¬ IqSn-bmWv ssZhw Xs‚ lnXhpw

]hr-Ønbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v ss__nƒ ssZh-h-N-\-

amWv. a\p-jy-c-£-bv°p-th≠n \evIp∂

ktµ-i-ambn AXns\ ImWmw.

CXp sX‰p-Iq-Sm-sXbpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw

Fgp-Xm≥ ssZhw Nne hy‡n-Isf D]-

tbm-Kn°pIbm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v Ahn-

Sp∂v ]tNm-Z-\hpw ]Im-ihpw \evIn.

F∂m¬ Ah¿ shdpw bm¥n-I-amb D]-

I-c-W-ßƒ Bbn-cp-∂n-√. at‰Xp KŸ-

I¿Øm-hn-s\-t∏mse Chcpw ÿe-Ime-

km-l-N-cy-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn\p hnt[-

b-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-

Ihpw kmaq-lyhpw kmln-Xy-]-c-hp-amb

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-\n-dp-Øn-s°m≠v

ssZh-Øns‚ ktµiw ]am-Z-c-ln-X-ambn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah¿°p hcw e`n®p.

Aßs\ ssZh-Øns‚ ktµiw a\p-

jys‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ enJn-X-am-bn. ssZh-

sØbpw a\p-jy-c-£-sbbpw kw_-‘n-

®p≈ hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ ss__nƒ ]amZ-

c-ln-X-am-Wv.

ss__nƒ Hcp imkvX-]p-kvX-I-a√.

ùXn-I-im-kvXsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈

Adn-hp-I-f√ AXn¬ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ imkvX-Øn\p \nc-°m-ØXv

ss__n-fn¬ C√m F∂p ]d-bmw.

c£mN-cnXw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw c£m-

am¿§w \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bp-amWv ss__nƒ

sNøp-∂-Xv.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpwt]m´-Ã‚p ss__nfpw

t]m´-Ã‚p-Im¿ kzoI-cn -®n-´p≈

ss__n-fn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ 39 ]pkvX-

I-ßƒ amX-ta-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≈ ss__n-

12

fn¬ 46 ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-≠v. Cu hyXymkw

Fßs\ h∂p? _n.-kn. aq∂mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ A\-h[n blq-Z-∑m¿ IpSn-tb-‰-°m-

cmbn CuPn-]vXn¬ ]m¿°p-∂p-≠m-bn-

cp∂p. Ah-cpsS c≠mw Xe-apd-°m¿ Xt±-

iob mj-bmb Ko°p-amXw Adn-bm-hp-

∂-h-cm-bn. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS D]-

tbmKØn-\mbn ss__n-fns‚ Ko°p-

]cn-`mj Ae-Ivkm-≠n-bm-bn¬ \n¿∆-

ln-°-s∏-´p.

CXv _n.-kn. aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

A¥y-Øn-em-Wv. 72 ]fin-X-∑m-¿ tN¿-

∂p≈ kwcw- -am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ]cn-

`mjbv°v sk]v‰p-h-Pn‚ v (LXX) F∂v

t]cmbn. Cu ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ ]me-kvXo-

\n¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ ss__n-fn-s\-°mƒ

IqSp-X¬ Ggp-Ir-Xn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp

kw`-hn-®Xv A∂v CX ]pkvX-I-ßƒ

amXta D≠m-bn-cn-°-bp≈q F∂ \n›-

b-sam-∂pw-sN-bvXn-ń-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-

emWv. lo_p Hcp amXr- m-j-bm-bn-Øo¿-

∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Ko°v A∂p km¿∆-Xn-

I-`m-j-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw blq-Z-

kaqlw sk]v‰p-h-Pn‚ v AwKo-I-cn-®p-

t]m∂p. B ]mc-ºcy-Øn¬ BWv

InkvXo-b-k`bpw Bcw- wap-X¬ sk]v‰p-

h-Pn‚ v D]-tbm-Kn®p h∂Xv. ]utemkpw

a‰pw D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv lo_p-hn¬\n-∂√

Ko°p-]-cn- m-j-bn¬-\n∂mWv.

InkvXo-b-k-` -bpsS hf¿®bpw

apt∂-‰hpw XS-bp-hm≥ ]e-kvXo-\nse

blqZ dm_n-am-cpsS Hcp Iu¨kn¬

Pmav\n-bm-bn¬Iq-Sn (A.D. 90). AhnsS

Ah¿ FSpØ Hcp Xocp-am\w InkvXob-

kaqlw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ss__nƒ \ncm-

I-cn-®p-sIm≠v t\csØ ]e-kvXo-\n¬

\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ 39 ]pkvX-I-ßƒ amX-

amWv Imt\m-\n-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ F∂p-≈-

Xmbn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ sk]v‰p-h-Pn‚nse

A[nIw tN¿°s∏´ IrXnIƒ°p

InkvXo-b-k` DØ-c-Im-t\m\nI (DeutroCanonical) KŸ-ßƒ F∂p t]¿ hnfn®p.

A[n-I-ap≈ Ggp IrXn-Iƒ tXm_n-Xv,

bqZnXv, alm-⁄m-\w, ]`mj-I≥,

_mdq°v, 1, 2, a°-_m-b¿. (F-kvX-dn-

s‚bpw Zm\n-tb-en-s‚bpw IrXn-Iƒ°v

A\p-_-‘-ßƒ IqSn-bp-≠v.)

InkvXo-b-k-`-bn¬ t]m´-Ã‚ v

\hoI-cWw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc D]-

tbmKn®psIm≠ncp∂Xv sk]v‰p-h-Pn‚ v

ss__nfpw AXn¬\n-∂p≈ ]cn- m-jI-

fp-am-Wv. \ho-I-c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ F_mb

Imt\m≥]-Im-c-ap≈ 39 ]pkvX-I-ßƒ

amX-amWv ]g-b-\n-b-a-sa∂v hyhÿ-s∏-

Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv \ho-

I-c-W-k-`-Iƒ A√m-sX-bp≈ ImtØm-

en° Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ F√mw-

Xs∂ 46 ]pkvX-I-ßƒ D≈ ]gb\nbaw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kpdn-bm\n k -bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

s]io-Øm ]cn-`mj (Peshitta) sk]v‰p-h-

Pn‚n¬\n∂m-b-Xp-sIm≠v AXn¬ 46

]pkvX-I-ßƒ D≠v. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ s]io-

Øm-bpsS ]cn-`mj mZ¿ Ipcy≥ IWn-

bmw-]-d-ºnepw ^m. D∏m-Wnbpw \S-Øn-

bn-´p-≠v.

""k -bm¬ k -bv°p-th≠ncNn°-s∏´ ]pkvXIw

hnip≤ KŸw ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-

am-sW∂pw ]cn-ip-≤mfl]tNm-Z-\-Øm¬

cNn-°-s∏´XmsW∂pw apI-fn¬ I≠p.

F∂m¬ AXns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw

tImUoI-c-W-Ønepw k`-bv°p≈ ]¶v

Adn™ncn°-Ww. ]gb-\n-baw blq-Z

k`-bnse Bcm[\-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse

]pXnb \nbaw InkvXo-b-k- -bpsS Bcm-

13

[-\-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv cq]-s∏-

´-Xv. Bcm-[-\-bn¬ D]-tbmKn-°p-∂-Xn\v

AXnse ]t_m-[-\-ßƒ°v D]-bp-‡-

amw-h-Æ-amWv ]pkvX-I-ßƒ tImUo-I-

cn-°-s∏-´-Xv.

a‰p-]e IrXn-Ifpw A∂p-≠m-bn-

cp∂p. F∂m¬ GsXms° Bbn-cn-

°Ww hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-

tØ≠Xv F∂v k`-bmWv \n›-bn-®-Xv.

A]-Im-cw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw

tImUo-I-cn -°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-

flmhp k`sb \bn®p F∂p ]d-bmw.

AXp-sIm≠v k`-bn¬\n-∂v, k`-bv°p-

th≠n, k`-bm¬ tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-

XmWv hnip≤ KŸ-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂

-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. B KŸw Xs∂--bmWv

k -bpsS hnizm-k-ßsf \n¿h-Nn-°m\pw

\nb-¥n-°m\pw A\p-jvTm-\-ßsf cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øm\pw F√mw klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßs\ k`-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬-

thWw hnip≤ KŸsØ ImtW-≠Xpw

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xpw.

hnip -≤-\mb AK-kvXo -t\mkv

]kvXm-hn®p: I wouldnot believe in theGospel were it not for the authority of thechurch. ""k`bpsS B[nImcnIX

AXns‚ ]nºn-en-√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬

Rm≥ kphn-ti-jsØ hniz-kn-°p-I-bn-

√m-bn-cp-∂p.'' The Church is to teach, theBible to prove. k`-bmWp ]Tn-∏nt°

≠Xv, thZ-]p-kvXIw AXns\ km[q-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. ]utemkv «olm

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv ""kXy-Øns‚

XqWpw ASn-ÿm-\-hp-ambn Poh-\p≈

ssZh-Øns‚ k`-bm-Ip∂ ssZhm-ebw''

(1 Xosam 3: 15) F∂m-Wv. k`-bpsS

ÿm\hpw ]m[m-\yhpw CXp hy‡-am-

°p-∂p.

k`-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-e-√msX

kzX-¥-amb thZ-hym-Jym-\-Øn\v Hcp-

sº-Sp-∂Xp A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. Aß-s\-

bmWv \qX-\-ß-fmb Ht´sd k`-Iƒ

D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ""hmƒ FSp-°p-∂-h≥

shfn-®-∏mSv'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse

Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ss__nƒ hymJym-\-

Øn\v Hcp-sº-Sp-tºmƒ sX‰mb ]e \nK-

a-\-ß-fnepw Nn¥-I-fnepw sNs∂-Ømw.

AXp-sIm≠v k -tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Ønepw

k`-bpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿ \evIn-bn-´p≈

]t_m-[-\-ß-fpsS shfn -®-Ønepw

ss__nƒ ]T\w km[y-am-°-Ww.

k`-bpsS ]am-W-ßƒ°pw BNm-

cm\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ°pw thZ-]p-kvXIw

amXamWv B[mcw F∂ t]m´-Ã‚ v

ho£Ww Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bv°n-√.

hnip-≤-K‘w ][m-\hpw ]mam-Wn-I-hp-

amb tkmX v BWv. AtXmSp tN¿∂p

]cn-ip≤ k`m-]n-Xm-°-fpsS D]-tZ-i-

ßfpw hnip≤ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fpsS

\n›-b-ßfpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂p. thZ-

]pkvX-I-k-Xy-ßsf F]-Im-cw, k`m-

]nXm-°-ƒ a\ n-em°pIbpw AwKo-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈Xv ][m\-

s∏´ Imcy-am-Wv. c≠m-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw

h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºv cNn-°-s∏´ hnip-≤-

KŸw ]n∂n´ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ F]-Imcw

a\ n-em-°p-Ibpw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp F∂p \ma-dn-bp-∂Xv Bh-iyw-

X-s∂.

D]-kw-lmcw

1. k`-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-K-Ÿ-amWv

hnip-≤-th-Z-]p-kvX-I-sa∂v \mw AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂-p.

2. k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS D]-tZ-i-ß-

sfbpw kp∂-l-tZmkp Imt\m-\p-I-

sfbpw thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-T-\-Øn¬ D]-

bp-‡-am-°-Ww.

3. \mw AwKo-I-cn -°p∂ kpdn-bm\n

ss__nƒ (s]vioØ) t]m´-Ã‚v

14

ss__n-fn¬\n∂v hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂Xv ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ]pkvX-

Iß-fpsS FÆ-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-

emWv.

4. thZ-]p-kvXIw amX-amWv (sola scrip-ture) k -bpsS ]am-W-ßƒ°v B[m-

c-sa∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√.

]h¿Ø-\ßƒ

1. s]m -Ã‚ v ss__n-fn-sebpw Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` AwKo-I-cn -®n-´p≈

ss__n-fn-sebpw ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS

FÆw hyXym-k-s∏- n-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-

sa¥v?

2. k`-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ amXta

thZ-]p-kvXIw hymJym-\n-°m-hq. Cu

Bibw ka¿∞n-°p-I.

3. "hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-

XIƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-ho -

£WØn¬' F∂ hnj-bsØ

Bkv]-Z-am°n Hcp D]-\ymkw Xøm-

dm-°p-I.

15

""Rm≥ ]g-b-\n-baw hmbn-°m-dn√;

]pXn-b-\n-b-aw-am-Xta hmbn-°q.'' F∂p

]d-bp-∂-h-cp-≠v. AXn\v Ah¿ \¬Ip∂

hni-Zo-I-cWw C]-Im-c-amWv. H∂v, ]gb-

\n-baw blq-Z-P-\-X-bpsS thZ-K-Ÿ-am-Wv.

AXv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xv \ymb-]-am-

Whpw Ah-bpsS A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-am-Wv.

InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v AXp

]k-‡-a-√. c≠v, ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]Xn-

-en-°p∂ hnImcw ]Xn-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw

AI-a-Øn-s‚bpw in£-bp-tS-Xp-am-Wv.

AXp InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-tØmSp

\nc-°p-∂-X-√. Cu A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]pe¿-

Øp-∂-h¿ ]e¿ D≠m-tb-°mw.

AXp-sIm≠v ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXnb-

\n-b-ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n \mw

a\- n-em-t°-≠Xv G‰hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

AK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ ]kvXm-h\ hfsc

]k-‡hpw A¿∞-]q¿Æ-hp -amWv.

""]pXn-b-\n-baw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ad-™p-

In-S-°p∂p; ]g-bXv ]Im-in-X-am-Ip-∂Xv

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-epw.'' c≠pw XΩn-ep≈

_‘w Cu ]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ kv]jvS-

am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-]-T\w

icn-bmbn \S-Ø-W-sa-¶n¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-

sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cn-⁄m\w A]-cn-Xym-

Py-am-Wv. ]gb\nb-a-kw- h-ßfpw D]-tZi-

ßfpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]pXnb-

\n-b-a-Øn-em-Wv.

]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw

XΩn¬ ]e-Xnepw hyXym -k-ßƒ

Ds≠∂ Imcyw hnkva -cn -°p -∂n -√.

F∂m¬ Ah XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-Øhpw

sFIy-hp-amWv \sΩ IqSp-X¬ BI¿jn-

°p-∂Xv. (1) c≠v `mK-ß-fnepw Htc

ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.

A_-lm-an-s‚bpw bnkvlm-°n-s‚bpw

bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZh-amWv ]pXnb-

\n-b-a-Øn¬ tbip-hn¬°qSn kwkm-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn c£-

Wy-]-h¿Ø\w \nh¿Øn® ssZhw

Xs∂-bmWv bnkm-tb-ens\ CuPn-

]vXn¬\n∂pw hnSp-hn®v I\m-\n-te°v

sIm≠p-h-∂Xpw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿aqew

kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. krjvSn-

I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn® ssZhw Xs∂-

bmWv tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn hym]-cn-

®Xpw ""Ccp-ń¬\n∂p shfn®w ]Im-in-

°Ww F∂v AcpƒsNbvX ssZhw

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ apJ-Øn-ep≈ ssZh-

tX-P- ns‚ ]cn-⁄m\w hnf-ßn-t°-≠-

Xn\v Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]Im-in-

®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (2 sImcn 4:6) bnkm-tbey-

tcmSv `mKw `mK-ambpw hnhn-[-ambpw

kwkm-cn® ssZhw-Xs∂ A¥y-k-a-

bØp ]pX≥ apJm-¥cw Acpƒs®-bvXp.

(F-_m 1:1)

(2) c≠p `mK-ß-fnepw sXc-s™-Sp-

°-s∏´ Hcp P\-X-sb-∏‰n ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-

∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ssZhP\-amb

bnkm-tb-en-s\-∏-‰n, Ah-cpsS D¤hw,

Ncn-Xw, Pbm-]-P-b-ßƒ, BXy-¥n-I-

A≤ymbw c≠v

]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpwXΩn-ep≈ _‘w

16

e£yw F∂nh hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ ZuXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\mbn

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-W-h¿.

AtX hn[-Øn¬Øs∂ ]pXn-b-

\n-b-a-Øn¬ ssZh-Øm¬ sXc-s™-Sp-

°-s∏´ P\-X-bmWv InkvXo-b-k- . AXv

]pXnb bnkm-tb-em-Wv. ]gb bnkm-

tb-ens‚ XpS¿®bpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-

am-Wv. tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ tIµo-Ir-X-

amb ]pXnb kaqlw ssZh-Øns‚ sXc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\hpw hnip-≤-P-\-hp-am-

bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. (]pd 19:6; 1 ]sXm

2: 9) ssZh-Øns‚ c£Wy-]-h¿Ø\w

XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ \nbp-‡-cm-

Wh¿.

(3) ]g-b-\n-ba kw`-h-ßƒ ]pXnb

\nb-a-kw-`-h-ß-fpsS ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw

amXr-I-Ifpw ap≥Ip-dn-I-fp-am-Wv. tbip

-In-kvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw InkvXob-

k-`-bpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-epap≈ A\-h[n

kw -h-ßƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ap≥-

Ip-dn-Ifpw AS-bm-f-ß-fp-ambn ImWmw.

inip-hmb tbip CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂pw

XncnsI hcp-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv tbip acp-

`q-an-bn¬ 40 Znh-k-ßƒ D]-hm-k-Øn¬

Ign-®Xpw XpS¿∂p-≠mb ]tem-`-\-

ßfpw F√mw Xs∂ bnkm-tb-ens‚

A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn

kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

AXp-t]mse k -bpsS A\p- -h-Ønepw

]eXpw ap≥Ipdn Bbn ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬

ImWmw. (1 sImcn 10: 1-˛13 ImWp-I)

(4)- ]gb\n-b-a-Ønse A\-h[n ]h-

N-\-ßfpw k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]pXn-b-

Xn¬ \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp -∂p. ]pXnb

\nba-F-gp-Øp-Im¿ F√m-hcpw Xs∂ Cu

ho£Ww ]pe¿Øn-b-h-cm-bn -cp -∂p.

aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ DS-\ofw

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

\evIn-s°m≠v tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚

PohnX-Ønse Hmtcm kw`-hhpw ]h-

N\-]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ambn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

CX-c-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ CXbpw hym]-

I-am-bn-s√-¶nepw Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

ep≈ ]e ]cm-a¿i-\-ßfpw ImWmw.

]g -b -\n -b -a -] -fin-X -\m -bn -cp∂

]utemkv «olm Xs‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬

]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-Ifpw ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw

\evIn-s°m≠v Xs‚ Bi-b-ßƒ hy‡-

am-°p-∂p. DZm: hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-

I-cWw F∂ kn≤m¥w ]utem-kns‚

]pXp-Xmb Hcp D]-tZ-i-a-√, ]g-b-\n-b-a-

Øn¬ A_-lm-ans‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬

shfn-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v Dev]Øn 15:6 D≤-

cn-®p-sIm-≠v ka¿∞n-°p-∂p. tdma¿ 4-: 22.

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønse Fgp-Øp-Im¿

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

FSp-Øn-´p≈Xv Ah-cpsS ]g-b-\n-b-a-

]mfinXyw ]I-S-am-°m-\-√. ]ns∂-tbm,

InkvXo-b-k` F∂p-≈Xv s]mSp-∂-\th

s]m¥n-h∂ Hcp ]ÿm-\-a-√- F∂pw

Zo¿L-amb Hcp-°-Øn-s‚bpw kpNn-¥n-

X-hpw BinX-hp-amb Hcp ssZhn-I-]-≤-

XnbpsS ]cn-Wn-X- -e-ambn cq]w-sIm-≠-

Xm-sW∂pw sXfn-bn-°m-\-tX. ]g-b-

\nbaw F∂p-≈Xv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-\p-

th-≠n-bp≈ kpZo¿L-amb Hcp-°-am-bn-

cp-∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-]-Xo-£-Ifpw A`n-

emj-ßfpw ]qh-Wn™v ê-]q¿Æ-am-

bXv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-

hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw Ahn-SpsØ ]h¿-

Ø-\-Øn-ep-am-Ip-∂p.

""\mw \ymb-]-am-WØn\√ Ir]-

bv°tX A[o-\-cm-Ip-∂p.'' (tdma. 6:15)

F∂p≈ ]utem-kns‚ ]kvXm-h\

Fßs\ a\- n-em-°Ww? tami-bpsS

\ymb-]amWw InkvXob hnizm-kn-

Iƒ°p ]k-‡-a√ F∂p hcptam? ]gb-

\n-b-a-Ønse KWy-amb `mKw \nb-a-

ßfpw ]am-W-ß-fp-am-Wv. Ah \ap°v

17

]k-‡-a-s√-¶n¬ ]g-b-\n-baw \ap°v

kzoIm-cy-am-Ip-∂-sX-ßs\? hfsc Kl-

\hpw hym]vX-hp-amb Cu hnj-bsØ

Xmsg ]d-bpw-hn[w Npcp-°-ambn ]d-bmw.

(1) ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse A\p-jvTm-\-

]-c-ßfpw BNmc]c-ß-fp-amb \nb-a-

ßƒ AtX-]Sn \ap°p ]k-‡-a-√. DZm:

tamsi-bpsS \nb-a-Øn¬ arK-ß-sfbpw

a’y-ß-sfbpw Aip-≤-sa∂pw ip≤-

sa∂pw th¿Xn-cn®v `£y-ßfpw A√m-

Øhbp-sa∂ th¿Xn-cn-hv \ap°v ]k-

‡-a-√. ip≤n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nne k¶-

ev]-ßfpw kzoIm-cy-a-√. DZm: IpjvT-

tcmKnsb- sXm-´m¬, ihsØ sXm´m¬

Aip≤n (kwJym 5:2) F∂pw a‰p-ap≈

\njvI¿j InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn¬

C√.

im_-Xp \mfns\ (Ggmw Znh-k-amb

i\n-bm-gvN) ip≤o-I-cn° F∂p≈ Iev]-

\bpw _m[-I-a-√. \mw BN-cn-°p-∂Xv

I¿Øm-hns‚ Dbn¿∏v Znh-k-amb Rmb-

dmgvN (BgvN-h-´-Øns‚ H∂mw \mƒ)

BWv. im_Xv \ap°v A]-k-‡-am-bn.

(2) \nb-a-ßfpw N -ßfpw BN-cn-°p-

∂-Xp-hgn ssZh-cmPyw kw]m-]n°mw

F∂pw Aßs\ a\p-jys‚ ]cn-i-a-

Ømepw ]b-Xv\-Ømepw B¿÷n-°p∂

H∂mWv ssZh-cmPyw (c-£-bpsS A\p-

`-hw) F∂p-ap≈ kn≤m¥w \ap°p

kzoIm-cy-a√ F∂mWv ]utemkv hy‡-

am-°p-∂-Xv. \mw \ymb-]-am-W-Øn≥Iogp-

≈-h-c√ F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv C°m-cy-a-tX.

]m]-Øn-\-[o-\-\mb a\p-jy≥ FX-

Xs∂ ian-®mepw \ymb]amWw \n¿h-

Nn-°p∂ ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØpI km[y-

a-√. Cu ]cn-an-Xnbpw ]cm-[o-\-Xbpw a\-

n-em°n ssZhw Xs∂ kz]p-Xs\

]m]-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw hcp-Øp-hm≥

\ntbm-Kn-®p. Aßs\ InkvXp \ΩpsS

]m]-ßƒ°p ]cn-lmcw hcp-Øn-sb-∂p-

≈Xv \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-hgn (hn-izm-

k-Øm¬) \mw ssZh-ap-ºmsI kzoImcy-

cm-Ip-∂p. AhnsS ssZh-Ir-]-bmWv ASn-

ÿm\w. A°m-c-W-Øm¬ \mw \ymb-

]-am-W-Øn≥ Iogn-e√, Ir]-bv°-[o-\-

cmbn Pohn-°p-∂p. \mw [m¿Ωn-I-ambn

Pohn-°p-∂Xv ssZhw \sΩ ]pX-]-Zhn

X∂v c£-bpsS A\p-`-h-Øn¬ hcp-Øn-

b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. tami-bn¬Iq-Snbpw a‰p

]hm-N-I-cn¬°q-Snbpw e`y-am-bn-´p≈

[m¿Ωn-I-\n-b-a-ßƒ (Moral and ethicalrules) \ap°p ]k-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬

BNm-c-]-c-hpw, A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-ß-fp-

ambh InkvXp-hn¬°qSn A]-k-‡-

ßƒ Bbn.

]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXnb \nbapw XΩn-

ep≈ At`-Zy-_‘w \mw IW-°n-se-

SpØv ]g-b-\n-b-asØ Ah-K-Wn-°p∂

]h-WX \ymbo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. ]pXn-

b-\n-baw ]g-b-Xns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ambn

I≠v c≠pw XΩn-ep≈ icnbmb _‘w

\mw kwc-£n-°p-I-bmWp th≠-Xv. H∂p

\ngepw a‰Xv s]mcpfpw F∂ ho£-W-

am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. hn. aØmbnbpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬-

\n∂v ]Øv ]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

I≠p-]n-Sn®v Hcp enÃv Xøm-dm-°p-I.

2. "hnizm-kØmep≈ \oXo-I-cWw'

F∂ ]utemkv «olm-bpsS Bibw

A_-lm-ans‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Fßs\

shfn-s∏´p?

3. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Im-e-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-

Xn¬ \ap°v ]k-‡-a-√mØ A\p-

jvTm-\-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI.

4. ]g-b-\n-bahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-

ep≈ kmay-ßfpw hyXym-k-ßfpw

hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI?

18

"kphn-tijw' F∂Xv "Gh≥tK-en-

tbm≥' F∂ Ko°p-]-Z-Øns‚ ]cn-`m-j-

bm-Wv. AXn\v \√ hm¿Ø; kZvhm¿Ø

kphm¿Ø Fs∂ms° A¿∞w

\evImw. a\p-jy-cmin apgp-h\pw th≠n-

bp≈ kZvhm¿Ø-bmWv AXpƒs°m-

≈p∂-Xv. kphn-ti-jw, -N-cn-X-Øn¬

]h¿-Øn® tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ tIµo-

Ir-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (tdma 1:1-˛2; 2 Xosam

2:8) tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn e`y-am-Ip∂

]pXnb A\p-`-h-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬

Ahn-Sp∂p Bcm-Ip∂p F∂pw, F¥v

D]tZ-in-°p-Ibpw ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sh∂pw kphn-tijw shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂p.

BZn-a-L-´-Øn¬ kphn-ti-j-k-Xy-

ßƒ hmsam-gn-bmbn ]N-cn®p. Fgp-Xn-

sh-bv°p-hm≥ Bcpw ian-®n-√. FgpXn

]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ]d™pw

]kw-Kn®pw P\-ß-fn¬ FØn-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cp-sSbpw kphn-

ti-j-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw e£yw. I¿Øm-

hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w Bk-∂-`m-hn-bn¬

kw`-hn -°p-sa∂p ]Xo-£n-®n -cp -∂-

Xn\m¬ hcpw-X-e-ap-dbv°pth≠n Fgp-Xn-

h-bvt°≠ Bh-iy-IX tXm∂n-bn-cp-

∂n√. tbip-InkvXp sNbvXXpw ]d-™-

Xpamb hkvXp-X-Iƒ hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS

ZrIvkm£n-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°p ]I¿∂p-

sImSpØp. (1 tbml. 1: 1-˛2; A.] 2:42;

eqt°m. 1:2)

kphn-tijw Fgp-Xp-hm-\p≈kml-Ncyw

ZrIvkm-£n-I-fmb At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-

cpsS Imew thK-Øn¬ IS-∂p-t]m-bn.

Ah-cn¬\n∂p t\cn-´p -tIƒ°p-hm≥

kml-Ncyw Ipd-™-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS

hm°p-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-SpØn hbv°p-hm≥

t]c-W-bp-≠mbn. amX-a√ k` hfcp-

Ibpw hym]n-°bpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ At∏m-

kvX-e-∑m¿°pw kl-]-h¿Ø-I¿°pw

F√m ÿe-ß-fnepw FØn-t®-cpI

km[y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂,

InkvXp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ hchv BZyw

Ah¿ ]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]mse Bk-∂-am-

bn-cn-°-bn√ F∂p≈ Nn¥bpw Db¿∂p.

Ch-sb-√m-amWv kphn-ti-j-ßƒ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ t]cn-∏n® LS-I-ßƒ.

At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-I-fm-

bnt´m kaq-l-Øns‚ hnizm-k-kw-ln-

Xbm-bnt´m thtZm-]-tZi klm-bn-bm-

bnt´m tbip-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]hr-

Øn-Ifpw Fgp-X-s∏-Sp -hm-\n -S -bm-bn.

H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØm-Sp-

IqSn \mep kphn-ti-j-ßfpw ]Nm-c-

Øn¬ h∂p.

\mep-kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Dt≠m?

\mep kphn-ti-j-ßƒ F∂p hnti-

jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ sX‰m-Wv.

kphn-tijw Ht∂-bp-≈q. AXp ssZh-

]p-X-\mb InkvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈-

A≤ymbw aq∂v

kphn-ti-j-ßfpw]utem-kns‚ IØp-Ifpw

19

XmWv. F∂m¬ AtX-∏-‰n-bp≈ \mep

ho£Wß-fm-Wv; \mev Ah-X-c-W-ß-fp-

am-Wv. \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImWp-

∂-Xv. Ah Ime-tZ-i-ßƒ°-\p-k-c-W-

ambn ]I¿∂p-h∂ ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬-

\n∂p cq]w-]m-]n-®-Xm-Wv. k`-bpsS

kPo-h-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fm-Ip∂p kphn-ti-j-

c-N-\-bpsS ]nºn-ep-≈-Xv. Hmtcm Fgp-Øp-

Im-c\pw Xt‚-Xmb kml-N-cy-ßfpw Bh-

iy-ßfpw a\- n-em°n kz¥-amb hnebn-

cp-Øepw hni-I-e-\hpw sNbvXmWv ]mc-

º-cy-h-kvXp-X-Isf tImUo-I-cn®v Ah-

X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Cw•n-jn-ep≈ ]kvXm-

h\ C°mcyw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Gospel of Jesus Christ, according to St.Mathew or St. Mark or St. Luke or St. John.

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈hyXymkw

\mep kphn -ti-j-ßfpw tbip-

InkvXp-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]hr-Øn-

I-fp-amWv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-sX-¶nepw Ah

XΩn¬ ]Xy-£-amb ]e hyXym-k-

ßfpw \mw Is≠-Øp-∂p. BZysØ

aq∂p kphn-ti-jßfpw XΩn¬ hfsc

kmay-ap-≠v, F∂m¬ Ah tbml-∂ms‚

kphn-tijØn¬\n∂v hfsc hyXy-kvX-

am-Wv. BZysØ aq∂v kphntijßƒ

(aØmbn, a¿t°m-kv, eqt°m-kv) XΩn-

ep≈ ASpØ km[¿-Ωyw-sIm≠v Ahsb

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ""ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-

ti-j-ßƒ'' F∂mWv. Chbpw tbml-

∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jhpw XΩn-ep≈ ][m\

hyXym-k-ßƒ NphsS sImSp-°p∂p.

(1) tbip-hns‚ ]c-ky-ip-iq-jm-

Imew: Hcp h¿jw-sIm-≠-h-km-\n-°p∂

hn[-amWv ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-

ep≈-Xv. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-

Ønse hnh-c-W-ßƒ Ipd-™Xp aq∂p-

h¿jw \o≠p-\n-ev°p-∂p. aq∂p s]kl-m-

bn¬ tbip kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xmbn tbml-

∂m≥ hnh-cn-°p∂p (tbml 2:13; 6:4; 12:1)

amX-a√ tbip ]e ]mhiyw sbcp-

itew kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xmbpw ]d-bp∂p.

(2) D]-tZ-i-Øn-ep≈ hyXymkw:

kam-¥-c-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ Poh-kp‰

A\-h[n D]-a-Iƒ ImWmw. tbml-∂m-

\n¬ kpZo¿Lhpw k¶o¿Æ-hp-amb ]`m-

j-W-ß-fmWv; D]-a-I-tf-bn√. ]Xn-]m-Zy-

hn-j-b-ß-fpw hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-Wv. ka-ho-

£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ssZh-cm-Py-

Øn\v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-tºmƒ tbml-

∂m-\n¬ InkvXp Bsc∂pw X\n-°p

]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-sa-s¥∂pw shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

(3) A¤p-X-ßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw:

ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ A¤p-X-

ßfpw hocy-]-hr-Øn-Ifpw \nd-™p-\n-

ev°p-∂p. tbml-∂m≥ GsgÆw amXw

Xnc-s™-SpØv Ahsb "AS-bm-f-ßƒ'

F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ah-bn¬°qSn

InkvXp-hns‚ Bf-ØsØIpdn-°p-∂

kXy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv. tbml-

∂m-\n¬ qtXm-®m-S\w H∂pw Xs∂-bn√.

]utem-kns‚ IØp-Iƒ]pXnb \nb-a -Øns‚ GXm≠v

\men¬ Hcp `mKw ]utem-kns‚ IØp-

Iƒ BsW∂p ]d-bmw. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

Ign-™m¬ Gsd ]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p-

∂-hbpw Ah Xs∂. ]utemkv F∂

hy‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw At±-l-Øns‚

ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb Dƒ°mgvN-I-sf-°p-

dn®pw \ap-°-dn-bm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv B

IØp-I-fn¬°q-Sn-bm-Wv.

]utem-kns‚ IØp-I-sf-∏‰n s]mXp-

hmbn ]d-tb≠ Nne \nco-£-W-ßƒ

D≠v.

(1) F√m IØp-Ifpw \ap°v e`y-am-

bn- n-√. Nne IØp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏´p F∂p

20

Icp-tX-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sImcn-¥y¿°v

Fgp-Xnb H∂mw IØn¬ AXn-\p-apºv

Ah¿°v At±lw FgpXnb IØn-s\-

∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. (1 sImcn. 5:9). AXp-

t]mse 2 sImcn. 2:4˛¬ hfsc IÆp-\o-

tcmSpw hyk-\-tØmSpw FgpXn F∂p

]d-bp-∂p. AXv H∂mw teJ\w BIm-

\n-S-bn-√. Hcp-]-t£, 2 sImcn 10- 13 A≤ym-

b-ßƒ Cu ItØm, AXns‚ `mKtam

Bbn-cn-°m-sa∂p ]fin-X-∑m¿ Nq≠n-

°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

sImsem 4: 16-¬ ehp-Zn-Iy-k-`bv°v

Hcp IØ-b-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p. AXpw

\ap°v e`y-am-bn-ń-√.

(2) ]e IØp-Iƒ°pw ]n∂oSv

""FUn-‰nMv'' \S-∂n- p-≈-Xmbn Icp-Xp-∂p.

2 sImcn-¥y¿°v C]-Imcw kw`-hn-

®n-´p≠v F∂v hy‡-am-Wv. 2 sImcn

6:14˛7:1 hsc-bp≈ `mKw AXn-\p-apºpw

]nºpap≈ `mK-ßtfmSv _‘-s∏-SmsX

\nev°p-∂p. 6:13- -\p-tijw 7: 2 hmbn-®m¬

Bi-b-Øn\v Hcp `wKhpw hcp-∂n√.

AXp-t]mse 2 sImcn 8, 9, A≤ym-bßƒ

]e aqe-ß-fn¬\n∂p Iqń-t®¿Ø ]Xo-

Xn-bmWv Df-hm-°p-∂-Xv- ˛ -B-i-b-ß-fpsS

Bh¿Ø-\w, ]c-kv]-c-_‘an-√mØ

Ah-X-cWw Ch ]IS-amWv.

(3) IØp-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm

]tXy-I-km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-

bm-Wv. D≈n¬ ]tNm-Z-\-ap-≠m-bn v Nne¿

]_‘-ßƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Fgp-

X-s∏-´-h-b√. AXp-t]mse temI-sØ-

ßp-ap≈ F√m-hcpw hmbn-®-dn-bp-hm≥

B≤ym-flnI IrXn-Iƒ Bbn cNn-°-s∏-

´-h-b-√. Hmtcm ÿe-Øp-ap≈ k`-I-

fpsS ]tXy-I-amb ]iv\-ßfpw Bh-iy-

ßfpw IW-°n-se-SpØv Ahbv°p am¿§-

\n¿t±iw \evIm≥ Dt±-in-°-s∏-´-h-

bmWv.

Hmtcm k`-bnepw Db¿∂ ]iv\-

ßƒ°p≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-amWv ]utem-

kns‚ IØp-Iƒ. AXp-sIm≠v IØp-I-

fpsS D≈-S°w icn-bmbn Kln-°-W-sa-

¶n¬ Hmtcm k`bpw t\cn´ ]iv\-ßfpw

Ah-bpsS kml-N-cy-ßfpw Adn-™n-cn-

°-Ww. ]t£, AXn\p At∏m-kvtXm-

es‚ IØp-Iƒ amXta \ap-°m-i-bn-

°m-\p-≈q. IØp-I-fnse hcn-Iƒ°n-S-

bn¬°qSn hmbn-®p-sIm≠v kml-N-cy-

ßƒ a\- n-em-°mw. At∏mƒ At∏m-

kvX-e≥ F]-Im-c-amWv am¿§-\n¿t±iw

\evIp-∂Xv F∂p ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

Hmtcm k`-bp-sSbpw ]iv\w Hmtcm-

∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\-\p-k-c-W-am-bn-´mWv

At∏m-kvtXm-e≥ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. X\n°p

t\cn v t]mbn k`m-k-aq-l-sØ ImWm≥

Ign-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ IØp-I-fpsS Bh-

iyw-Xs∂ D≠mIpam-bn-cp-∂n-√. A°m-

eØp sSe-t^m¨_‘w km[y-am-bn-cp-

s∂-¶n¬ Cu IØp-I-fpsS kmwK-Xyta

D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-

ń- p-≈Xv A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. t\cn- p-_‘w

]pe¿Øm≥ Akm-[y-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv

IØp-Iƒ Ab-bvt°≠n h∂-Xv.

]mtZ-in-I-k-`-Iƒ°v AX-Xns‚

]iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-s´-gp-X-s∏´-

hsb-¶n¬ Fß-s\bmWv Cu IØp-

Iƒ°p km¿∆-Xn-I-amb ]k‡n D≠m-

Ip-∂Xv? c≠p Imcy-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-

Wn°mw. H∂m-a-Xv, A∂sØ ]iv\-

ßƒXs∂ Hmtcm `mh-Ønepw cq]-

Ønepw C∂pw ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-

≈-Xp -sIm≠v At∏m -kvtXm -es‚

ktµiw C∂pw kwK-X-am-Wv. c≠ma-Xv,

At±-l-Øns‚ IØp-Iƒ tIhew D]-

cn-π-h-amb Nn¥-bn¬\nt∂m _p≤n-

bn¬\nt∂m D≈-h-b-√. ]cn-ip-≤mfl

]tNm-Z-\-Øm¬ cq]-s∏- -Xm-b-Xp-sIm≠v

Ahbv°p k\m-X-\-amb ktµ-i-ap≠v

21

kmwK-Xy-ap-≠v. F°m-eØpw Fhn-sS-bp-

ap-≈-h¿°v Ah ]k-‡-am-Wv. Xev°me

kml-N-cy-Øn\v Dt±-in-°-s∏-´-h-sb-

¶nepw k\m-X-\-k-Xy-ßƒ Ah Dƒ-

s°m≈p∂p.

(4) ]pcm-X\ ImeØv \ne-hn-en-

cp∂ IØp-I-fpsS amXr-I-X-s∂-bm-Wv

At∏mkvXe\pw ]n¥pS¿∂n-´p-≈-Xv.

F∂m¬ Xs‚ ]Xn-`-bv°-\p-kr-X-ambn

Bh-iy-ap≈ Nne am‰-ßƒ cq]-`m-h-ß-

fn¬ At±lw hcp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Ko°p

Im-cp-sSbpw tdmam-°m-cp-sSbpw CS-

bn¬ ]N-cn-®n-cp∂ IØp-I-fpsS amXrI

a\- n-em°m≥ X°-hÆw ]e ]pcm-

X\- enJn-X-ßfpw \ap°p e`n-®n-´p-≠v.

Ah-bpsS NphSp ]nSn-®mWv At∏m-kvX-

e≥ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv F∂p \ap°p t_m[y-

am-Ipw.

Cu IØp-Iƒ hniz-kvX-cmb hy‡n-

Iƒ hiw sImSp-Ø-bv°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-h¿Xs∂ AXXp k`-

bn¬ hmbn-®p-tIƒ∏n-°p-Itbm Bh-iy-

amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ \evIp-Itbm

sNbvXp-t]m-∂p. Gs^ 6:21-˛22; sImtem

4:7-˛8 ImWp-I.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ßfpw hn.

tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jhpw XΩn-

ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

2. hn. ]utem-kns‚ F√m IØp-Ifpw

\ap°v e`n®nń√ F∂Xn\p≈

sXfnhv Is≠-Øp-I.

3. sImcn¥p k -bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]iv\-

ßƒ sImcn¥y teJ\w hmbn®v

Is≠-Øp-I.

4. hn. ]utemkv «olm-bpsS IØp-Iƒ

Hmtcm ÿe-Øp-ap≈ k`-I-fn¬

\ne\n-∂n-cp∂ ]tXyI ]iv\-ßfpw

Bh-iy-ßfpw IW-°n-se-SpØv Fgp-

X-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. Ahbv°v km¿∆-XnI-

amb ]k‡n Fß-s\-bp-≠m-Ip∂p

F∂v hy‡-am-°p-I.

22

k -bpsS auen-I-amb ZuXyw ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Bcm-[-\-bn¬°qSn

e`n-°p∂ Bflo-b-ssN-X-\y-amWv k`-

bpsS km£y-Po-hn-X-Øn\p IcpØp ]I-

cp-∂-Xv. Bcm-[-\bpw hnip≤ Xncp-shgp-

Øp-ambn At -Zy-amb _‘-ap-≠v. blqZ-

k- -bpsS Bcm-[-\-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-

emWv ]g-b-\n-baw cq]w ]m]n-®-Xv. AXp-

t]mse ]pXn-b-\n-baw cq]w-]m-]n-®Xv

InkvXo-b-k- -bpsS Bcm-[-\-bn¬\n-∂p-

amWv. Bcm[\bpsS hnhn[LS-I-

ßƒ°p ]tNm-Z\w Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fn¬-

°qSn shfns∏SpØn Inńb kXy-ß-fp-

am-Wv.

]pcmX-\-k-`-bmb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bn¬ hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-Øn\v kp]-[m\

ÿm\w \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXp a\- n-

em-Ip-∂Xv k -bpsS Bcm-[-\m-kw-hn-[m-

\-ßfpw Bcm-[-\m-I-ao-I-c-W-ßfpw ]cn-

tim-[n-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. Hcp hnizmkn Bcm-

[-\-bv°mbn ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ ]th-in-

°p-tºmƒ ssl°-em-bn¬ Agn-°-IØv

h®n-´p≈ tai-ta¬ hn.-KŸw hnti-j-

ambn kq£n®n´p≈Xp Z¿in-°p-∂p.

Bcm-[\ Ign-bp-tºmƒ F√m hnizm-kn-

Ifpw Cu hn.-KŸw apØn-bn-´mWv ]ncn-

™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-Sp≈

hW°w amX-a-√, Xß-fpsS ]mXbv°p

Zo]hpw ]mZ-Øn\p ]Im-i-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xv Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-X-s∂-bmWv F∂p

A\p-kva-cn-°p-I-IqSnbmWv.

hnip-≤-a-Zvlm-bn¬ hncns®mcp°nb

tXmtWmkpw AXn\p kao -]Øv

hncns®m-cp-°nb as‰mcp ]oThpw \mw

ImWp∂p. B ]oT-Øn-t∑¬ ssZh-

h-N\w kq£n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚

knwlm-k-\-amb tXmtWm-kn\p ap-ºn¬

[q]w A¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ Gh≥tK-en-]o-T-

Øn\p apºnepw [q]w A¿∏n-°p-∂p.

H∂n¬ Ah-X-cn® hN-\-sa-¶n¬ a‰-Xn¬

AcpƒsNbvX hN-\-amWv ÿnXn-sN-øp-

∂-Xv. Bcm-[-\-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ ]Z-

£n-W-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw apºn¬ Ipcnipw

AXn\p ]nºn¬ hnip -≤-K -Ÿhpw

Db¿Øn∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°pw. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p

am¿§-Zo-]-amWv Xncp-h-N-\w F∂p shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Bcm-[-

\-I-fn-¬ G‰hpw ][m\w hn. Ip¿∫m-\-

bm-Wv. Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw amdm-\mb

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fnepw hn.-Iq¿∫m-\m-\p-

jvTm\w \n¿∫-‘-am-Wv. a‰p IqZm-i-I-

fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-Whpw hn. Ip¿∫m-\-

bn¬Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-tbmSv

A\p-_-‘n-®mWv a‰p IqZm-i-Iƒ F√mw

A\p-jvTn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ ]c-a-

][m-\-amb hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ Xncp-

h-N-\-]m-cm-b-W-Øn\p henb ÿm\w

\evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\sb

][m-\-ambn c≠p `mK-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-

°mw. BZysØ mKw ]c-ky-ambn Bcw-

`n-®-v, hnizm-k-]-amWw sNm√p-∂-Xp-hsc-

bp-≈-Xv. AXp-hsc ] -°m-c≥ tXmtWm-

kns‚ apºn-ep≈ ]Zhn (]Sn)-bn¬ Ib-

dmsX AXn-\p-Xmsg \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv

]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. c≠m-asØ `mK-amb

A≤ymbw \mev

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bn¬hnip≤ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w

23

A\m-t^md Bcw- n-°p-tºmƒ apX¬ ]Z-

hn-ta¬ Ibdn\n∂p-sIm≠v ]m¿∞n-

°p∂p. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS BZy-`mK-Øn\v

c≠p t]cp-Iƒ D≠v. (1) hN\-ip-iqj

(Ministry of the word) (2) hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

Iaw (liturgy of the catechumens) hN-\-

ip-iqj F∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ Imc-Ww, B

`mKØv Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fn¬\n-∂p≈

\n¿±n-jvS-hm-b-\-Ifpw Ahsb ASn-ÿm-

\-am-°nb ]t_m-[-\-hp-am-Wv. c≠m-

asØ t]cn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\w BZn-a-Im-

eØv k`-bn¬ amtam-Zo-km-bv°p-th≠n

Hcpßn hnizmkw ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿ [mcmfw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (catachumens) Ah¿°v

Cu BZy- mKsØ Bcm-[-\-bn¬ kw_-

‘n-°mw. AXp-I-gn™p ]ncn-™p-t]m-

IWw. c≠m-asØ `mKw (A∂m-s^m-d)

amtam-Zokm kzoI-cn® hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-

am-X-ap-≈-XmWv.

hN-\-ip-iq-j-bpsS Cu BZy-`mKw

kp\-tKmKp Bcm-[-\-bpsS amXr-I-bn-

emWv. AhnsS tami-bpsS \ymb-]-am-

W-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]h-N-\-K-Ÿ-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw D≈ hmb-\-Ifpw k¶o¿Ø-

\m-em-]-\hpw XpS¿∂v hmb-\sb ASn-

ÿm-\-am-°nb ]t_m-[-\-hpamWv. hn.

Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ \mw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬-

\n∂pw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬\n-∂p-ap≈

hmb-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ ]g-b-

\nbahmb\ Ip¿∫m-bv°p-ap-tº-bp≈

\a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km-\-Øn-em-°n.

apºv Aßs\ Bbn-cp-∂n-√. Xncp-sh-

gpØv ]pXn-b-\n-baw amX-a-√, ]g-b-\n-

b-ahpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ \mw

aq∂p hmb-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p. Ah-bn¬

aq∂m-asØ hmb-\, F√m Xncp-sh-gp-

Øns‚bpw aIp-Shpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-

amb hnip-≤-kp-hn-ti-j-Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv.

hnip≤ kphn-tijw hmbn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xv hfsc BtLm-j-am-bn-

´m-Wv. apºn¬ [q]hpw Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw

IØn® Zo]-hp-ambn hn. Gh≥tK-en-

tbm≥ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v henb BtLm-

j-amb hc-th-ev]m-Wv. CXc Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-I-fn¬ Cu hc-thev]v

hfsc angn-hp‰ H∂m-Wv. Ct∏mƒ ] -°m-

c≥Xs∂ Gh≥tKen-tbm≥ Db¿Øn-∏n-

Sn -®p ]Sn-™m-tdm´v sIm≠p-h-cp∂p

F∂p≈ am‰w ]e-bn-SØpw hcp-Øn-bn-

´p-≠v. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ al-Xz-sØ-

∏‰n ]´-°m-c≥ Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥ hmbn-

°p-∂-Xn-\p- apºv Bap-J-hm-°p-I-fmbn

]dbp∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. ""temI-Øn\p

Poh\pw c£bpw \evIp∂ ssZh-Øns‚

Poh-\p≈ hN\w'' F∂mWv.

Bcm-[-\m-kw-hn-[m-\-a\p-k-cn®v

]kwKw Gh≥tK-entbm≥ hmb-\sb

XpS¿-∂mWv \S-tØ-≠-Xv. apºv Aßs\

Bbncp-∂p. AXp P\-ß-sf-]Xn Ct∏mƒ

Ip°nentbms‚ ka-b-tØ°p am‰n-bn-cn-

°p-∂Xv en‰¿Pn-°¬ Bbn \ymbo-I-cn-

°m-hp-∂-√. Bcm-[-\m-h¿jsØ hnhn[

L´-ß-fmbn Xncn®v I¿Øm-hns‚ a\p-

jym-h-Xm-c-]-h¿Ø-\sØbpw Xs‚

]p\-cm-K-a-\hpw bpKm-¥yhpw hsc-bp≈

hnj-b-ß-sf-bpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS [ym\-

Øn\pw ]T-\-Øn\pw klm-bn-°-Ø-°-

h-Æ-amWv thZ-hm-b-\-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-

Øn-´p-≈-Xv.

amtam-Zo-km, hnhm-lw, ]´w-sImS

XpS-ßnb a‰p IqZm-i-Iƒ A\p-jvTn-

°ptºmgpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øn¬\n-∂p≈

hmb\ Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. ]tXy-

In®v ]utemkv «olm-bpsS teJ-\-ß-

fn¬-\n∂pw kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-ap≈

`mK-ßƒ \n¿_-‘-ap-≠v. ipiq-jm-I-a-

ß-fn¬Xs∂ Ah tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p.

ih-kw-kvIm-c-ipiq-j-bn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-

Ønse hmb-\bpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

(]t£, AXp Ct∏mƒ hmbn-°m-dn√

24

F∂p-am-Xw) b¬tZm, Z\-lm, Hmim-\,

ZpxJsh-≈nbmgvN, Dbn¿∏v, s]¥n-

t°mkvXn apX-emb hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-

fn¬ ]tXy-I-amb ipiq-jm-kw-hn-[m-\-

ap-≠v. Hmtcm hnj-b-tØmSpw _‘-s∏-

SpØn AXns‚ ]k-‡nbpw A\p-K-

lhpw A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-°p-hm≥ X°-h-

Æ-ap≈ ipiq-jm-I-a-ß-fmWv Ch. Cu

ipiq-j-I-fn¬ F√mw-Xs∂ ]g-b-\n-b-a-

Øn¬\n∂pw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬\n-∂p-

ap≈ ]k-‡hpw A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb

thZ-`m-K-ßƒ hmbn-°p-∂p. Cu ipiq-

jmIa-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn® k`m-]n-Xm-

°-∑m¿ \√ thZ-]-cn-⁄m-\-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-

cp∂p F∂p hy‡w.

A\p-Zn\w A\p-jvTn-°p∂ \a-kvIm-

c-ßfpw I¿Øm-hns‚ ]oVm-\p-`-hsØ

A\p-kva-cn-°p∂ IjvSm-\p`h BgvN-

bnse \a-kvIm-c-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬

Hcp Imcyw t_m[y-am-Ipw. thZ-]p-kvX-

I-k-Xy-ßƒ \ap-°mbn Ah-bn¬ D≤cn-

°p-I-tbm, ]cm-a¿in-°p-Itbm sNøp∂p.

IjvSm-\p- h BgvN \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]pan-tbm≥-˛-sk-Z-dm-Iƒ

\nd-™p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse

]h-N-\-kq-‡-ß-fm-Wv.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Bcm-

[\I-fn¬ ˛ IqZm-i-Ifnepw \a-kvIm-c-

ßfnepw A¿∞-]q¿Æ-ambn kw_-

‘n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS Xncp-h-N-\-k-

ºpjvSn hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

]Xn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX `h-\-ß-fnse

IpSpw-_m-cm-[-\-bn¬ Xncp-h-N\w hmbn-

®-ti-j-amWv Imt\m-\n-I-\-a-kvIm-cw \S-

Øp-∂Xv. Bcm-[-\-bpsS mK-amWv Xncp-

hN\-[ym\w F∂ t_m[yw Ip™p-

ßƒ°p-≠m-Ip-∂p.

CSh-I-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]m¿∞-\m-

tbm-K-ßƒ°v Nne `Zm-k-\-ß-fn¬

""hmb\''Iƒ F∂ t]cp-≠v. Fßs\

B t]cp-≠mbn F∂p a\- n-em-°-Ww.

hnizm-kn-Iƒ h-\-ß-fn¬ IqSnhcp-∂Xv

Xncp-sh-gp-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ hmb-\bv°v

F∂ i‡o-I-c-W-amWv AXn-ep≈-Xv.

]gb-\n-b-a-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pXnb\n-b-a-

Øn¬\n∂pw Ia-ambn hmbn-°p∂

kwhn-[m\w Ahn-sSbp-≠v.

]utemkv «olm Xncp-sh-gp-Øn-s\-

∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn \evIn-bn-´p≈

]kvXm-h-\-tbmsS Cu ]T\w Ah-km-

\n-∏n-°mw. ""F√m Xncp-sh-gpØpw ssZh-

izm-ko-b-am-I-bm¬ ssZh-Øns‚ a\p-

jy≥ kIe k¬]-hr-Øn°pw hI

]m]n®v XnI-™-h≥ BtI-≠-Xn\v

D]tZ-i-Øn\pw imk-\-Øn\pw KpWo-

IcW-Øn\pw \oXn-bnse A`ym-k-

Øn\pw ]tbm-P-\-ap-≈Xv BIp-∂p.''

2 Xosam 3: 16,17

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. Ah-X-cn® hN\w F∂m¬ F¥v?

2. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ hN-\-ip-iq-jbv°v

hfsc ]m[m-\y-ap≠v F∂v sXfn-bn-

°p-I.

3. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ A∂m-s^md F∂

Iaw XpS-ßp-∂-sX-t∏mƒ?

4. "Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bn¬ hn.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w' F∂

hnj-bsØ Bkv]-Z -am°n Hcp

t]mPIv‰v dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°p-I.

25

apJ-hpc

a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn°v "Bflo-bX' Iqń-

t®¿°-s∏´ Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-a-√, ]XypX

Hcp A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ ]ca-

]-[m-\-amb Imcy-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ ]I-

S-\m-fl-I-amb Bflo-bX a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-

bnepw s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-I-fnepw ImWmw.

a\p-jy≥ tIhew ùXn-I-i-cocw amX-

a√, AXn-ep-]cn ZrV-amb kwbp-‡-

amWv. ico-cw, a\- v, Bflmhv F∂n-h-

bpsS kwtbm-P-\-amWv. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-

Øns‚ kmZr-iy-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-

´Xpw AXv \√-Xm-sW∂v ImW-s∏-´-Xp-

am-I-bm¬ Bflo-bX ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v

a\p-jy\v hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-ambn e`n-®-

Xm-Wv. CXv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \nb-

ahpw kzm[o-\-hp-am-I-bm¬ ùXn-I-i-co-

chpw AZr-iy-amb a\ pw Bflm-hn-

\m¬ `cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

"a\p-jy¿ ssZh-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-

Ønepw kzcq-]-Ønepw krjvSn-°-s∏´p'

F∂p thZ-]p-kvXIw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\m¬ ssZhhpw ssZh-kr-jvSn-bmb a\p-

jy\pw XΩn¬ kmZr-iy-ap-≠v F∂v

hy‡-am-Wv. ssZh-sØ-t∏mse a\p-jy\v

kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw tkh\w sNøp-

hm\pw XymKw sNøp-hm\pw P∑-kn-≤-

amb kl-\hpw Ignhpw tijn-bp-ap-≠v.

a\p-jy≥ Ft∏mƒ, ssZh-tØmSv A\p-

k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn®v ]pd-sa-bp≈ a‰m-

cp-sSbpw F∂-√, ssZh-Øn-s‚-t]mepw

klm-b-an-√msX Cu qan-bn¬ Pohn°mw

F∂p hnNm-cn-®pthm B \nan-j-Øn¬

Ahs‚ hogvN D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ahs‚ ]X-\-Øn-\p -tijw ac-W-

Øn\p hn[n-°-s∏-Sp -Ibpw ssZh-an -

√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°p am‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

a\p -jy -Po -hn -X -Øns‚ D¤hw

ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂m-W-t√m. a\p-jy≥

C∂sØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

Ahs‚ kz¥w Ign-hp-sImt≠m ùXn-

Itam imkvXo-btam Bb ]Xn-`m-kw-

sImt≠m BsW∂v A\p-am-\n-°p-∂Xp-

Xs∂ kzmfl-h-©-\-bm-Wv.

Bflo-bXbpw aX-hn-izm-khpw

Bflo-bX F√m aX-Øn-s‚bpw

lrZ-b-am-Wv. CXv ]pcm-X-\-a-X-ß-fmb

lnµp-a-Xw, _p≤-a-Xw, amthm aXw XpS-

ßn-b-h-bnepw ImWmw. a\p-jys‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-amb Bflo-b-X-bn¬ aX-ßƒ

bqWn‰v c≠v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\

A≤ymbw H∂v

Bflo-bXHcp Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ho£Ww

26

XΩn¬ XΩn¬ _lp-am-\-kq-N-I-amb

]mc-kv]-cy-ap-≠v.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-Øn-sebpw

]mc-º-cy-Øn-sebpw Bflo-bX F∂Xv

a\p-jys\ ùXn-I-X-bp-sSbpw ]m]Øn-

s‚bpw Nß-eI-fn¬\n∂v tamNn-∏n®v

ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-K-ln-°-s∏´ kmZriy-

Øn-te°pw kzcq-]-Øn-te°pw hos≠-

Sp-°p∂ Hcp ÿnc-amb ]In-b-bm-Wv.

Kuc-h-ambn ]d-™m¬ BflobX

F∂Xv \Ω-n-ep≈ ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. Bflo-b-amb ]ptcm-

K-a\w Af-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ ]b-

Xv\w-sIm≠p amX-a-√. BXy-¥n-I-ambn

ssZh-Ir-]-sIm≠p amX-am-Wv hnip-≤n-

bn-te°pw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°pw \bn-°-

s∏-Sp-hm-\p-≈ BK-lhpw Xmev]-cyhpw

\ap-°p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Bflo-b-h-f¿®

ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-sW∂v hnNm-cn-°p-

∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. AtX-k-a-b-Øp-Xs∂

\ΩpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂p \nc-¥-chpw

Bflm¿∞-hp-amb Hcp-°hpw ]cn-i-ahpw

Ds≠-¶n¬ amXta Bflo-b-X-bpsS Db-

c-ß-fn-te°v ItaW Db-cp-hm\pw AXp-

hgn \mw ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤n-bn -

te°pw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°pw cq]m-¥-c-

s∏´v Db-cp-hm\pw km[y-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

Bflo-bXthZ-]p-kvX-I-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬

a\pjys‚ Bflo-b-amb Db¿®bv°v

hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ At\Iw hy‡-

amb DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw _nw_-ßfpw (im-ages) ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Dev]-Øn-

]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Ck-lm-°ns‚ ]pX-

\mb bmt°m_v kz]v\-Øn¬ kz¿§-

tØmfw Db¿∂p-\n-ev°p∂ Hcp tKmhWn

ImWp-∂p (Dev]Øn 28:12). Db-c-ß-fn-te-

°p≈ tKmhWn AXn-i-‡-amb Hcp

]Xn-_nw-_-am-Wv. ImcWw bmt°m_v

tKmh-Wn-bpsS G‰hpw Xmsg-bm-Wv.

F∂m¬ ssZhw kvt\l-tØmsS tKmh-

Wn-bpsS Db-c-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v

bmt°m-_n-t\mSv kwkm-cn-®p. B¿s°-

¶nepw tbip-hns\ A\p-K-an-°p-hm≥

BK-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬ B hy‡n Xs∂-

Øs∂ Dt]-£n®v Xs‚ Iqsi-SpØp

ssZhsØ A\p-K-an-°-W-sa∂p kphn-

ti-j-Øn¬ tbip-InkvXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

(hn.a-Øm. 10:38); 16:24- 28; hn.eqt°m. 14:27;

9:23-˛27; hn.a¿t°m. 8:34-˛35) Aßs\

hnizm-k-tØmsS A\p-K-an-®-h-sc-bmWv

tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m¿ F∂p hnfn-®-Xv.

hn. ]utemkv Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv "B

a\p-jy≥ ]dp-Zo-k-tbmfw FSp-°-s∏´p'

F∂mWv (2 tImcn. 12:3). Bflo-b-h-f¿®

kw_-‘n® i‡-amb Hcp ]cm-a¿i-

amWv CXv.

Xmt_m¿a-e-bnse cq]m-¥-co-I-c-W-

Ønse (hn.-a¿t°m. 9:2˛8; hn.-eq-t°m.

9:28-˛36; hn.-a-Øm. 17:1˛8) Hcp ][m\

Imcyw Xmt_m¿ ae-bn¬ adp-cq-]m-\p-`-

h-Øn¬ BXy-¥nI-amb ssZhn-I-Z¿i\w

e`n-°p∂p F∂Xp amX-a√ \Ω-fn¬

cq]m-¥-co-I-cWw D≠mbn ssZh-Øns‚

al-Xz-Ønepw ]Ir-Xn-bnepw ]¶m-fn-I-

fm-Ip∂p F∂-XmWv. ssZhm⁄ A\p-

k-cn®v tami ko\mbv]¿∆-X-Øn¬ Ibdn.

F∂m¬ Ahn-sS-\n∂v tami Xmsg Cd-

ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ahs‚ apJØv Aeu-In-

I-amb ]Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬

Ckm-tb¬ P\-Xbv°v B apJ-tØ°v

t\m°p-hm≥ km[n-®n-√. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈

_‘-Ønepw Ahs‚ Ir]-bnepw ]m]-

Øn¬-\n∂pw sX‰p-I-fn¬\n∂pw hnap-‡-

am-hpI F∂-Xm-Wv Bflo-b-X-sIm-≠p-t±-

in-°p∂ cq]m-¥-co-I-c-Ww.

ssIkvXh k\ym-k-]mcºcyhpw Bflo-b-Xbpw

sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ hfsc Ipd-®p-

t]¿t°m AYhm ]cn-ip-≤-∑m¿t°m

27

amXta Bflo-b-ambn Db-cm≥ km[n-°p-

I-bp≈p F∂Xv anYym-[m-c-W-bm-Wv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬, F√m a\p-jy-scbpw Cu

\nXy-amb cq]m-¥-co-I-cW ]In-b-bn-

te°pw Bflob-amb Db¿®-bn-te°pw

ssZhw hnfn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv

Hcp Znh-kw-sIm≠p t\Sm-hp-∂-X√;

]Xyp-X, \nc-¥-c-amb Hcp-°hpw F√m-

h-tcm-Sp-ap≈ hn\-bhpw Bfl-Xym-Khpw

\ncq-]m-[n-I-amb kvt\l-hp-sa√mw CXn-

\p-th-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p.

Bflobamb cq]m¥coIcWØns‚

\nXy-am-Xr-I-I-fmb "acp-`q-an-bnse ]nXm-

°fpw amXm-°fpw' \ΩpsS apºn¬ ImgvN

h-bv°p-∂Xv ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn ssZhsØ

A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm≠pw ssZhn-I-I-ev]-\-I-

fpsS kwK-l-amb "ssZhsØ kvt\ln-

°p-I, a\p-jysc kvt\ln-°pI' F∂nh

]mh¿Øn-I-am-°pI F∂-tX. hen-

bXpw A\p-kyq-X-hp-amb t¢im-\p- -h-ß-

fm-emWv Bflo-b-amb cq]m-¥-co-I-c-

Whpw hf¿®bpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah¿

km£y-Po-hnXw \bn-®-Xp-t]mse Hmtcm-

cp-Ø¿°pw ÿnc-amb kl\w A\n-hm-

cy-am-Wv. Bflo-b-h-f¿® ssZhsØ Hcp

\nan-jw-t]mepw ad-∂p-sIm≠p km[y-a√

F∂p amX-a-√, AXn\v ssZh-Ir] \nc-

¥-c-ambn e`y-am-°p-Ibpw thWw.

"acp- q-an-bpsS al¿jn' ]mc-º-cy-Øn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ k\ym-kn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS

Bflo-b-amb t]mcm-´-Øn¬ ]ptcm-K-

Xn°v Cu temI-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ "HmSn-

t∏m-I¬' Pohn-X-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

Bflob ]ptcm-K-Xn°p XS- -am-bn-cn-

°p∂ ][m\ ]iv\w "temI-'tØmSpw

"PU'tØmSpap≈ _‘-am-Wv. acp-`q-an-

bnse ]nXm-°-∑msc kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØmfw "temIw', "PUw' F∂o c≠p

hm°p-Ifpw kqNn-∏n-®Xv ssZh-Øn\pw

\∑-°p-sa-Xnsc a\p-jy-\n¬ ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ Bk-‡n-I-fm-Wv. Ah¿ Cu

temIw Dt]-£n-®Xv hy‡n-bpsS c£-

bv°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ adn-®v, F√m

\∑°pw FXn-cmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw

ssZh-sØbpw \∑-sbbpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-

∂-Xp-amb ss]im-Nn-I-Xsb tXmev]n-

°m-\m-Wv. Ah¿ ss]im-Nn-IXbvs°-

Xnsc ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Ifpw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bflo-b-X-bpsS

icn-bmb amXr-I-Iƒ ]q¿∆-Im-esØ

c‡-km-£n-Ifpw Bi-a-ß-fp-am-Wv.

Fß-s\bpw \sΩ tXmev]n-°m≥ _≤-

i-≤-cmbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ]m]-I-c-amb

Nn¥-Iƒs°-Xnsc Fßs\ apt∂-d-W-

sa∂v Ah¿ ]Tn -∏n -®p. Nne-t∏mƒ

ss]im-Nn-I-i-‡n-Iƒ "]Im-i-Øns‚

amem-Jam-cm'bn \nesIm-≈p-∂p. tbip-

hns\Øs∂ \mev]-Xp-Zn-h-ksØ D]-

hm-k-Øn-\p-tijw ]nimNv ]tem-`n-∏n-

°p-hm≥ ian®p. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kZm

PmK-X-tbmsS ian-s®-¶n¬ amXta

ss]im-NnI ]tem-`-\-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-

°p-hm≥ km[n-°q.

Bflobh-f¿®-°p≈am¿§ßƒ

]nimNnt\mSp≈ t]mcm´w Bflo-

b-amb hf¿®-bpsS Hcp Ahÿ amX-

am-Wv. Ah¿ hne-a-Xn-®n-cp∂ \∑-I-fn¬

][m\w hn\-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. AtX-k-abw

as‰√m \∑-Ifpw kzPo-hn-X-Øn¬ ]tbm-

Kn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. Bflob-

]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw ]t_m-[-\-

ßfpw Ahsc Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ coXn-bn-

ep≈ tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn -°p-hm\pw

DØcw Is≠-Øp-hm\pw ]tNm-Zn-∏n-®p.

Bflob Pohn-X-Øns‚ e£y-sa-¥mWv?

Cu e£y-Øn-se-Øp-hm-\p≈ D]m-[n-

Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv? e£y-Øn-se-

Øp-hm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂ Imcy-

28

ßƒ Gh-bmWv? GsX√mw Imcy-ß-

fmWv Bflob ]ptcm-K-Xn°v XS- -ambn

\n¬°p-∂Xv? Bflm-hns‚ ê-ßƒ

Gh-bmWv? Bflo-b-X-bpsS am¿§-Øn¬-

IqSn k©-cn-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw Cu

coXn-bn-ep≈ tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°m≥

CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw DØcw Is≠-Øp-

hm≥ Xev]-c-cp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-k-Øn¬

Bflo-b-X-bpsS hmXn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-°-

s∏-´-h¿°p amX-a√, Gh¿°p-ambn

Xpd∂p-In-S-°p-∂p. Bflob ]ptcm-KXn

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc Bflob PohnXw DW-

ßn-h-c-≠Xpw sas√ sas√ iXp-hn\v

IS-°p-hm≥ hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-

Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]m›m-Xy-ho-£-W-Øn¬

Bflo-b-hy-‡n-Xz-Øns‚ BXy-¥n-IX

"ssZhn-I-Z¿i\'Ønem-Wv. F∂m¬,

]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ

C°m-cy-Øn¬, hyXy-kvX-amb ho£-W-

amWv ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv. Bflo-b-]p-tcm-KXn

Ah-km-\-an-√mØ hf¿®-bm-sW-∂mWv

]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ho£-Ww.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hcp L´-Ønepw Bflo-

b-hy-‡nXz hf¿® "aXn-bmbn' F∂p

tXm∂p-I-bn-√. Ft∏mgpw ap≥t]m-´p≈

]bmWw \S-Øp-∂Xv "Bflob Akw-

Xr]vXn'tbmSp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cn-°pw. A\pkyq-

X-amb Cu cq]m-¥-co-I-cWw Bflob

A®-S-°-Øn\p klm-b-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Jesus PrayereuIn-I-Cºßfn¬\n-∂p≈ Cu

Hm´Øn\v \n»-_vZ-X, D]-hm-kw, t\mºv,

Bflo-b-hm-b-\, imco-cn-Im-≤zm-\w, a≤y-

ÿ-X, kzbw-]-cn-XymKw F∂nh th≠n-

bn-cn-°p∂ Bflo-bmym-k-ß-fmWv. Cu

Bflo-b-A-`ym-k-ßƒ \nc-¥-c-ambn

At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww. At∏m-kvX-

e-\mb ]utemkns‚ ""]m¿∞-\-bn¬

D‰n-cn-∏n≥'' (1 sX . 5:16) F∂ ]t_m-

[\w ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k\ym-

kn-Ifpw Xm]-k-∑mcpw Bflob ]nXm-

°-∑mcpw Kuc-h-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

Ahsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw e£y-Øn-

se-Øn-t®-cp-hm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w ‘JesusPrayer’ As√-¶n¬ "lrZ-b-Øns‚

]m¿∞\' Bh¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. CXv sNøp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ]m¿∞\ Hmtcm izmk-

tØmSpw lrZb-an-Sn-t∏mSpw Bh¿Øn-

°p-tºm-gmWv. tbip-th, ssZh-]pXm

alm-]m -]n -bmb Ft∂mSv IcpW

tXmt∂-Wta. CXv ]uckvXy k\ymkn-

am¿°v Hcp "]m¿∞\m a¥wXs∂'

Bbn-cp-∂p.

Bflo-b-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

Z¿i\w

]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Nn¥-

bn¬ Bflo-b-h-f¿®-bpsS AXy-¥nI

e£yw "Xntbm -knkv' As√-¶n¬

"ssZho-I-cW'amWv hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw

kaq-l-ß-fp-sSbpw ssZho-I-c-Whpw

ssZhn-I-kz- m-h-Øn-te-°p≈ hf¿®bv°v

Ir] B¿÷n-°-ep-amWv e£yw. kzX-

¥-ambn \∑ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ssZhnI-

km-Zr-iy-Øn-te-s°-Øp-hm≥ a\p-jy¿°v

a\ pw hnth-Ihpw \¬In-bn-´p -≠v.

CXmWv ssZho-I-c -W-Øn-te-°p≈

am¿§w. Bflo-b-X-bpsS BXy-¥n-I-e-

£y-ambn ]m›m-Xy-k-`-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n --

°p∂ "ssZhm-\p-I-cW'hpw "ssZhn-I-

Z¿i\'hpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Nn¥m-[m-c-

bnse ssZho-I-c-W-hp-am-bp≈ hyXymkw

ChnsS ]k-‡-am-Wv.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬, \sΩ krjvSn-®n-cn-

°p∂Xp-Xs∂ Bflo-b-cm-bm-Wv. AXn-

\m-emWv "ssZh-Øn¬ hni-an-°p-∂-Xp-

29

hsc \ap°p hni-a-an√' F∂v sk‚ v

AK-Ãn≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]mtbm-Kn-

I-ambn ]d-™m¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

ssIkvX-h-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ \mw Bflo-

bm-`ym-k-ß-fmb \n»-_vZX, Ipºn-Sn¬,

t\mºv, hmb-\, Xncp-h-N-\-[ym-\w, Bh-

iy-°m¿°pw Zcn-Z¿°pw Zm\w sImSp-

°¬ F∂nh Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xs∂ mK-

am-°-Ww. ssZh-Ir-]-sIm≠p amXta

euIn-I-X-bn¬\n∂v ssZho-I-c-W-Øns‚

A\p-K-ln-°-s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v \mw

\bn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. \mw FX-amXw

kzbw A®-S°w ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-

bmepw ssZh-Ir-]°v A\p-tbm-Py-cm-hp-

I-bn-√. ssZhw kvt\l-hm\pw Zbm-ephpw

Ir]\n-d-™-h-\p-am-I-bm¬ ssZh-Øns‚

Omb-bnepw kmZr-iy-Ønepw hos≠-Sp-

°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw X∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂p.

Ah-km-\-an -√mØ ]In-b-bmb

Bflo-b-h-f¿®-bpsS Bflmhv \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂Xv F√m Iev]-\-I-fp-sSbpw kmc-

amb ssZh-sØbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw

kvt\ln-°pI F∂-Xn-em-Wv. thZ-ß-

fpsS kmc-ambn D]-\n-j-Øp-Iƒ \ne-

sIm-≈p-∂-Xp-t]mse F√m Bflob

]hr-≤-X-bp-sSbpw Bflmhv Cu c≠p

Iev]-\-I-fn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. Xmt_m¿ ae-bnse kw`-h-Øns‚

]m[m\yw F¥v?

2. bmt°m-_ns‚ tKmhWn Z¿i\w

hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

3. Jesus Prayer F∂m-se¥v? AXv

Ft∏mgpw Dcp-hn-Sm≥ ian-°p-I.

4. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ssIkvX-h-sc∂

\ne-bn¬ \ΩpsS Bflob hf¿-

®bv°v klm-b-I-amb ]h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ Gh? biøm 58-˛mw A≤ymbw-

IqSn hmbn®v DØcw Xøm-dm-°p-I.

30

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv F∂ hm°ns‚

A¿∞w icn-bmb hni-zmkw icn-bmb

kvXpXn (i-cn-bmb Bcm-[-\) Fs∂-√m-

am-Wv. BZyIme-ß-fn¬ "kvXpXn sNm∆m-

°-s∏´' F∂m-bn-cp∂p Cu hm°v mjm-

¥cw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-I

-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-X-y-kvX-ambn kX-y-hn-izm-

khpw kX-y-B-cm-[-\bpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp∂

k` F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv ]uc-kvXy

kÌƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv F∂ t]cp

kzo-I-cn-®-Xv. kX-y-hn-izm-k-amWv kX-ym-

cm-[-\bv°v ASn-ÿm-\w; AYhm kX-y-

B-cm-[-\-bn¬ IqSn-bmWv kX-y-hn-i-zmkw

]I-Sam°s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂-XmWv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`m ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Z¿i\w.

AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

Bcm-[-\sb a‰p k`m-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS

Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-X-y-kvX-am-

°p∂ hfsc A[nIw ]tX-y-I-X-I-fp-≠v.

19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Ime-L-´-

Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬\n∂pw

]ncn-™p-t]mb am¿tØmΩm k`bpw

20- mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ ]ncn-

™p-t]mb ae-¶c doØp k`bpw Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\m-coXn Xs∂-bmWv

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

Bcm-[\ F∂Xv kz¿Khpw qanbpw

ktΩ-fn-°p∂ AXn-k-t¥m-j-I-c-amb

A\p-`-h-am-Wv. Bcm-[-\-bn¬, krjvSn

apgp-h≥ krjvSm-hn-¶-te°pw kz¿Ko-

bm\p -` -h -ß-fn -te°pw Bflm-hn¬

Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp -∂-tXm-sSm -∏w, kz¿K-

ÿ\mb ssZhw `qan -bn¬ a\p-j-y

-t\mSpw a‰p uanI hkvXp-°-tfmSpwIqsS

Xs‚ IqSmcw ÿm]n®v AXn¬ hkn®v

a\p-jy-\p-ambn kwk¿§w sNøp-∂p.

"CXm a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-IqsS ssZh-Øns‚

IqSmcw' F∂ shfn-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-

Ønse ]kvXm-h\ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv

Bcm-[-\sb kw_-‘n®v A\z¿∞-amWv

(shfn-∏mSv 21:3).

]mtZ-inI `mj

P\-ß-fpsS kPoh ]¶m-fnØw

Hm¿tØm-UmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bpsS ]tXy-

I-X-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k -Iƒ ]mtZ-inI mj-bmWv

Bcm-[-bv°p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏m-

kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS ImeØv ]me-kvXo-\n¬

Ad-amb `mj-bm-bn-cp∂p D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂-Xv. Pdp-i-tew, At¥ym-Iy F∂o

]´W-ß-fn¬ Ko°p-`m-jbn-em-bn-cp∂p

Bcm-[-\-sb-¶nepw Kma-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬-

\n∂p-≈-h¿°mbn ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Ad-

amb `mj-bn-te°v X¿÷na sNbvXn-

cp∂p. At¥-ym-J-bn¬ BZ-y-Im-e-ß-fn¬

Ko°v `mj-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Bcm-[-\-sb-

¶nepw Ko°ns‚ ]m[m-\yw Ipd-™-

t∏mƒ B-cm-[\m mj kpdn-bm\nbmbn.

At¥-ym-J-y≥ Bcm-[\ Iaw kzo-I-cn®

ae-¶-c-bnepw BZ-y-Im-e-ß-fn¬ kpdn-

bm\n-bm-bn-cp∂p D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ ItaW F√m ipiq-j-I-a-

ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v X¿÷na sNø-

A≤ymbw c≠v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bpsS]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ

31

s#s∏-´p. a‰p kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw k`

hym]I-am-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn hn. Ip¿∫m\

Dƒs∏-sS-bp-≈ ]e -ip-iq-j-Ifpw mcX-

Ønse a‰p `mj-I-fn-te°pw Ct∏mƒ

X¿÷na sNø-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn -°p-I-

bmWv. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Xan-gv, I∂-S,

sIm¶n-Wn, lnµn, Cw•ojv, P¿Ω≥

F∂o `mj-I-fn-ep≈ ]cn-`mj Ign™

Ac \q‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬ \S-∂p-I-gn-™p.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw kpdn-bm\n InkvX-ym\n

F∂ \nebn¬, kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn-ep-

≈ Nne ]Z-ßƒ \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\

-bpsS `mK-ambn Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n¬°p-

∂p-≠v.

P\-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw

Bcm[\bpsS aIpSamb hn.

Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ sshZn-I-

\p-]p-dta Ipd-™-]£w ipiq-j-I\pw,

hni-zm-kn-I-fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Hcmfpw

D≠m-bn -cn -°-W-sa -∂mWv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ]mc-º-c-yw. s]mXp

Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ F√m-hcpw

]t©-µnb-ßƒ sIm≠pw ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ Iao-I-c-W-amWv

Bcm-[-\-bn-ep-S-\o-f-ap-≈-Xv. \ΩpsS Bcm-

[-\-bn¬, ImWp-hm\pw (a-Zv_-lm-bp-

sSbpw, Awi-h-kvX-ß-fp-sSbpw Ae-¶m-

c-]-Wn-Iƒ) tIƒ°p-hm\pw (kw-Ko-Xw)

aW-°p-hm\pw (Ip-¥n-cn-°w) kv]¿in-°p-

hm\pw (ssI-ø-kvXq-cn) cpNn-°p-hm-\p-

ap≈ (hn. Ip¿∫m\) Ah-k-c-ß-fp-≠v.

F∂m¬ Kmb-I-kw-L-ß-fpsS Bhn¿`m-

h-tØmsS, hni-zm-kn-Iƒ shdpw Bk-zm-

Z-I-c-ambn amXw Bcm-[-\-bn¬ kw_-

‘n-°p∂ sX‰mb Hcp ]h-WX C∂v

h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. Bcm-[-\-bn¬ hnizm-

kn-Iƒ°v t\Xr-Xzw sImSp-°pI F∂Xp

amX-ambncn-°Ww KmbI kwL-ß-fpsS

e£yw. hni-zm-kn-I-fpsS Hcp-an-®p-≈ ]¶m-

fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-hm-\mWv Km\-cq-]-Øn-

ep-≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bcm-[-\-bn¬ IqSp-

X¬ Dƒs°m-≈n®n´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬

Km\-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈ Bcm-[-\m- m-KßfpsS

A¿∞w a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ hni-zm-kn-

Ifpw t\Xr-Xzw sImSp-°p∂ ]ptcm-ln-

Xcpw Iq´mbn ]h¿Øn-s®-¶nte lrZb-

kv]¿in-bmb Bcm[\ km[-y-am-Ip-I-

bp≈p.

Bcm[\hy‡ntIµo-Ir-X-a√

Hm¿ØtUmIvkv Bcm-[\-bn¬

hy‡n F∂-Xn-ep-]cn kaq-l-Øn-\mWv

][m-\-yw. k` H‰ kaq-l-am-bmWv

ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. \nßƒ Cu

hÆw ]m¿∞n-∏n≥ F∂p ]d-™p-

sIm≠v I¿Ømhv ]Tn-∏n® ]m¿∞\-

bmWv \mw amXr-I-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kz¿K-ÿ-\mb "Rß-fpsS' ]nXmth

F∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-hm-\mWv I¿Ømhv

]Tn-∏n-®-Xv. Rm≥, Fs‚, F\n°v F∂o

]tbm-K-ßƒ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-

\-bn¬ hfsc Npcp-°-am-Wv.

hni-zmk t_m[\wBcm-[-\-bn-eqsS

kXyhn-i-zmkw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm-\p-≈

G‰hpw ][m\ am[-yaw Bcm-[-\-bmWv

F∂-XmWv H¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]nXm-°-∑m-

cpsS Nn¥. Imc-Ww, _p≤n-]-c-ambn

Nn¥n-®v, bp‡n-k-l-ambn ]Tn-°p-hm-\p-

≈-X√ thZ-im-kvXw. Bcm-[-\-bn¬

]cn-ip-≤mflklm-b-Øn-emWv kX-y-hn-

i-zmkw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv. skZvdm, s]man-

tbm≥, KoX-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-se√mw

hnizm-k ]T\w Dƒs°m-≠n- p-s≠∂v a\-

n-em-°mw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "A¤p-Xamw

ê-taIpw hr£w ................' F∂ KoXw

i≤n-°p-I. I\-y-I-a-dn-bm-ans‚ I\ymXz-

32

Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h¿s°-

Xnsc FX i‡-am-bn-´mWv B KoXw

]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. s]¥n-t°mkvXnipiq-

j-bnse skZvdm-Iƒ XnX-z-hn-i-zm-k-

Øns‚ Bg-amb ]T-\hpw ]Im-i-\-hp-

am-Wv.

thZ-]p-kvXI `mK-ß-fm¬kº∂w

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\ hn. thZ-

]p -kvX-I-`m -K-ß-fm¬ kº-∂-amWv

F∂v \mw t\csØ I≠p. (bq-Wn-‰v 1,

A≤ymbw 4) i≤-tbm-sSbpw GIm-KX-

tbm-sSbpw Bcm-[-\-bn¬ kw_-‘n-

®m¬ amXta B Imcyw a\- n-em-Ip-I-

bp-≈p. kX-y-hn-izmkw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xp-

t]mse Xs∂, hn. thZ-]p-kvXIw [ym\n-

°p-hm\pw Bcm[\ Xs∂-bmWv hn. k`

]›m-Ø-e-am-°n-bn-cn -°p-∂Xv. ]ga

hmb\, «olm hmb-\, Gh≥tK-en-

tbm≥ hmb\ F∂nh \ΩpsS Bcm-[-

\-bpsS `mK-ß-fm-Wv. hf-sc-b-[nIw

k¶o¿Ø\ mK-ßfmWv Htcm \a-kvIm-

c-Ønepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂-Xv.

CXn\pw ]pdta ]e KoX-ß-fnepw

]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw thZ-]p-kvX-I- m-K-ßƒ

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-≠v. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

Bcm-[-\-bn¬ hfsc ]m[m-\-y-ap-≈

Ip°n-en-tbm≥ F∂ ]m¿∞\mNIw

Ft∏mgpw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv Hcp k¶o¿-

Ø\w ]mSn-sIm-≠m-Wv. [ym-\-]q¿∆w

Bcm-[ -\ -bn¬ kw_-‘n-°p -∂-h¿

\ΩpsS ]q¿∆ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS thZ-

]pkvXI ]mfin-X-y-sØ-°p-dn®v A¤p-

X-s∏Spw F∂-Xn\p kwi-b-an-√.

a≤-yÿ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

kz¥ Bh-i-y -ßƒ°v Du∂¬

sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂Xn-t\m-sSm∏w, a‰p-

≈-h¿°v th≠n-bp-≈ ]m¿∞-\bv°p

][m-\yw sImSp-°p-hm\pw Bcm-[-\-bn¬

\mw ]tX-yIw i≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. c≠p

coXn-bn-ep-≈ a≤-y-ÿ-]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

\ΩpsS Bcm-[-\-bn-ep-≠v a‰p-≈-h¿°v

th≠n \mw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p, hnip-≤-∑m-

cpsS a≤y-ÿ-X-bn¬ \mw A`bw ]m]n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Pohn®ncn-°p-∂-

h¿°v th≠nbpw hmßn-t∏m-b-h¿°p

th≠n-bp-ap-≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bcm-[-\-

bn¬ kar-≤-am-Wv. Xp_vtZ≥ F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp∂ a≤-yÿ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ DZm-l-

c-W-am-Wv. [q] ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ F∂

t]cn-ep-≈ KoX-ßƒ a≤-yÿ ]m¿∞-

\-I-fm-Wv. ChnsS amXm-hns‚bpw ]cn-

ip≤∑mcp-sSbpw a≤-y-ÿ-X-bn¬ \mw

A`bw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw Ahscbpw a‰p

hmßn-t∏m-b-h-scbpw ssZh-ap-ºmsI

Hm¿°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. hn. Ip¿∫m-

\-bnse Hcp° ipiq-j-bnse Hcp

]m¿∞\ it≤-b-am-Wv. "..........Rß-fpsS

apºmsI h®n-cn-°p∂ Cu kvtXmX-

_en aqew Rß-fpsS ]nXm-hmb BZm-

an-s\bpw, amXm-hmb l∆m-tb-bpw, ssZh-

am-Xm-hmb hn. adn-bm-an-s\bpw, Zo¿L-

Z¿in-am-scbpw «ol-∑m-sc-bpw.........F√m-

h-scbpw Rßƒ Hm¿°pw.'

]pcm-X\Imew apX¬t° ]m¿∞-

\-sb-∂m¬ kz¥w Bh-i-y-Øn-\p-th≠n

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw B\p-Iq-e-y-ßƒ

bmNn-°p-I-bmWv F∂ sX‰mb Hcp

Nn¥m-[mc \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. Cu [mcW

Xo¿Øpw Xncp-Øp-∂-XmWv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈]m¿∞\

kI-e-sØbpw Pohn -∏n -°p∂

I¿Øm-hmb ]cn-ip≤mflm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈

]m¿∞\ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-bpsS

][m\ LS-I-am-Wv. kI-e-tØbpw Pohn-

∏n-°p-∂Xpw kI-ehpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-

33

∂Xpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWv F∂-XmWv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv thZ-im-kvXw. AXp-

sIm-≠m-Wv, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈

]m¿∞-\bv°v CXbpw ]m[m-\yw

\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hn. Ip¿∫m-\, hn.

amtam-Zn-km, ]´w-sIm-S, aqtdm≥ IqZmi

F∂o I¿Ω-ß-fn -¬ ]tX-y -I-ambn

]cnip-≤m-flm-hns\ hnfn®p sIm≠p-≈

]m¿∞-\-bp-≠v. (tIm-bvsØmZv dqtlm)

F√m Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw ipiq-j°m-

c≥ Ah-k-c-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yw P\-sØ

hnfn-®-dn-bn-°pw. (Fs‚ hm’-e-y-ap-≈-

hsc Poh-\p-≈ ]cn-ip≤ dqlm................)

IqZm-i-bn¬ h∂m-h-kn-°p∂ ]cn-ip≤

dqlm. \Ωnepw h∂m-h-kn®v hgn \S-

Øphm≥ ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v \n¬°pI

F∂-XmWv Htcm hni-zm-kn-bp-sSbpw

ISa.

sF°-Wp-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw

Bcm-[-\-bn¬ hnip-≤cpw hmßn-

t∏mb hnizm-kn-Ifpw \tΩm-sSm-Øp≠v

F∂p kqNn-∏n -°p-hm≥ hnip-≤-∑m-

cpsS NnX-ßƒ Bcm-[-\m-ÿ-eØp

hbv°p∂ ]Xnhv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

bn-ep-≠v. shdpw NnX-ß-tf-°m-fp-]cn

thZim-kvX-k-Xy-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p∂

sF°-Wp-I-fmWv IqSp-X¬ A¿∞-h-Øm-

bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]¥≠pw ]Xn-aq∂pw iX-I-

ß-fn-emWv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-

bn¬ sF°-Wp-Iƒ°p ][m\ ÿm\w

e`n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. cN-\bv°v

]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw D]-hm-k-Øn-s‚bpw

kºq¿Æ in£Ww thW-sa-∂p-≈-Xp-

sIm≠v sF°¨ NnX-Im-c-∑m-c-[n-Ihpw

k\ym-kn-am-cm-Wv. AKm-[-amb B¥-cnI

B≤ym-fln-I-in-£-W-tØmsS Iem-k-t¶-

X-ßsf \nb-¥n-®p-sIm-≠mWv sF°-

Wp-Iƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xv. sF°-Wp-Iƒ°v

ssZh-h-N-\-tØm-sSm-∏-ap≈ ]m[m-\y-

amWv k` \evIp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS Nne tZhm-

e-b-ß-fnepw Zb-dm-I-fnepw sF°-Wp-

Iƒ°v ]m[m\yw \evIp-∂p-≠v. F¶nepw

sF°-Wp-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw k`-bn¬

hym]-I-am-bn-ń-√. ]Icw `nØn-bn¬

Xqßp∂ km[m-cW NnX-ß-fmWv ]e-

bn-SØpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \ne-hn-ep≈

sF°-Wp-I-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw Ko°v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bp-tS-XmWv F∂Xv

]tXyIw i≤n-°p-I.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-t_m[w \evIp∂Bcm-[\

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bnse

ipiq-j-I-fn¬ P\-ßƒ°v ]cn-ÿn-Xn-

t_m[w \evIp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ KoX-

ßfpw skZ-dm-Ifpw k¶o¿Ø-\-`m-K-

ßfpw kpe- -am-Wv. C∂v F√m k -Ifpw

]cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v N¿® sNøp-Ibpw

]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn \S-

]SnIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-dp-≠v.

F∂m¬ Bcm-[-\-bpsS A¥-co-£-Øn-

eqsS ]cn-ÿn-Xn-tbmSv B`n-apJyw D≠m-

°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS ]nXm-°-∑m¿ BZn-ap-

X¬ i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. qan, BIm-iw, hmbp,

sh≈w hr£-e-Xm-Zn -Iƒ XpS-ßn-b

-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw \Ωp°v Bcm-

[-\-bn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw ImWp-hm≥ Ign-

bpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "EPp-a-Xn-Iƒ°n-

cpfn≥ ZypXn-bp-f-hmbn' F∂ KoXw

t\m°p-I.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bn¬kwKo-X-Øn-\p-≈ ]m[m-\yw

\ΩpsS Bcm -[ -\ - I -a -ß-fpsS

aqe`mj kpdn-bm-\n-bm-Wv. At¥-ym-

I-y≥ k`m_‘-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-apºv

I¬Zmb kpdn -bm\nbnem -bn -cp∂p

Bcm[\. kpdn-bm\n `mj s]mXpth

Xs∂ kwKo-Xm-fl-I-am-Wv. Cu khn-

34

tijX Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\-bn¬

\nd™p \n¬°p-∂p-≠v. hf-sc-b-[nIw

Imhy `mK-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØnbn-cn-°p-∂-

Xp-sIm≠v ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°p-≈ `mK-

`m-KnØhpw Bk-zm-Z\hpw h¿≤n°pw

F∂p-X-s∂-b√ tIƒhn-°m-¿°v a\-

kn\v Ipfn¿Ω \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. ]e

kpdn-bm\n cmK-ßfpw Imem-Xo-X-am-Wv.

kpdn-bm\n cmK-Øn-ep-≈ KoX-ßƒ

\ΩpsS Bcm-[-\sb a‰p InkvXob

Bcm-[-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-X-y-kvX-am-

°p∂p. Bcm-[-\bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

_lp-`q-cn]£w Km\-ßfpw F´p cmK-

ß-fn¬ ]mSm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Htc cmKw

Xs∂ F√m Znh-khpw tIƒ°p-∂Xv

Atcm-N-I-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\mWv ]nXm-

°-∑m¿ Aßs\ Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

Cu cmK-IaoI-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\

]am-W-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pkvX-

IsØ "F°mdm' F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

F°md F∂-Xn\v "ASn-ÿm\w' F∂m-

W¿∞w.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

Ip°n-en-tbm-\p-I-fnse k¶o¿Ø-\-

ßƒ I≠p ]nSn-°pI.

2. "\¬IpI \s∑mgn am\-k-ta.....................'

F∂, tamXncw hmgvhns‚ ipiq-j-

bpsS Km\hpw 45˛mw k¶o¿Ø\w

H∂v apX¬ aq∂v hsc-bp-≈ hmI-y-

ßfpw Xmc-X-a-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

3. \ΩpsS Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]cn-l-cn-°-

s∏tS≠ Ipd-hp-I-sf-°p-dn®v N¿®

sNøpI.

4. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[ -\ -bn¬

a≤yÿ-]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°p≈ ÿm\w

hy‡-am-°pI.

5. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-

t\m-Sp≈ ]m¿∞-\m- m-K-ßƒ Is≠-

Øp-I.

XpS¿ hmb-\bv°v

1. Bflm-hnepw kX-y-Ønepw ˛ ^m.

tUm. _n. h¿Kokv

2. kzm-X-¥-y-Zo]vXn ˛ tUm. ]utemkv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv

3. hn. Ip¿∫m\ ˛ Hcp [ym-\m-fl-I

-]T\w ˛ _nj∏v F®v. s]-°≥ lmw

hm¬jv

4. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS [ym-\-]-T\w ˛

amX-ypkv am¿ _¿W-_m-kv

35

Bcm-[\ BZ-y-a-\p-j-ys‚ Imew apX¬

Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\-bpsS aIp-

S-amb _enbpw A∂p apX¬ Xs∂ D≠v.

F∂m¬ \nb-X-amb Bcm-[-\-Ia-ßƒ

BZn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tKmX-Ø-e-

h∑m¿ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Bcm-

[-\Iƒ \S-Øn-h-∂p. F∂m¬ tami-

bpsS Ime-am-b-t∏m-tg-bv°pw btlm-h-

bmb ssZh-Øns‚ I¬∏\ ]Imcw

]tX-yI ]ptcm-lnX ÿm\n-Ifpw, Bcm-

[-\bv°v \n¿±njvS Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw

D≠mbn. item-tams‚ Ime-ambt∏m-

tg°pw ssZhm-e-bhpw h¿Æ-∏-In-´m¿∂

Bcm-[\mkº-Zm-b-ßfpw cq]o-Ir-X-

ambn. InkvXob k` cq]w sIm≠-t∏mƒ

blq-Z-k-`-bpsS Bcm-[\mcoXn-I-fpsS

kzm-[o\w InkvXob Bcm-[-\-bn¬

D≠m-bXv kz-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. InkvXo-b-k-

`-I-fpsS F√mw amXm-hmb bcp-i-te-an-

emWv Bcm-[\mIa-ßƒ Ah-bpsS

_me-Z-i-bn¬ cq]w sIm≠-Xv. k` temI-

Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn-te°pw hym]n-®-

t∏mƒ AXXp ÿe-ß-fnse kwkv°m-

chpw ]mc-º-c-yhpw Dƒs°m≠v k`m

Pohn-Xhpw Bcm-[-\-I-a-ßfpw hnI-kn®p-

sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-bnse Bcm-[-\-Iaw

ae-¶-c-bn¬ t]m¿´p-Kokv BK-a-\-

Øn-\p-apºv \ne-hn-en-cp∂ Bcm-[-\-I-a-

sØ-°p-dn®v sXfn-hp -I-sfm-∂p-an -√.

A∂sØ tZiob k`-bpsS Bcm-[-\-

bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m KŸ-ßfpw

DZbw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kn-t\m-S-\p-_-

‘n®v \in-∏n-°-s∏´p F∂Xv Ncn-X-

Øns‚ `mK-amWv. Iq\≥Ip-cnip kX-y-

Øn-\p-tijw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpambn

tbmPn-°msX, kz-X-¥-cmbn \n∂ ae-

¶c k`mw-K-ßƒ ]utcm-ln-X-y-_-‘-Øn-

\p-th≠n hntZ-i-Øp-≈ ]e k`m tIµ-

ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-hm≥ ian-®p-sh-

¶nepw HSp-hn¬ At¥-ym-J-y≥ k`-bp-am-

bp-≈ _‘-Øn¬ hcn-Ibpw ]›m-X-y-

kp-dn-bm\n Bcm-[\-Iaw ae-¶-c-bn¬

hym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Bcm-

[-\m-I-a-Ønse an°-hmdpw F√m `mK-

ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v X¿÷na sNø-

s∏´p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. F¶n-epw, Bcm-

[\I-aØns‚ cq]hpw D≈-S-°hpw

]m›mXy kpdn-bm-\n-bnse Bcm-[\

Ia-Ønt‚XpXs∂-bmWv. AXp-sIm≠v

kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnse Nne kmt¶-XnI

]Z-ßƒ C∂pw hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ D]-

tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂pap-≠v.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[\ Ia-

Øn¬, Bcm[\-bpsS aIpSw hn.

Ip¿∫m\ Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Znh-k-

Øns‚ \n›nX ka-b-ß-fn¬ \S-

tØ≠ \n¿±njvS \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ hnizm-

kn-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw A\p-jvTn-°-Ww.

bma-]m¿∞-\-Iƒ

]m¿∞\-Iƒ GXp ka-bhpw \S-

Øm-sa-¶nepw Znhkw Ggp t\c-ß-fn¬

A≤ymbw aq∂v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\m-Iaw

36

(bm-a-ß-fn¬) ]m¿∞n-°pI F∂Xv Hcp

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkpIm-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØmfw \n¿∫-‘-am-Wv. Cu Ggp

t\csØ \a-kvImcw km[m-c-W-°m¿°v

c≠p t\c-ambn \S-Øp-hm≥ k` A\p-

h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. ]uckvXy ]mc-º-cyØn¬

Znhkw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv k‘y-bn-em-Wv.

k‘-y, kqØm-d, ]mXn-cm-Xn, ]`m-Xw,

aq∂mw aWn, Bdmw aWn (D-®), HºXmw-

aWn F∂n-h-bmWv Fgp bma-ßƒ.

CXn¬ HºXmw aWn, k‘y, kqØmd

F∂o bma-ß-fnse \a-kvImcw sshIp-

t∂-chpw _m°n ]`m-X-Ønepw \SØp-

hm≥ k` \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Fgp bma-

ßƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ IjvSm-\p-`-h-Ønse

hnhn[ L´-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏Sp-Øm-

dp≠v. F∂m¬ Ggp t\cw ]m¿∞n-

°p∂ coXn ]gb \nba Imew apX¬-

s° D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v k¶o¿-Ø\-

ßfn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. "\ns‚

\oXn-bp-≈ hn[n-Iƒ \nanØw Rm≥

Znhkw, Ggp ]mh-iyw \ns∂ kvXpXn-

°p-∂p. F∂p ZmhoZv ]d-bp-∂p≠v. (k¶o

119:164) Ggp bma-ß-fnse ]m¿∞\

henb t\mºnepw aq∂p t\mºnepw

aq∂p t\c-am-bn´v \S-Øp∂ ]Xn-hmWp-

≈Xv. hen-b-t\m-ºnse i\n, Rmb¿

Znh-k-ß-fn¬ km[m-cW \a-kvIm-cw-

Xs∂-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xv.

]m¿∞-\-bnse Inb-Iƒ

]m¿∞-\-bn¬ Bflmhpw ico-chpw

a\kpw Hcp -an -®mWv kw_-‘n-°p-

∂-Xv. "th≠pwt]mse ]m¿∞n-t°-≠Xv

Fs¥∂v \mw Adn-bp-∂n√ Bflmhp

Xs∂ D®-cn-®p-Iq-SmØ Rc-°-ß-fm¬

\ap°v th≠n ]£-hmZw sNøp-∂p.'

(tdm-a¿ 8:26) a\kv GIm-K-X-tbmsS

ssZh-hp-ambn kwk¿Kw ]pe¿Øp∂

ka-b-am-Wt√m ]m¿∞-\. F∂m¬

]uc-kvXy ]mc-º-c-y-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ico-

chpw Bcm-[-\bpsS mK- m-°mIp-IbmWv.

\ΩpsS FXp \a-kvIm-chpw Bcw-

`n-°p-∂Xv Iua sNm√n-sIm-≠m-Wv. Iua

F∂ hm°n\v \nev]v F∂m-W¿∞w.

\n∂p-sIm≠v sNm√p∂ ]m¿∞-\-bm-b-

Xp-sIm≠mWv AXn\v Iua F∂v t]cp

h∂-Xv. F√m ]m¿∞-\bpw ssZh-ap-

ºmsI Fgp-t∂‰p \n∂v sNm√p∂XmWv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv coXn.

Ipcn -ip-h-c-bv°p-∂Xpw Ipºn-Sp -

∂Xpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bnse

][m\ Awiß-fm-Wv (]p-d. 4:31; 12:27).

Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw amdm-\mb s]cp-

\mfpI-fnepw, Db¿∏v apX¬ s]¥n-

t°mkvXn hsc-bp-≈ Znh-k-ß-fnepw

HgnsI Ipºn-tS≠ ka-bØv Ipºn´v

]m¿∞n-°Ww F∂-XmWv k`bpsS

\njvI¿j. aq∂v t\mºnepw henb

t\mºnepw D® \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ Ah-

km\w \m¬∏Xv Ipºn-Sp∂ coXn-bn-

emWv Bcm-[-\-Iaw cq]-s∏-Sp -Øn-

bncn°p-∂-Xv. Ipdn-tb-em-bn-tkm≥ F∂v

sNm√n -sIm≠v ]Øpw, Rß-fpsS

I¿Ømth Rß-tfmSp IcpW sNø-

Wta F∂v sNm√n ]Øpw, Rß-fpsS

I¿Ømth Ir]-bp-≠mbn Rß-tfmsS

IcpW sNø-Wta F∂v sNm√n ]Øpw,

Rß-fpsS I¿Ømth DØ-c-a -cpfn

sNbvXv Rß-tfmSp IcpW sNø-Wta

F∂v sNm√n ]Øpw Ipºn-Sp-∂p. hn.

Ip¿∫m\ A\p-`-hn® Znh-k-ß-fn¬

k‘-y-hsc Ipºn-Sm-dn-√.

Bcm-[-\-bpsS \n¿ΩmWLSI--ßƒ

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse GXv

Bcm-[-\bpw XpS-ßp-∂Xv XnX-z-kvXp-Xn-

37

tbmsS Bbn-cn-°pw. ]´-°m-c≥ k∂n-

ln-X-\m-sW-¶n¬ km[m-cW "]nXm-

hn\pw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip-≤-dq-lmbv°pw

kvXpXn' F∂¿∞-ap-≈ "ip_-tlm-

emt_m De-s_m-he dqtlm ImZotim'

F∂p kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-

bn-cn°pw \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ XpS-ßp-I.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ GXp \akvImchpw

Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xpw

Iua sNm√n-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Bcm-[-

\-bpsS s\Spw-Xp-Wq-I-fmb Iuabpw

hni-zmk ]am-Whpw Hcp Bcm-[-\-bnepw

Hm¿ØtUmIvkv k` Hgn-hm-°pIbn-√.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Xncp-h-N\ hmb\

F√m ipiq-j-bp-sSbpw mKam-bn-cn-°pw.

aq∂v ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈ ]gb

\nba hmb\ Dƒs∏sS Bdp thZ

]pkvX-I-`m-K-ßƒ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬

hmbn-°p∂ coXn Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv Bcm-

[-\-bpsS amXw ]tX-y-I-X-bm-Wv.

\a-kvIm-c-ß-fnepw ipiq-j-I-fnepw

BZyw sNm√p∂, ]m¿∞\ F∂¿∞-

ap≈ kvfqtkm, BapJw F∂¿∞-ap-≈

]pan-tbm≥, \nc-\n-c-bmb ]m¿∞\

F∂¿∞-ap-≈ skZdm, ]m]-]-cn-lmc

]m¿∞\ F∂¿∞-ap-≈ lqtkmtbm,

[q]-]m¿∞\ F∂¿∞-ap-≈ FtXm,

kam-]\w F∂¿∞-ap-≈ lqtØmtam

Ch-sb√mw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-

I-a-Ønse LS-I-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-bn¬

lqtØmtam amXta Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw

KoX-ambn sNm√m-dp-≈p.

Ip°nen-tbm≥

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\m-I-a-

Øn¬ hfsc kzm-[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-

´p≈ Hcp Bcm-[\m Iao-I-c-W-amWv

Ip°nen-tbm-\p-Iƒ. ]m¿∞\m NIw

F∂mWv hm°ns‚ A¿∞w. F√m

Ip°n-en -tbm\pw XpS -ßp∂Xv Hcp

k¶o¿Ø-\- m-K-tØm-sS-bmWv. AXns‚

HSp-hn¬ XnX-z-kvXp-Xn-bp-≠mIpw (ip-_-

tlm.............. sa\-Hm-ew.............)- ]n-∂o-Sp-≈

`mK-Øn\v FIvt_m F∂p ]dbpw. (]Sn,

sÃ∏v F∂mWv hm°n-\¿∞w) FIvt_m

Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv \mw \√-hÆw \n¬-

°Ww F∂¿∞ap-≈ kvXusa≥Im-

temkv ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv. hn]p-e-amb

Ip°n-en-tbm-\n¬ ChnsS s]man-tbm≥

hmbn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv kvXusa≥Im-

ekv F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂p-≈Xv

tImtem-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp∂ ]m´p-I

-fmWv. Htc eb-Øn-ep-≈ ct≠m AXn-

e-[n-Itam ]m´p-I-fpsS Hcp Iq´-am-Wn-Xv.

CSbv°v XnX-z-kvXpXn D≠m-Ipw. samdn-

tbm-dmtlw tasse\q BZmss-d≥

(I¿Ømth IcpW sNbvXv Rßsf

klm-bn-°-W-ta) ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv

tImtemIƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv ImcWw

ChnsS [q]-]m¿∞-bpsS Ahk-c-

am-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw Hcp t_mhqtkm

(At]£) sNm√n Ip°n-en-tbm≥ Ah-

km-\n-∏n-°pw. Cu Iao-I-c-W-Øn-ep-≈

hf-sc-b-[nIw Bcm-[-\-Iƒ k`-bn¬

D≠v. F∂m¬ ssZh-amXmhv, ]cn-ip-≤-

∑m¿, hmßn-t∏mb ]´-°m¿, ]tc-X¿,

…o_m F∂o \ma-ß-fn-ep-≈ Ip°n-en-

tbm-\p-Iƒ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bnepw a‰pw

\mw km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂p≠v. amtam-Znkm, hnhm-lw, `h\

IqZmi XpS-ßnb Bcm-[-\-I-a-ß-fn-

se√mw Ip°n-en-tbms‚ km∂n-≤yw

ImWmw.

km[m-cW \a-kvImcw

`h-\-ß-fn¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ F√m-

hcpw Hcp-an-®p-IqSn cmhn-sebpw sshIn´pw

\a-kvImcw \S-tØ-≠Xv Hm¿Ø-tUm-

38

Ivkv `h-\-ßsf kw_-‘n®v \n¿_-‘-

am-sW∂v k` A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p. CXn-

\p-th≠n IpSpw-_m-cm[-\m-Iaw F∂

eLp-]p-kvXIw kp∂-l-tZmkv AwKo-

Icn®p ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. CXn¬

HºXmw aWn, k‘-y, kqØmdm F∂o

bma-ß-fnse ]m¿∞\ k‘-ybv°pw

cmXn ]`m-Xw, aq∂mw aWn, D® F∂o

bma-ß-fnse ]m¿∞\Iƒ ]`m-X-Øn-

ep-amWv Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `h-\-ß-

fn¬ ]m¿∞-\-bv°mbn "]mºm-°pS \a-

kvIm-c-Iaw' D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-hcpw Ch

c≠p-a-√msX "]gb \a-kvIm-cIaw' D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-hcpw k -bn-ep-≠v. Ch-bn¬

GXp Iaw D]-tbm-Kn-®mepw IpSpw-_-

]m¿∞\ IrXy-ambpw k`m-N- -°q-Sp-Iƒ

A\p-k-cn®pw \S-°Ww F∂Xv \n¿_-

‘-am-Wv. F∂m¬ skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw

Zbdm-I-fnepw a‰pw km[m-cW \a-kvImcw

(ivloam \a-kvIm-cw) F∂ Ia-amWv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂-Xv. CXn¬ Htcm Znh-k-

sØbpw ]m¿∞\mhnjbw Znh-k-

Øns‚ ]m[m-\-y-a-\p-k-cn®v hy-X-y-kvX-

am-bn-cn-°pw. Rmb-dmgvN I¿Øm-hns‚

Dbn¿∏v (Iyw-Xm) kvacn-°p∂ Znh-k-

amWv. Xn¶-fm-gvNbpw sNm∆m-gvNbpw A\p-

Xm-]-Øns‚ Znh-k-ß-fm-Wv. _p[-\mgvN

ssZh-am-Xm-hns\ kvacn-°p∂ Znh-k-

amWv. (ivloam \a-kvIm-c-Ønse _p[-

\mgvN \a-kvImc-amWv \mw Rmb-dm-gvN-

I-fn¬ …o_m \a-kvIm-c-ambn D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂-Xv) «ol-∑mscbpw aev]m≥am-

scbpw F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-am-scbpw Hm¿-

°p∂ Znh-k-amWv hymgw. sh≈n-bmgvN

I¿Øm-hns‚ IjvSm-\p- hw kvacn-°p∂

Znh-k-am-Wv. i\n-bmgvN kIe hmßn-

t∏m-b-h-scbpw Hm¿°p∂ Znh-khpw.

henb t\mºnepw aq∂p t\mºnepw

lmim BgvN-bnepw D≈ \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ

km[m-cW \a-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

hyX-y-kvX-am-Wv.

[q]-]m¿∞\

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-I-a -

Ønse Hcp Ahn-`m -P-y -L-S -I-amWv

[q]m¿∏-Ww. bma-]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw

hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bnepw CXc IqZm-im-\p-

jvTm\-ß-fnepw [q]-Øn\v ][m-\-s∏´

ÿm\-ap-≠v. ]gb \nb-a-Im-esØ Bcm-

[-\-bn¬ [q]m¿∏-W-Øn\v hfsc ]m[m-

\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-Øn¬

[q]m¿∏-W-Øn-\mbn ]tX-yIw [q]-

]oTw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (]p-d-∏mSv 30:1˛10)

shfn-]mSv ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ [q]m¿∏Ww

kw_-‘n®v hf-sc-b-[nIw kqN-\-I-

fp≠v. ]pXnb bnkm-tb-em-Ip∂ k`-

bpsS ]m¿∞\ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ [q]-h¿Kw \nd™

s]m≥I-e-i-am-sW∂v hn. tbml-∂m≥

]d-bp∂p (sh-fn-∏mSv 5:8). [q]m¿∏Ww

ssZh-Øn\v apºm-sI-bp-≈ kºq¿Æ

ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ AS-bmfw IqSn-bm-Wv.

[q]-Øns‚ kpK-‘-Øm¬ ssZhm-ebw

\nd-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse hni-zm-kn-I-fpsS

PohnXw kvt\lhpw \∑bpw sIm≠p

\nd-bWw F∂ Hcp ]Xo-Im-flI

A¿∞w IqSn [q]-Øn-\p-≠v. bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ [q]w A¥-co-£-Ønse Zp¿K-

‘hpw amen-\-y-ßfpw \n¿Ωm¿÷\w

sNøp-∂p-≠v. k -bpsS Bcm-[-\-bn-eqsS

ÿe-Im-e-ßƒ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xns‚ ]XoIw IqSn-bmWv [q]w.

]h¿Ø\ßƒ

1. k¨tU-kvIqƒ Ipń-I-fpsS CS-bn-ep-

≈ Hcp kmw]nƒ k¿t∆bn-eqsS CS-

h-I-bn¬ FX iX-am\w h-\-ß-fn¬

cmhn-sebpw sshIn´pw IpSpw-_-

39

]m¿∞\ D≠v F∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-

°pI.

2. [q]-°p-‰n-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fpsS

A¿∞w ]T\ hnt[-b-am-°p-I.

3. ih-kw-k-vImc ipiq-j-bnse Ip°n-

en-tbm-\n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ k¶o¿-

Ø\ `mK-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI.

4. `h-\-ß-fn¬ cmhn-sebpw sshIn´pw

\S-tØ≠ \a-kv°m-c-sØ-∏‰n Hcp

eLp hnh-cWw Xøm-dm-°p-I.

5. ]m¿∞-\-bv°p≈ Ggp bma-ßfpw

Ah-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw hni-Z-am-

°p-I.

XpS¿hm-b-\bv°v1. ipiqjm kwhn-[m\w bqlm-t\m≥

am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv

2. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Bcm-[-

\bpw BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\-ßfpw ˛

tPmk^v am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkv

3. A∫m ]nXmth dh. m. tUm. _n

h¿Kokv

4. Bcm-[-\-bpsS aIp-S-amb hn. Ip¿∫m-

\-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈ hni-Z-amb ]T\-

Øn\v amXyqkv am¿ _¿∂-_mkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS "hn. Ip¿∫m-\ Hcp

[ym\-]-T\w' F∂ ]pkvXIw D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-I.

40

hy -‡n -I -fmbpw IpSpw -_-ambpw

ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w

Xs∂ s]mXp-hmb Bcm-[-\bv°pw

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bn¬ henb ]m[m-

\-y-am-Wp-≈-Xv. k`mw-K-ßƒ F√m-hcpw

Hcp-an®v tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ HØp-IqSn Hcp

a\-t msS ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-

\p-≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ FXbpw h¿≤n-°p-

∂pthm AXbpw A\p-K-l-I-c-am-Wv

F∂ ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Nn¥-bmWv k`-

bn¬ s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ°p ]m[m-\yw

h¿≤n-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-am-°n-b-Xv. ]g-b-

\n-b-a-Im-eØv btlmhbmb ssZh-

Øns‚ I¬∏\ A\p-k-cn®p Xs∂

At\Iw s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ blq-Z-P-\-ßƒ

BN-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ henb s]cp-

∂m-fp-I-fmb s]k-l, s]¥n-t°m-kvXn,

IqSm-c-s∏-cp-∂m-ƒ F∂o s]cp-∂m-fp-I-

fn¬ blq-Z-∑m¿ bcp-itew tZhm-e-b-

Øn¬ Hcpan®v IqSn Bcm-[n®ncp-∂p.

s]cp -∂mƒ F∂ hm°ns‚

A¿∞w henb Znhkw F∂m-Wv. AXp-

sIm≠p-Xs∂ k`-bpsS F√m s]cp-∂m-

fp-Ifpw GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ I¿Øm-

hmb tbip-In-kvXp-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- ncn-

°pw. tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse

][m\ kw`-h-ßƒ, InkvXp ÿm]n®

k`-bpsS Ncn-X-Ønse ][m\ kw`-h-

ßƒ F∂nh A\p-kva-cn-°p-hm\pw (DZm.

…o_m s]cp-∂mƒ) At∏m-kvtXm-e-

∑m¿, k`m ]nXm-°-∑m¿, ip≤n-am-∑m¿,

ip≤naXn-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS Hm¿ΩZnh-k-

ßƒ BN-cn-°p-hm\pw BWv s]cp-∂m-

fp-Iƒ \SØp-∂-Xv. Hcp CS-h-Isb kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw B tZhm-ebw BcpsS

\ma-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´pthm B

]cnip≤s‚ (]-cn-ip-≤-bp-sS) Hm¿Ω Znh-

ktam, tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w

\S-Ønb Znh-ktam s]cp-∂m-fmbn BN-

cn-°m-dp-≠v.

tamdm-\mb s]cp-\m-fp-Iƒ

tamdm≥ F∂m¬ \ΩpsS I¿Øm-

hns‚ F∂m-W¿∞w. F√m Rmb-dm-gvN-

Ifpw tamdm-\mb s]cp-∂mfp-I-fm-Wv

˛ ˛I¿Øm-hns‚ Db¿∏ns‚ kvacW

sIm≠mSp∂ s]cp -∂mƒ. CXn\p

]pdta, Bcm-[\m h¿j-Øn¬ \ΩpsS

I¿Øm-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse ][m\

kw`-h-ß-ƒ sIm≠m-Sp∂ Znh-k-ßfpw

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fm-Wv. Ah-bmWv amdm-\mb

s]cp∂m-fp-Iƒ. ssZh-am-Xmhn-t\m-Sp-≈

hN-\n-∏v, I¿Øm-hns‚ P\\w, tZhm-eb

]th-i-\w, amtam-Znkm, adp-cq-]w, D-bn¿∏v,

kz¿§m-tcm-l-Ww, s]¥n-t°m-kvXn Ch

amdm-\b s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fpsS KW-Øn¬-

s∏-Sp-∂p. (Ch-bn¬ Dbn¿∏pw, s]¥n-

tImkvXn s]cp-\mfpw Rmb-dmgvN Xs∂-

bmWv F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v amdm-\mb

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ km[m-cW

]d-bm-dn-√.)

Ch IqSmsX I¿Øm-hns‚ a\p-jym-

h-Xm-c-hp-ambn _‘s∏-ń-´p-≈ hy-‡n-

Isf kvacn-°p∂ Znh-k-ß-fpw Cu KW-

A≤ymbw \mev

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bnse s]cp∂m-fp-Iƒ

41

Øn¬s∏´ s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fmbn BN-cn-°p-

hm-\mWv k` I¬∏n-®n- p-≈-Xv. Ah-bn¬

][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv ssZh-am-Xm-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ s]cp-\m-fp-Iƒ (iq-t\mtbm˛

amXm-hns‚ hmßn-∏v) CXn\p ]pdta Nne

s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ amdm-\mb t]mse BNcn-

°-W-sa∂v k` I¬∏n-®n-´p-≠v. I¿Øm-

hns‚ «olm-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω, I¿Øm-

hns\]Xn IjvS-X-b-\p- -hn®p acn® kl-

tZ-∑mcpsS Hm¿Ω F∂nh Cu KW-Øn¬-

s∏-Sp-∂p. ]tXmkv ]utemkv «ol-∑m-

cpsS Hm¿Ωmb Pq¨ 29Dw am¿tØmΩm

«olm-bpsS ZpIvtdmt\m Bb Pqsse

aq∂pw (A-Yhm Unkw-_¿ 21) ae-¶-c-

bn¬ amdm-\mb s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fmWv

Rmb-dmgvN Fßs\BNcn°Ww

""Cu Znh-k-Øn¬ temI the-Ifn¬

\n∂pw Hgn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xpw hn. Ip¿∫m\,

thZ-]p-kvXI hmb\, ]m¿∞\, ssZh-

Ko-X-ßƒ apX-emb Bflob the-I-fn¬

Dƒs∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xpw BIp-∂p. Bflob

the-I-fn¬ kw_-‘n-°msX aSn-bm-bn-

cp∂p kabw hrYm sNe-h-gn-°cpXm-Ø-

Xp-am-Ip-∂p.'' (a-tXm-]-tZi kmc-ßƒ)

At∂ Znhkw Ipºn-Sp-hmt\m D]-h-

kn°p-hmt\m k` A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√.

(biøm 58:13,14 hmbn-°p-I). amdm-\mb

s]cp-∂m-fp-Ifpw CXp-t]mse Xs∂ BN-

cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW-¶nepw C∂sØ

Ime-L-´-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ aqew k`

Cu Imcy-Øn¬ \n¿_-‘-]q¿∆-amb Hcp

kao-]\w kzo-I-cn-°p-∂n√.

s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ BN-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-≈ ]tbm-P\w

h¿j-Øn¬ hnhn[ ka-b-ß-fn¬

I¿Øm-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse ][m\

kw`-h-ßƒ Hm¿°p-∂-Xn-eqsS I¿Øm-

hp-ambn Hcp ka-Im-eo-\-Xzw \ap°v A\p-

`-h-s∏-Spw. ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpw ip≤n-a-

Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p-tºmƒ

Ah-cpsS PohnX amXr-Ibpw hni-zmk

ÿnc-Xbpw I¿Øm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈ kvt\-

lhpw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn-te°v ]I¿-

Øp-hm≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂p. Ah-cpsS a≤-y-

ÿ-X hgn ssZh-Ir-]bpw A\p-Kl-

ßfpw e`n-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-Ipw. IqSmsX,

Ah-cn¬IqSn k`bv°pw temI-Øn\pw

D≠m-bn-´p-≈ \∑-Isf]Xn ssZhsØ

kvtXmXw sNøp-hm≥ Cu Ah-k-c-ßƒ

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

G‰hpw henb s]cp-∂mƒHcp InkvXob hni-zm-knsb kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw G‰hpw henb s]cp-

∂mƒ CuÃ-dm-sW∂v ]d-bmw. ImcWw

Iqin¬ acn® InkvXp Dbn¿sØ-gp-t\‰p

F∂ NcnX kX-y-am-Wv InkvXp-a-XsØ

at‰-sXmcp aX-tØ-°mfpw hy-X-y-ÿ-am-

°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS c£bv°v \nZm-\-amb

B kw`-h-amWv \sΩ G‰hpw A[nIw

kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-

s∂-bmWv F√m Rmb-dm-gvNbpw \mw

s]cp∂m-fmbn BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ Zu¿`m-K-y-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, ]e

]≈n-I-fnepw CuÃ¿ ipiq-jbv°v Bfp-

Iƒ Ipd-hm-bn- mWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu

]h-WX Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fnse ]tX-yIBNm-c-ßƒ

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fpsS BN-c-W-Øn\v

AXm-Xns‚ kz-`m-h-Øn\pw hnj-b-

Øn\pw tbmPn® Xc-Øn-ep-≈ ]tX-y-

I-X-Iƒ BN-mc-I-a-ß-fn-ep-≈Xv i≤n-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

P\-\-s∏-cp-\m-fnse XoP-zm-e-bpsS

ipiqj I¿Øm-hns‚ P\-\-k-a-bØv

42

Bń-S-b-∑m¿ I≠-Xmb Znh-y-]-Im-i-

sØbpw, A‘-Im-c-Øn-encp∂ temI-

Øn\v DZn-®-Xmb ]Im-i-sØbpw ]Xo-

Im-fl-I-ambn ImWn-°p-∂p. Bń-S-b-∑m¿

h∂v ImgvN-Iƒ A¿∏n-®-Xp-t]m-sebpw,

hnZ-zm-∑m¿ s]m∂v, aqcv, Ip¥n-cn°w

F∂nh ImgvN A¿∏n-®-Xn-s\bpw kvacn-

®p-sIm≠pw \mw Xo-P-zm-e-bn¬ Ip¥n-

cn°w CSp∂p. Ip¥n-cn°w Pzm-e-bn¬

CSp-tºmƒ \sΩØs∂ ssZh-ap-ºmsI

ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn [ym-\n-°m-hp-∂-

XmWv. Cu ipiqj cmXn \a-kvImc-

Øns‚ Ah-km\w amem-J-am -cpsS

kvXpXn-∏n\v apºmbn \S-Øp-∂p.

Z\-lm-s]-cp-∂m-fn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚

amtΩm-Zo-kmsb A\p-kva-cn-®p-sIm≠v

sh≈w hmgvØp∂ ipiqj \S-Øp-∂p.

XnXz ]Imiw tbm¿±m-\n¬ DZbw

sNbvX-s∏mƒ A·n-sIm≠pw Bflm-hp-

sIm≠pw kv\m\w \¬Ip -∂-hs\

tbml-∂m≥ temI-Øn\p shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øn-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv, DZ-b-Øns‚ s]cp-

\mƒ F∂¿∞-ap-≈ Z\lm F∂v Cu

s]cp-∂m-fn\v t]cp h∂-Xv.

Dbn¿∏vs]cp-∂m-fns‚ ]tX-yI

ipiq-j-bnse ][m\ mKw Dbn¿∏ns‚

]J-ym-]-\-am-Wv. cmXn \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚

A¥-y-Øn¬ ""\ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Dbn¿-

sØ-gp-t\‰v Xs‚ iXp-Isf ]n∂nte°v

Bń-tbm-Sn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v sshZn-I≥

\S-Øp∂ ]J-ym-]-\-amWv Db¿∏ns‚

]J-ym-]-\w. ""kX-y-ambn Xm≥ Dbn¿-

sØgp-t∂‰p F∂p Rßƒ hni-z-kn-

t®‰p ]d-bp-∂p'' F∂v hni-zm-kn-Iƒ adp-

]Sn ]dbpw.

s]¥nt°mkvXns] -c p∂mfn¬

kpZo¿L-amb ipiq-j-bmWv Ct∏mƒ

\ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. ]nXm-hns\ kwt_m[\

sNbvXpw, ]pXs\ kwt_m-[\

sNbvXpw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ kwt_m-

[\ sNbvXpw ˛ Cßs\ aq∂p `mK-ß-

fmWv s]¥nt°m-kvXn- ipiq-jbv°p-

≈Xv. aq∂v ipiq-j-Iƒ°v tijhpw

hmgvØnb sh≈w hnizmkn-I-fpsS ta¬

Xfn°p-∂p. ]nXm-hns‚bpw ]pXs‚bpw

]cn -ip -≤m-flm-hns‚bpw \ma-Øn¬

kv\m\-ta‰ hni-zm-kn-Iƒ°v amtΩm-Zo-km-

bpsS Hcp ]pXp-°-amWv s]¥n-t°m-kvXn

ipiq-j-bn¬ e`-y-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

luZvam-emsJ

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse F√m

]tX-yI ipiq-j-bnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

´p-≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\m-co-Xn-bmWv luZvam-

emsJ F∂-dn -b -s∏ -Sp∂ …o_m

BtLmjw. s]¥n-t°mkvXn ipiqj

amX-amWv CXn-s\m-c-]-hm-Zw. Hcp Iuam

BtLm-j-ambn \S-Øp∂ coXn-bmWv

CXv. km[m-cW ]Xn -hm -I-y -Øn¬

Rßƒ°v th≠n Iqin-°-s∏-´-ht\

F∂Xp sNm√p-∂p. F∂m¬ s]cp∂m-

fpI-fn¬ AX-Xns‚ hnjbw tN¿Øp≈

]Xn-hm-I-y-am-bn-cn°pw sNm√p-∂-Xv.

kz¿Kob tk\-bnse H≥]Xp KW-ß-

tfmSpw Db-c-Øn-ep-≈Xpw a≤-y-Øn-ep-

≈Xpw Bg-Øn-ep -≈-Xp-amb F√m

krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-tfmSpw tN¿∂v \n∂p-

sIm≠v k`, ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p∂

Hcp kz¿Kob Bcm-[-\-bm-Wn-Xv. P\-\-

s]-cp-∂mƒ, ]mXn-t\m-ºv, ZpJ-sh-≈n-

bmgvN, Dbn¿∏v s]cp-∂mƒ, kz¿§m-tcm-

lW s]cp-∂mƒ F∂o Znh-k-ß-fnepw

]≈n IqZm-i, Ipcn-in≥ tXmń IqZmi

XpS-ßnb ipiq -j-I-fnepw …o_m

BtLmjw \S-Øp-∂p. Z\-lm-s]-cp-∂m-

fn¬ hmgvØ-s∏´ sh≈hpw Hmim-\-s∏-

cp-∂m-fn¬ hmgvØ-s∏´ Ipcp-tØm-ebpw,

aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-bn¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´

aqtdm\pw …o_m klnXw FSpØv

luZvam-emsJ sNm√p-∂p.

43

s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fnse A\m-h-iyBVw-_-c-ßƒ

InkvXp-hn-\p-th≠n Pohn®v acn®

]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cpsS s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ C∂v

A\m-h-iy B¿`m-S-ß-fpsS thZn-I-fm-Ip-

∂p-≠v. Hcp ]cn-ip-≤s‚ s]cp∂mƒ

BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS InkvXp-hns‚

\maw al-X-z-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, ]cn-ip-≤s‚

Pohn-X-N-cy ]n¥p-S¿∂p Pohn®v hnip-≤n-

bn-te°v hf-cp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xn\p

]Icw, C∂v s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ B¿`m-S-

ßƒ°pw taf-ßƒ°pw hgn amdp-∂p.

CXn-s\-Xn-sc i_vZ-ap-b¿Øp∂ Hcp

]pXnb Xe-apd hf¿∂p-h-c-Ww. c‡-km-

£n-I-fpsS (Koh¿Kokv kl-Zm, tXmΩm-

«o-lm, ]tXm-kv-˛-]u-temkv «ol-∑m¿)

s]cp-∂mƒ BtLm-j-n°p-tºmƒ F¥p-

sIm≠v Ah¿ temIsØ kvt\ln-

°msX ac-WsØ kzo-I-cn®p F∂p

Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw [ym-\n-°p-Ibpw BWv

sNtø-≠-Xv. Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn

bmsXmcp _‘hp-an-√mØ Xc-Øn-ep-≈

BtLm-j-ßƒ Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

ae¶c k`-bnse ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cmb ]cn-

ip≤ ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\nbp-sSbpw ]cn-

ip≤ h´-t»cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw

s]cp-\m-fp-Iƒ sIm≠m-Sp-tºmƒ Ahsc

hnip-≤-cm-°nb Ah-cpsS PohnXcoXn-

sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-I-bpw B PohnXw

A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

Ahsc k`bv°v X∂ ssZhsØ kvXp-

Xn-°p-hm\pw ]kvXpX s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ

D]-I-cn-°-Ww.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fpsS Hcp

enÃv Xøm-dm-°p-I.

2. tamdm\mb s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ F∂m-

se¥v? Ah-bpsS Xob-Xn-Iƒ I≠p-

]n-Sn-°pI.

3. hnhn[ ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ s]cp-∂mfp-

ambn _‘-s∏´p \SØp∂ ssIkvX-

h-a-√mØ NS-ßp-Iƒ N¿® sNøp-I.

4. s]cp-∂m-fp-I-fnse [q¿Øv F∂ hnj-

b-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp ]T\w \S-Øp-I.

XpS¿hm-b-\bv°v

1. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Bcm-[-

\bpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ßfpw ˛

tPmk^v am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkv.

2. \n¿te]w (A-≤-ymbw 5) Koh¿Kokv

am¿ Chm-\n-tbmkv.

3. Bflm-hnepw kX-y-Ønepw (A≤ymbw

5, 6) ˛ ^m. tUm. _n h¿Kokv.

44

ssIkvX-h-k-`-bpsS Bcw-`w-ap-X¬

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ph-sc-bp≈ hf¿®-

bpsS ka-Khpw kwjn-]vX-hp -amb

NcnXw ][m\ kw`-h-ß-fpsS shfn-®-

Øn¬ ChnsS ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√p-Iƒ F∂v

hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂h amXta ChnsS

]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-b-am-Ip-∂p-≈q.

1. s]¥n -t°m -kvXnbpw k`-bpsS

amtΩm-Zo-kbpw.

2. siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏pw

iuens‚ am\-km-¥-chpw.

3. tbdp-itew Iu¨kn¬-˛-F.-Un. 50.

4. ]oV-\-ßƒ.

5. hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-cq-]o-I-cWw.

6. anem≥ hnfw-_cw F.-Un. 313.

7. s]mXp-kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpw k`m-hn-P-

\hpw.

8. k\ym-k-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Bcw-`hpw

hf¿®bpw.

9. Ipcniv bp≤-ßƒ.

10. \ho-I-cWw.

11. FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\w.

s]¥n-t°m-kvXnbpwk -bpsS amtΩm-Zo-kbpw

aq∂mw \mƒ D∞n-X-\mb InkvXp

Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°pw GXm\pw Nne

kvXoIƒ°pw ]Xy-£-\m-bn, Ahsc

hnizm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sXc-s™-

Sp-°-s∏´ injy-∑m¿°v ]cn-ip-≤mfl

\¬hcw \¬Ip-Ibpw Ahsc kphn-ti-

j-ZuXyw `c-ta-ev]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p

(hn. tbml. 20:19- 23; hn. aØmbn 28:18˛20).

tbcp-i-te-an¬\n∂v hmßn-t∏m-

ImsX Xt∂mSv tI´ ]nXm-hns‚ hmKvZ-

Øn-\mbn ImØn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Xm≥

Ah¿°v \n¿t±iw \¬In (A-t∏m.].

1:2˛5). ]cn-ip-≤mfl kv\m\-Øn-\mbn

ImØn-cn-°p-tºmƒ InkvXp-hns\ H‰n-

s°m-Sp-Ø-Xp-aqew At∏m-kvtXm-e-hr-µ-

Øn¬\n∂pw \o°-s∏´ bqZmbv°v ]Icw

a∞n -bm -kns\ sXcs™Sp -°p∂p

(At∏m.-].1:15˛26).

s]¥n-t°mkvXv \mfn¬ injy-∑m¿

F√m-hcpw ]cn -ip -≤m -flm-`n -tjIw

]m]n®v, Bflmhv \nd™v A\y-`m-j-I-

fn¬ kwkm-cn®p (A-t∏m.-]. 2:1˛4).

IqSmsX ]tXm-kns‚ ]kwKw ihn®-

bqWn‰v aq∂v

k`m-N-cnXw

A≤ymbw H∂v

k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√p-Iƒ

45

h-cn¬ aqhm-bn-c-tØmfw t]¿ kv\m\w

G‰v k`-tbmSp tN¿∂p (A-t∏m.-].

2:14- 42). ssIkvX-h-k- -bpsS Bcw- hpw

amtΩm-Zo-kmbpw C]-Imcw thZ-]p-kvX-

I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-

In-kvXp-hns‚ IjvSm-\p-`-hhpw Iqip-a-

c-Whpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw kz¿§m-

tcm-l-Whpw 50- mw Znhkw injy-∑m¿°v

e`n® ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-`n-tj-Ihpw ssI-

kvX-h-k-`-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn\pw hf¿®-

bv°pw bcp-i-te-an¬ XpS°w Ipdn®p.

siΩm-i-∑mcpsS sXcs™Sp∏pw

iuens‚ am\-km-¥-chpw

injy∑m¿ s]cp-In-h-cn-Ibpw k`

A`q-X-]q¿∆-amb hf¿® ]m]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX-t∏mƒ k`m-ip-iq-j-I-cn¬ ]tXy-

In®v k`-bpsS t£a-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑msc klm-bn-°p-∂-

Xn\v Bflmhpw ⁄m\hpw \nd™

\√ km£y-ap≈ Ggv t]sc ]m¿∞-

\m-]q¿∆w sXc-s™-SpØp (A-t∏m.-].

6:1˛6). ""ipiq-jn-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-

ap≈ "siΩm-i≥' (deacon) F∂ t]cn¬

Ch¿ Adn-b-s∏´p.

ssIkvX-h-k-`-bpsS ZpX-K-Xn-bn-

ep≈ hf¿®-bn¬ Akq-b-]q≠ blq-Z-

∑m¿ GXv hnt[-\bpw k`sb \in-∏n-

°p-hm≥ ian-®p. InkvXym-\n-Isf

Is≠Øn Ahsc ]oUn-∏n®v D∑q-e-

\miw hcp -ØpI F∂-Xm-bn -cp∂p

][m\ t]mwh-gn. CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂-h-cn¬

][m-\n-bm-bn-cp∂ iu¬ F∂ _mey-

°m-c≥ InkvXp-tb-ip-hn-\m¬ ]nSn-°-

s∏´v k`-bpsS ][m\ ipiq-j-I-\m-bn-

Øo¿∂p (A-t∏m.-]. 9:1˛18; 22:3˛21).iuens‚ am\-km-¥cw ssIkvX-h-k-

`bv°v ]pØ≥ DW¿hpw Du¿÷hpw

]I¿∂p \¬In. ""PmXn-I-fpsS At∏m-

kvtXm-e≥'' F∂ t]cn¬ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-

hm≥ X°-hÆw iu¬ F∂ ]utemkv

Xs‚ kphn-ti-jo-I-c-W-]-h¿Ø\w

blq-Zy°pw ia-cy°pw ]pdØv tdmam-

kmam-Py-Ønse a‰v ]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v

hym]n-∏n-®p.

]utem-kns‚ anj-\-dn-bm-X-Ifpw

kphn-ti-j-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ssIkvX-

h-k-`-bpsS hym]-\-Øn\pw hf¿®°pw

\nZm-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

bcp-itew Iu¨kn¬F.-Un. 50

k`mNcn - X-Øn¬ it≤-b-amb

H∂mWv bcp-itew Iu¨kn¬. blq-Z-

∑m¿ A√m-Ø-h¿ ssIkvX-h-k-`-bn¬

tNcp-tºmƒ ]men-t°≠ I¿Ω-ß-sf-°p-

dn®pw \nb-a-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw X¿°-

ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ AXv ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm-\mbn

At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

F.-Un. 50- ¬ bcp-i-te-an¬ tbmKw tNcp-

Ibpw ]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-

Ibpw sNbvXp (A-t∏m.-]. 15:1˛15). \n m-

c-sa∂v tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw ]kvXpX

Iu¨kn¬ c≠v Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]m[m-

\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

1. ssIkvXh-k- °v X\-Xmb AÿnXzw

D≠m°p∂Xn¬ ]kvXpX Iu¨-

kn¬ Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. A\y-

scbpw blq-Z-a-X-Øns‚ `mK-ambn

Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ ssIkvX-h-k- °v X\-

Xmb hy‡n-Xzhpw Aÿn-Xzhpw e`n-

°p-∂Xv ]kvXpX Iu¨kn¬ hgn-

bm-Wv.

2. k`m-]-c-amb X¿°-ßƒ°pw hyh

lmcßƒ°pw Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°p-∂-

Xns‚ DØa ZrjvSm-¥-ambn bcp-itew

Iu¨-kn¬ Ncn-X-]m-[m-\y-a¿ln-

°p∂p.

46

k -bpsS hf¿® apº-tØ-°mƒ thK-

Øn-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]oV-Iƒ

BZn-a-k` hf-sc-tbsd ]oVIƒ°v

hnt[-b-am-tI≠n-h-∂p. BZyw blq-Zcpw

]n∂oSv tdmam-°mcpw InkvXym-\n-Isf

]oVn-∏n-®p. H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ Bcw-`n®

Iqchpw arKo-b-hp-amb ]oV-\-ßƒ

\memw \q‰m-≠p-h-scbpw \o≠p-\n-∂p.

At∏m-kvtXm-e∑mcpw At∏m-kvtXm-enI

]nXm-°-∑m-cp-a-S°w At\-Im-bn-c-ßƒ

c‡-km£n acWw ]m]n-®p. c‡-km-

£nXzw ]m]n-°p-∂Xv as‰-¥n-t\-°mfpw

D]-cn-bmbn ImWp-Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw

sNbvX BZn-a-ssI-kvX-h-cpsS c‡w

k`°v hf-ambpw hnØmbpw cq]m-¥-c-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

hte-dn-bkv (253- 260), Utbm¢o-jy≥

(284- 313) \otdm XpS-ßnb tdmam-N-I-h¿-

Øn-amcm-bn-cp∂p ]oVIƒ°v t\XrXzw

\¬In-b-Xv. tdmam-km-am-Py-tØmSpw NI-

h¿Øn-am-tcm-Sp-ap≈ hnt[-b-Xz-an-√m-bva,

tdma≥ ssZh-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-°p-I,

Ah¿°v ]qPtbm _entbm \S-Øm-Xn-

cn-°p-I, ssk\n-I-tk-h-\-Øn\v Xøm-dm-

Im-Xn-cn-°p-I, kmam-Py-Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v

hncp-≤-am-tbm, FXn-cmtbm ]h¿Øn-

°pI, cl-ky-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬ ktΩ-f-\-

ßƒIqSn kmam-Py-Øn-s\-Xnsc KqVm-

tem-N\ \S-Øp-I, cl-ky-Iq-´m-bva-Iƒ-

IqSn hy`n-Nm-c-Ønepw amwk-t`m-P-\-

Ønepw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-hp-I, kmaq-lnI

BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-™n-

cn-°pI F∂nh ]oV-Iƒ°p≈ Imc-W-

ß-fmbn Btcm]n°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

]oVIƒ ssIkvX-h-k-`°v sh√p-

hnfn Db¿Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw BZn-a-In-

kvXym-\n-I-fpsS hnizm-khpw \n›-b-

Zm¿Vyhpw c‡-km-£n-I-fm-hm-\p≈

A`n-hmRvObpw At\-Isc ssIkvXh-

k-`-bn-te°v BI¿jn-°p-Ibpw X∑qew

k`-bpsS hf¿® Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn-em-hp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. ]oVIƒ c‡-km-£n-

Isf amXw krjvSn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√,

]XypX k`-bpsS hf¿®°pw hym]-\-

Øn\pw Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

IqSmsX ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Im-t\m≥ cq]o-I-

c-W-Øn\pw hnizm-k-kw-_-‘n-bmb cN-

\-Iƒ°pw ]oV-\-ßƒ Imc-W-am-bn-

Øo¿∂p.

hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-cq-]o-I-cWw

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ

hchv DSs\ D≠m-Ip-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bn¬

BZn-a-k` KŸ-c-N-\-I-fn¬ D’mlw

Imń-bn-cp-∂n-√. F.-Un. 50-˛\p tijw

]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-ßfpw XpS¿∂v F.-

Un. 60-˛\p tijw kphn-ti-j-`m-K-ßfpw

Fgp-X-s∏-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏m-kvtXm-

e-∑m-cp -sSbpw ]nXm-°-∑m-cp -sSbpw

t]cn¬ At\Iw KŸ-ßƒ cNn-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw AXp-h-gn-bmbn hncp-t≤m-]-tZ-i-

ßƒ k`-bn¬ ]N-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-

IpIbpw sNbvXp. X∑qew hn. thZ-

KŸsØ kw_-‘n®v GsXms° cN\-

Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw, GsXms° Hgn-

hm°mw F∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v Nn¥n-

°p-Ibpw X¬^-e-ambn c≠mw \q‰m-

≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØmsS GI-tZiw

F.Un. 175-˛-t\m-SSpØv ]pXnb \nba

Imt\m≥ cq]o-Ir-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F.-Un. 180- -t\m-S-SpØv Fgp-X-s∏´p F∂v

hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ""ayqd-t‰m-dn -b≥

Imt\m-\n¬'' ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse 22

]pkvX-I-ßsf Imt\m-\n-I-ambn tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈p. KŸ-Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-

®p≈ Ahy-‡-X-Ifpw D≈-S° kw_-

‘-amb kwi-b-ßfpw a‰v KŸ-ß-fpsS

Imt\m-\n-I-Xsb tNmZyw sNøp-Ibpw

47

F∂m¬ AXv kw_‘n-bmb ÿnco-I-

cWw ]nev°m-eØv ]kvXpX KŸ-

ßsf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-

hpIbpw sNbvXp. F.-Un. 367-˛¬ Ae-

Ivk¥n-bm-bnse _nj-∏mb AØ-\m-

tkymkv Xs‚ CS-h-I-Iƒ°v Ab®

CuÃ¿ ktµ-i-Øn¬ ]pXnb \nba

]pkvX-I-ßƒ 27 F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

´p-≠v. F.-Un. 90-˛¬ ""Pmw\nb'' F∂

ÿeØv IqSnb blq-Z-dm-_n-am-cpsS

tbmKw ]g-b-\n-b-a-K-Ÿ-k-ap-®-b-Øn¬

39 ]pkvX-I-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v

\n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (Pmw-\nb

Iu¨kn¬). hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse

KŸ-ßsf kw_-‘n® B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw

HutZym-Kn-I-hp-amb Xocp-am\w c≠mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØm-sS-bmWv

k` ssIs°m-≈p -∂-X v . Aßs\

39 ]pkvXI-ß-f-S-ßnb ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw

27 ]pkvX-I-ß-f-S-ßnb ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw

BZna k` HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-I-

cn®p.

anem≥ hnfw-_cw (F.-Un. 313)

tdmam kmam-Py-Øns‚ Ing-°≥

]tZ-i-ß-fpsS A[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ enkn-

\n-bqkpw ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fpsS

A[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ IpkvX-¥o-t\mkpw

tN¿∂v F.-Un. 313 Pq¨ amkw 13-˛mw

XobXn ""anem≥ hnfw-_cw'' ]pd-s∏-Sp-

hn-®p. ]kvXpX hnfw-_cw tdmam-km-am-

Py-Øn¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°ptaep-≠m-bn-

cp∂ F√m \nb-¥-W-ßfpw \o°w

sNøp-Ibpw tdmam kmam-Py-Ønse AwKo-

I-cn-°-s∏´ aX-ambn InkvXp-a-XsØ

]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aq∂v \q‰m-

≠p-I-tfmfw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´v, ]oUn-∏n-

°-s∏´ ssIkvXh-k- -°v, tdmam-kmam-

Py-Øn¬ AwKo-Im-chpw kzmX-¥yhpw

anem≥ hnfw -_-c -Øn -eqsS e`n®p.

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS I≠p-sI-ńb F√m

kzØp-°fpw Bcm-[-\m -e -b-ßfpw

XncnsI e`n -®p . XS -hn -e -S -°-s∏´

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ tamNn-∏n-°-s∏- p. Rmb-

dmgvN s]mXp Ah[n Znh-k-ambn IW-

°m-°-s∏-´p. anem≥ hnfw-_cw B≤ym-

flo-I-X-e-Øn¬ KpW-tØ-°m-tfsd

tZmjw sNbvXp-sh∂v ]nev°me Ncn-X-

kw-`-h-ßƒ km£n-°p-∂p.

AwKo-IrX aX-ambn InkvXp-aXw

AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-tXm-Sp-IqSn At\-Im-

bnc-ßƒ InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn -®p.

F∂m¬ ssIkvX-h-k` A∂p-h-scbpw

ImØp-kq-£n-®n-cp∂ [m¿ΩnI \ne-]m-

Sp-Ifpw km∑m¿§nI Pohn-X-co-Xn-Ifpw

kvt\l-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Iq´m-bva-I-

fpsams° \ma-am-X-ambnØocp-Ibpw

cmjvSob A[n-Imc ]n≥_-e-tØmsS

]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-

ambn tdmam-km-am-Py-Ønse ssIkvX-

h-k` am‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX

AXp-h-scbpw kmam-Py-i-‡n-Iƒs°-

Xnsc i_vZn-®n-cp∂ k`, ]nev°m-eØv

AØcw i‡n-Iƒ°pw hy‡n-Iƒ°pw

kvXpXn ]mSp-∂-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp -Ibpw

sNbvXp. ssIkvX-h-k` kmam-Py-k-`-

bmbn am‰-s∏-´p.

s]mXp-kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpwk`m-hn- -P-\hpw

kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ (Iq-Sn -h-c-hv,

ktΩ-f-\w) k`m-Km-X-Ønse thZ-im-

kvX-]-chpw aX-]-c-hp-amb X¿°-ß-sf-

°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-lmcw

Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ thZn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

BZn-a-ssI-kvX-h-k-`°v ][m-\-ambpw

c≠v Xc-Øn-ep≈ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. H∂v, cmjvSo-b- -km-am-Py-]o-V-

\-ßƒ; c≠v, sX‰mb D]-tZ-i-ßfpw thZ-

hn-]-co-X-ßfpw.

48

⁄m\-hmZw(gnosticism), am¿kn-

b\nkw (marcianism), sam≠m-\nkw

(montanism) , samWm¿°n-b-\nkw

(monarchianism) F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂p

BZy \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse ][m\ thZ-hn-]-

co -X-ßƒ. CØcw D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS

kzm[o-\-Øntem A√m-sXtbm ]nev°m-

eØv At\Iw thZ-hn-]-co-X-ßƒ DS-se-

Sp-Øp. ]nev°methZ-hn-]-co-X-ßƒ k`-

bn¬ `n∂X krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah

kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fn-te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. ][m\ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpw

Ahbv°v Imc-W-amb thZ-hn-]-co-X-

ßfpw Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

1. \nJym (A.D. 325) Adn-bq-kns‚

thZ-hn-]-coXw.

2. IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv (A.D. 381) amkn-

tUm-Wn-b-\n-kw, As∏m-√n-t\-dn-b-

\nkw.

3. Ft -kqkv(A.D. 431) s\kvtXm-dn-b-

\nkw.

taev]-d™ aq∂v kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

F√m ]ucm-WnI k`-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xm-Wv. s]mXp-kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

AYhm km¿∆-XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

F∂ t]cn¬ ]Xn-s\´v kp∂-l-tZm-kp-

Iƒ ]n∂oSv IqSp-I-bp-≠m-bn. BsI-bp≈

Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂v kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fn¬

BZysØ aq∂v kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

Hmdnb‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Ifpw

BZysØ Ggv kp∂-l-tZm -kp -Iƒ

ss_k≥bn≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ AXn-

\p -ti -j-ap -≈h ItØmen°m-k`

amXta AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-Im-i-

s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≈p.

\memw km¿∆-XnI kp∂-l-tZmkv

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ I¬°-Zq≥ kp∂-l-

tZmkv (451) k`m-N-cn-XØ-Øn¬ Gsd

]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. a\p-jym-

h-Xmcw sNbvX InkvXp tbmPn-∏n-\p-

tijw GI-kz-`m-h-Øn-em-tWm, AtXm

Ccp-kz-`m-h-ß-fn-emtWm h¿Øn-®n-cp-

∂Xv F∂ X¿°-hn-j-b-Øn¬ Ae-

Ivkm-¥n-b-bnse k\ym-km-i-a-Ønse

A[n-]\pw htbm-[n-I-\pamb Fhp-Øn-

°qkv ""tbmPn-∏n-\p-tijw GI-kz-`mhw

F∂v Rm≥ ]d-bp∂p'' F∂-`n-]m-b-

s∏´p. ]kvXpX ]tbmKw hen-sbmcp

X¿°-Øn\v Bcw- -an-Sp-Ibpw B X¿°w

tdmam-km-am-Py-Ønse k -bpsS hn -P\-

Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

I¬°-Zq≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ

AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ k`-Isf I¬°-Zq≥

kÌ-sf∂pw (Chalcedonian Churches)(tdmw, IpkvX-¥n-t\m-t∏m-eo-kv), AwKo-

I-cn-°mØ k`-Isf I¬°-Zq≥ CXc

kÌsf∂pw (Non-ChalcedonianChurches) (A-e-Ivkm-¥n-b, At¥ym-Jy,

A¿tΩ-\nb) hnfn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. 1054-˛se

k`mhn-`-P-\-tØmsS tdmam-km-am-Py-

Ønse k` Ing-°≥ k -sb∂pw (ss_-

k‚-bn≥) ]Sn-™m-d≥ k`-sb∂pw

(ItØm-en-°m) c≠mbn ]ncn™p.

k\ym-k-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚Bcw`hpw hf¿®bpw

c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-i-X-I-ß-

fnepw aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-

]mZØnep-amWv k\ym-k-]-ÿm\w

ssIkvX-h-k- -bn¬ DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xv. tbip-

InkvXp Bh-iy-s∏´ "]q¿ÆX' ssIh-

cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ BK-lhpw (Mt: 5:48;19:21), ]oVI-fpsS Ah-km-\hpw

ssIkvX-h-cpsS B[ym-flnI Pohn-X-

ssi-enbpw temI-sØ-°p -dn -®p≈

hyXyÿ [mc-W-Ifpw k\ym-k-Po-hn-X-

Øn-te°v At\-Isc BI¿jn-®p. CuPn-

]vXn-emWv k\ym-k-]-ÿm\w DS-se-Sp-

49

Ø-Xv. At¥m-Wn-tbm-kv, ]t°m-antbmkv

F∂n-h¿ bYm-Iaw GIm-¥-Po-hn-X-Ia-

Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Po-hn-X-I-a-Øn-s‚bpw

(Solitary & Community) ]mcw-`-Icpw

]tbm-‡m-°-fp-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

k\ym-k-]-ÿm-\-ßfpw k\ym-kn-Ifpw

ssIkvX-h-k- °v Aaq-ey-kw- m-h\-Iƒ

\¬In-bn- p-≠v. ]T-\-ßfpw Bcm-[-\m-I-

a-ß-fpsS cN-\-Ifpw IqSmsX kmaqly-

t£-a-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw anj-\-dn-]-h¿Ø-

\-ßfpw km∑m¿§nI Pohn-X-ssi-en-Ifpw

k\ym-k-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-I-

fmWv.

Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-ßƒ

C…mw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Xp¿°n-

I-fpsS ssII-fn¬\n∂pw hnip-≤-\m-Smb

]me-kvXo≥ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]m›m-

Xy-ssI-kvX-h¿ \S-Ønb ia-ßƒ

s]mXpsh Ipcn-ip-bp≤-ßƒ F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Iqins‚ iXp-°ƒs°-Xnsc

Iqip-ta¥n ssIkvX-h¿ \S-Ønb

hnip≤ bp≤amWnXv. 1095 apX¬ 1291 hsc

Ime-L- -Øn-emWv Ipcn-ipbp-≤-ßƒ \S-

Ø-s∏- Xv. 1212- ¬ Nn¬U≥kv IqtkUv

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ IpńI-fpsS Ipcn-ip-

bp≤hpw \S-Ø-s∏-´p. ]me-kvXo≥ ]nSn-

s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ km[n-®n√ F∂p amX-a√,

ssIkvXh kzm[o-\-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

At\Iw ]tZ-i-ßƒ Xp¿°n-I-fpsS

B[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-hp -Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ipcnip-bp≤-ßƒ KpW-tØ-°mfp]cn

tZmj-I-c-ambn ssIkvX-h-k-`sb BI-

am\w _m[n-®p. ssIkvX-h-k- -Iƒ XΩn-

ep≈ iWvT°pw X¿°-Øn\pw CXv hgn-

sX-fn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

\ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm\w

]m›m-Xy-k- -bn¬ am¿ń≥eq-Y-dpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Bcw- n® k` \ho-I-cW-

\o-°-ßƒ \ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm\w F∂

t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚

D]-⁄m-Xmhv am¿ń≥ eqY-dm-sW-¶nepw

AXn\v Dt]m-Xv_-e-Iamb Bi-b-ßƒ

hfsc apºp-Xs∂ ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp-∂p.

tPm¨ ssh¢n^pw tPm¨ l p-

sams° \ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ßƒ ]N-cn-∏n-

®-hcpw ]m›m-Xy-k- -bpsS LS-\-sbbpw

]h¿Ø-\-ssi-en-sbbpw tNmZyw sNbvX-

h-cp-am-Wv. ItØm-en-°m-k-`bn¬ \ne-

\n∂n-cp∂ "]m]-hn-tam-N\ No v'' hnev]\

\ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\-Øn\v Du¿÷w

]I¿∂p. tdmam-k-`-bn¬ \ne\n-∂n-cp∂

Agn-a-Xn°pw A[¿Ω-ßƒ°pw A[n-Im-

c-Zp¿hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc am¿ń≥

eqY¿ i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-®p. 1517-˛¬

eqY¿ \ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm\w ]c-ky-ambn

Bcw-`n -®p. F®v. kznwKvfn, tPm¨

Im¬hn≥ F∂n-h¿ eqY-dns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\sØ i‡-ambn ]n¥p-W-®p-sIm≠v

P¿Ω-\n, kzn‰vk¿-e≠v, ^m≥kv, s\X¿-

e≠v XpS-ßnb ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \ho-I-c-

Wm-i-b-ßƒ ]Ncn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

\ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\-Øn-eqsS DS-se-SpØ

k`-Iƒ "\ho-I-cW k`-Iƒ' F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p. \ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm\w \ho-I-

cW-k-`-Ifpw AXp-hgn t]m´-Ã‚ v k`-

Ifpw cq]s∏-Sp -hm≥ Imc-W-am -bn -

Øo¿∂p. \ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm\w tdmam-k-

`-bpsS XpS¿hn-`-P-\-Øn\v tlXp-hm-bn-

Øo¿∂p.

FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\w

\ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ßƒ ssIkvX-h-k-

aqlw apgp-h\pw ]pXnb Ne-\-ß-fp-

≠m°p∂Xn\p hgn-h-®p. X¬^-e-ambn

thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-T-\hpw anj≥ ]h¿Ø-

\-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿∆-

ln-°p-hm≥ \ho-\-k-`m-˛-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ

apt∂m´p-h∂p. thZ-]p-kvXI ]T-\-

50

Ønepw anj-\-dn-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-ep-ap≈

Xmev]cyw AØcw k`m-ip-iq-j-Isc

hyXym-k-sat\y H∂n®v IqSp-hm\pw

H∂n®v ]h¿Øn-∏m\pw CS-bm-°n. k`m-

hy-Xym-k-an-√mØ CØcw Iq´m-bva-Iƒ

Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ hf-cp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv AXv

AJne temI-an-j-\dn ktΩ-f-\-Øn-

te°v (World Missionary Conference)\bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 20- mw \q‰m≠ns‚

Bcw-`-Z-i-bn¬ 1910-˛¬ FUn≥-_tdm-

bn¬ IqSnb ktΩ-f-\-amWv B[p-\nI

FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn\v ASn-

Ød ]mIn-b-Xv. AJne temI anj-\dn

ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ]pXnb c≠v

FIyq -sa -\n -°¬ ]ÿm-\-ßƒ°v

XpS°w Ipdn®p; Poh\pw ]h¿Ø-\hpw

(Life and Work Movement) hnizm-khpw

]´-Xzhpw (Faith and Order Movement)ASn-b-¥nc kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ß-fpsS

\Sp-hn¬ ssIkvXh DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw a\-

n-em-°m≥ sse^v B≥Uv h¿°v

]ÿm\w bXv\n-®p. s^bvØv B≥Uv

Hm¿U¿ ]ÿm-\-am-Is´ k`-Iƒ XΩn-

ep≈ hnizm-k-˛-]-´Xz hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw ]c-kv]cw a\- n-em-°p-∂-

Xn\pw klm-b-I-c-am-bn. 1937-˛¬ HmIvkv-

t^m¿Un¬ IqSnb "s^bvØv B≥Uv

Hm¿U¿' ktΩ-f-\hpw FUn≥_-tdm-

bn¬ h®v \S∂ "sse^v B≥Uv h¿°v'

ktΩ-f-\hpw AJne temI-k-`m-Iu¨-

kn-ens‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn.

Ccp-]-ÿm-\-ßfpw H∂n®v temI-k`m

Iu¨kn¬ cq]o-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-

\n-°p-Ibpw 1948 BKÃv amk-Øn¬

BwÃ¿Um-an¬ h®v \S∂ 147 ssIkvXh

k`-I-fpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ k`-I-fpsS

AJne temI-Iu¨kn¬ cq]o-I-cn -

°pIbpw sNbvXp. thƒUv Iu¨kn¬

Hm^v N¿®-kns‚ BZy P\-d¬ skI-

´dn-bmbn dh. W.A. Vissert Hoaft˛s\

(U-ªn-bp. F. hnt ¿ v lq v‰n-s\) Xnc-

s™-Sp-Øp. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`mw-K-ß-fmbn Ae-Ivkn-tbmkv am¿

tXthm-tZm-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm,

^m. sI. ^nen-t∏mkv F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-

SpØp. ae-¶-c-k` AJne temI k`m

Iu¨kn-ens‚ ÿm]-Imw-K-ß-fn¬

H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂p. A∂p apX¬ ae-¶c

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` FIyp-sa-\n-°¬

]ÿm-\-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]h¿Øn-

®p-h-cp-∂p. Imew sNbvX ]utemkv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ

FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ cwKØv D∂-X-io¿j-

\mbn-cp∂p F∂Xv A`n-am-\-Ic-am-Wv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. siΩm-»-∑m-cpsS sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v CS-

bmb kml-Ncyw F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

2. H‰p-Im-c-\mb bqZmbv°p ]Icw a∞n-

bm-kns\ B ÿm-\-tØ°v sXc-

s™-S pØsXß-s\ -bm - sW∂v

At∏m.-]. 1:15- 26) hsc hmbn®v I≠p-

]n-Sn-°p-I.

3. bcp-itew Iu¨kn¬ F∂m-se¥v?

AXv IqSn-b-sX-¥n\v? Cu Iu¨kn-

ens‚ ]m[m-\y-sa¥v?

4. anem≥ hnfw-_cw F∂m-se¥v? Cu

hnfw-_-c-Øns‚ KpW-ßfpw tZmj-

ßfpw N¿® sNøp-I.

5. I¬°-tZm-\n -b≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv

F∂m-se¥v? Cu kp∂-l-tZm-kn-\p-

ti-j-ap-≠mb k`m-hn- -P\w hy‡-am-

°pI?

6. Npcp-ßnb hnh-cWw Xøm-dm-°pI

1. k\ym-k-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Bcw-`w.

2. Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-ßƒ.

3. \ho-I-c-W-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ.

4. FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\w.

51

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ ][m\

]¶v hln® GXm\pw Nne kw`-h-ß-tf-

°p-dn-®mWv Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. Ccp-]Xv \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse ae-

¶c k`m NcnXw hfsc kw£n-]vX-

ambn ChnsS Ipdn-°p-∂p.

1. am¿tØmΩm «olmbpw ae-¶-c-k-

`bpw

2. t]¿jy≥ IpSn-tb‰w

3. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv (1599)

4. Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXyw

5. am¿tØmΩm H∂m-a\pw F∏n-kvtIm-

∏bpw

6. ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hn`-P\w

7. ae-¶-c-˛-A-t¥ym-Jy≥ _‘w

8. hń-∏Ww

9. ss__nƒ ]cn-`m-jbpw skan-\mcn

ÿm]-\hpw

10. ae-¶-c-˛-Bw-•n-°≥ _‘w

11. apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv

12. B[p-\nI ae-¶-c-k`

am¿tØmΩm «olmbpwae¶ck`bpw

am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm F.-Un. 52-˛¬

ae¶-c-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw GXm\pw Nne

ssIkvX-h-k-aq-l-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sh∂v NcnXw km£n-°p∂p.

am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS `mcX kµ¿i-

\-sØ-°p-dn®v c≠v ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p; DØ-tc-¥y≥ ]mc-ºcyhpw,

Z£n-tW-¥y≥ ]mc-º-cyhpw.

Z£n-tW-¥y≥ ]mc-ºcyw

apko-cnkv F∂-dn-b-s∏- n-cp∂ sImSp-

ß-√q-cn¬ am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm BK-X-\m-

Ip-Ibpw Ggv ][m\ ÿe-ß-fn¬

ssIkvXh kaql-ßƒ ÿm]n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. F.-Un. 72-˛¬ «olm

ssaem-∏q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°-sh, km£n-

acWw ]m]n®p. Ahn-sS-Øs∂ I_-d-

S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bmWv ae-¶-c-

bn¬ k` ÿm]n-®Xv F∂-Xn-\p≈

][m\ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-

bmWv.

1. am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS I_-dnSw

2. am¿tØm-Ωm-bm¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´

]pcm-X\ ssIkvX-h-k-aq-l-ßƒ

3. ssIkvX-h-k-aq-l-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂ «olm-bpsS \ma-t[-bw.

4. «olm-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf kw_-

‘n-®p≈ Ncn-X-tc-J-Iƒ.

5. hmsam-gn-bmbpw hc-sam-gn-bmbpw \ne-

\n¬°p∂ ssIkvX-h-km£yw.

DØ-tc-¥y≥ ]mc-ºcyw

tXmΩm-«olm hSt° C¥y-bn¬

kphn-tijw ]kw-Kn®p F∂-Xn-\m-[mcw

InkvXm_vZw 180 \pw 230\pw CS-bn¬

A≤ymbw c≠v

ae-¶-c-k- bpw ][m\ kw -h-ßfpw

52

Dd-lm-bn¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp KŸ-Im-c≥

cNn® "bqZmkv tXmam-kns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ' F∂ IrXn-bm-Wv. tXmakv

At∏m-kvtXm-e≥ tKm≠-t^m-d-kns‚

cmPyØv InkvXp-am¿Kw ]N-cn-∏n-®-

Xmbn B KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

InkvXm_vZw H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ A vKm-

\n -ÿm≥, _eq-Nn-ÿm≥, ]©m_v

F∂o tZi-ßƒ tN¿∂p InS-∂n-cp∂

\mSp-Isf `cn-®n-cp∂ cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂p

tKm≠-t^m-dkv F∂p ]fin-X-∑m¿ Dd-

∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn-

ep≈ \mW-b-ßƒ ]nev°m-eØp Is≠-

Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. 13-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-

cp∂ At¥ym-Jy≥ kpdn-bm\n ]nXm-

hmb KntKm-dn-tbmkv _m¿ F_mb

At±lØns‚ k`m-N-cnX KŸ-Øn¬

am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm tKm≠-t^m-dkns‚

A[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ kphn-

tijw Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

B \q‰m-≠n¬Xs∂ Pohn-®n-cp∂ _km-

bnse s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂

item-tam≥ cNn® "The Book of the Bee'F∂ KŸ-Ønepw bqZm-tKm-X-°m-c-

\mb tXmamkv C¥y-bn¬ kphn-tijw

tLmjn-®-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øn-bn-cn -

°p∂p.

t]¿jy≥ IpSn-tb‰wae¶-c-k-`bpw t]¿jy≥ k`bpw

am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS At∏m-kvtXm-

enI ]mc-º-cyhpw ss]Xr-Ihpw ImØp-

kq-£n-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ A`n-am\w

Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ k`-I-fm-Wv.

am¿tØmΩ ss]XrIw Ccp-k-`-I-fp-

sSbpw ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-Øn\pw kulr-Z-

Øn\pw B°w-Iq-ń. ae-¶-c-k` BZy

\q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬Xs∂ t]¿jy≥k-`-bp-

ambn \√ _‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

t]¿jy≥ kmam-Py-Øn¬ ssIkvX-h

k`-bvs°-Xn-sc Iqc-amb ]oV-Iƒ Ac-

tß-dn-b-t∏mƒ sNdp-k-aq-l-ß-fmbn

t]¿jy≥ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ae-¶-c-bn-

te°v IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øp. BZy t]¿jy≥-

Ip-Sn-tb‰w F.-Un. 345-˛¬ Iv\mbn-sØm-

Ωs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw c≠m-asØ IpSn-

tb‰w 825-˛¬ k_vdo-tim-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn-ep-amWv \S-∂-Xv. BZy-tØXv ]mW-

c-£m¿∞-ap≈ IpSn-tb-‰hpw c≠m-a-

tØXv hym]m-c-Xm-ev]-cy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-

Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. t]¿jy≥ IpSn-tb‰w

ae¶c-k-`-bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ it≤-b-

amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ae-¶-

c-k-`sb k`m-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]pjvSn-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Bflob Bh-iy-ßƒ

\nd-th-‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw t]¿jy≥

_‘w Hc-f-hp-hsc klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv

15-˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ Ah-km\ ]mZ-

Øn¬ tdma≥ ItØm-en° hnizm-kn-I-

fmb t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ hmWn-Pym-h-iy-

Øn-\mbn ae-¶-c-bn-te°v h∂p-tN¿∂p.

hmkvtImU-Km-a-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ae-

¶-c-bn¬ FØnb ]m›m-Xy-k-`mw-K-

ßƒ ae-¶-c-k-`sb tdma≥ ItØm-

en°m k`m-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v am‰p-hm≥

InW™p ian -®p. A∂p-h-scbpw

t]¿jy≥ k`-bp-ambn amXw k`m-

_‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-k-`m-a-

°ƒ°v ItØm-en°m k`mw-K-ß-fpsS

]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ AXr]vXn-bp-≠m-bn.

F∂m¬ Ime-I-taW ae-¶-c-bnse `c-

Wm-[n-Im-chpw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cmb

ItØm-en°m k`mw-K-ßƒ _e-ambn

ssI°-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ ae-¶-c-k- °v Ah-

cpsS A[n-Im-c-ap-jvIn\p ap≥]n¬ ASn-

b-dhp ]dtb≠n-h-∂p. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈

Hcp Ip]-kn≤ kw -h-amWv DZ-bw-t]-cq¿

kp∂-l-tZm-kn-eqsS kw`-hn-®-Xv. tdmam-

53

k`bpsS ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw tdmam-k-`-

bpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw k`mkw_-

‘-amb a‰v A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw kzoI-cn-

°p-hm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn® ae-¶-c-k-`-sb, DZ-

bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kn-eqsS \n¿_-

‘ambn tdmam-\p-I-Øn-\-Sn-a-bm-°n. \n -

lm-b-cmb \km-Wn-Iƒ°v Cu _mly-

i-‡nsb ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

i‡n D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ae-Ivknkv Un.

sa\-knkv F∂ tKmh≥ B¿®v _nj-

∏mWv DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚

\S-]-Sn-Isf \nb-¥n-®Xpw Xocp-am-\-

ßƒ ssIs°m-≠-Xpw. 1599 Pq¨ amk-

Øn¬ B¿®v _nj-∏ns‚ A≤y-£-X-

bn¬ tbmKw tN¿∂p. ae-¶c k`mw-K-

ß-fmbn 153 ]´-°mcpw 660 Bflm-b-

°mcpw kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ kw_-‘n-®p.

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv ssIs°m≠p

F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ,

GI-]-£o-b-ambpw \n¿_-‘-Ømepw

ssIs°m-≠n-´p-≈-h-bm-sW∂v Ncn-X-c-

N-\-Iƒ km£n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX kp∂-

l-tZm-kn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mØ Nne

\n›-b-ßfpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw sa\- nkv

]n∂oSv Fgp-Xn-t®¿Ø-Xmbpw ]d-bp-∂p.

kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ ssIs°m≠ Xocp-

am-\-ßƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

1. XnXzw, a\p-jym-h-Xm-cw, ssZh-amXmhv,

P∑-]m-]w, _kv]p¿°m-\, ]cn-ip-≤-

∑m-cpsS a≤y-ÿ-X, cq]-h-W-°w,

k`bpw AXns‚ kwL-S-\bpw, thZ-

]p-kvX-I-KŸ-ßƒ F∂nh tdma≥

ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-

ambn tbmPn-®p-t]m-IWw.

2. k -bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£≥ tdma≥ ]m∏m

amX-am-Wv, _m_n-tem¨ ]mXn-b¿-

°okv hnizm-k-hn-]-co-Xn-bpw, ioiva-

°m-c\pw BI-bm¬ At±-lsØ

Dt]-£n-°-Ww.

3. ae-¶-c-bnse ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cpsS ]ńI

kzoIm-cy-a√; AXn-\m¬ B ]ńI

Dt]-£n-°-Ww.

4. ]´-°m¿°v _“-Ncyw \n¿_-‘-am-

°-Ww.

5. ae-¶-c-k-`sb CS-h-I-I-fmbn Xncn®v

Hmtcm CS-h-I°pw hnIm-cn-amsc \nb-

an-°-Ww.

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS X\n-abpw kzmX-

¥y-hpw, ASn-®-a¿Ønb H∂m-bn-cp∂p

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kv.

Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXyw (1653)

A≥]-Øn-\mep h¿jsØ ASn-a-\p-

I-Øn¬\n∂pw ae-¶-c-k- sb kzmX-¥y-

Øns‚ Xpd-ap-J-tØ°v B\-bn® alm-

kw-`-h-amWv Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXy-Øn-

eqsS kwPm-X-am-b-Xv. 1599-˛se DZ-bw-t]-

cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kn-eqsS ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS

Bcm[\˛-hn-izm-k-˛-A-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬

Imcy-ambn am‰-ßƒ hcpØn ae-¶-c-

k`bpsSta¬ ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS

hnizm-khpw BN-c-W-ßfpw ASn-t®-

ev]n°p-Ibpw tdma≥ ]m∏m-bpsS ASn-a-

\p-I-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`sb Xf-®n-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX ae-¶-c-k`

Ac-\q -‰m -≠p-Imew F√mw kln®v

kzmX¥yw XncnsI t\Sp-∂-Xn\v X°

ka-b-Øn-\mbn t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p. Aß-

s\-bn-cns° 1652-˛¬ ""Al-Ø≈'' \ma-

[m-cn-bmbn Hcp taev]-´-°m-c≥ ae-¶-c-

bn-se-Øp-Ibpw At±-lsØ Xß-fpsS

c£-I-\mbn I≠p-sIm≠v At±-lsØ

Im◊m\pw t]m¿´p-Kokv _m‘hXz-

Øn¬ hn´p-In-´p-hm-\p-ambn ae-¶-c-k`m

a°ƒ B¿®v _nj∏v ^m≥knkv

Km¿kn-bsb kao-]n-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS kzmX-¥y-hm-©sb \J-

in-Jm¥w FXn¿Øn-cp∂ B¿®v _nj∏v

54

Al-Ø-≈sb hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-hmt\m

Im◊m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xnt\m

A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. hntZ-in-I-fpsS kzm[o-\w-

aqew sIm®n-cm-Pm-hn\p \km-Wn-Isf

klm-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-√. _e-]-tbm-

K-Øn-eqsS ae-¶-c-k-`m-a-°ƒ Al-Ø-

≈-sb tamNn-∏n-t®-°p-sa∂v Xncn-®-dn™

A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ "Al-Ø≈'sb hln-®n-

cp∂ I∏¬ sIm®n Xpd-apJw hn v t]mI-

W-sa∂v B⁄ \evIn. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ Al-Ø-≈sb h[n®v

kap-Z-Øn¬ sIń-ØmgvØn F∂ Hcp

Inwh-Z-¥nbpw ]c-∂p. tcmjm-Ip-e-cmb

ae-¶-c-k`m a°ƒ a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ Be-

ßm´v D≠m-bn-cp∂ Ipcn-ip-]-≈n-bn¬

IqSn ]Xn-⁄-sb-Sp-Øp. Cu ]Xn-⁄-

bmWv Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXyw F∂-t]-cn-

e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ipcn-in¬ BemØv

sIń kXyw sNbvX-Xn-\m¬ Ipcniv hf-

™p. XXv^-e-ambn Cu kXy-]-Jym-]-

\sØ Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXy-sa∂v hnfn-

°p∂p.

1653 P\p-hcn 3˛mw XobXn \S∂ Ncn-

X-]-kn-≤-amb Cu kw`hw ]nev°me

ItØm-en°m Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Ncn-X-

kXyw hnkva-cn -®p-sIm≠v sX‰mbn

hymJym-\n-°p-hm\pw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw

ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ""ae-¶-c-k-`-

bpsS kzmX¥ykacw'' F∂ t]cn¬

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ""Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXyw''

F√m sshtZ-inI B[n-]-Xy-Øn\pw

taevt°m-bva°pw FXn-sc-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-

∂p-sh∂v NcnXw km£n-°p-∂p. ka-

Im-eo\ Ncn-X-]-›m-Øew ]Tn-°p-∂-

h¿°v CXv h fsc hy‡-am-Wv. tdma≥

k`-bpsS Ncn-X-K-Ÿ-ti-J-c-W-Øn¬-

t]mepw AXn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv.

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXyw shdp-samcp ]l-

k-\tam tcmj-]-I-S-\tam amX-am-bn-cp-

∂n√; adn®v ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ ae-¶-c-k`

AXns‚ Bcm-[-\-˛-hn-izm-k-˛-]m-c-º-cy-

ßƒ hos≠-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp Iq´mb

ia-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k` apgp-h\pw

H∂mbn Cu ]Xy-£-k-a-c-cw-KØv ]¶p-

sIm-≈p-Ibpw tdmam-k- -sbbpw AXns‚

A\p-_-‘-ÿm-\n-I-sfbpw ae-¶-c-k-`-

bpsS-ta¬ ASn-t®-ev]n-°-s∏´ tdma≥

ItØm-en°m hnizm-k-sØbpw \ncp-]m-

[nIw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw Xß-fm-N-cn-®n-

cp∂ am¿tØmΩ ss]Xr-I-Øn-te°pw

kpdn-bm\n ]mc-º-cy-Øn-te°pw Xncn-®p-

t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn

ae-¶-c-k` BN-cn-®n-cp∂ ]mc-º-cy-

ßfpw ss]Xr-I-ßfpw ]pevInb-hsc

""]pØ≥Iq-‰p-Im¿'' F∂ t]cn¬ A[n-

t£-]n-®Xv Ncn-X-k-Xy-Øn\v \nc-°m-Ø-

Xm-sW∂ kXyw hnkva-cn-°m≥ ]mSn√.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS kzmX-¥yhpw X\n-abpw

kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \jvS-s∏´ ss]Xr-

I-ß-sfbpw ]mc-º-cy-ß-sfbpw hos≠-

Sp-°p∂-Xn-\pap≈ Hcp alm-b-⁄-am-bn-

cp∂p Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXyw.

am¿tØmΩ H∂ma\pw

F∏nkvtIm-∏bpw

1653-˛se Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXy-Øn-\p-

tijw sabvamkw 22 -˛mw XobXn

Beßm´v h®p-tN¿∂ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬

tXmΩm A¿°-Zn-bm-t°ms\ ]¥≠v

] -°m¿ tN¿∂v F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ÿm\-

tØ-°p-b¿Øn. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS F∏n-

kvtIm-∏¬ tiWn-bnse BZy hy‡n-

Xz-amWv A]-Imcw Ah-tcm-[n-X-\mb

am¿tØmΩ H∂m-a≥. am¿tØmΩ H∂m-

as‚ ÿm\-km-[p-X-sb-∏‰n A∂pw C∂pw

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ hyXykvX

A`n-]m-b-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw ae-¶-c-k`

H∂mbn BK-ln-°p-Ibpw \n›-bn-°p-

55

Ibpw sNbvX H∂m-bn-cp∂p At±-l-

Øns‚ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ÿm\m- ntj-Iw.

IqSmsX 1665-˛¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Ønb

tbcp-i-te-anse am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv

am¿tØmΩm H∂m-as‚ ÿm\sØ

km[q-I-cn-®p. sshtZ-inI saXm-∑msc

F¥n\pw GXn-\pw-th≠n Bi-bn-t°-

≠n-h∂ ae-¶-c-k- , AØ-c-samcp c-W -

ip-iqj kwhn-[m\w ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

ka-K-amb hf¿®°v A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-

am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Xt±-iob

F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ÿm\-Øn\v \mµn Ipdn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ BZy F∏n-kvtIm∏ BWv

am¿tØmΩ H∂m-a≥. ]¥≠v sshZn-

I¿ tN¿∂v Hcmsf F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬

ÿm\-tØ°v Db¿Øp∂ Iogvh-g-°hpw

Ae-Ivk-¥n-b≥ (tIm-]v‰n-Iv) k`-bn¬

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS hn -P\w

Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXyhpw XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-

Ifpw a\- n-em-°nb tdmam-k` ae-¶c

a°sf A\p-\-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw XncnsI

tdmam-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-

Xn-\p-ambn I¿Ω-eoØ anj-\-dn-am-cmb

lnbm-kn-¥v, tPmk^v sk_-kvXym\n

F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ a≤yÿ ia-

ß-fm-cw-`n-®p. tPmk^v sk_-kvXym-\n-

bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ kwLw A\p-c-

⁄-\-i-a -ß-fn¬ hnP-bn -°p-Ibpw

am¿tØmΩ H∂m-a-t\m-sSm∏w D≠m-bn-

cp∂ _lp-`q-cn-]£w P\-ßfpw CS-h-I-

Ifpw adp-]-£-tØ°v tNt°-dp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. am¿tØmΩ H∂m-as\ klm-

bn-°p-hm-\mbn CS-∏-≈n-tbmKw \nb-an-

®m-°nb \mep ]apJ sshZn-I-cn¬ c≠v

t]¿ Ipd-hn-e-ßm v ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠n IØ-

\mcpw ISp-Øp-cpØn IS-hn¬ Nm≠n

IØ-\mcpw CXn-t\m-SIw Xs∂ tdmam-

hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. 1663 P\p-hcn

7˛mw XobXn U®pIm¿ sIm®n ]nSn-s®-

Sp-Øp. XXv^-e-ambn t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-

Im¿°v ae-¶ -c -bn -ep≈ cmjvSob

kzm[o\w Ipd-™p-h-∂p. t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-

Im-sc-√m-hcpw sIm®n hnS-W-sa∂

\n¿t±iw U®p-Im¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-t∏mƒ

KXy -¥-c -an -√msX tdmam -k-` -bpsS

hnizmkw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS t\Xm-

hmbn ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠n IØ-\msc F∏n-

kvtIm-∏m-bmbn Db¿Øn. 16 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ

H∂mbn \ne\n∂n-cp∂ ae-¶-c -k`

ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS CS-s]-S¬ aqew

c≠mbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ccp-hn-`m-

K-ßfpw _≤ iXp-°-fmbn h¿Øn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS CS-s]-S¬

ae-¶-c-k-`sb XpS¿hn-`-P-\-Øn-te°pw

A[n-Imc am’-cy-Øn-te°pw hgn -

sXfn®p. ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS C∂sØ hn`m-

Ko-b-X°pw A[n-Imc a’-c-Øn\pw

\mµn-Ip-dn-®Xv tdma≥ ItØm-en°m

k`bpw AXns‚ A[n-Im-c-tam-l-hp-am-

sW∂ kXyw NcnXw km£n-°p-∂p.

hnizm-khpw ]mc-º-cyhpw A\p-jvTm-\ß-

fp-sa√mw H∂m-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-k` 17-˛mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Cßs\

hn`-P-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-bn.

ae-¶-c- -A-t¥ym-Jy≥_‘w

15-˛mw \q‰m-≠p-h-scbpw Xt±-iob

t\Xm-°-∑m-cm¬ `cn-°-s∏´ ae-¶-c-k-`,

16˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS

BK-a-\sØ XpS¿∂v tdma≥ ItØm-

en° k -bpsS c-W-Øn\v Iogn-e-a¿∂p.

GI-tZiw Ac \q‰m≠v Imew tdmam-

\pIw t]dnb ae-¶-c-k` 1653- se Iq\≥-

Ip-cniv kXy-sØ-Xp-S¿∂v ItØm-en°m

hnizm-khpw ItØm-en-°m-k- -bp-am-bp≈

56

F√m _‘-ßfpw hnt—-Zn-®-Xmbn \mw

I≠p-I-gn -™p-h-t√m. Iq\≥Ip-cniv

kXysØ XpS¿∂p-≠mb am¿tØmΩ

H∂m-as‚ ÿm\m-`n-tj-Ihpw At±-l-

Øns‚ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ÿm\-sØ-°p-

dn-®p≈ X¿°hpw ]pXnb _‘-ß-fn-

te°v ae-¶-c-k-`sb \bn-®p. 1665-˛¬

ae¶-c-bnseØnb bcp-i-te-anse am¿

KotKm-dn-tbm-kmWv At¥ym-Jy≥ _‘-

Øn\v \mµn-Ip-dn-®-sX∂v k`m-N-cn-X-Im-

c-∑m¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 16- mw \q‰m≠v-

hscbpw ae-¶-c-k-`°v t]¿jy≥ k`-bp-

ambn (s\-kvtXm-dn-b-≥) _‘-ap-≠m-bn-

cp-s∂-¶nepw At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-bp-ambn

bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AØ-

c-Øn-ep≈ Fs¥-¶nepw _‘w ae-¶-c-

k`°v At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-bp-ambn D≠m-

bn-cp-∂-Xmbn bmsXmcp Ncn-X-tcJ-I-fp-

an-√. 17-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse am¿ KotKm-dn-

tbm-kns‚ BK-a-\hpw AXp-hgn ae-¶c-

k- °v ssIh∂ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ ÿm\-

km-[pX-bp-amWv ae-¶-c-˛-A-t¥ym-Jy≥

_‘-Øn\v \mµn-Ip-dn-®-Xv. 17, 18 \q‰m-

≠p-I-fnse At¥ym-Jy≥ taev]-´-°m-

cpsS kµ¿i-\hpw kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw

ae-¶c At¥ym-Jy≥ _‘-Øn\v IqSp-

X¬ ZrVX \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1876˛¬

IqSnb apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv

ae¶c-˛ -A-t¥ym -Jy≥ _‘-Øn\v

HutZym-KnI ]cn-thjw \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp. At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-bp-am-bp≈

_‘w ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS kpdn-bm\n k`m-

]m-c-ºcyw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ klm-bn-s®-

¶nepw hnizmk-˛-B-Nm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-

fn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥

CSbm°n. ItØm-en° k`-bp-am-bp≈

_‘w ae-¶-c-bn¬ c≠v hn`-P-\-ßƒ°v

(a-e-¶c doØv Dƒs∏-sS) Imc-W-am-b-

t∏mƒ At¥ym-Jy≥ k`-bp-am-bp≈

_‘w ae¶c k`sb On∂-`n-∂-am-°n.

At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-am-bp≈

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ cq]-s∏´ k`m-hn-

`m-K-ß-fmWv sXmgn-bq¿ bmt°m-_mb

k`m-hn-`m-K-ßƒ.

hń-∏Ww

_nńjv C¥y-bn¬ tIW¬ tImfn≥

at°mfn dkn-U‚mbn `cWw \n¿∆-ln-

°p∂ ImeØv 1808- ¬ am¿tØmΩ Bdm-

as‚ (h-enb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-s‚)

Ime-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ ]n≥Kman

am¿tØmΩ Ggm-a≥ 10,500 cq] hcp∂

3000 ]qh-cm-l≥ (star pagodas) ]Xn-

h¿jw 8 iX-am\w ]en-i-\n-c-°n¬

_nójv CuÃv C¥ym Iº-\n-bn¬

ÿnc-ambn \nt£-]n-®p. 3000 ]qh-cm-l-

Øn¬ 840 ]qh-cm-l≥ am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\n∂v ]ncn-®p-≠m-

°n-bXpw _m°n-bp-≈Xv (2160) at°m-

fn-bpsS kl-I-c-W-Øn¬ e`n-®-Xp-am-bn-

cp∂p (I-∂U `mj-bnse ""_UvVn''

F∂ hm°n\v ]eni F∂¿∞w. Cu

hm°mWv aebmf-Øn¬ ""hń''bmbn

cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-®-Xv) taep-≤-cn® XpI-

bn¬ h¿jw-tXmdpw e`n-°p∂ ]eni

kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI tkh-\-]-cn-

]m-Sn-Iƒ°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°pI F∂-Xm-

bn-cp∂p Dt±-iyw. \nt£] kwJy-bpsS

]Ya ]eni am¿tØmΩ Ggm-a\pw

XpS¿∂p≈ aq∂v h¿jsØ ]eni

skan-\m-cn-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\p-th≠n

]pen-t°m-ń¬ C´q∏v dºm\pw ssI∏-‰n.

1836 hsc skan-\m-cn-bpsS ssZ\w-Zn\

\S-Øn-∏n-\mbn ÿnc-\n-t£-]-Øns‚

]eni D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. F∂m¬

]n∂oSv ]eni Bcv ssI∏-‰-W-sa∂v

]mXn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-hp-ambn X¿°-ap-

≠m-hp-Ibpw B X¿°w hń-∏-W-t°kv

F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

57

ss__nƒ ]cn- m-jbpwskan-\mcn ÿm]-\hpw

hn. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ]g-b-\n-ba

`mKw F_mb `mj-bnepw ]pXn-b-\n-b-

a-`mKw Ko°v `mj-bn-ep-amWv cNn-°-s∏-

-Xv. ]n∂oSv kºq¿Æ thZ-KŸw em‰n≥,

kpdn-bm\n, tIm]v‰n-Iv, Cw•o-jv, P¿Ω≥

XpSßn hnhn[ `mj-I-fn-te°v ]cn-`mj

sNø-s∏-´p. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy

ZiIw-hsc ae-¶-c-bnepw ]Nm-c-Øn-encp-

∂Xv kpdn-bm\n ]cn-`m-j-bn-ep≈ thZ-

K-Ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1811-˛-emWv ss__n-

fnse \mev kphn-ti-j-`m-K-ß-fpsS ae-

bmf ]cn-`mj BZy-ambn ae-¶-c-bn¬

]Nm-c-Øn-em-hp-∂-Xv. ae-bmfw ss__n-

fns‚ ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ Imbw-Ipfw ^nen-

t∏mkv dºm\pw ]pen-t°m- n¬ tPmk v

dºm\pw kp]-[m\ ]¶v hln®p F∂p

hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. ""dºm≥ ss__nƒ''

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu ]cn-`mj 1811-˛¬

t_mws_-bn¬\n∂pw A®-Sn®v ]kn-≤o-

I-cn-®p. dºm≥ ss__n-fns‚ ]kn-≤o-

I-c-W-Øn¬ Imbw-Ipfw ^nen-t∏mkv

dºm-s‚bpw t¢mUn-bkv _p°m-\-s‚bpw

]¶v ]tXyIw kvacn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1829- ¬

]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ kºq¿Æ ]pXn-b-

\n-ba ss__n-fns‚ AWn-bd inev]n-

I-fn¬ ][m-\n-I-fmWv ]pen-t°m-ń¬

C´q∏v dºm\pw s_©-an≥ s_bvenbpw.

1841-˛¬ ]g-b-˛-]p-Xnb \nb-a-k-ºq¿Æ

ss__nƒ s_©-an≥ s_bven -bp -

sSbpw tXmakv t\m¿´-s‚bpw ia-^-e-

ambn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. ae-bmfw

ss__nƒ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ tIm\m v

amØ≥ aev]m-s‚bpw IS-hn¬ ]ueqkv

am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚bpw kw`m-h-

\-I-ƒ hnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. ae-bmfw

ss__n-fns‚ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬

hntZi anj-\-dn-amcpsS, ]tXy-In®v

Bw•n-°≥ anj-\-dn-am-cpsS tkh\w

\nkvXp-e-am-Wv. s_©-an≥ s_bven,

tXmakv t\m¿´≥, sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿´v

F∂n-h¿ ]tXyI kvacW A¿ln-

°p∂p.

1815- ¬ tIW¬ a¨tdm-bpsS klm-

b-tØmsS (]p-en-t°m-ń¬-˛1) tPmk^v

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv c≠m-a\mWv ]g-b-

sk-an-\mcn F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sshZnI

]cn-io-e\ tIµw tIm´-bØv ÿm]n-

®Xv. skan-\mcn ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Bh-

iy-Øn-te-°mbn Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ hmWn-

cp∂ dmWn e£vao- mbn 16 G°¿ qanbpw

Bh-iy-amb XSn-Ifpw 20,000-˛¬ ]cw

cq]bpw kw`m-h-\-bmbn \¬In. ao\-®n-

em-dns‚ XocØv Ic-sam-gn-hmbn e`n®

ÿeØv 1814 s^_p-hcn 15-˛mw XobXn

I√n´v ]Wn Bcw-`n-®p. 1815 am¿®n¬

skan-\mcn \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v

sshZnI ]cn-io-e\w Bcw-`n-®p. ae-¶-c-

k- -bpsS c-W-kn-cm-tI-µ-ambpw sshZnI

]cn-io-e\ If-cn-bmbpw cq]-s∏´ ]g-b-

sk-an-\m-cn-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv

c≠m-a≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]¶v \nkvXp-e-

am-Wv. ae-bm-f-°-c-bn¬ BZy-ambn

Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw Bcw-`n-®Xv ]g-b-

sk-an-\m-cn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶c˛Bw-•n-°≥ _‘w

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ klm-

bn-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ AtXm-sSm-∏w-

Xs∂ k`-bpsS hn`-P-\-Øn\v Imc-W-

am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX as‰mcp k`m-_-‘-

amWv ae-¶-c-˛-Bw-•n-°≥ _‘w. 19-˛mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Im-ew-ap-X¬ ae-¶-c-

k-`bpw Bw•n-°≥ k`-bpsS anj-\-dn-

hn-`m-K-amb CMS anj-\-dn-am-cp-ambn \√

_‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k-`-

tbmSv kl-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂

Dt±-iy-tØmsS tIW¬ a¨tSm-bpsS

58

\n¿t±-i-]-Imcw N¿®v anj-\dn skm-

ssk‰n tXmakv t\m¿´¨, s_©-an≥

s_bven, sl‚n s_°¿, tPmk^v

s^≥ F∂o anj-\-dn-amsc ae-¶-c-bn-

te°v Ab-°p-Ibpw tIm´bw tIµ-

am°n Ah¿ Xß-fpsS kphn-ti-j-the

\n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. s^≥ skan-

\mcn tkh-\-Ønepw s_bven thZ-

]pkvX-I-]-cn- m-j-bnepw t_°¿ kvIqfp-

Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnepw hym]r-X-cm-bn.

anj-\-dn-am¿ Xß-fpsS ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-

°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ \ho-

I-c-Wm-i-b-ßƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-

Xn\pw ia-am-cw-`n-®p. ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS

Bcm-[-\-I-ahpw hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw

Xß-fpsS k`-bp-tS-Xp-ambn tN¿∂p-t]m-

I-Ø-°-hn[w hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ hcp-Øp-

hm≥ Ah¿ A`n-e-jn-®p. \ho-I-c-Wm-i-

b-ßsf A\p-Iq-en-®-hcpw FXn¿Ø-h-

cp-ambn c≠v hn`m-K-ßƒ XXv^-e-ambn

ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ cq]-s∏- p. \hoI-c-Wm-i-

b-ßsf k` kzoI-cn-°-Wtam X≈tWm

F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-hm-\mbn 1836- ¬ amth-

en-°-c-bn¬ Hcp k`m-tbmKw tN¿∂v

\n›b-ßƒ ssIs°m-≠p. B k`m-

tbmKw \ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ßsf X≈n

Xocp-am\w ssI-s°m-≠p. AXn-s\-bmWv

"amth-en-°c ]Sn-tbme' F∂p ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv. F∂m¬ k`-bpsS HutZym-KnI

Xocp-am\w AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ F√m-hcpw

Xøm-dm-bn-√.

sIm®n ]©m-bØv F.-Un. 1840

anj\dn-am-cp-am-bp≈ `n∂X ]c-a-

ImjvT-bn¬ FØn. tbmPn-∏v Akm-≤y-

am-sW∂v I≠-t∏mƒ k`m-kz-Øp-°ƒ

c≠mbn Xncn-°m-sa∂v Ccp-Iq- cpw Xo¿®-

s∏-Sp-Øn. CXn-\m-bn´v aq∂v bqtdm-]y-∑m-

c-S-ßnb Hcp IΩ‰n 1840 G]n¬ 14-˛\p

sIm®n-bn¬ IqSn. IΩ-‰n-bpsS Xocp-am\w

]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnbpw kzØp-°fpw hń-∏-

Whpw kpdn-bm\n k`bv°ncn-°-W-

sa∂pw tIm´bw kn.-Fw.-F-kv. tImfPpw

]cn-k-c-ßfpw k¿°m-cn¬\n∂v e`n®

20000 cq]mbpw a¨tSm Zzo]pw anj-\dn

kwL-Øn\v Ccn-°-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

s]mXp-ap-X¬ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw

hń-∏-W-∏-eni hmßp-∂-Xn\pw saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømsb IqSmsX sXc-s™-Sp-°-

s∏´ Hcp ]´-°m-c\pw Hcp Abvta-\nbpw

SÃn-I-fm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw tImSXn \n¿t±-

in-®n-cp-∂p. CX-\p-k-cn-®mWv kap-Zm-b-

S-Ãn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

]nev°m-eØv (G_lmw aev]m≥)

\ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ßƒ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-

°m≥ ian-®-h-cn¬ ]ap-J-\m-Wv ˛ XXv -

e-ambn \ho-I-c-Wm-i-b-ß-tfmSv ]Xn-

]Øn Imń-b-h¿ FXn¿hn-`m-K-ambn k`-

bn¬ XpS-cp-Ibpw Ime-I-taW AXv

as‰mcp hn -P-\-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. 1889˛se tdmb¬ tImS-

Xn-hn-[n-bn-eqsS ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬\n∂pw

\ho-I-cW hn`mKw th¿s]-Sp-Ibpw

""am¿tØmΩm k`'' F∂ t]cn¬ ]pXnb

k` cq]-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv (1876)

ae¶c-k- -bpsS Ncn-X-Ønse kp]-

[m\ kw`-h-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv apf-¥p-

cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kv. \ho-I-c-W-hn-`m-

KsØ hyh-lm-c-Øn¬ tXmev]n-°p-hm-

\mbn ae-¶-c-k` At¥ymJym ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns\ ae-¶-c-bn-te°v hcp-Øp-

Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS Hcp tbmKw apf-¥p-cp-Øn-

bn¬IqSn \n›-b-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. 1876 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬

apf-¥p-cpØn ]≈n-bn¬sh®v tN¿∂

ae¶-c-k`m ]Xn-\n[n ktΩ-f-Øn¬

ae¶c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥yhpw ]c-am-[n-

59

Im-chpw At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v

ASn-b-dhv hbv°p-∂-Xmbn Fgp-Xm≥

]mXn-b¿°okv \njv°¿jn-®p. 1873-˛¬

shfn-b-\mSv h®v tN¿∂ k`m-tbmK Xocp-

am-\-ßsf IqSmsX ae-¶c k` ]pcm-X-

\-Imew apX¬ At¥ym-Jy≥ ]mXn-

b¿°o -kns‚ A[n -Im -c -ko -a -bn¬

Dƒs∏´Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Xocp-am\w

ssIs°m≠p. \ho-I-c-W-hn-`m-KsØ

hyh-lm-c-Øn¬ tXmev]n-°p-∂-Xn\v

kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ klm-bn-

®p-sh-¶nepw k`-bpsS kzIo-b-Xbv°pw

kzmX¥y-Øn\pw Iq®p-hn-e-ßn-Sp-∂-

Xn\pw k`-bpsS hn`-P-\-Øn\pw apf-¥p-

cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv hgn -sX-fn -®p

F∂Xv ZpxJ-I-c-amb Ncn-X-k-Xy-am-Wv.

]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kmWv

apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv hnfn-®p-Iq- n-

bXpw AXn¬ A≤y-£-ÿm\w hln-®-

Xpw. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkv A©m-as‚ Ime-ØmWv

Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSp-

hm≥ CS-bm-b-Xv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ1. am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS `mc-X-k-

µ¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn®v \ne-\n¬°p∂

c≠p ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°pI?

2. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv F∂m-

se¥v? AXn-eqsS \ΩpsS k`bv°v

D≠mb tZmj-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

3. Npcp-°-ambn hnh-cn-°p-I.

1. t]¿jy≥ IpSn-tb-‰w.

2. Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXyw.

4. tXmΩm A¿°-Zn -bm-t°m≥ am¿-

tØmΩm H∂m-a-\mbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-

s∏-´-sX-ßs\?

5. ae-¶-c-k- -bnse hn -P-\-Øn\v CS-bm-

°nb kml-Ncyw hy‡-am-°pI.

6. ]kn-≤-amb hń-∏-W-t°kv F¥mWv?

7. apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv F∂m-

se¥v? AXns‚ tZmj-^-e-ßƒ

N¿® sNøp-I.

60

ae-¶c k`-bpsS kzm-X-¥-y-Øns‚bpw,

kz-bw-io¿j-I-X-z-Øns‚bpw ]Xo-I-

amWv ae-¶-c-bpsS ImtXm-en -t°-‰v.

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw

AXn\v apJm-¥n-c-amb kw -h-ßsf Ipdn-

®p-amWv Cu ]mT-`m-K-Øn¬ \mw N¿®

sNøp-∂-Xv.

1. ImtXm-en°m ˛ ]mXn -b¿°okv

ÿm\-\m-a-ßƒ

2. ImtXm-en°m ˛ a^n-bm\ ÿm\-

ßƒ t]¿j-y≥ kmam-P-y-Øn¬

3. ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-

Øns‚ ]›m-Øew

4. ImtXm-en°m ÿm]\w ae-¶-c-bn¬

5. ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´Xv ImtXm-

en-t°-t‰m, a^n-bm-t\t‰m

6. ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ]p\-ÿm-]-\tam?

ImtXm-en°m ]mXn-b¿°okvÿm\-\m-a-ßƒ

ImtXm-en°m F∂ \maw ImXv-˛-

tlm-en-t°mkv F∂ Ko°v ]Z-Øn¬

\n∂p-≠m-bn-´p-≈Xm-Wv. s]mXp-hns‚

Bƒ F∂mWv Cu hm°ns‚ A¿∞w.

F∂m¬ tdmam kmam-P-y-Øn-\p-≈n¬

kmº-ØnI Npa-Xe hln-°p∂ k¿°m-

cp-tZ-ym-K-ÿ\pw Cu t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-

ń-cp-∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ tdmam-km-am-P-y-Øn-

\p-≈n¬ ImtXm-en-t°mkv F∂ t]cv

k`m ÿm\n-Iƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-

∂n-√. F∂m¬ tdmam kmam-P-y-Øn\p

]pdØv t]¿j-y, tPm¿÷n-b, A¿ta-\nb

XpS-ßnb ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ k`m ÿm\n-

Iƒ ImtXm-en-t°mkv F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-

s∏-ń-cp-∂p. s]mXp-hns‚ Bƒ F∂Xp

IqSmsX Hcp \n›nX `q]-tZ-i-Øns‚

k-z-X¥ `cWw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ k`m

ÿm\n F∂ A¿∞-Ønepw Cu ÿm\-

\maw taev]-d™ k`-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

®n-cp-∂p.

]mXn-b¿°okv F∂ ÿm\-\maw

tdmam kmam-P-y-Øn-\p-≈n-ep-≈ k`m

ÿm\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp \ma-

t[-b-am-Wv. ][m\ ]nXmhv F∂¿∞w

hcp∂ ]m‰dn, B¿°okv F∂o Ko°v

]Z-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv ]mXn-b¿°okv

F∂ ÿm\ \maw D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. k`-

bp-tS-tbm, IpSpw-_-Øns‚tbm, h¿§

hwi-ß-fp-tStbm ][m\ Npa-X-e-°m-c≥

Cu t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. ]mXn-b¿-

°okpw ImtXm-en-t°mkpw ÿm\ \ma-

ß-fnepw AXpƒs°m-f≈p∂ A[n-Imc

Ah-Im-i-ß-fnepw Xpe-y-cm-sW∂v ta¬]-

d™ hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hy-‡-am-

W-t√m. c≠v ÿm\ \maßfpw Xpey

A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tfmsS hy-XykvX

k`m hn`m-K-ß-fnse ÿm\n-Iƒ°v D]-

tbm-Kn®ncp-∂p.

ImtXm-en-°m˛a^n-bm\ÿm\-ßƒ t]¿j-y≥ kmam-P-y-Øn¬

t]¿j-y≥ k`-bn¬ F.Un 290 t\mS-

SpØv ImtXm-en°m ÿm\w \ne-hn¬

A≤-ymbw aq∂v

ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\ NcnXw

61

h∂p. GI-tZiw ap∂qdn¬∏cw h¿j-

ßƒ°v tijw At¥-ym-J-y≥ kpdn-bm\n

k`mw-K-ß-fmbn t]¿j-y≥ kmam-P-yØn¬

A[n-h-kn-®n-cp∂ XnKo-knse k -bnepw

a^n-bm\ ÿm\w \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

t]¿j-y≥ k`-bpsS Xe-hs\ ImtXm-

en°m F∂ \ma-Ønepw XnKo-knse

k`bpsS Xehs\ a^nbm\ F∂ \ma-

Ønepw hnfn-®p-t]m-∂p. ImtXmen°m

t]¿j-y≥ k`mw-K-ß-fpsS Xeh\pw

a^n-bm\ At¥-ym-J-y≥ kpdnbm\n

k`mw-K-ß-fmbn t]¿j-y-bn¬ A[n-h-kn-

°p-∂-h-cpsS t\Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ImtXm-

en°m ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v Xpe-yÿm-

\n-bpw a^n-bm\ (êw Imbv°p-∂-h≥)

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iogvÿm-\n-bp-am-

sW∂ k¶¬∏w B Ime-ß-fn¬ \nehn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ 13˛mw \q‰m≠n\p-

tijw ImtXm-en°m a^n-bm\ ÿm\

\ma-ßƒ Xpey tcJ-I-fn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. ta¬]-d-™-h-bn¬ t]¿j-y≥ k -

bpsS ImtXm-en-°m-bp-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p

ae-¶c k` GI-tZiw ]¥≠v \q‰m-≠p-

I-tfmfw kº¿-°hpw kulr-Zhpw

]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. XnKn-knse a^n-

bm\ At¥-ym-J-y≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚

Iogvÿm\n-bpw, At¥-ym-Jy ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn\m¬ hmgn-°-s∏´ kpdn-bm\n

k`mw-K-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw kpdn-

bm\n k`mw-K-ß-fmbn XnKo -kn¬

]m¿Øn-cp-∂-h¿°v CSb ipiqj \n¿∆-

ln-®n-cp-∂p. IqSmsX XnKn-knse k`

At¥-ym-J-y≥ k`-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en°mÿm]\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øew

ae-¶c k`-bpsS ImtXm-en°m

ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-esØ Ipdn®v

Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ sshtZ-inIm-[n-]-X-y-

Øn¬ \n∂p-≈ tamN-\hpw, ae-¶-c-

k`bpsS ss\k¿§nI kzm -X - ¥y

hmRvObpw CØ-c-samcp c-W-kw-hn-[m-

\-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ k`m ]nXm-

°-∑msc t]cn-∏n®p F∂v ]Y-a-Zr-jvSym

hy-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX ae-¶-c-k -

bpsS Iam-\pK-X-amb hf¿®-bpsS `mK-

ambn ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-

\sØ ImWmhp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-

\-Øns‚ Imc-W-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-am-bXv

apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kpw, AXn-eqsS

]mXn-b¿°okv A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn t\Sn-

sb-SpØ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-fp-am-Wv.

1876˛¬ IqSnb apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-

tZmkv k -bpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcn At¥-ymJy

]mXn-b¿°o-km-sW∂pw ]pcm-X-\-Imew

apX¬ ae-¶c k` At¥-ym-J-y≥ ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ A[o-i-Xzw AwKo-I-cn-®n-

cp∂p F∂pap≈ sX‰mb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ

ssIs°m-≠p. ta¬]-d™ Xocp-am-

\ßƒ At¥-ym-Jym ]mXn-b¿°n-kn\v

k¿∆m-[n-Imcw Dd-∏m-°p-I-bpw, ae-¶c

k` At¥-ym-J-y≥ k`-bpsS `mK-am-

sW∂ \ne-]mSv kzo -I-cn -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AXp-hgn ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS \nb-

¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-te°v am‰-

s∏´p F∂ [mc-W-bp-≠m-bn. sshtZin-

I-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ ae-¶c k`-bpsS

kzm-X-¥-ysØ l\n-°p-Ibpw ae-¶c

k` Hcn-°¬ IqSn sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-X-y-

Øn¬ Aa-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ][m-\-

ambpw sshtZ -in -Im -[n -] -X -y -Øn¬

\n∂p≈ tamN\ hmRvO ae-¶-c-bnse

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-Øn-te°v hgn

sXfn-®p.

ImtXm -en°m ÿm]-\ -Øns‚

as‰mcp ]›m-Øew tdmb¬ tImSXn

hn[n-bn-eqsS \ho-I-c-W-°msc ]cm-P-b-

s∏-SpØn ae-¶c k`-bv°v hnPbw t\Sn-

62

sIm-SpØ tPmk v am¿ Znh-∂m-tk-ymkv

A©m-a\v AwKo-Im-chpw BZchpw t\Sn-

sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂ BK-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.

At¥-ym-Jym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iogn¬

t]¿j-y-bnse XnKn-kn¬ \ne-\n¬-

°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-≈ Hcp `c-W-kw-hn-

[m\w a^n-bm\ ÿm\w ae-¶-cbn¬

D≠m-I-Wsa∂pw, ]kvXpX ÿm\-

tØ°v tPmk v am¿ Znh-∂m-tk-ymkns\

Db¿Ø-W-sa-∂p-≈Xpambn-cp∂p k`mw-

K-ß-fpsS BKlw. Cu Bh-i-y-Øn-

te°v tIm\m v amØ≥ aev]m\pw h´t»-

cn¬ Xncpta\nbpw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v

IØp-Iƒ Ab-®n-cp-∂-Xmbpw NcnX

tcJ-I-fp-≠v. XnKo-kn¬ \n∂p-t]mb

a^n-bm\ ÿm\w ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]p\-ÿm-

]n-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p ae¶c k`-

bpsS Bh-i-yw. kzX¥ NpaX-e-bp-≈

`c-W-kw-hn-[m\w D≠m-I-W-sa-∂p-≈-X-

√msX ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-amtbm At¥-ym-

J-y≥ k`-bp-amtbm D≈ _‘w hnt—-

Zn-°-W-sa∂ AKlw ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-

cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bvt°m, Iq´m-fn-Iƒt°m

D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn NcnX tcJ-I-fn¬ ]d-

bp-∂n-√. ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-

\n-sb 1911 sabv 5˛mw XobXn A_vZp≈m

]mXn-b¿°okv AIm-t\m-\n-I-ambn apS-

°n-bXv ImtXm-en°m ÿm-]-\-Øns‚

Bk∂ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv.

ae-¶c k`-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-X-bp-

sSbpw Ncn-X-t_m-[-Øns‚bpw ]X-y£

e£-W-ambn ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns\ ImWm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX k`-bpsS Iam-\p-

K-X-amb hf¿®-bpsS ê-ambn cq]w

sIm≠ kz-X¥ `cW kwhn-[m-\-hp-

ambn ImtXm-en -t°-‰ns\ Z¿in-°m-

hp-∂-XmWv. ]ucm-WnIXbpw NcnX

t_m[hpw ÿm\ hf¿®-bp-sa√mw

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]\ Imc-W-ß-

fmbn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]\wae-¶-c-bn¬

]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

apS°v ae-¶-c-k-`-bn-em-I-am\w henb

tImfn-f°w krjvSn-®p. ae-¶-c-bnse

_lp `qcn-]£w ]≈n-Ifpw P\-ßfpw

h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂mtkym-kn-t\m-

sSm∏w AWn \nc-∂p. At¥-ym-Jy ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ Cu hn[-ap-≈ CS-s]-S-

epIƒ°v hncm-a-an-Sp-∂-Xn\pw taen¬

CØcw ]iv\-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-

°p-hm-\p-≈ am¿§-ßƒ kzo-I-cn-°-W-

sa∂v Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. A_vZp-≈

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ap≥Km-an-bmbncp∂

A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-b¿°okns\

hnhcw [cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw At±lw ae-¶c

k`bpsS £W-]-Imcw 1912 Pq¨ amkw

13˛mw XobXn ae-¶-c-bn-se-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

am¿ Znh-∂m-tk-ymkv Bdm-as‚

A≤y-£-X-bn¬ ]cp-a-e-bn¬ IqSnb

amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n tbmKw I≠-\mSv CS-

h-I-bpsS apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ ]utemkv am¿

Chm-\n-tbm-kns\ ImtXm-en°m Bbn

hmgn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-®p. AX-\-kp-

cn®v 1912 sk]v‰w-_¿ 15˛mw XobXn Rmb-

dmgvN \ncWw henb ]≈n-bn¬ h®v

am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\ am¿ _tk-en-

tbmkv F∂ \ma-Øn¬ A_vtZZv

aninlm ]mXn-b¿°okv A≤-y-£-\mb

ae-¶c kp∂-l-tZmkv ImtXm-en°m

Bbn hmgn-®p. Aßs\ ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬

ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p.

ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏- XvImtXm-en-t°-t‰m, a^n-bm-t\t‰m?

ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]n-X-am-bXv ImtXm-

en-t°-‰m-sW∂pw a-^n-bm-t\-‰m-sW-∂p-

ap-≈ c≠v A`n-]m-b-ßƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

]cn -ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw

63

tIm\m v amØ≥ aev]m\pw At¥-ym-Jym

]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v Ab-®p-sh∂v ]d-b-s∏-

Sp∂ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ a^n-bm\ ÿm\-

tØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ ÿm]-\-sØ-°p-

dn-®p-ap-≈ Bh-i-y-amWv D∂-bn-®n- p-≈-Xv.

F∂m¬ ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-tØm-S-

\p-_-‘n®v A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® I¬∏-\-I-fn¬

am¿ _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ]Y-a≥

_mhmsb ImtXm-en°m AYhm a^n-

bm\ F∂mWv kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. ta¬∏-d™ Hcp I¬∏-\-bn¬

C]-Imcw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

In response to your request, we haveordained our beloved Ivanios as Baselioswith the name Maphrian or Catholicos ofthe East that is the See of the Apostle MarThoma India and elsewhere” (V.C Samuel,Truth Triumphs, MOC, Kottayam, 46)1912 sk]v‰w-_¿ 17˛mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-

Sp-hn® ]kvXpX I¬∏\bn¬ ae-¶-c-

k- -bpsS At]£ ]Imcw C¥-y-bnepw

a‰p -ap -≈ am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ ]uc-kvXy ImtXm-

en°m AYhm a^n-bm-\m-bmbn am¿

Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns\, _tk-en-tbmkv

F∂ \ma-Øn¬ hmgn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v. ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]n-

°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Dt±-in-®-Xpw BK-ln

-®Xpw a^n-bmt\‰m-sW-¶nepw AXns\

ImtXm-en-t°-‰mbpw I¬∏-\-bn¬ hnti-

jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IqSmsX 1913 s^_p-

hcn amkw F´mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®

I¬∏-\-bnepw ae-¶-c-bpsS k`m Xe-

hs\ ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn hnti-jn-∏n-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. I¬∏\ C]-Imcw hmbn-°p-

∂p. When the Catholicos passes away,your bishops have the legitimate right toordain another person in the place” ta¬∏-

d™ c≠v I¬∏-\-I-fnepw ae-¶-c-k-`m-

≤-y-£s\ ImtXm-en°m F∂v hnti-jn-

∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ae¶c k` BK-ln-®Xv

a^n-bm-t\-‰m-sW-¶nepw ê-Øn¬ ae-

¶-c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]n-X-am-bn.

ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS A[n-Im-c-h-Im-i-ßƒ

hnh-cn-°p∂ I¬∏-\-bnepw a^n-bm\

ÿm\-Øn\v AXo -X -amb AYhm

ImtXm-en°m ÿm\n-Iƒ°v \n¿-∆-ln-

°m-hp∂ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tf-°p-dn-

®mWv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Bb-Xn-\m¬

ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]n-X-am-bXv kz-X¥

ImtXm-en-t°-‰m-Wv.

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ÿm]-\-tam, ]p\-ÿm-]-\tam

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\w, ]p\-ÿm-

]-\-sa∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp -hm≥

Fßs\ CS-bmbn. ImtXmen-t°-‰ns‚

ÿm]\w ]p\-ÿm-]-\-ambn NnXo-I-cn-

°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-≠mb Imc-W-ßƒ Xmsg

]d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

1) XnKo-knse a^n-bm-t\-‰mWv ae-¶-

c-bn-te°v am‰n ÿm]n-®Xv F∂

t_m[-yhpw AØ-c-Øn-ep-≈ ]N-c-

W-hpw.

2) ae-¶-c-k` XnKoknse k -bpsS mK-

am-bn-cp∂p F∂ [mcW

3) ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en-°m, XnKo-

knse ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS AtX

hnti-j-W-]-Z-amb ]uc-kvXy ImtXm-

en°m F∂ Xe-s°´v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂-Xn-\m¬

4) XnKn-knse ImtXm-en-t°‰v \n∂p-

t]m-bn-sb∂pw AXn-t∏mƒ \ne-hn-

en√ F∂p-ap-≈ [mc-W.

ta¬]-d™ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ae-¶-c-

bnse ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]-\w

]p\-ÿm-]-\-sa∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

hm≥ XpS-ßn. F∂m¬ Ncn-X-]-c-amb

64

]›m-Øew a\ nem°n Nn¥n-°p-

tºmƒ ta¬]-d™ Imc-W-ßƒ Ahm-

kvX-h-am-sW∂pw Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]p\-

ÿm-]-\-a-√, ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]-

\-am-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

XoKo-knse a^n-bm-t\-‰-√, adn®v

AtX A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

ImtXm-en-t°-‰mWv ae-¶-c-bn¬ ÿm]nX-

am-b-Xv. ae-¶c k` XnKo-knse k`-

bpsS mK-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂Xv Hcp NcnX

hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. IqSmsX Htc hnti-

jW ]Z-ß-tfm, \ma-ßtfm D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-h¿ Htc ÿm\sØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w

sNø-W-sa-∂n-√. XnKo-knse a^n-bm-

t\‰v At¥-ym-Jym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬

kpdn-bm\n k`mw-K-ß-fm-b-h¿°p-th≠n

ÿm]n-X-amb Hcp `cW kwhn-[m-\-

ambn-cp-∂p. XnKo-knse k` At¥-ym-

J-y≥ k`-bpsS `mK-hp-am-bn-cp∂p.

ae-¶c k`-bpsS ImtXm-en-t°‰v

apºv as‰ßpw ÿm]n-°-s∏- n- n√ F∂p-

≈Xpw ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en-t°‰v

ae¶c k`mw-K-ßƒ°v th≠n ae-¶c

k -bpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-cm¬ c-n°-s∏-Sp∂

`cW kwhn-[m-\-am-sW∂p≈-Xp-amb

hkvXp-X-Iƒ ae-¶-c-bpsS ImtXm-en-t°-

‰ns‚ ÿm]-\-sa∂ hkvXp-Xsb km[q-

I-cn-°p-∂p. 1912 ¬ ae-¶-c-bn¬ ImtXm-

en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]-\-amWv \S-∂Xv F∂v

CXn-eqsS a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. ImtXm-en-°m, ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, a^n-

bm\ F∂o ÿm\-\m-a-ß-fpsS Hcp

Xmc-Xay ]T\w \S-Øp-I.

2. ae-¶-c-bnse ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-

Øns‚ ]›m-Øew hnh-cn-°p-I.

3. ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]\w ]p\x-

ÿm-]-\-ambn NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-

≠mb Imc-W-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

4. ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-Øn-\mbpw ae-

¶-c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn-\mbpw

]cn-i-an® k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Pohn-

X-ssh-in-jvSy-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

5. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bv°p-

th≠n ]tXyIw ]m¿∞n-°p-I.

65

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-Øn\v tij-

ap≈ ae-¶-c-k`m NcnXw k`-bpsS

hf¿®-bp-sSbpw Db¿®-bp-sSbpw \mfp-I-

fm-Wv. kzm-X-¥-y-t_m-[-hpw, X\n-abpw

ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v icn-bmb Znim-t_m[w

\¬Ip-Ibpw ae-¶c k` temtIm-Øc

k`-I-fpsS KW-Ønte°v Db-cp-∂-Xn-

\p≈ km≤-y-X-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. B[p-\nI Ime-L- -Ønse

kp]-[m\ kw`-h-ßƒ Cu A≤-ym-b-

Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

1. ae-¶-c-k`m c-W-L-S\m cq]o-I-cWw

2. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm ˛ ImtXm-

en°m ÿm\-e-b\w

3. 1958 se _lp. kp]ow tImSXn

hn[nbpw k`m kam-[m-\hpw

4. ae-¶-c -k-`bpw FI-yp -sa -\n -°¬

]ÿm-\hpw

5. anj≥ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

`c-W-L-S\ cq]o-I-cWw˛1934

C¥y kzm -X - ¥-am -Ip -∂-Xn\pw

C¥-y≥ c-W-L-S\ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

apºpXs∂ C¥-y-bnse ssIkvXh k -

bmb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` Hcp

`c-W-L-S\ cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv \S-

∏n¬ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈Xv

A`n-am-\m¿l-amb Hcp NcnX hkvXp-X-

bm-Wv. 1934 Unkw-_¿ amkw 26˛mw

XobXn tIm´bw Fw.Un skan-\mcnbn¬

IqSnb ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n InkvX-ym\n

Atkm-kn-tb-j-\mWv k`m c-W-L-S\

]m m-°n-b-Xv. ae-¶c k`-bpsS kzm-X-

¥-yhpw X\n-abpw ImØv kq£n-°p-∂-

Xn\pw, sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xyw sNdp°p-

∂Xn\pw k`m `c-W-L-S\ cq]o-I-cWw

klm-bn®p F∂Xv ]tX-yIw kvacn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p.

1911 apX¬ 1934 hsc-bp-≈ Ime-L´w

kwL¿j- -cn-X-hpw, F∂m¬ kam-[m-\m-

tem-N-\-I-fn-eqsS kam-[m-\-¥-cn£w

ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp Ime-am-

bn-cp-∂p. 1928˛¬ IqSnb ae-¶c Atkm-

kn-tb-j≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n, io. H.Fw.

sNdn-bms‚ t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ Hcp `c-W-

L-S\m k_v IΩ-‰nsb Npa-X-es∏-Sp-Øn.

\nb-a-kw-lnX F∂ t]cn¬ Cu IΩ‰n

Hcp ]mY-anI tcJ Xøm-dm-°n. AtX-

k-abw Xs∂ ]cn-ip≤ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta\nbpw kz-¥-ambn Hcp `c-W-L-S\m

\°¬ Xøm-dm-°p-∂p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-

ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw `c-W-

LS\m cq]o-I-cW ka-Xnbpw Xøm-dm-

°nb \°-ep-Isf Ipdn-®p-≈ ]T-\-ß-fpw,

N¿®-Ifpw \S-°th, 1934 s^_p-hcn

23˛\v h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Ime-b-h\nI

]qIn. 1934 Unkw-_¿ 26˛\v IqSnb ae¶c

A≤-ymbw \mev

ae-¶-c-k` B[p-\nI bpK-Øn¬

66

kpdn-bm\n InkvX-ym\n Atkm-kn-tb-

j≥ `c-W-L-S\ k_v IΩ‰n AwKo-I-

cn®v ka¿∏n® `c-W-L-S\mcq]w ]m m-

°p-Ibpw 1935˛¬ ]kvXpX `c-W-L-S\

\ne-hn¬ hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1934˛¬

AwKo-I-cn® k`m `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬

13 A≤-ymb-ßfpw, 127 hIp-∏p-Ifpw D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. \ne-hn-ep-≈ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬

13 A≤-ymb-ßfpw 135 hIp-∏-Ifpw D≠v.

Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep-≈ `c-W-L-S\ 1951,

1967, 1997, 2006, 2012 F∂o h¿j-ß-fn¬

t`Z-KXn sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.

ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm˛ImtXm-en°m ÿm-\-e-b\w

ae-¶ck -bpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb hf¿-

®-bpsS L´-ß-fn¬ cq]o-Ir-X-amb c≠v

ÿm\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ae-¶c saXm-

t∏meoØm ÿm\hpw ImtXm-en°m

ÿm\hpw. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠p-h-sc-

bp≈ ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS NcnXw ]Tn-°p-

tºmƒ am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bn¬ \n∂v

Bcw-`n® At∏m-kvtXm-enI ss]Xr-

Ihpw ssIhbv]pw k`m ÿm\n-I-fn-

eqsS \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw XpS¿∂p F∂v

\mw ImWp-∂p. am¿tØmΩm «olm-bn¬

\n∂v \¬hcw ]m]n® `mc-X-k-`bpsS

BZy ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ XpSßn ImtXmen-

°m-tbmfw B At∏m-kvtXm-enI tiWn

\o≠p \n¬°p-∂p. BZna ssIkvXh

]mc-º-c-y-ß-fn¬ F∂-t]mse ae-¶c

k`-bpsS BZy ]nXm-°-∑msc aq∏-∑m¿

Ft∂m A≤-y-£-∑msct∂m Adn-b-s∏-

ń -cn -°mw. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ PmXn°v

I¿Ø-h-y≥, A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m≥ F∂o

t]cp-I-fn¬ k`m-≤-y-£-∑m¿ Adn-b-

s∏ńcp-∂-Xmbn NcnXw km£n-°p-∂p.

1653˛se k`m kzm-X-¥y ]J-ym-]-\-

tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ae-¶c k`m-≤-y-£≥

am¿tØmΩm F∂ ÿm\-t∏-cn¬ Adn-

bs∏-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Aßs\ am¿tØm-

Ωm-am-cpw, Ah-cpsS ]n≥Km-an-I-fmbn

ae¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw ae-¶c

k`sb kp[ocw \bn-°p-Ibpw 1912˛se

ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]-\-tØmsS c≠v

kp]-[m\ ÿm\-ßƒ ae-¶c k`-bn¬

cq]w sIm≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ae-¶c k -

bpsS euIo-Ihpw sshZo-Ihpw Bflo-

b-hp-amb `c-W-Øns‚ ][m\ `mc-hm-

ln-Xzw hln-°p∂ ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-

Ømbpw aqtdm≥ IqZm-i, saXm- n-tj-Iw,

XpS-ßnb Npa-X-e-I-tfm-sSm∏w kp∂l-

tZmkv A≤-y£ ]Zhnbpw Ae-¶-cn-

°p∂ ImtXm-en°m ÿm\-hpw. 1912

apX¬ 1934 hsc Cu c≠v ÿm\-ßfpw

c≠mbn \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw F∂m¬

1934˛se ae¶c kpdn-bm\n InkvX-ym\n

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ c≠v ÿm\-ß-fpw

Hcm-fn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw Xocp-

am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ ae-¶-

c-k-`-bpsS c≠v kp]-[m\ ÿm\-ßƒ

H∂m-bn-tN¿∂v ]uc-kvXy ImtXm-en-

°mbpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw

F∂ \ma-t[-b-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥

XpS-ßn. Aßs\ ImtXm-en°m ae-¶c

kpdn-bm\n InkvX-ym\n Atkm-kn-tb-

js‚ ]kn-U‚pw ae-¶c k`-bpsS

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-bp-am-bn. Cu

ÿm\-eb\w ae-¶c k -bpsS ZpX-KXn-

bn-ep-≈ hf¿®sb hf-sc-tbsd klm-

bn-®p.

1958˛se _lp. kp]ow tImSXnhn[nbpw k`m kam-[m-\hpw

1912 se ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm-]-\-tØ-

Xp-S¿∂v k -bn¬ n∂X cq£-am-hp-Ibpw

_mhm I£n-sb-∂pw, saXm≥ I£n-sb-

∂p-ap-≈ t]cn¬ Ccp hn`m-K-ßfpw ]c-

kv]c a’-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hmZn-

bmbpw ]Xn-bmbpw Ccp-hn-`m-K-ßfpw

67

tIkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂

A\p-c-RvP\ ia-ßfpw \S-∂n-cp-∂p.

A\p-c-RvP-\-i-a-ß-sf√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-

s´-¶nepw 1958 sk]v‰w-_¿ 12˛mw XobXn

_lp. kp]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n D≠m-bn.

_lp. kp]ow tImSXn ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`bv°v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n

]d-bp-Ibpw AtX XpS¿∂v ae-¶-c-k-`-

bn¬ kam-[m\w ]p\-ÿm-]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. No v PÃnkv Fkv. B¿. Zmkv

A≤-y-£-\mb A©wK _©mWv hn[n

]J-ym-]n-®-Xv. No v PÃn-kns\ IqSmsX

PÃnkv K-h-Xn, PÃnkv kn≥l, PÃnkv

kp∫-dm-hp, PÃnkv hm¶p F∂n-h¿

Unhn-j≥ _©nse AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

1938˛¬ ]mXn-b¿°okv mKw ImtXm-

en-°mbpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-

am-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv Zzn-Xo-b≥ _mhm-

bvs°-Xnsc sImSpØ tIkmWv ]e

hn[n Xo¿∏p-Ifpw IS∂v 1958˛¬ _lp

kp]ow tImSXn hn[n-bn-eqsS Ah-km-

\n-®-Xv. 1946˛¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

bvs°-Xnsc hn[n D≠m-sb-¶nepw A∏o¬

hmZw tI´v _lp kp]ow tImSXn

1958˛¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-°-\p-Iq-e-

ambn hn[n ]J-ym-]n-®p. ]kvXpX hn[n

ae-¶c k`-bpsS kam-[m-\-Øn\v apJm-

¥n-c-ambn `hn-®p.

1958˛se hn[n-°p-tijw ImtXm-

en°m ]£Øpw ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£-

Øp-ap-≈ F√m saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]Xn-\n[n am¿ bqen-

tbmkpw Dƒs∏´ kwLw 1958 Unkw-

_¿ 16˛\v tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬

IqSp-I-bpw, cmXn ]Xn-s\m∂v aWn°v

]c-kv]c kzo-I-c-W-Øns‚ IØp-Iƒ

ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ (C-·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v

XrXn-b≥) ]Xn\n[n am¿ bqen-tbmkpw

Koh¿Kokv Zzn-Xo-b≥ _mhbpw ]c-

kv]cw IØp-Iƒ ssIamdn k`-bn¬

kam-[m\w ssIh-cn-®p.

1958˛¬ k`-bn¬ kam-[m\w ]p\-

ÿm-]n-®p-sh-¶nepw XpS¿∂pw Atem-k-

cßƒ Aßnßmbn s]m¥n -h∂p.

tIkp-I-fpw, XpS¿ tIkp-I-fp-ambn Hcp

\q‰m-≠n-e-[nIw ae-¶c k` hn`-Pn-X-

ambn Ign-bp-∂p. k`m kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-

tijw \S-∂n-´p-≈ hmZ-˛-]-Xn-hm-Z-ß-

fpsS A¥na Xocp-am\w 1995 ¬ _lp.

kp]ow tImSXn hn[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

F∂m¬ XpS¿∂p-≈ hn[n-Iƒt°m,

kam-[m-\-i-a-ßƒt°m A¥n-a-amb

hnPbw ssIh-cn-°m-\m-bnń-√. _lp.

kp]ow tImSXn Xs∂ kam-[m\ ia-

ßƒ hnP-b-Øn-se-Øn-°p-hm≥ \SØnb

ia-am-bn-cp∂p 2002˛se Atkm-kn-tb-

j≥. Ncn-X-Øn-em-Z-y-ambn ae-¶c kpdn-

bm\n InkvX-ym\n Atkm-kn-tbj≥

tbmKw kp]ow tImSXn PÃn-kmb

PÃnkv afn-a-Tns‚ \oco-£-W-Øn¬

\SØ-s∏-´p. 2002 am¿®v 20˛\v \S∂

]kvXpX Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmKw

_tk-en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amX-yqkv

Zzn-Xo-b≥, Ia-]-Im-c-ap-≈ ae-¶c saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-sb∂v thms´-Sp -∏n -eqsS

ÿnco-I-cn-®p. Zu¿`m-K-y-sa∂v ]d-b-s´,

]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w Ah-km\ \nanj-

Øn¬ AXn¬ \n∂pw ]n∑m-dn. XpS¿∂v

B hn`mKw \ntj-[m-fl-I-ambn ]Xn-Icn-

°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ C∂pw ae-¶c k`-bn¬

kam-[m\w Hcp aco-Nn-I-bmbn \ne-sIm-

≈p∂p.

ae-¶c k`bpwFI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\hpw

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠v k`m Ncn-X-

Øn¬ hf-sc-tbsd i≤n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp

ImeL -am-Wv. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-

\-ß-fpsS Bhn¿`mhw hnL-SnX k`m

68

kaq-l-ßsf H∂n®p Iq´p-hm-\pw, sFIy

k‘n kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-hm\pw

]mtbm-KnI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ H∂n®v

]h¿Øn-∏m\pw CS-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ae-

¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` F∂pw CØcw

ia-ßƒ°v Xm¬]-c-yhpw Bflm¿∞-

amb kl-I-c-Whpw ImWn-®n-´p-≠v. 1948

BwÃ¿Uman¬ HutZ-ym-Kn-I-ambn cq]w

sIm≠ AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-

ens‚ ÿm]-Imw-K-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv ae-

¶ck` F∂p-≈Xv ae-¶c k`-bpsS

FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ Xm¬]-c-ysØ Nq≠n

°mWn-°p -∂p. AJne temIk`m

Iu¨kn-ens‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\v apºpw

ae-¶c k` FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ cwK-ß-fn¬

kPoh km∂n-≤yw Adn-bn-®n-´p -≠v.

Koh¿Kokv Zzn -Xo-b≥ _mhm, tUm.

]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-

ta\n, tUm nen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm^n-

temkv Xncp-ta\n, Ae-Ivkn-tbmkv am¿

tXthm-tZm-tk-ymkv Xncp-ta-\n, m. tUm.

hn.-kn. imap-th¬, ^m. tUm. sI. Fw.

tPm¿Pv, ^m. tUm. tP°_v Ipc-y≥,

kmdm Nmt°m XpSßn At\-I¿ ae-¶c-

k-`-bpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn FI-yp-sa-\n-

°¬ k`-I-fn¬ kPo-h-km-∂n-≤yw Adn-

bn-®n- p-≠v. ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS I£n-h-g°pw

B`-y-¥-c-]-iv\-ßfpw k`-bpsS FI-yp-

sa-\n-°¬ ]Xn-—m-b°v aß-te¬∏n-®n-

´p≠v F∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

anj≥ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

ae-¶c k`bv°v am¿tØmΩm H∂m-

a≥ tXmakv A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m≥ Bbncn-

°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Hm¿U¿ Hm^v sk‚ v

tXmakv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp k\-ymk

]ÿm\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Ncn-X-

Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øn-bn -´p -≠v. C∂v

ae¶c k`-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≈ `qcn-]£w

k\-ym-km-i-a-ß-fp-sSbpw Bhn¿`mhw

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ßtfm

AXn-\p-ti-jtam BWv. dm∂n s]cp-\mSv

_Y\n Bi-aw 1918˛epw ]Ø-\m-]pcw

au≠v Xmt_m¿ Zbdm 1929˛epw tImb-

º-Øq¿ XSmIw InkvXp-in£ym-iaw

1936-˛epw ]pXp-∏mSn sk‚ v t]mƒkv

Biaw 1958˛epw sNß-a-\mSv t_Xv-

etlw Biaw 1960˛epw dm∂n tlmfn

Sn\n‰n Biaw 1970˛epw ssae] am¿

Ipdnbm-s°mkv Zbdm 1985˛epw ÿm]n-

X-ambn. k\-ym-km-i-a-ß-tfm-sSm∏w

Xs∂ k\-ym-kn\n aT-ßfpw ÿm]n-

Xambn F∂p-≈Xv hnkva-cn-®pIqSm.

Aßs\ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠v ae-¶c k -

bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb kzm-

[o\w sNep-Øn.

k\-y-km-i-a-ß-fpsS ÿm]-\-tØm-

S\p-_-‘n®v kphn-ti-j-oI-cW ]h¿-Ø-

\-ßfpw ae-¶c k -bn¬ cq]w sIm≠p.

1924˛¬ A¿Øp-¶¬ Koh¿Knkv IØ-

\mcpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ cq]o-Ir-X-amb

]uckvXy kphn -tij kamP-hpw,

Fw. ]n. ]tXmkv siΩm-is‚ t\Xr-X-z-

Øn¬ Bcw- n® …o_m-Zmk kaq-lhpw

CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. IqSmsX Fw.

hn. tPm¿Pv siΩm-is‚ (A`nhµy

Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-

ta-\n) t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ 1953˛¬ sk‚ v

t]mƒkv kphn-tij kwLhpw ÿm]n-

X-am-bn.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. "ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\-Øn-\p-tijw

ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v icn-bmb Hcp Znim-

t_m[w \¬Ip-hm≥ k`m `c-W-L-

S\m cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\p Ign-™p.' Cu

hmZw ka¿∞n-°p-I.

2. sNdnb Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I.

1. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-˛-Im-tXm-

en°m ÿm\-e-b-\w.

69

2. ae-¶c k`bpw FIyq-sa-\n-°¬

]ÿm-\-hpw.

3. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse

anj≥]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

KŸ-kq-NnI

1. ^m. hn. kn. imap-th¬, B[p-\nI

`mcX-k-`, Znh-y-t_m-[-\w, tIm´bw

1987

2. kn. hn. sNdn-bm≥, Orthodox Chris-tianity in India; A History of theMalankara Orthodox Church AD - 52-2002, Academic Kottayam, 2003

3. Joseph Cheeran, the Indian OrthodoxChurch of St. Thomas (A.D 52-2009)Kottackal, Kottayam 2009

4. k`m hn⁄m\tImiw, Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw 1993

5. ^m. Fw. H. tPm¨, tbdp-i-te

-an¬ \n∂v, Znh-y-t_m-[-\w, tIm´bw,

2000

6. ^m. hn. kn. imap-th¬, k` hf-

cp∂p, Znh-y-t_m-[-\w, tIm´bw 1991

7. ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\ Ncn-Xw,

k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]ªn -t°-j≥,

tIm´bw, 2009

70

BapJw

kaq-l-Øns‚ am‰-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v

IpSpw-_-tØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ ho£-W-ßfpw

amdn -bn -´p -≠v . Xs∂-bp -a√ hnhn[

kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw tZ-iß-fnepw aX-ß-

fnepw Htc ho£Ww Cu°m-c-y-Øn¬

]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bm≥ km[n-

°p-I-bn-√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw \ap°v IpSpw-

_-sØ-°p-dn-®v Hcp InkvXob ho£Ww

Dƒs°m-t≈-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. s]mXp-hmbn

F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ Hcp bmYm¿-

∞yap-≠v. Hcp hy-‡n-bpsS PohnXw

Icp]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw A[nIw

kzm-[o\w sNep-Øp-∂Xv IpSpw -_-

am-Wv. IpSpw-_sØ ]e \ne-I-fn¬

ho£n-°mw.

1. _tbm-f-Pn-°¬ AYhmPoh-im-kvX-]-c-amb ho£-Ww

]Ir-Xn-bnse Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v Hcp

Ia-ap-≠v. AXv Hcp ]mb-am-Ip-tºmƒ

CW tN¿∂v k¥-Xnsb P\n-∏n-°pw.

Ipsd-°mew kz¥w Ipń-Isf hf¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-I-gn™v amXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ, a°ƒ F∂ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-tØmsS-

bp-≈ Hcp PohnX Iao-I-cWw D≠m-Ip-

∂n-√.

2. sskt°m-f-Pn-°¬ AYhma\xim-kvX-]cw

kvXobv°pw ]pcp -j\pw a\kv

Xpd∂v ]¶n-Sp-hm-\pw, kvt\lhpw Icp-

Xepw ]¶p hbv°p-hm-\p -ap≈ Hcp

sshIm-cn-I-amb BKlw ss\k¿§n-I-

ambp≠v. IpSpw_ _‘-Øn¬ IqSn AXv

\nd-th-dp-∂p.

3. sImta-gvk-y¬ AYhmkmºØnIw

kmº-ØnI kpc-£n-X-Xzw F√m-h-

cp-sSbpw \ne-\n¬∏n\pw hf¿®bv°pw

Bh-i-y-am-Wv. ]tX-y-In®v \n -lm-b-cmb

Ip™p-ßƒ amXm-]n-Xm°-fpsS kwc-£-

W-bn¬ amXta hf¿Øs∏Sp-∂p≈p-

ht√m.- Ip-Spw_w AXn-\p-≈ ][m\ D]m-

[n-bm-Wv.

4. tkmtj-ym-fPn-°¬ AYhmkmaq-lnIw

a\p-j-y≥ BX-y-¥n-I-ambn kmaq-ly

Pohn-bm-Wv. kaqlw \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-

¶n¬ AXn-\-IØp Xs∂ IaoIrX-amb

Hcp LS\ Bh-i-y-ap≠v. AØ-c-Øn¬

kaq-l-Øns‚ G‰hpw sNdnb bqWn-

‰mbn IpSpw_w \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. AXp-

bqWn‰v \mev

InkvXob IpSpw_w

A≤ymbw H∂v

thZ-]p-kvXI ASn-ÿm\w

71

sIm-≠mWv IpSpw_w \∂m-bm¬ kaqlw

\∂m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

InkvXob ho£Ww

Cu ]d™ \mep ho-£W-ß-tfbpw

AXns‚ ka-K-X-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≠v,

AXnep-]-cn-bmb Hcp ImgvN∏mSv thZ-

]p-kvXIw \¬Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv IpSpw_-

Øns‚ Npa-X-eIƒ F√mw \n¿∆-ln-°-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv ssZh CjvS-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-

bn-´m-bn-cn-°-Ww. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬

IpSpw_w F∂ kwhn-[m\wXs∂ ssZh-

Øns‚ krjvSn-bnepw ]cn-]m-e-\-Ønepw

Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. thZ-]pkvXI

ASn-ÿm\ßsf Npcp-°-ambn ]Xn-]m-

Zn-°mw.

1. IpSpw-_sØ ssZhw krjvSn®p(D-ev]Øn 1:25˛26; 2)

IpSpw-_sØ ssZhw krjvSn®p

F∂-Xns‚ c≠v hnh-c-W-ßƒ \mw thZ-

]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hmbn-°p-∂p. H∂m-asØ

hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Fßs\ krjvSn \SØn

F∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ssZh-

km-Zr-i-yhpw kz-cq-]-hpw krjvSn-bn¬

BZy amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°-√msX as‰mcp

Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw \¬In-bn-ń√ F∂v

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ssZh-k-z-`m-hØn¬

a\p-j-y¿ hfcW-sa∂pw Nn¥-sIm-≠pw

hm°p-sIm≠pw ]hr-Øn-sIm≠pw

ssZhsØ shfn-s∏-Sp -Ø-W-sa∂pw

ChnsS Dt±-in-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. c≠m-

asØ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ BZ-y-am-Xm-]n-Xm-

°sf Fßs\ krjvSn®p F∂p≈ hni-

Zo-I-c-W-amWv \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. BZm-

ans‚ aq°n¬ Poh-i-zmkw DuXn Ahs\

krjvSn-®Xpw Ahs‚ hmcn-sb-√n¬

\n∂v l∆msb krjvSn-®-Xp-sams° IpSpw-

_sØ ssZhw Xs‚ ssIIƒ sIm≠v

sa\-™p-≠m°n F∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-

\m-Wv. At\-ym-\yw Iq´m-fn-Ifpw ]¶m-fn-

Ifpambn h¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂mWv ChnsS

A¿∞am-°p-∂Xv. A√msX BZm-an-t\-

°mƒ Xmsg Zmkn-bpsS ÿm\-amWv

l∆mbv°v \¬In-bn -cn -°p -∂-sX∂v

]n¬°m-eØv Nne-scms° hym-J-ym-\n-

®p-sh-¶nepw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ A]-

Imcw hnh-£n-°p-∂n-√. At\-ym-\-y-ap-≈

_‘Øns‚ ZrVXbmWv ChnsS

FSpØv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

2. hnhml _‘wth¿]n-cn-°m-\m-hn√(hn.-a-Ømbn 19:1˛12)

hnhml IqZm-i-bpsS ka-bØv

hmbn-°p∂ kphn-ti-j-`m-K-amWv CXv.

blq-Z-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ sNdnb Imc-y-

ßƒ ]d™v `mc-y-amsc Dt]-£n-°p∂

]Xnhv D≠m-bn-cp∂p. I¿Ømhv AXv

AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. hnhm-l-Øn¬ `mcym

`¿Øm-°-∑m¿ XΩn¬ ]c-kv]c DS-ºSn

D≠m-°p-I-b-√, ssZh-tØm-SmWv Ah-

cpsS DS-ºSn F∂v hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.

ssZhw tbmPn-∏n-®-Xm-I-bm¬ a\p-j-y\v

th¿]n-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂

]Tn-∏n-°¬ k` Kuc-h-am-bmWv ho£n-

°p-∂-Xv. h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ hnhmltamN\-

ßƒ, ssZhCjvS-Øn\v tN¿∂-X√m

F∂v a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

3. I¿Ømhpw k`bpwt]mse-bp-≈ _‘w

(Ft^ 5:22˛32)

CXpw hnhml IqZm-ibv°v hmbn-

°p∂ teJ\ mK-am-Wv. a¿Ωw, cl-kyw

AYhm IqZmi F∂ hm°v Chn-sS-

bmWv \mw BZyw ImWp-∂-Xv. Sacra-ment F∂ eØo≥ ]Z-Øn\v IqZmi

F∂v ]cn -`mj \¬In-bn -cn -°p -∂p.

InkvXphpw k`bpw XΩnep≈ _‘w

72

Hcn-°epw th¿]n-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv.

InkvXp Xs‚ Poh≥ \¬In k`sb

hos≠-SpØp. mcym`¿Øm-°-∑m¿ XΩn¬

XymK-]q¿∆-amb kvt\lw \ne-\n¿Øn

Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc Hcp-an®v hkn-°p-

hm≥ IS-s∏- -h-cm-sW∂pw ChnsS Hm¿Ωn-

°p∂p.

4. GI mc-y, GI ¿Ømhv

]gb kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw, F¥n\v

blq-Z-∑m-cn¬ t]mepw _lp mc-y-mX-zhpw

sh∏mń kº-Zm-b-hp-sams° \ne-\n-∂n-

cp-∂p. InkvXob k` CXns\sbm∂pw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. CS-b-te-J-\-ß-fn¬

]cnip≤ ]utemkv «olm k`-bnse

aq∏-∑m¿°pw ipiq-j-I¿°pw \¬In-bn-

cn-°p∂ ]t_m-[\w hni-zm-kn-Iƒ°v

apgp-h≥ _m[-I-ambn k` AwKo-I-cn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. (1 Xotam 3.2, XotØm 1:6) GI

`mcym `¿Xr IpSpw_ coXn temI-Øn\v

amXr-I-bmbn \¬In-bXv InkvXo-b-k-`-

bmWv F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√.

5. hnhmlw Hcp IqZm-i-bm-Wv

apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ thZ-]-am-

W-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hnhm-lsØ

Hcp IqZmibmbn k` AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂p. IqZm-i-bn¬ ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I≥

ssZh-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ ÿm\Øp

\n∂v ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I≥ mcym-˛-`¿Øm-

°-∑msc Iqń tbmPn-∏n-°p-∂p. k -bpsS

hnhml IqZm-i-bn¬ c≠p `mK-ß-fp-≠v.

BZ-ysØ mKØv tamXncw hmgvØn h[q-

h-c-∑m¿°v \¬Ip-∂p. hnhml \n›bw

t]mepw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ FSp-°-s∏-

Sp∂p F∂-Xns‚ AS-bm-f-ambn´mWv

Im¿Ωn-I¿ tamXncw hmgvØn \¬Ip-

∂Xv. ]c-kv]-c-ap-≈ DS-º-Sn-b√m-bvI-

bm¬ tamXn-c-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw \¬Ip-

∂n√. ][m\ Im¿Ωn-I≥ Xs∂ AXp

hmgvØn \¬Ip-∂p. IncoSw hmgvhns‚

ASpØ ipiq-j-bn¬ …o_-mbp-≈ ame

hmgvØn Im¿Ωn-I≥ h[qh-c-∑m¿°v \¬-

Ip-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw

ssIIƒ Hcp-an®v tN¿Øv At\ym\yw

`c-ta¬∏n-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-amWv \nß-

fpsS Ft∂-°p-ap-≈ a≤-y-ÿ≥ F∂v

Hm¿Ωn-∏n®v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. IpSpw_w

ssZhnI ÿm]-\-amWv F∂v ]Tn∏n°p-

∂-XmWv hn. hnhml IqZm-i-bnse ]m¿-

∞-\-Isf√mw. btlmh hoSp ]Wn-bp∂n-

s√-¶n¬ ]Wn-bp∂h¿ hrYm A≤-zm-\n-

°p-∂p. btlmh ]´Ww Im°p-∂n-s√-

¶n¬ Im°p-∂-h¿ hrYm PmK-cn-°p∂p

(k¶o 127˛1) F∂ hnizmk-Øn\v

][m-\yw \¬Ip-tºmƒ F√m IpSpw-_-

Po-hn-X-ßfpw hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

6. hn. XnXzw ]cn-]q¿Æ amXrI

]q¿ÆX ]m]n-°m≥ Cu temI-

Øn¬ km≤-y-a-s√-¶n-epw, BX-y-¥n-I-

ambn Hcp e£yw Pohn-X-Øn-\p-≠m-bncn-

°-Ww. Hcp IpSpw_w hy-‡n-Iƒ tN¿∂p-

≠m-Ip-∂-Xpw, hy-‡n-X-z-ßƒ°v A\n-hm-

c-y-amb hy-X-y-kvXX-Iƒ D≈-Xp-amWv.

AhnsS tbmPn∏v Fßs\ D≠m-I-psa∂v

Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ, adp-]-Sn-bmbn e`n-°p∂

DØ-c-amWv hn. XnXzw. F∂m¬ hn.

XnX-z-Ønse Iq´m-bva-sbm∂pw tIhe

a\p-jy _p≤n-bn¬ Kln-°m-sa∂v Nn¥n-

°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. GIXzhpw, sshhn-≤-yhpw

XnXz-Øn¬ Hcp-an®p tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

kI-e-sØbpw krjvSn® ]nXmhpw

IjvSm-\p-`-h-ß-fm¬ AXns\ hos≠-

SpØ ]pX\pw D≠m-b-Xn-s\bpw D≠m-

Ip-hm-\p-≈-Xn-s\bpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂

]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw hyX-y-kvX-amb [¿Ω-

amWv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ kmcmw-

iØn¬ aq∂pw H∂m-Wp-Xm-\pw. CXp-

73

t]mse IpSpw-_-Øn¬ amXm-hn\pw ]nXm-

hn\pw Ipń-Iƒ°pw hy-X-y-ÿ-amb [¿Ω-

ß-fmWv \nd-th-‰m-\p-≈Xv. AtX-k-abw

ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw H∂m-bn-

cn-°p-I-bpw thWw. GI-X-zhpw _lp-

Xzhpw Hcp-an-®n-cn-°p∂ XnXz-Ønse

a¿Ωw InkvXob IpSpw-_-ßƒ°v amXr-

I-bm-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

7. \tk-Ønse Xncp-Ip-Spw_w

]pcp -j-_‘w IqSm -sX-bmWv

InkvXp P\n-®-sX-¶nepw InkvXp-hn\v

Hcp IpSpw_ ]›m-Ø-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Xs∂-bp-a-√, a\p-j-ym-h-Xm-c-sØ-∏‰n ].

I\-y-I-a-dn-bm-an\v Acpf-∏mSp \¬Ip-∂-

Xn-\p-apºv Xs∂ adn-bm-ans‚bpw butk-

^ns‚bpw hnhml \n›bw \S-Øn-bn-

cp-∂-Xmbn hn. thZ-]p-kvXIw km£n-

°p-∂p. (hn. aØmbn 1:18˛21; hn.-eq-t°mkv

1:26˛38) temI-c-£n-Xm-hmb tbip-

InkvXp-hn-\v P\n°m≥ Hcp IpSpw-_hpw

hf¿Ønsb-Sp-°p-hm≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw

D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ bmYm-¿∞yw ]cnK-

Wn-°p-tºmƒ, IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Bflob-

aqeyw IqSp-X¬ hy-‡-am-Ip-∂p. Hcp-

t]mse ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ e`n-®-

h-cmWv hn. tbmk^pw ]cn-ip≤ I\-y-I-

a-dn-bmapw. F´mw Znh-ksØ ]cn-t—-Z-

\bpw 40˛mw Znh-k-Ønse ssZhm-eb

]th-i-\hpw 12˛mw hb- nse ]Xn-

jvTbpw F√mw apd-t]mse \n¿∆-ln°-

s∏´v ss]X-ens\ ssZh-Ir-]-bnepw

a\pj-y-cpsS Ir]-bnepw hf¿Øp-hm\pw

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ hfsc i≤n-®p. (hn.

eqt°m 2:53) tbip-hn\v CsX-√mw Bh-

i-y-sa-¶n¬ Xn∑-bpsS kzm-[o\w A[nI-

ap-≈ C∂sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ hf¿Øs∏-

Sp∂ Ip™p-ßƒ°v Bflob in£Ww

FX-b-[nIw Bh-i-y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ssZhnI ASn-ÿm-\-tØ-

°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-

cn-°p∂ F√m-Im-c-y-ßfpw IqSn tN¿Øv

a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ InkvXob

ho£Ww a‰p-≈-Xn¬\n∂pw Fßs\

hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p?

2. hnhm-l-Iq-Zm-i-bn¬ hmbn-°-s∏-Sp∂

thZ-`m-K-ß-sf-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ hni-I-

e\w sNøp-I.

3. IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ InkvXob

ho£-Ww, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øns‚

sI´p-d-∏ns\ Fßs\ klm-bn-°pw.

N¿® sNøp-I.

74

BapJw

IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-ß-fn¬ F√m Ime-ß-

fnepw ]iv\-ßfpw, sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw

D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ B[p-\nI IpSpw-

_-ß-fn¬ CXv Iptd IqSn k¶o¿Æ-ambn-

cn-°p-∂p. ]e Imc-W-ßƒ AXn\p ]pd-

In-ep-s≠-¶nepw G‰hpw ][m-\-am-bXv

]m›m-X-y-k-zm-[o\amsW∂p ]dbmw.

AXm-bXv Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ hf¿®

AXns‚ ùXn-I-X-bn-em-sW∂v Ghcpw

Nn¥n-°p-∂p. ]m›m-X-y¿°v D≠mb

ùXnI kml-N-c-y-ßfpw kmt¶-XnI hnZy-

I-fpsS hf¿®-mco-Xn-Ifpw \ap°pw D≠m-

I-W-sa∂v \mw BK-ln-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

AtXm-sSm∏w ]m›m-X-y¿°v kw`-hn®

IpSpw_ _‘-ß-fnse Xmf-]n-g-Ifpw

Adn-bmsX \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-Øn-te°pw

hym-]n®p XpS-ßn. ùXnI hf¿®bpw

IpSpw_ kam-[m-\hpw Hcpan®v t]mIp-

∂n√ F∂-XmWv ]m›m-Xysc \nco-£n-

°p-∂-Xn¬IqSn \ap°v FØn-t®-cm-hp∂

Hcp \nK-a-\w. hnhm-l-tam-N-\-ßfpw

IpSpw_ XI¿®bpw \ΩpsS kaq-l-

Ønepw Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hmØ \ne-bn¬

h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ][m-\-amb Nne

sh√p-hn-fn-I-sf-°p-dn®p amXw \ap°v ]cn-

tim-[n-°mw.

1. IuZm-in-I-amb aqe-y-Øn\v]m[m-\yw \jvS-s∏- p

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kpÿn-cX AtX-

∏‰n-bp-≈ InkvXob hoj-W-Ønepw

hni-zm-k-Øn-ep-amWv ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv.

Ign™ ]mT-Øn¬ ]Tn-®-Xp-t]m-se,

ssZhw Iqń tN¿°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw AXv

th¿]n -cn -°m-\m-hp -∂-Xp -a -s√-∂p-≈

hnizmkw B[p-\nI IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬

Ipd™p hcp-∂p. ùXnI kml-N-c-y-ß-

fmWv hnhm-lsØ Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øp-∂-

sX∂v B[p-\nI Zº-Xn-Iƒ hni-z-kn-

°p∂-Xn-\m¬ ssZh-sØ-°qSn ad∂v

AXn-\mbn ITn-\m-≤-zm\w sNøp-∂p. Cu

aqe-yXI¿® henb sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv.

2. amdp∂ IpSpw_ hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn®v Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v s]mcp-Ø-

s∏-Sm≥ BImØ am\-knIAhÿ

kaq-l-Øns‚ am‰-ßƒ IpSpw -

_sØ hfsc kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Iq´pIpSpw_ hy-h-ÿn-Xn, Im¿jnI kaq-

l-tØmSv tN¿∂v \n¬°p∂ H∂m-Wv.

ssZhm-i-b-t_m-[hpw a\p-jy _‘hpw

B kaq-l-Øn¬ IqSp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p.

Im¿jnI kaqlw hy-h-km-bnI bpK-

Ønte°v \oßn-b-t∏mƒ Iq´p IpSpw-_-

ßƒ AWp IpSpw-_-ß-fmbn amdn.

hy-mh-kmbnI bpK-Øn¬\n∂pw C∂v

ssk_¿ bpK-Øn-te°v kaqlw \oßn-

bn-cn-°pIbm-Wv. Hcp ImeØv Aew-L-

\o-b-sa∂v Bflo-b-X-bnepw ùXo-I-X-

bnepw Dd-∏n-®n-cp∂ aqe-y-ßƒ°v CSnhp

Xń. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v hm¿≤-I-y-Ønse-

Ønb amXm-]n-Xm-°sf kwc-£n-°pI

A≤ymbw c≠v

B[p-\nI IpSpw-_-ßƒ t\cn-Sp∂sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

75

F∂Xv ]gb kaq-l-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-

°-s∏´ aqe-y-am-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v AXn\v

am‰w h∂p. B Xc-Øn¬ kaq-l-Øn¬

h∂ am‰-ßƒ IpSpw-_-ßƒ°v sh√p-hn-

fn-bm-bn-´p-≠v.

3. mc-ym- - ¿Øm-°-∑m-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-X-z-ß-fn¬ h∂ am‰-ßƒ

(Role Changes)IpSpw_w Hcp hy-h-ÿn-Xn-bm-Wv.

AXn-\-IØv Htcm-cp-Ø¿°pw sNøp-hm-

\p-≈ [¿Ω-ßƒ D≠v. AXv ap≥Im-e-

ß-fn¬ IrX-y-ambn \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂p.

`¿Ømhv hoSn\v ]pdØv A≤-zm-\n®v

IpSpw-_-Øn-\m-h-i-y-amb hcp-am\w D≠m-

°p-Ibpw `mcy hoSn-\-IØv ]cn-N-cn-°p-

Ibpw Ipń-Iƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\-pk-

cn®v hf-cp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ Hcp Iaw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kvXoI-fpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ

hfcp∂-Xn\v klm-b-a-√mØ Hcp Ia-

am-bn-cp∂p F∂ Zqjyw Cu hy-h-ÿn-

Xn-bv°p-≠v. F∂m¬ AwKo-Ir-X-amb Hcp

`cW hy-hÿ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ \√

hihpw AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Iaw

amdn kvXobpw ]pcp-j\pw hoSn\v ]pdØv

A≤-zm-\n-°p-∂-h-cmbn amdn. amdnb kml-

N-c-y-ß-fn¬ F√m-h¿°pw kzo-Im-c-y-amb

Hcp B`-y-¥c `c-W-Iaw C∂v IpSpw-_-

ß-fn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™nń-√. CXv as‰mcp

sh√p-hn-fn-bmWv.

4. BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚kzm[o\w

kmºØn-I-amb hf¿®bpw t\´-hp-

amWv BtKm-f-h¬°-cW kaq-l-Ønse

hnP-b-Øns‚ ][m-\-s∏´ AfhptIm¬.

"]Ww C√m-Ø-h≥ ]nWw' F∂ ]g-

s©m√v A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ kaq-l-

Ønse F√m hy-‡n-I-sfbpw kzm-[o-\n-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. uXnI Pohn-X-Øn¬, FØn-

t®c-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°p∂ Xe-Øn¬

Db¿® D≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ `mcym `¿Øm-

°-∑m¿°v Akw-Xr]vXn D≠m-Ipw. AXv

IpSpw_ kam-[m-\sØ _m[n-°pw.

ùXnI hf¿®-bn¬ Ht´sd ]Xo-£

-Iƒ Zº-Xn-Iƒ h®v ]pe¿Øp-∂p-≠v.

]Xo-£bpw bmYm¿∞-yhpw XΩn-ep-≈

A¥cw IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ ]iv\-ßƒ

krjvSn-°pw.

5. am[-y-a-ß-fpsS sX‰mbkzm-[o-\-ßƒ

kpJ-tem-ep-]X, BVw-_cw, hne-

Iq-Snb hkvXp-°ƒ XpSßn ]e-Xn-t\mSpw

Bh-i-y-Øn-e-[nIw B¿Øn krjvSn-

°p∂Xv am[-y-a-ß-fm-Wv. _p≤nbpw

bp‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-SØv ssh-

Im-cn-I-amb Cf-°-ßƒ krjvSn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p. am[-y-a-ßƒ krjvSn-°p∂

aqe-y-t_m-[hpw at\m-`m-hhpw Bflo-b-

X-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

Ht´sd XymKw Bh-i-y-am-bn-cn-cn-°p∂

H∂mWv IpSpw_ Pohn-Xw. Xym-K-a-\-ÿn-

Xn°v ]Icw B¿÷n-°p -hm -\p≈

Xm¬]-c-y-amWv am[-y-a-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-

∂-Xv. sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ A[nIw

t\Sp-I. IpSpw-_-Øn-\-IØpw Cu ka-

hm-Iyw D]-tbm-Kn®v XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v

AXpw as‰mcp sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn amdn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

6. Xn∑bv°v e`n-®n-cn-°p∂kmaq-ln-Imw-Ko-Imcw

Hcp ImeØv kaqlw hfsc tæ—-

sa∂v hn[n-®n-cp∂ ]e-Xn\pw C∂v

kaqlw AwKoImcw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

aZ-y-]m\w AXn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ H∂m-Wv.

tIhe kulr-Z-Øns‚ `mK-ambn XpS-

ßp∂ Cu ioew an°-h-scbpw ASn-aØ-

Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p. Cu H‰ ImcWw

76

sIm≠p Xs∂ At\I IpSpw-_-ßƒ

]iv\-ß-fn-te°pw ]n∂oSv hnhml

tamN-\-Øn-te°pw FØn tNcp-∂p.

ab°p-a-cp-∂n-t\m-Sp-≈ Bk‡n hnhm-

tl-Xc _‘-ßƒ, Ip‰-hm-k-\-Iƒ, XpS-

ßnb A[m¿ΩnI ]h¿Øn-Ifpw

IpSpw_ Pohn-X-Øn\v sh√p-hn-fn-bm-bn-

´p-≠v.

7. am\-knI tcmK-ßƒ

C∂sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ am\-knI

tcmK-ßƒ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. hnjm-Zw,

kwi-bw, D∑mZw, kmUnkw (km-Unkw:

a‰p-≈-hsc thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ B\µw

Is≠-Øp-I) A]I¿j-X, AI-mc-W-

amb `bw XpSßn sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb

am\-knI tcmK-ßƒ Zº-Xn-I-fn-sem-

cmƒ°v h∂m¬ AXp IpSpw-_sØ

_m[n-°pw. ]¶m-fn-bv°v Bh-i-y-amb ]cn-

N-c-Whpw \√ NnIn-’bpw X°-k-a-

bØv \¬In-bm¬ ]e Akp-J-ßfpw

t`Z-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-≈ Xym-K-

a\ v ]¶m-fn°v C√m-sX-t]m-bm¬

]iv\w Kpcp-X-c-am-Ipw. AØcw kµ¿`-

ß-fn¬ hnhmlw tamNn-°-Wtam F∂v

hfsc ]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w Nn¥n®v Xocp-

am-\n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Cu ]ń-I-bn¬ C\nbpw Ht´sd Imcy-

ßƒ Nq≠n-Im-´m-\p-≠v. Zº-Xn-I-fpsS

IpSpw -_-ßƒ XΩn-ep -≈ AI¬®,

hy‡n-X-z-ß-fnse A¥cw, ]c-kv]-c-

ap≈ BZ-c-an-√m-bva, Al-¥, Akp-b,

A\n-b-¥n-X-amb tIm]w, £an-°m-\p≈

Ign -hn -√mbva, Ae-kX, Ipń -Isf

hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ GtIm-]-\-an -√mbva

XpSßn Ht´sd ]iv\-ßƒ C\n-bp-ap-≠v.

Bflo-b-amb ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ IpSpw_w

]Wn-bp-I-bmWv F√m-Øn\pw ]cn-lm-cw.

“A family prays together stays together”Hcp-an®v ]m¿∞n-°p∂ IpSpw_w Hcp-an®v

\n¬°pw. Bcm-[\, t\mºv, D]-hmkw

XpS-ßnb Bflob \njvT-Iƒ ]cn-

ioen®v ssZh-kz`mhØn¬ Zº-Xn-Iƒ

hf-cp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ apI-fn¬ ImWn®

F√m sh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bpw. ""btlmh hoSp ]Wn-bp-

∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]Wn-bp-∂-h¿ hrYm A≤zm-

\n-°p-∂p.'' (k¶o 127:1) F∂ ssZh-h-

N\w B[p-\nI IpSpw-_-ßƒ Ipd-®p-

IqSn Kuc-h-ambn a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. B[p-\nI IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse

sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ GsX-√m-sa∂v hy‡-

am-°p-I.

2. ùXnI ]ptcm-KXn IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-

Øns‚ k¥p-jvSnsb h¿≤n-∏n-®n-

´pt≠m?

3. am[y-a-ßƒ IpSpw-_-ßsf GsX√mw

hn[-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. hni-Z-

ambn N¿® -sN-øp-I.

4. am\-kn-I-tcm-K-ßƒ IpSpw-_-Po-hn-

Øn¬ krjvSn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßsf

Fßs\ ]cn-l-cn°mw?

77

BapJw

H‰-s∏- -sX-¶nepw Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ ImW-

s∏´ Hcp ÿnXn hnti-jsØ Ipdn®v

kqNn-∏n-°-s´. sIm´m-c-k-am-\-amb hoSv.

GI aI\v AXn-hn-im-e-amb Hcp apdn.

AXn¬ ‰n. hn, C‚¿s\‰v XpS-ßnb

F√m B[p-\nI kuI-c-y-ßfpw AXn-\-

IØv Ccp∂v ]Tn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w temI-

Øns‚ GXp ap°nepw aqe-bnepw D≈-

h-tcmSv Nm‰nwKpw, t^kv _p°v, Szn-‰¿

XpSßnb tkmj-y¬ s\‰v h¿°nßnepw

Ft∏mgpw kPo-hw. apdn-bpsS hmXn-en¬

Hcp êIw Xq°n-bn-ń-cp-∂p. AXn¬

C]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. ‘No entry with-out permission’ A\p-hmZw IqSmsX apdn-

bv°-IØv ]th-i-\-an -√. ]nXmhpw

amXmhpw IqSn \n¿Ωn® `h\w. GI

aI\v kuI-c-y-ambn ]m¿°m≥ Ah¿

\¬Inb apdn-bn¬ ]th-in-°m≥ Ah-s‚

]tX-y-I-amb kΩXw Bh-i-y-a-mWtX.

B[p-\nI hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZy

krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂ sshcp-≤-y-Øns‚ Hcp

NnX-amWv ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. temIsØ

BtKmf Kma-ambn I≠v hni-z-]u-c-\mbn

cmP-ym-¥-c-_‘w \S-Øp-tºmgpw Hcp

Iqcbv°v Xmsg Xma-kn-°p∂ amXm-]n-

Xm-°-tfmSp≈ kw`m-j-Whpw kwk¿-

§hpw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-Ip-∂p. IpSpw-

_Øn--\p -≈n¬ t]mepw Bg-ta-dnb

kulrZw ÿm]n-°m-\m-hmØ ÿnXn

hnti-jsØ Kuc-h-ambn ImtW-≠n-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

IpSp_ _‘ßƒIpd-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xns‚

Imc-W-ßƒ

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ DtZ-ym-K-ÿ-tcm,

Xnc°p-Iƒ D≈-ht-cm BsW-¶n¬

Ip™p-ß-fp-ambn kabw sNe-h-gn-°p-

∂Xp Ipd-bp-∂p. AXn-\p-]-Icw kmt¶-

XnI hnZ-y-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Xß-

fpsS A[n-I-k-abw Ah¿ sNe-hn-Sp-∂p.

Ifn-∏m-´-ß-fn¬ XpSßn Iº-yq-´¿ sKbn-

an-eqsS C‚¿s\-‰nepw tkmj-y¬ s\‰v-

h¿°n-ep-saØn hoSn\v ]pd-Øp-≈ Hcp

temI-hp-ambn Ah¿ _‘w krjvSn-

°p∂p. Iq´p IpSpw_ hy-h-kvXnXn C√m-

Xm-b-tXmsS ]mb-amb he-y-∏-∑m¿, he-y-

Ω-®n-am¿ F∂n-h-cp-ambn apØ-»n-I-Y-Iƒ

tI´p≈ Bg-amb kulrZw ]¶n-Sp∂

coXn°pw am‰w h∂p. uXnI ]ptcm-KXn-

bn¬ sIń∏-Sp-Øn- p-≈ hoSp-Ifpw vfm‰p-

Ifpw Ab¬ho-Sp-I-fm-bp-am-bn- p-≈ kº¿-

°-ßsf sISpØn If™p. Cw•ojv

hnZym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ hoSn-\-Sp-

Øp≈ kvIqfn¬ ]T\w \S-ØmsX

Zqsc-bp-≈ ]ªn°v kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-

°m≥ XpS-ßp-tºmgpw Ipń-Iƒ°v Ab¬-

]-°-hp-ambn Bg-tadnb kulr-Z-_‘-

ßƒ krjvSn -°m≥ km≤-y -a -√msX

hcp∂p. CXn-s\-√m-ap-]cn BtKm-f-h¬°-

cWw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂ A\-y-h¬°-c-

Whpw _‘-ßsf _e-lo-\-am-°p-I-

bmWv. AXm-bXv ‘people are to be usedand things are to be loved’ a\p-j-ysc D]-

A≤ymbw aq∂v

IpSpw_ _‘-ßƒ

78

tbm-Kn-°m\pw hkvXp-°sf kvt\ln-°m-

\p-ap-≈ Hcp XXzimkvX-amWv a\p-jy

lrZ-b-ßfn¬ CSw tXSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]Whpw kmt¶-XnI hnZ-y-Ifpaps≠-¶n¬

hy-‡n-Isf Bh-i-y-an√m F∂ \ne-bn-

te°v am‰-ßƒ FØn \n¬°p∂p.

Individualism AYhm Ah-\-h-\nkw

kmaqly Pohn-X-Øn¬ AwKo-Ir-X-amb

aqe-y-ambn´p≠v.

ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \n∂p-≈ a\p-

jys‚ AI¬®bpw sNs∂Øn \n¬°p-

∂Xv klPohn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ AI¬®-

bn-em-Wv. GZs‚ tXm´-Øn¬ ssZh-

Øn¬ \n∂p-≈ AI¬®-bpsS A\-¥-c-

^-e-am-bn-cp-∂t√m ktlm-Z-cs‚ sIme-

]m-X-Iw. ssZh-kvt\-lhpw a\p-j-y-

kvt\lhpw Hcp \mWb-Øns‚ Ccp-]pd-

ß-fm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn¬ Bflobhpw

ùXnIhp-amb kml-N-c-y-ß-fn-ep-≈ am‰-

ßƒ tlXp-hmbn IpSpw_ _‘ß

fn¬ AIØpw ]pdØpw inYn-eo-I-c-

Wßƒ i‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-s\-

Xnsc t_m[-]q¿∆-ambn InkvXob

IpSpw_-ßƒ ]Xn-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS XI¿®-bpsS ]›m-

ØeØn¬ ]cn-lmc-am¿§-ß-tf-IqSn

Nn¥n-°mw.

1. ssZhsØ IpSpw-_-Øns‚tIµam°n Bg-ta-dnb

Bflo-bX ssIh-cn-°p-I

Hcp-an®v ]m¿∞n-°p-I, Bcm-[n-

°pI, £Ww Ign-°p-I, \¿Ω k√m]-

ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-SpI XpSßn IpSpw-_mw-

K-ßƒ ]e \ne-I-fn¬ kº¿°w ]pe¿-

Øm-\p -≈ Ah-kcw t_m[-]q¿∆w

krjvSn-°-Ww. [\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\mbn

amXw kabw \o°n-sh-®m¬ IpSpw-_-

Øn-\p-≈n¬ t]mepw AwK-ßƒ XΩn¬

KmV-amb _‘w D≠-mhp-I-bn-√.

2. hr≤-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf-bpw, hnime-Ip-Spw-_-ß-sfbpw kvt\ln-°m≥

F√m-h¿°pw IS-∏m-Sp-≠vamXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°pI,

BZ-cn-°pI F∂Xv am‰-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ

ssZh-I¬∏-\-bm-Wv. kmaq-ly kml-N-

c-y-ß-fn¬ am‰-ap-≠m-b-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-

I¬∏-\sb [n°-cn-°p-hm≥ B¿°pw

Ah-Im-i-an-√. hnhml IqZm-i-bnepw Cu

I¬∏-\-sb-∏‰n hy‡ambn ]t_m-[\w

\¬-Ip-∂p-≠v. hr≤-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°sf

hm¿≤Iy h-\-ß-fn-em-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

DØaw IpSpw-_-Ønse Xs∂ ASpØ

_‘p-°ƒ B DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw Gs‰-Sp-

Øm¬ AXv Hcp ssZhnI km£-y-

ambncn°pw.

3. Ip™p-ßsf]tY-ym-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hf¿ØpI

Bflo-b-X-bpsS ASn-Ø-d-bnte

ùXnI Pohn-X-tØ-°p-dn-®p-≈ ]Xo-£-

Ifpw kz-]v\-ßfpw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°mhp.

“If character is lost everything is lost”kz`mhw \jvS-am-bm¬ F√mw \jvS-ambn

F∂ ]cm-a¿i-\-Øn¬ hfsc Ig-ºp-≠v.

InkvXob PohnXw Ipsd hni-zm-k-]-am-

W-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ipd®p

BNm-c-ßsf A\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xpw amX-

a√. AXn-ep-]cn Hcp PohnX ssien-

bmWv. B ssien-bpsS G‰hpw henb

khn-ti-jX Ffn-b-hsc BZ-cn-°p-∂-

XmWv. (k¶o 41:1) Aßs\ sNøp-∂h¿

`mK-y-hm-∑m-sc∂v k¶o¿Ø-\-°mc≥

hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-In-kvXphpw

Xs‚ a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Im-eØv Np¶-°mcpw

]m]n-Ifpw thi-ym-kvXo-Ifpw Ipcp-S-

∑mcpw IpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-fp-a-S-ßp∂ ]pd-¥-

≈s∏´htcm-SmWv IqSp-X¬ XmZm-fly-

s∏´-Xv. Cu aqeyw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬

\n∂v Ipń-Iƒ I≠p-]Tn°-Ww. hoSn-\p-

79

≈n¬ hr≤amXm]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw Ip™p-

ßƒ°pw ]tXyI Icp-Xepw kvt\-

lhpw \¬I-Ww. hoSn\v ]pd-Øv, tcmKn-

Ifpw kmº-ØnI sRcp-°-ßƒ A\p-`-

hn-°p∂h¿°p-amWv ]tX-y-I-ambn Icp-

X¬ \¬tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.

4. IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ Cu ]cn-io-e\w

e`n-®n-s√-¶nepw InkvXob aqey-

ßƒ ]mb-Øn-\-\p-kcn®v

DƒsIm-≈p-hm\pw

buh-\-°m¿°v km[n°-Ww

Nne-IpSpw_-ß-fn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-

fn¬ \n∂v amXrI e`n-®n√ F∂p IcpXn

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw bph-temIw

Hgn-™n-cn-°-cpXv. sk°p-e¿ temI-

Ønse H´-\-h[n Imc-y-ßƒ amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fn¬ \n∂-√msX sNdp-∏-°m¿ I≠p-

]-Tn-°p-∂p-≠t√m. Cu XXzw Bflo-b-

amb Pohn-X-Ønepw _m[-I-am-Wv. ssZh-

h-N-\hpw hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw

Cu Imc-y-Øn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°tf°mƒ

amXrI-bmbn buh\-°m¿ kzo-I-cn -

®m¬ IpSpw_-_‘-ßƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-

hm≥ Ht´sd Imc-y-ßƒ sNøp-hm≥

km[n-°pw.

5. k` Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv

Bcm-[n-°p∂ kaqlw Hcp IpSpw-

_-Ønse AwK-ßsft∏mse kl-

h¿Øn-°m≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. hni-zm-kn-

Iƒ Ink-Xp-hns‚ ico-c-Ønse Ah-

bh-ßƒ F∂v ]utemkv «olm

hntijn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. (1 sImcn. 12:11˛20)

Hcp Ahbhw IjvSX A\p-`-hn-°p∂p

F¶n¬ Ah-b-h-ßƒ Hs°bpw IqSn

IjvSw A\p-`-hn°p-∂p. (hm: 26) BZna

ssIkvXh kaqlw Cu hn[-Øn¬

At\-ym-\yw Icp-X-ep-≈-h-cmbpw uXnI

hkvXp-°ƒ ]¶n´pw Pohn-®n-cp∂-Xmbn

km£-y-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂p. hni-z -kn-®-h¿

F√mhcpw Hcp-an -®n -cp∂v kI-ehpw

s]mXp hI F∂v FÆp-I-bpw....... ]¶nSp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. (At∏m. ]. 2:45˛46) ap´p-

≈h¿ Bcpw Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ D≠m-

bn-cp-∂n√. (4:34) I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-

icoc-ßƒ Hcp-an®v ]¶n´v A\p-`-hn-°p-

tºmƒ AXv A¿∞-h-Ømbn Xocp-∂Xv

ùXnI-amb hkvXp-°ƒ C√m-Ø-h-cp-

ambn ]¶nSp-tºm-gm-Wv. hni-zm-kn c‡-

_‘w hgn-bp-≈ IpSpw_ _‘-ßfpw

Bcm-[n°p∂ Iq´m-bva-bn-ep-≈ hni-zm-kn-

I-fpambpw \√ _‘-ßƒ krjvSnt°-

≠h-cm-Wv. InkvXp temIsØ kvt\-

ln®p F∂ hkvXpX IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-

tºmƒ CXc k`-I-fnepw aX-ß-fnepw

s]´-h-scbpw F¥n-\-[nIw aXhnizm-kn-

I-f-√m-Ø-h-scbpw kvt\ln-°p-hm≥

InkvXp-hn¬ \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-cn-

°p-∂p.

6. a\p-jy _‘-ßƒ, Bfli-coc

a\-kp-I-fpsS kuJ-ysØ

h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂p

Bcpw X\n-°mbn Pohn-°p-∂n-√. acn-

°p-∂p-an-√. a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n Pohn-°p-

tºm-gmWv Pohn-X-Øn\v A¿∞-ap-≠m-

Ip∂-Xv. F√m-hcpw _lp-am-\n-°p∂

aZ¿ sXtc m ]kvXm-hn-®p. ""`£W

ZmcnZyw D≈ P\-tIm-Sn-Iƒ Cu `qap-J-

Øp-s≠-¶nepw AXn-t\-°mƒ A[nIw

kvt\l Zmcn-Zyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿

D≠sX.'' Bcpw kvt\ln-°m-\n√m

F∂p hcp-tºm-gmWv PohnXw Zp -l-

ambn Xocp-∂-Xv. ]e-`-h-\-ß-fn-sebpw

hr≤-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Cu A\p- -h-Øn¬

IqSn C∂v IS∂p t]mIp-∂p-≠v. hm¿≤-

I-y-Øn-se-Ø-nb-h¿°v kpJ-t`mK hkvXp-

80

°ƒ A[nIw thW-sa-∂n-√. Ah-¿°v

th≠Xv kvt\-lhpw Icp-Xepw AX-ym-

h-i-y-k-µ¿`-ß-fn¬ ipiq-j-bp-am-Wv.

hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZ-ybpsS ]c-a-

ImjvTbn-te°v hf-cp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬

hoSn-\-IØv A\-y-h¬°-c-Ww, H‰-s∏-S¬

Ch-sbms° km[m-c-W-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

A≤ymflnI-in-£Ww e`n® Ghcpw

Cu Imc-y-Øn¬ i≤n-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy

_‘-ßƒ hoSn-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Bthmfw ian-°p

Ibpw sNtø-≠Xm-Wv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. Iq´p-Ip-Spw_w, \yq¢n-b¿ IpSpw_w

Ch-bpsS KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ N¿®

sNøp-I.

2. amXm-]n-Xm-°sf hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-fn-em-

°p-∂-Xns\°pdn-®p≈ \nß-fpsS

A`n-]m-b-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

3. CS-h-I-bnse IpSpw-_-ßƒ XΩn¬

Bg-ta-dnb kulrZw hf¿Øp-hm-

\p≈ ]mtbm-KnI am¿§-ßƒ I≠p-

]n-Sn-°p-I.

81

BapJw

hnhmlw, IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ F∂n-h-

bvs°ms° Ft∏mgpw aX-]-c-amb Hcp

]›m-Ø-ehpw, A\p-jvTm-\- I¿Ω-ß-

fpap≠v. temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-

fn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS

NcnXw ]Tn-®m¬ CXv hy-‡-am-Wv.

kaqlw aX-\n-c-t]-£-ambn AYhm aX-

\n-tj-[-ambn Xo¿∂ kaq-l-ß-fn¬

knhn¬ \nb-a-ßƒ IpSpw_ _‘-

ßƒ°v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn amdn. aX-

hnizmkw Aß-s\-bp≈ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v

Imc-y-amb Hcp hnj-b-a-√. F∂m¬ B

ÿnXn-bn-te°v tIc-fob kaqlw ]q¿Æ-

ambn amdn-bn- n-√. F∂m¬ ]hm-kn-Iƒ

Gsd-bp-≈ InkvXob kaq-l-Øn¬,

Ipń-Iƒ hnhn[ kwkvI-c-ß-tfmSpw

hnhn[ aX k`mhni-zm -kn-I-tfmSpw

ASpØv kl-h-kn-°p-∂Xn\pw B hgn°v

t]a-_‘w D≠mbn IpSpw_ Pohn-X-

Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p-hm\pw CS-bm-Ip-

∂p. ChnsS k`-bpsS \nb-a-ßƒ CØ-

c-°m¿°v hne-ßp-Iƒ shbv°p-∂-Xmbn

tXm∂mw. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS FXn¿∏p-

Iƒ cq£-am-hmw. Ch-sbms° AXn-

Pohn®mepw hni-zm-k-Ønepw AXn-eq-

∂nb PohnX ho£-W-Øns‚ A¥c-

ßfpw ]n¬°m-eØv IpSpw_PohnX-

ßfn¬ hn≈¬ D≠m-°m≥ km≤-y-X-

bp≠v. Ch-sb-∏‰n bph-Xn-bp-hm-°ƒ

t_m≤-y-ap-≈-h-cm-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

k -bpsS \nbaw

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ hnhmlw

Hcp IqZm-i-bm-Wv. IqZm-i-Iƒ hni-zm-kn-

Iƒ°v amXta \¬Ip-I-bp-≈p. AXn-

\m¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip∂ aW-hm-f\pw

aW-hm- nbpw hnhm-l-Øn\v apºv Hm¿Ø-

tUm-Ivkv hni-zm-kn-Iƒ Bbn-cn-°Ww.

hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn-ep-≈ kwk¿§w AXn-

]-[m-\-am-I-bm¬ hn. Ip¿∫m\ kwk¿§w

C√mØ k`mw-K-ßƒ, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bn¬ AwK-am-ImsX hnhmlw \S-

Øm≥ km≤-y-a-√. Cu Imc-W-Øm¬

am¿tØm-Ωm, kn.-F-kv.sF XpS-ßnb

k -I-fnse AwK-ßsf (an-°-hmdpw s] -

Ip-ń-Iƒ) hnhm-l-Øn-s\-Sp-°p-tºmƒ

Ahsc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hni-zmkw ]Tn-

∏n®v aqtdm≥ A`n-tjIw \S-Øn, hn.

Ipº-km-chpw hn. Ip¿∫m-\bpw \¬In

k`-bnse AwK-ß-fm°n hnhmlw \S-

Øp-∂p. tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`bpw

I¬Zmb k`bpw Bbn \ho-I-cW k`-

I-tf-°mƒ Ipd-®p-IqSn hni-zm-k-Øn¬

\ap°v ASp-∏-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿°v

aptdm-\-`n-tjIw \¬Ip-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS

amtΩm-Zokm AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

Ah¿ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hni-zmkw AwKo-

A≤ymbw \mev

hy-X-ykvX k -I-fn-sebpwaX-ß-fn-sebpw AwK-ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈

hnhml _‘-ßƒ

82

I-cn®v hn. Ipº-km-chpw AXp-hgn hn.

Ip¿∫m-\-bpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°-Ww. s]¥n-

t°mkvXp hn`m-K-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ amtΩm-

Zokm Dƒs∏sS k`-bpsS hni-zmkw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ F√m I¿Ω-ßfpw,

IqZmi-Ifpw kzo-I-cn-®-Xns‚ tijta

hnhmlw \SØn sImSp-°p-I-bp-≈p.

CXc aXhni-zm-knbpw ]q¿Æambpw

k`mw-K-ambn Xoc-Ww.

ItØm-en°m k -bpsShy-X-ykvX \ne-]mSv

hnhn[ k`, aXmw-Kßƒ XΩn-ep-≈

hnhm-l-ßƒ°v ItØm-en°m k`

as‰mcp \ne-]mSv kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. AXm-

bXv ]¶m-fn-bpsS aXtam hni-zm-ktam

amdmsX Xs∂ Ah¿ hnhmlw \S-Øn-

sIm-Sp-°pw. hnhm-l-Ønse ItØm-

en°m ]¶m-fn-°v, ItØm-en°m hni-zm-

k-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-hm\pw a°sf

AXn¬ hf¿Øp-hm\pw ItØm-en°m

hni-zm -kn -b -√mØ ]¶mfn kΩXw

\¬In-bm¬ aXn. CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈ Hcp

\ne-]mSv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` kzo-I-cn-

®n-ń-√. Zº-Xn-Iƒ Hcp hni-zm-k-Øn¬

Xs∂ sFI-y-Øn¬ Pohn-®mse hf-cp∂

Xe-ap-dbv°v Znim-t_m-[hpw Dd® aqe-y-

ßfpw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈p F∂v Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` Nn¥n-°p-∂p. ]nXmhv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Bcm-[-\-bnepw amXmhv

s]¥n-t°mkvXv Iq´m-bva-bnepw tN¿∂v

\n¬°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS IpSpw_ Po-hn-X-

Ønse sFI-y -sØbpw AXp -hgn

Ip™p-ßfpsS `mhn-sbbpw ]Xn-Iq-e-

ambn _m[n-°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈-Xn-\m¬

Zº-Xn-Iƒ hy-X-ykvX k`-I-fntem, aX-

ß-fnsem XpS-cp∂ \ne-]m-Sns\ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

knhn¬ \nb-a-]-Imcw hnhmlw \S-

Øp-∂-Xn\v hni-zm-k-ß-fnse A¥cw

]iv\-ap-≈-X-√. C¥-y-bpsS \nb-a-a-\p-

kcn®v kvXo°v 18 hbkpw ]pcp-j\v 21

hbkpw Ds≠-¶n¬ ]c-kv]cw a‰m-cp-

sSbpw \n¿_‘w IqSmsX kz¥w CjvS-

]Imcw kΩX]Xw \¬Inbm¬

hnhmlw cPnÃ¿ sNøs∏Spw.

hy-X-ykvX k`mw-K-ßƒXΩn-ep-≈ hnhm-l-Ønse

]iv\-ßƒ

At∏m-kvtXm-enI k -I-fnse AwK-

ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ hnhm-l-ßƒ°v an°-

hmdpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ kΩXw \¬Im-

dp-≈-Xn-\m¬ B hgn°v henb ]iv\-

ßƒ D≠m-Im-dn-√. F∂m¬ hnhm-l-ßƒ

\S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-k-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

]e-t∏mgpw X¿°-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v.

Imt\m-\n-I-amb A©v t\mºp-I-fnepw

(3, 12-, 15, 25, 50) Rmb¿, Xn¶ƒ Hgn-sI-

bp-≈ Znh-k-ß-fnepw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k` hnhmlw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. ]mtbm-

KnIamb Nne ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ sh®v k`-

bpsS ]c-am-≤-y-£≥ Nne Cf-hp-Iƒ

Ct∏mƒ \¬In-h-cm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu

Imc-y-Øn¬ CXc k`-Iƒ°v hy-X-y-kvX-

amb \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-≠v. IqSpX¬ Znh-k-

ß-ƒ hnhm-l-Øn\v tbmK-y-ambn Ah¿

kΩXw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-

ambn Rmb-dm-gvN Hgn-sI-bp-≈ Znh-k-ß-

fn¬ hnhmlw \S-Øp-hm≥ am¿tØmΩm

k` A\p-hmZw \¬Ip-∂p. F∂m¬

Rmb-dm-gvNbv°v Ah¿ Cfhv \¬Ip-

∂n√. A\n-hm-c-y-amb kml-N-c-y-ß-fn¬

hnhmlw \S-t°≠n hcp-tºmƒ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpsS \nb-a-ßƒ ewLn-

°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ k`mw-K-ßƒ ]tX-yIw

i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Zº-Xn-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw

Xß-fpsS at\m-\n-e-hm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v

hnhm-l-Øn\v apºv kzbw hne-bn-cp-

83

Ø¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. hni-zm-khpw

AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-≈ BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-

ßfpw PohnX ssienbpw Kuc-h-ambn

FSp-°p-∂-h¿ AXn-\-\p-kcn-®p-≈ ]¶m-

fnsb Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv k¥p-jvS-amb

IpSpw_ Pohn-X-Øn\v \√-Xv. t\mºv, D]-

hmkw, hn. Ipº- m-cw, hn. Ip¿∫m-\-

bn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-i-co-c-c-‡-ßƒ

kzo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂ hni-zm-kw. ]cn-ip≤

]nXm-°-∑m-tcm-Sp-≈ a≤-y-ÿ-X, hmßn-

t∏m-b-hsc-°p-dn-®p-≈ ]m¿∞\ XpS-ßn-

b-h-bn¬ \njvT-bp-≈-h¿ CsXm-∂p-an-

√mØ ]¶m-fn-bp-ambn Hcp-an®p Pohn-

°m≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ ]n¬°m-eØv ]iv\-

ßƒ D≠m-Ip-hm≥ km≤-y-X-bp-≠v.

buh\ ]mb-Øn¬ tXm∂p∂ t]a-

sa∂ hnImc-Øns‚ Xoh-X-bn¬ a\-

ns‚ AKm-[-X-e-Øn¬ tImdn-bn-Sp∂

hni-zm-k-]-am-W-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-°m-

sa∂v Nn¥n-°p-sa-¶nepw Ipd-®p-I-gn-bp-

tºmƒ Ah-sbm-s°bpw \n m-c-a-s√∂v

sXfn-hm-bn-h-cpw. AXn-\m¬ Bg-ta-dnb

kz-b-hn-i-I-e\w ]¶m-fnsb sXc-s™-

Sp-°p-tºmƒ Bh-i-y-ambn hcpw.

hy-X-ykvX aX-kw-kv°m-c-ß-fn-ep-≈hcp-ambn´p≈ hnhm-l-

Ønse ]iv\-ßƒ

FtX-ym-]-y≥ k -bpw, \ΩpsS k -bpw

hn. Ip¿∫m\ kwk¿§-ap-≈ k -I-fm-Wv.

Cu c≠v k`-I-fnse kvXobpw ]pcp-

j\pw XΩn¬ hnhmlw Ign-°p-∂-Xn\v

Imt\m-\n-I-ambn XS- -ßfn-√. F∂m¬

kmwkv°m-cn-I-ambn hfsc `n∂-X-I

-fp-≠v. AXn-\m¬ hni-zm-k-tØm-sSm∏w

kmwkvIm-cnI˛kmaq-lnI˛kml-N-c-y-

ßfpw Kuc-h-ambn IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww.

hy-X-ykvX aX-ß-fn¬s∏ -h¿ XΩn-ep-≈

hnhm-l-ßƒ°v ]ehn[ ]iv\-ßfp-

≠mIpw. ]¶m-fn-Iƒ c≠p-t]cpw Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpsS AwK-ß-fm-hp-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ k`m-]-c-amb ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-

l-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ CØcw hnhm-l-

ßƒ°v amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw _‘p-an-XmZn-

Ifpw Hcp ]t£ bmYm-ÿn-XnI kaq-

lhpw AwKo-Imcw \¬In-bn-s√-∂n-

cn°mw. Cu FXn¿∏p-Isf AXn-Po-hn®v

]≈n-bn¬ sh®m-bmepw AXp km[n-®n-

s√-¶n¬ knhn¬ \nb-a-]-Im-c-am-sW-

¶nepw hnhm-ln-X-cm-Ip∂ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS

apºn¬ Ht´sd sh√p-hn-fn-I-fp-≠v. ]c-

kv]cw tXm∂p∂ Xoh-amb A\p-cm-K-

Øn¬ Cu A¥-c-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°m-

\m-hptam? t]an-°p∂ Imew `mh-\-bp-

sSXpw hnhmlw Ign-°p-∂Xv bmYm¿∞-y-

Øns‚bpw Ime-am-Wv. t]a-Øns‚

kabw bmYm¿∞-y-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn -

®m¬ Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-Ipw. hnhm-l-tijw

bmYm¿∞yw AwKo-I-cn-°msX t\csØ

e`n® Im¬∏-\nI `mh-Øn¬ \ne-\n-

∂m¬ AXpw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-XsØ ]Xn-

Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw.

IpSpw_ Pohn -XsØ tIhew

hnImc]-c-ambn bphm-°ƒ kao-]n-°-cpXv.

kvt\lw tXm∂p-tºmƒ e`n -°p∂

kpJm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ°∏p-d-amWv bYm¿∞

temIw. AhnsS Pohn-°m-\p-≈ ]I-z-X-

bpt≠m F∂v kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

hnhmlw ssZhw Iqń-tN¿°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXv Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc \ne-\n¬-

°Ww. GI mc-ym- - -¿Ør-_‘w ssZh-

I-ev]-\-bm-Wv. BPoh-\m-¥w hni-zkvXX

]pe¿ØWw. kpJtemep]Xbpw

kºØpw ]Z-hnbpw IpSpw-_sØ \ne-

\n¿Øp-I-bn-√. AhnsS th≠Xv kvt\l-

hpw, Xmgvabpw hn´p-hogvNbpw XymKw

kln-°m-\p-≈ k∂-≤-X-bp-am-Wv. ]Xn-

k-‘n-I-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-ØmsX

At\-ym-\yw Xmßn \n¬°p∂ _‘-

amWv. Ipń-I-fpsS apºn¬ Ie-ln-°msX

84

amXr-I-tbmsS Ahsc hf¿Øp-hm≥

c≠p-t]¿°pw Hcp-t]mse IS-∏m-Sp-≠v.

hr≤-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw kaq-l-Ønse

_e-lo-\-sc-bpw ipiq -jn -°p-hm≥

InkvXob IpSpw-_-Øn\v IS-∏m-Sp≠v.

IpSpw_ Pohn-X-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-X-z-

ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p∂Xnse ]I-zX FX-

am-Xw. B¿÷n-®n´ps≠∂p≈-XmWv

PohnX hnP-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w.

hy-X-ykvX aX-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kwkv°m-

c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Iqńt®¿°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

Cu ]d™ Imc-y-ß-sf-∏‰nsbms°

Ht´sd hy-X-y-kvX-amb ImgvN-]m-Sp-I-fp-

≠m-hmw. hy-X-ykvX ho£-W-hpw ImgvN-

∏m-Sp-I-fp-ambn Pohn-X-Øn¬ apt∂m-´p-

t]m-bm¬ ]iv\-ßƒ cq£-am-hpw.

IpSpw_ Pohn -X-Øn\v ]m¿∞-\m-

]q¿∆-ambn HcpßpI AXymhi-yamWv.

hyXykvX hni-zm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂v hcp-∂-

h¿°v IqSp-X-embn AXv Bh-i-y-am-Wv.

AtXm-sSm∏w ]I-z-X-bp-≈hcn¬\n∂v

\√ am¿§ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ kzo-I-cn-t°-

≠Xpw AX-y-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. IpSpw -_-Po-hn -X-Øn¬ t\cn -Sp∂

]iv\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS ]cn-lm-c-

ßfpw F∂ hnj-bsØ Bkv]-Z-

am°n Hcp ]T\w \SØn dnt∏m¿´v

Xøm-dm-°p-I. (hn-hn[ ]mb-Øn-ep≈

A©v `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑msc CXn-

\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°mw.

2. t]a-hn-hm-l-ßƒ hnP-btam ]cm-P-

btam F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ¢m n¬

Hcp Unt_‰v kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

3. IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse ]iv\-ßƒ

t\cn -Sp -∂-Xn¬ ]m¿∞-\bv°pw

BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]¶v

¢m n¬ N¿® sNøp-I.

85

C∂sØ temI-Øn¬, BtKm-f-h-XvI-

c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hnhn[ aX-ß-

fn¬s∏-´-h-cpw, hy-X-ykvX kwkvIm-c-ß-

fn¬ hf¿∂hcpw Hs° IqSp-X¬ ASp-

Øn-S-s]-Sp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu sshhn-

[-ym-\p-`hw mc-X-Øn¬ \q‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn-

´p-≈ H∂m-Wv. aX-ß-fpsS kulr-Z-

NcnXw `mc-X-Øns‚ henb \∑bmWv.

Htcm aX-Øn\pw AXm-Xns‚ X\na Ah-

Im-i-s∏-Sm-sa-¶nepw aX-ßƒ XΩn¬

kam-[m-\-]-c-amb kl-h¿ØnØw A\n-

hm-c-y-am-Wv. Cu ]mT-Øn¬ temI-a-X-ß-

sf-°p-dn®v Hcp s]mXp ]T-\-hpw, mc-X-a-

X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp ]tX-yI ]cn-N-b-s∏-

Sepw Dt±-in-°p-∂p. aX-_-lp-e-X-bv°p-

≈n¬ ssIkvXh X\n-abpw kphn-tij

ZuX-yhpw Fßs\ ]men-°-W-sa∂Xpw

Cu ]T-\-Øns‚ e£y-am-Wv.

1. a\p-j-y\pw aXm-\p- -hhpw

Ncn-Xm-XoX Imew apX¬ a\p-j-y-

cn¬ FsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep-≈ aXm-\p-

`hw ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. ]Ir-Xn-bn-

ep≈ i‡n]Xn-`m-k-ß-sftbm (DZm:

A·n, Im‰v), F√m-‰n-epw hym-]-cn-°p∂

ssNX-\-y-tØ-tbm, Hs° tIµo-I-cn®v

Bcm-[\m kº-Zm-b-ß-fp-≠m-bn. Cu

Bcm-[\m kº-Zm-b-ß-fmWv aX-cq-]-ß-

fmbn hnI-kn-®-Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv Nne

Zpjn® Bcm-[m\ kº-Zm-b-ßƒ D≠m-

b-t∏mƒ Ah-bvs°-Xnsc D≠mb ]cn-

jv°-cW ]ÿm-\-ßƒ Xs∂ aX-ß-

fmbn amdnb Ncn-X-hp-ap≠v.

2. aX-cq-]-ßƒ ˛ c≠v KW-ßƒ

aX-cq -]-ß-fpsS BZy KWsØ

]m‹-X-ßƒ, AYh ]ucm-WnI aX-

ßƒ (Primal or primitive religions)F∂pw c≠m-asØ KWsØ hnI-knX

aXßƒ (Developed Religions) F∂pw

hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. ]m‹-X-ßƒ°v ]Ir-

Xn-tbmSv ]tX-yI _‘-ap-≠v. ]t£

Ah-bv°v Hcp hnI-k\ Ncn-X-tam, hyh-

ÿm-]nX LS-\-tbm, ÿm]-I-tcm, aX-

K-Ÿ-tam, IrX-y-amb hni-zmk ]am-W-

ß-tfm, sFI-y-cq-]-ap-≈ Bcm-[-\m-kwhn-

[m-\-ßtfm H∂pw ]d-bm-\n-√. BZn-

hmkn-I-sf∂pw Kncn-h¿§-°m-sc∂pw

Hs° hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ P\-k-aq-l-

ß-fpsS C∂pw ]cn-]m-en-°-s∏-Sp∂ aX-

cq-]-ßƒ ]m‹-X-ßƒ F∂v ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p.

hnI-knX aX-ßƒ F∂p ]d-™m¬

Ahbv°v Ncn-X-]-c-amb hnI-k-\w, aX-

bqWn‰v A©v

hnhn[ aX-ßfpw FI-yp-sa-\n-khpw

A≤ymbw H∂v

hnhn[ aX-ßƒ

86

ÿm-]-I-tcm ]cn-jvI¿Øm-°tfm Bb

alm-flm-°ƒ, aX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ, hni-zm-k-

]-chpw BNm-c-]-c-hp-amb s]mXp LS-I-

ßƒ apX-em-bh D≠v. ""hnI-knX'' aX-

ß-fmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ aX-ß-sf√mw

Xs∂ Gj-y≥ aXß-fm-Wv. Gj-y-bpsS

]Sn-™mdpw Ing°pw cq]w ]m]n-®-h-

sb∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ Ahsb ]m›m-X-y-

a-X-ß-sf-∂pw, ]uc-kvX-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂pw

XcwXncn°mw.

3. ]m›-mX-y-a-X-ßƒ

Gj-y-bpsS ]Sn-™mdv cq]-s∏´

aXßsf ]m›m-X-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂pw

skan‰nIv aX-ßƒ F∂pw hnfn-°p-∂p.

blpZ-a-Xw, ssIkvXh aXw, C…mw

aXw F∂n-h-bmWv Ah. t\ml-bpsS

]pX\mb tians‚ hwi-]-c-º-c-bn¬

\n∂v Ch-bpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb Bcw`w

Ipdn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ BWv tia-y-a-X-ßƒ

AYhm skan-‰nIv aX-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-

°p-∂-Xv. ]uc-kvX-y-a-X-ß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-

X-embn ]m›m-X-y-a-X-ßƒ AYhm skan-

‰nIv aX-ßƒ°v GI-ssZ-h-hn-i-zm-k-

Ønep-≈ Du∂¬ aX-KŸ ]am-Wn-

IXzw, aX-ÿm-]I ]m[m-\-yw, aX-]-N-

cW hyKX apX-em-bh Ds≠∂v ]d-

bm-dp-≠v.

4. ]uc-kvXy aX-ßƒ

Gj-y-bpsS ]uc-kvXy `mKØv cq]-

s∏´ aX-ßƒ F∂mWv ]uc-kvXy aX-

ßƒ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv.

][m-\-ambn C∂sØ Cdm≥ (]-gb

t]¿j-y), C¥-y, ssN\, P∏m≥ F∂n-

hn-S-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏´ aX-ß-sf-bmWv

]uc-kvX-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]mgvkn aXw AYhm skmcm-jvSnb≥

aXw, Xmshm-a-Xw, jnt‚maXw F∂n-h-

sbbmWv ]uc-kvX-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ ]mgvkn-aXw AYhm

skmcm-jvSn-b≥ aXw Cdm-\n¬ (]-gb

t]¿j-y) D¤-hn-®-sX-¶nepw C∂v Ipsd-

sb-¶nepw A\p-bmbn-Iƒ AXn-\p-≈Xv

C¥-y-bnem-Wv. lnµp aXhpw, ssP\-a-Xhpw,

_p≤-a-Xhpw, kn°p-a-Xhpw mc-X-Øn¬

D¤-hn-®-h-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v mc-X-a-X-ßƒ

F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. I¨^-yq-jyaXhpw

Xmthm aXhpw ssN\-bn¬ D¤-hn-®-sX-

¶nepw C∂v Ahbv°v Hcn-SØpw Xs∂

Imc-y-amb ]Nmcw C√. P∏m-\n¬ D¤-

hn® jnt‚m aXw P∏m-\nse cmP-Iob

aX-am-Wv.

5. blq-Z-aXw apX¬jnt‚m aXw hsc

a) blq-Z-aXw

blq-Z-aXw AYhm F_m-b-aXw

hfsc ]pcm-X-\-amb temI-a-X-ß-fn¬

H∂m-Wv. BZy amXm-]n-Xm-°-fmb BZm-

an¬ \n∂pw l∆m-bn¬ \n∂pw Bcw-`n-

°p∂ a\p-j-y-N-cn-X-hpw, tKmX-]n-Xm-

hmb A_-lm-an¬ \n∂pw Bcw-`n-

°p∂ hwi-N-cn-Xhpw tami-ap-X-ep-≈

]hm-N-I-∑mcm¬ \bn-°-s∏´ Hcp

ssZhnI Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Ncn-Xhpw blqZ-

∑m¿°p-≠v. blqZ aX Pohn-X-Øns‚

tIµ-ambn tXmd AYhm \ymb ]am-

WsØ ImWmw. ss__n-fnse ]gb

\nbaw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ blq-Z-a-X-KŸw

Xs∂-bm-Wv. blq-Z-a-Xm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fpsS

GIo-IrX tIµw bcp-itew tZhm-e-b-

am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw AXv G.Un 71˛¬

XI¿°-s∏´pIgn™v ho≠pw \n¿Ωn-°p-

hm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. blq-Z-∑m¿ temI-

Øns‚ hnhn[ mK-ß-fn-embn NnXdnt∏m-

sb-¶nepw bnkm-tb¬ cmjvSw 1948˛¬

cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn. blq-Z-∑m¿ Ct∏mgpw

aninlm AYhm c£-I\pth≠n ImØn-

cn-°p-∂p. temI-N-cn-X-Ønse G‰hpw

87

BZysØ GI ssZh hni-zmk ]ÿm-

\-amWv blq-Z-a-Xw.

b) ssIkvXh aXw

]e-a-X-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn ssIkvXh

aXsØ ImW-cp-sX∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂hcp-

s≠-¶nepw Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]T-\-Øn¬-

ssIkvX-h-[¿Ωw temI-a-X-ß-fn-sem-

∂m-Wv. tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ tIµo-I-cn®

ssZhnI c£m]≤-Xn-bmWv ssIkvXh

aX-Øns‚ ImX¬. ]gb \nb-ahpw

]pXnb \nb-ahpw tN¿∂ ss__n-fmWv

ssIkvX-h-a-X-Øns‚ ]amW KŸw.

temI-Øn¬ AwK-kw-J-y-bn¬ H∂mw

ÿm\hpw C¥-y-bn¬ aq∂mw ÿm\hpw

ssIkvXh aX-Øn\mWv. ssIkvX-h¿

s]mXpth Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv, ItØm-

en°m, s]m -Ã‚ v F∂o aq∂v hn`m-Kß-

fmbn ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. Cu Htcm hn-`m-

K-Øn\pw D]hn- m-K-ß-fp-≠v. a‰p-≈ hn`m-

K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hy-X-y-kvXambn ItØm-

en°m hn`mKw s]mXphn¬ Xeh-\mbn

am¿∏m-∏sb AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw D]-hn-

`m-K-ßƒ A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb ]tX-y-I-

X-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øn-sIm≠v hnizmk

sFIyw ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

c) C…mw aXw

C…mw F∂ Ad_n ]Z-Øn\v A\p-

k-cWbpsS aXw F∂v kqN-\-bp-≠v.

F.Un. Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Atd-_-y-bpsS

kaK ]cn-jv°m-c-Øn\v t\Xr-Xzw

\¬Inb apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS aX-]-ÿm-

\-amWv C…mw. C…mw Hcp \nX-y-aX

]ÿm-\hpw apl-ΩZv AXns‚ A¥-y-

]-hm-N-I-\p-am-sW∂v ap…o-ßƒ hni-z-kn-

°p-∂p. GI-ssZh hni-zm-k-Ønepw a\p-

jy kmtlm-Z-c-y-Ønepw Du∂nb Cu aX-

]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ tIµ _nµp Jpdm≥

F∂ aX-K-Ÿ-am-Wv. C…m-an¬ c≠v

]_e hn`m-K-ßƒ D≠v: kp∂n-Ifpw

jnbm-I-fpw. temI-P-\-kw-Jybn¬ c≠mw

ÿm\-ØmWv C…mw. C…m-ans‚

BtKm-f-]p-Wy tIµ-amWv kuZn Atd-

_-y-bnse a°m. Chn-tS-bv°p-≈ Xo¿∞m-

S-\-amWv l÷v.

d) ]mgvkn aXw (skm-cm-jvSob\nkw)

_n.kn Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ t]¿j-y-

bn¬ ]h¿Øn® Hcp almflmhmWv

sktcm-hm-jvS¿. At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂m-cw-

`n® aX-]-ÿm-\-amWv ]mgvkn aXw

AYhm skmcm-jvSob\nkw. ]mgvkn

aX-Øns‚ thZ-K-Ÿ-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv skmtcm-hm-jvS-dpsS D]-tZ-i-ß-

fmb KmY-I-fm-Wv. hncp≤ i‡n-I-fmb

Alp-c-am-kvZ (\-∑)bpw AwK-a-\yphpw

(Xn∑-) XΩn-ep-≈ \nc-¥-c-t]m-cm-´-ambn

Pohn-XsØ I≠p-sIm-≠v, Alq-c-am-kvZ-

bpsS hiØp \n∂v hnPbw hcn-°p-hm-

\p-≈ Bl-zm-\-amWv ]mgvkn aXØn-

t‚Xv. t]¿j-y≥ ]tZ-iØv C…mw ]_-

e-s∏-´-Xn-s\-Xp-S¿∂v C¥-y-bn¬ amX-

amWv Iptd ]mgvknIƒ D≈-Xv.

e) lnµp-aXw

C¥-y-bn¬ G‰hpw ]_-e-hpw,

temI-P-\-kw-J-y-bn¬ aq∂mw ÿm\-ap-

≈-Xpamb aX-amWv lnµp-a-Xw. bYm¿∞-

-Øn¬ lnµp F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ kqN\

`qan-im-kvX-]-c-am-Wv. kn‘p\Znbv°v

Np‰p-]m-Sp-≈ `qhn-`m-KsØ AXn\p ]Sn-

™m-dp-≈-h¿ hnfn-®n-cp∂ t]cmWv lnµp

F∂-Xv. lnµp-aXw F∂ ]Z]-tbmKw

C¥-y-bnse bqtdm-]-y≥ A[n-\n-th-i-

tØm-sS-bmWv ]Nm-c-Øn-em-b-Xv. lnµp-

°ƒ Xs∂ Xß-fpsS aX-]-ÿm-\sØ

"k\m-X-\-[¿Ωw' F∂mWv hnfn-®n-´p-

≈Xv. Bc-y-∑m-sc∂pw Bc-y-∑m-c-√m-Ø-

h-sc∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ P\-hn-

88

`mK-ßƒ lnµp-a -X-]m-c -º-c -y -Øn¬

tN¿°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v temI-

Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ sshhn-[-y-ßƒ

D≈ aXamWv lnµp-a-Xw. lnµp-a-X-

Ønse thZ-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬

G‰hpw ][m\w \mep thZ-ßfpw Bdv

thZmw-K-ßfpw \mev D]mw-K-ßfpw BWv.

lnµp-a-X-Øn¬ [mcmfw Ahm-¥c hn`mK-

ßfpw `‡n-]-ÿm-\-ßfpw D≠v. `‡n

]ÿm-\-ß-fmb ssih, sshjvW-h,

i‡n ]ÿm-\-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ D]-

hn- m-K-ß-fp-≠v.

f) ssP\-aXw

_n.kn Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®p-

sh∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ h¿[-am\ alm-ho-

cs‚ kzm-[o-\-Øn¬ hf¿∂ ]ÿm-\-

am-Wv ssP\-aXw. ssP\-a-X-ÿm-]I-

\mbn At±-lsØ Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶nepw,

ssP\-a-X-Øns‚ HutZ-ym-KnI ho£-W-

]-Imcw ssP\-aXw k\m-X-\-amWv.

AXnse kao-]-Ime Xo¿∞-¶-c≥ amX-

amWv alm-ho-c≥. ssP\≥ AY-h P\n≥

"hnP-bn-®-h≥' BWv. I¿Ω _m‘-h-ß-

sfbpw ]p\¿P-\-\-sØbpw hnP-bn®v

ssIh-eyw AW-bp-I-bmWv ssP\-a-X-

e£-yw. ssP\-aX thZ-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬

][m\w ]q¿∆, AwK, D]mwK t]cp-I-

fn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. ssP\-a-X-Øn\v

tiz-Xw-_-c¿ F∂pw ZnKw-_-c¿ F∂pw

c≠v hn`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. C¥-y-bn¬ aq∂v Zi-

e-£-Øn-e-[nIw ssP\-∑m-cp-≠v.

g) _p≤-aXw

_nkn. Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®p-

sh∂v hni-z-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ KuX-a-_p-

≤s‚ kzm-[o-\-Øn¬ hf¿∂ ]ÿm-\-

amWv _p≤-a-Xw. HutZ-ym-KnI ho£-W-

]-Imcw _p≤-a-Xhpw k\m-X-\-amWv.

_p≤≥ F∂m¬ t_m[n AYhm

⁄m\w ]m]n-®-h≥ F∂m-Wv. XrjvW

AYhm Bk-‡nsb AXn-Po -hn®v

\n¿hmWw AS-bp-hm-\p-≈ ⁄m\-am-Wv,

_p≤-a-X-Ønse \mev tijvT kX-y-ßƒ

\¬Ip-∂-Xv. Ahsb hni-Z-am-°p∂ aX-

K-Ÿ-ß-fmWv Xn]o-TI F∂v Adn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv. _p≤-aXw C¥-y-bn¬ Bcw-`n-®p-

sh-¶nepw C¥-ybv°v shfn-bn¬ AXv

hym-]n®v i‡n ]m]n-®p. C¥-y-bn¬

Xs∂ A©p Zi-e-£-tØmfw _p≤-a-

Xm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ D≠v. _p≤-a-X-Øn\pw

c≠v ][m\ hn`m-K-ß-fp-≠v: lo\-bm-\,

alm-bm-\. ssP\-a-X-Øns‚bpw _p≤-a-

X-Øns‚bpw s]mXp ]tX-y-IX Ah

]pcm-X\ lnµp [¿ΩsØ A\m-Nm-c-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v ]cn-jv°-cn-°p-hm≥ Df-hm-

bXm-sW-∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂

Cuizc k¶¬∏-tam, Bfl k¶¬∏tam

C√mØ aX-]-ÿm-\-ß-fmbn c≠pw

i≤n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

h) kn°paXw

C¥-y-bn¬ Bcw-`n® aX-ß-fn¬

G‰hpw Ah-km-\-tØXmWv kn°p-a-Xw.

F.Un. ]Xn-\©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn®

aX]cn-jvI¿Øm-hm-bn-cp∂ Kpcp-\m-\m-

°ns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fmWv kn°p-Im¿.

Kpcp-\m-\m-°ns‚bpw ]n¬°me Kpcp-°-

∑m-cp-sSbpw D]-tZ-i-ßƒ tN¿Ø Kpcp-

KŸ-km-ln_v kn°p-a-X-Øns‚ BZn

KŸ-am-Wv, ]cn-]m-h-\-amb aX-k-º-

ØmWv. GI-ssZh hni-zm-k-hpw, hni-z-

km-tlm-Z-c-yhpw Db¿Øn-∏-d-bp∂ kn°p-

a-X-Øns‚ tIµ-ÿm-\-am-Wv Aar’-

dnse kph¿Æ t£Xw. C¥-y-bn¬ P\-

kwJy-bn¬ \memw ÿm\-amWv kn°p

aX-Øn\v.

i) I¨^-yqjy aXw

ssN\-bn¬ InkvXp-hn\v apºv Bdmw

89

\q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®p-sh∂v hni-z-kn-°-s∏-

Sp∂ XmX-zn-Im-Nm-c-y-\mWv I¨ -q-j-y-kv.

A∂v At±-lsØ Hcp Znhy ]pcp-j-

\mbpw t\Xm-hmbpw I≠v At\Iw

A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ D≠m-bn. B ]ÿm\w

Hcp aX-]-ÿm-\-ambn Adn-b-s∏-´p.

[m¿ΩnI ]am-W-ß-fnepw t£a-cm-jvS-

k-¶-ev]-Ønepw Bbn-cp-∂p I¨^-yq-

jkns‚ Du∂¬. I¨^yqjy≥

¢mkn°p-Iƒ F∂v At±lØns‚

D]tZ -ikw-ln -XIƒ hnfn°s∏´p.

]n¬°me IΩyq-WnÃv ssN\-bn¬

Cu ]ÿm\w \ntcm-[n -°-s∏-´ -Xn -

\m¬ ssN\-bn¬ C∂v Hcp Hu]-Nm

-cnI aX-a√ I¨^-yq-j-\n-kw. ]t£

ssN\okv kwkvIm-c-sØbpw P\-Po-hn-

X-sØbpw F∂pw `cn-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-

fmbn I¨-^yq-j-y -\nkw kPo-h-am-

sW∂pw ]d-bmw.

j) Xmthm aXw

Xmthm F∂ ssN\okv ]Z-Øns‚

kqN\ ]]-©-sØbpw Pohn-X-sØbpw

\nb-¥n-°p∂ XXzw F∂m-Wv. _n. kn.

Bdmw \q‰m-≠n¬ ssN\-bn¬ Pohn®

emthm´vsk F∂ Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-bm-

bn-I-fmWv Xmthm aX-]-ÿm-\-ambn

hf¿Øn-bXv. Xmshm, sX, Nnßv F∂o

aq∂v ]Z-ß-fn-eq-∂nb [m¿ΩnI ]am-W-

ß-fmWv Xmthm-bn-kØn¬ D≈-Xv.

]n¬°m-eØv IΩ-yq-WnÃv ssN\-bn¬

I¨^q-j-y-\n-k-Øns‚ A\p-`-hhpw

XpS¿®bpw Fß-s\-sb∂v apI-fn¬

kqNn-∏n-®pthm AXp Xs∂ Xmthm-bn-

k-sØ-°pdn®pw ]d-bmw.

k) jnt‚m aXw

P∏ms‚ HutZ-ym-KnI aX-amWv jnt‚m

aXw. sj‚mthm F∂ ssN\okv ]ZamWv

jns‚m aX- ]ÿm-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-

an-´Xv (]-kvXpX ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w

ssZh-ß-fpsS am¿§w F∂mWv.) ssZhnI

Bflm-°-fpsS Bcm-[-\-bmWv jnt‚m

aX-Øns‚ ][m\ BNm-cw. ssZhnI

Bflm-°sf ""Iman'' F∂v P∏m-\n¬

hnfn-°p-∂p. jnt‚m aX-Øns‚ KŸ-

ßsf ImPnIn F∂pw, \ntlmwIn

F∂pw hnfn-°p-∂p. kqc-y-tZ-h-X-bn¬

\n∂p-¤-hn® Bflm-°-fpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-

bn-emWv P∏m-\nse cmPhwiw F∂p-≈-

Xn-\m¬ jnt‚maXw P∏ms‚ cmP-Io-b-

a-X-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

6. aX-_-lp-e-XbpwssIkvX-h-hn-i-zm-khpw

ssZhw Ht∂-bp-≈p. B ssZhw

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ssZhw BWv (tdm-a¿

3:29). F√m-h-cp-sSbpw \∑bpw c£bpw

B ssZhw BK-ln-°p-∂p. c£-bpsS

apJm-¥ncw tbip-In-kvXp-hm-Wv. tbip-

In-kvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp-≈ c£m-\p-`-h-Øn-

te°v F√m-hcpw FØp-hm≥ ssZhw

ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn InkvXp

inj-y¿°v G¬∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ Npa-X-e-

bmWv kphn-ti-j-tLm-j-Ww. ]t£

AXv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂Xv £a-tbmSpw

kvt\l-tØmSpw Xmgva-tbmSpw Xym-K-

at\m-`m-h-tØm-Spw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. Chn-

sS-bmWv aX-ku-lm¿-±-Øns‚bpw kam-

[m-\-]-c-amb kl-h¿ØnØ-Øns‚bpw

Bh-i-yw. `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm, hn[n-

I¬∏n°pItbm sNøp-I-b-√, a‰p-≈h-

cnepw \∑-bp-s≠∂pw Ah-cnepw ssZhw

]h¿-Øn°pw F∂pw D≈ [mc-W-

tbmsS ssIkvXh hni-zm-k-Øn¬ Bg-

ap-≈-h-cmbn InkvXob km£yw \n¿∆-

ln-°p-hm≥ ian-°-b-tX th≠-Xv.

]kvXpX km£y-Øn\v A\p-t]-£-Wo-

b-amb Hcp kao-]-\-amWv At∏m-kvtXm-

e-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ 10:34-˛35. ""ssZh-Øn\v

90

apJ-]-£-an√ F∂pw GXp PmXn-bnepw

Ahs\ `b-s∏´v \oXn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-

hs\ Ah≥ AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂pw

Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ bYm¿∞-ambn Kln-

°p∂p.''

tNmZ-y-ßƒ

1. BtKmfh-Xv°-c-Whpw aX-ß-sf-°p-

dn -®p-≈ ]T-\hpw Fß-s\-bmWv

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?

2. ]ucm-Wn-I-a-X-ßƒ F∂m¬ F¥v?

Ah-bpsS s]mXp kz-`mhw F¥v?

3. ]m›m-X-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂m¬ F¥v?

Ah-bpsS s]mXp kz-`mhw F¥v?

4. ]uc-kvX-y-a-X-ßƒ F∂m¬ F¥v?

Ah-bpsS s]mXp-k-z-`mhw F¥v?

5. temI-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hnI-knX

aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v D]-\-y-kn-°pI?

6. kphn-tij ZuXyw hnkva-cn-°mØ

Hcp aXkao-]-\-sØ-°p-dn®v eLp-

hmbn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-I.

7. `mc-X-Ønse aX_lp-e-X-tbmSv

k`bpsS ]Xn-I-cWw F¥m-bncn-

°Ww?

91

1. tbip-In-kvXphpw k`bpwk`sb ÿm]n°pw F∂v tbip -

InkvXp hy-‡-ambn ]d-™n-cp∂p (hn.

aØmbn 16:18). B k`-bpsS Ncn-X-]-c-

amb ÿm]-\-amWv s]¥n-t°mkvXn

s]cp-∂m-fn¬ bcp-i-te-an¬ \S-∂Xv

(At∏m ]: 2) I¿Ømhv c£n-°-s∏-Sp-

∂-hsc Zn\w]Xn k`-tbmSv tN¿Øp-

sIm-≠n-cp∂p (At∏m. ] 2:47). Cßs\

Bcw-`n® k`, ssZh-cm-P-y-Øns‚ `qan-

bnse ]Im-i-\-am-Wv.AXn\v tbip-In-

kvXp-hn-t\mSv B¥-cn-I-amb Hcp ]tXyI

sF-I-y-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Cu sFI-ysØ

kqNn∏n-°p∂ hnti-j-W-ß-fm-Wv, k`

InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-am-sW-∂pw, InkvXp-

hns‚ aW-hm-ń-bm-sW∂pw D≈ ]cm-

a¿iw. Hcp Imcyw kX-yw. InkvXp ÿm-

]n-® k` GI-amWv.

2. Hcp k`bpw hnhn[k`mhn`m-K-ßfpw

InkvXp -hns‚ ico-c -amb GI

k`bv°v ]mtZ-in-I-ambn D≠mb k`m

kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn¬ hni-zm-k-]-c-amb

sFIyw kq£n-°m≥ am\p-jn-I-amb

_e-lo-\-X-Iƒ \nanØw ]n¬°m-eØv

Ign-™n-√. AXp-aqew k`-bn¬ hn`-

P\ßƒ D≠m-bn. Cßs\ hnhn[ k`m

hn`m-K-ßƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. k`-bpsS

hn -P\w a\p-j-ys‚ ]m]-Øns‚ ehpw

ssZh-ln-X-Øn\v hncp-≤hpw BWv.

]t£, hni-zm-k-]-c-ambn Xß-sf-SpØ

\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ icn-bm-sW∂v Htcm k`m

hn`m-Khpw hni-z-kn-°p-Ibpw AXns\

\ym-bo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v

hn` -P\w XpS¿∂pw k`-bn¬ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p. InkvXp-hns‚ GI-k- -bpsS

sFIyw ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Cu hn`-

P\w XS-k-ambn \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Fs∂m-s°-bmWv ][m\ hn`-P-\-ßƒ

D≠m-b-sX-∂pw, GsXm-s°-bmWv ][m\

InkvXob hn`m-K-ßƒ F∂pw, Ah

XΩn -ep -≈ ][m\ hyXym -k-ßƒ

Fs¥∂v Adn-bp-∂-Xp-aqew ]c-kv]cw

Iq´m-bvabv°pw sFI-y-Øn\pw am¿§-ßƒ

Bcm-bp-hm\pw AXn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-

°p-hm\pw km[n-°pw.

3. GI-k-`-bnse hn`P\NcnXw

A©mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc BI-am\

ssIkvXh k` GI k`-bmbpw hni-zm-

k-]-c-ambn sFI-y-ap-≈ ]tZ-ioI k`m

kaq-l-ß-fmbpw \ne-\n-∂p. F∂m¬

F.Un 451 se I¬°-tZm-\y kp∂-l-tZm-

kn¬ h®mWv hni-zm-k-]-c-amb Imc-W-

Øm¬ k -bn¬ BZ-y-hn- -P\w D≠m-bXv.

tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ ssZh, a\p-jy kz`m-

h-ßƒ Fßs\ h¿Øn-®p-sh∂ hnjb-

Øn¬ c≠v ]_e ho£-W-ßƒ

XΩn¬ kwL¿j-ap-≠m-bn. c≠v hn`mK-

ßfpw GI-k-z-`mhhmZn-I-sf∂pw, Ccp-

kz`mh hmZn-I-sf∂pw hnfn®p th¿]n-

cn™p. CXn¬ Ccp-k-z-`mh ho£-W-

A≤ymbw c≠v

hnhn[ InkvXob hn`m-K-ßƒ

92

amWv I¬°-tZm-\y kp∂-l-tZmkv

AwKoI-cn-®Xv F∂-Xp-sIm≠v adp-`mKw

]kvXpX kp∂-l-tZm-kns\ X≈n.

Cßs\ I¬-°-tZm-\y hncp≤hn`mKw

A∂sØ Ae-Ivkm-¥n-b≥ ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ I¬°-tZm-

t\-y-Xc k`m hn`m-K-ambpw adp hn`mKw

tdman-se ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ t\Xr-X-z-

Øn¬ I¬°-tZm-\y hn`m-K-ambpw amdn.

I¬°-tZm-t\-y-Xc hn`mKw C∂p-h-scbpw

Xß-fpsS hni-zmk \ne-]m-Sn¬ \ne-\n-

∂p-sIm-≠v, C∂sØ Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`m hn`m-K-ambn Adn-b-s∏-

Sp∂p. Cu hn`m-K-Øn-emWv Ae-Ivkm-¥n-

b≥ AYh tIm]v‰nIv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`, At¥-ym-J-y≥ kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`, FtX-ym-]-y≥ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`, A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`, C¥y-

bnse ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`, Fdn-

Xn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` F∂n-h.

(hni-Z-amb enÃv ImWp-I.)

1. tIm]v‰nIv k`

CXn\v Ae-Ivkm- ¥n -b≥ k`-

sb∂pw, CKp-]vXmb k -sb∂pw t]cp≠v.

tIm]v‰nIv hwin-I-hpw `mjm-]-c-hp-ambn

ap≥Xq°w D≈-Xp-sIm≠v tIm]v‰nIv k`

F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. hn. a¿t°m-kns‚ (kphn-

ti-j-I≥) knwlm-k\ ]n¥p-S¿®-bmWv

Cu k`-bv°p-≈-Xv. CuPn-]vXnse sIbv-

tdm-bn¬ Bÿm-\-ap-≈ tIm]v‰nIv ]mXn-

b¿°okn\v t]m∏v F∂ A`n-[m\w

D≠v.

2. At¥-ym-I-y≥ k`

At¥ym-J-y≥ k`-bpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-

bn¬ C∂v kndn-b-bn-epw, se_-t\m-\n-epw,

Cdm-°nepw, Xp¿°n-bnepw NnX-dn-∏m¿-

°p∂ k`-bm-WnXv. C∂v `qan-im-kvX-]-

c-amb Hcp _‘w Cu k`bv°v At¥ym-

Jy-bp-am-bn- C-√. hn. ]tXmkv «olm-

bpsS ss«lnI ]n¥p-S¿®-bp-≈ k`-

bpsS Bÿm\w kndn-b-bnse Za-kvtIm-

kn-em-Wv. Cu k`-bpsS Iogn-em-bn-´mWv

C¥-ybnse bmt°m-_mb hn`mKw kzbw

ImWp-∂-Xv. k`m Xe-h≥ ""At¥ymJym

]mXn-b¿°okv'' F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.

3. FtX-ym-]-y≥ k`

Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-

fn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ AwK-_-e-ap-≈

k`-bm-Wn-Xv. FtX-ym-]-y-bn¬ H∂mw

\q‰m≠p apX¬ InkvXp inj-y-∑m¿

(^nen-t∏mkv kv\m\w \e-Inb FtX-ym-

]-y≥ jfi≥ apX-em-b-h¿) D≠m-bn-cp-

s∂-¶nepw Hcp k`-bm-bn-´p-≈ NcnXw

XpS-ß-p∂Xv \memw \q‰m≠v apX-em-Wv.

\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ FtX-ym-]-y-bn¬ kphn-

tijw Adn-bn® ^qsa≥j-y-kns‚bpw

FUo-j-y-kns‚bpw A©mw \q‰m-≠n¬

FtX-ym-]-y-bn¬ FØnb HºXp kndn-

b≥ k\-ym-kn-I-fp-sSbpw hnip≤ ]mc-

º-cyw FtX-ym-]-y≥ k`-bv°p-≠v. Zo¿L-

Imew tIm]v‰nIv k`-bpsS Bflob

ta¬hn-Nm-c-I-Xzw FtX-ym-]-y≥ k -bv°p-

≠m-bn-´p-≠v. k`-bpsS Xe-h≥ ""]mXn-

b¿°okv'' F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. k`m

Bÿm\w BUnkv A_m-_-bn-em-Wv.

4. A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ k`

\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ cmPm-h-S°w Hcp

cmPyw apgp-h≥ InkvX-ym-\n-I-fmb Ncn-

X-amWv A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ k`-bv°p-≈-Xv.

A¤p-X-]-h¿Ø-I\pw ]Im-i-hm-lnbp-

amb KnK-dn-bn¬ \n∂mWv A¿Ωo-\nb

kphn-tij shfn®w ]m]n-®-Xv. djy-

bpsS mK-am-bn-cp-∂ A¿Ωo-\n-b, se_m-

t\m≥ F∂n-hn-S-ßn¬ P\-ßfpw k`m

Bÿm-\-ßfpw D≠v. ][m\ Bÿm\w

A¿Ωo\n-b-bnse F®-an -bm-Uvkn≥

93

BWv. Ahn-SpsØ ImtXm-en-°msb

kp]ow ImtXm-en-°m-sb-∂pw, se_-t\m-

\nse ]tZ-inI k`m Xehs\ knen-

j-y≥ ImtXm-en-°m-sb∂pw hnfn°p∂p.

5. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`

am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS ss«lnI

]utcm-ln-Xy ]n¥p-S¿®-bn¬ H∂mw

\q‰m≠v apX¬ C¥-ybn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂

\ΩpsS k`-sb-°p-dn®v k`m-N-cn-X-`m-

KØv ]Tn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ChnsS hnhcn-

°p-∂n-√. k`mXe-h≥ ImtXm-en-°mbpw

ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw F∂-dn-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p. k`-bpsS Bÿm\w tIc-f-

Øn¬ tIm´-bØv tZh-tem-Iw BWv.

6. Fdn-Xn-b≥ k`

FtX-ym-]-ybn¬ \n∂pw kz-X-¥-amb

Fdn-Xn-b-bnse k`-bm-Wn-Xv. kzX-¥-

k-`-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu k` Nne ]co-

£-W-ß-fn¬ IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

(cmjvSob kml-N-c-y-ßƒ \nan-Øw)

I¬°-tZm-\y hn`mKw sFI-y-tØmsS

]Xn-s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc XpS¿∂p.

F∂m¬ ]Xn -s\m∂mw \q‰m -≠n¬

]cnip-≤m-flmhns‚ ]pd-∏mSv F∂ hnj-

b-Øn¬ Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ hni-zm-k-

h-y-X-ymkw D≠m-bn. ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv

]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw ""]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw''

(^nse-tbm-s°) ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂p

\nJ-ym-hn-i-zmk ]am-W-Øn¬ am‰n-s®m-

√p-hm≥ tdmanse ]mXn-b¿°okv \n¿t±-

in®t∏mƒ AXn-t\mSv IpkvX¥o-t\mkv-

t]meo-knse ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ t\Xr-

X-z-Øn¬ Hcp hn`mKw hntbm-Pn-®p. Ah-

scSpØ \ne]mSv ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv ]nXm-

hn¬ \n∂pw ]dp-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ \nJ-ym-

hn-i-zmk ]am-W-Ønse ]Z-]-tbm-KsØ

AtX-]Sn ]cn-c-£n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Cßs\ ^nse-tbms° hncp≤ \ne-

]msSSp-Ø-h¿ C∂p-h-scbpw Xß-fpsS

hnizmk \ne-]m-Sn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v

C∂sØ CutÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`m hn`m-K-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu

hn`m-K-Øn\v ss_k‚bn≥ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-I-sf∂pw Ko°v Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-I-sf∂pw ]cn-an-X-amb

Hc¿∞-Øn¬ t]cp-≠v. Cu KW-Øn¬

][m-\-ambpw Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ k`-Iƒ

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

1. IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]mXn-

b¿°okv F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Xp¿°n-bnse CÃmw-_qƒ k`m

Bÿm\w

2. Ae-Ivkm-¥nb-bnse (ss_-km‚-

bn≥) k`: k`m Xe-h\ Ae-Ivkm-

¥n-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv F∂v hnfn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂p. CuPn-]vXn¬ Ae-Ivkm-

¥nb≥ k`m Bÿm\w

3. At¥-ym-J-y-bnse (ss_-km‚-bn≥)

k`: k`m Xe-h≥ At¥-ym-Jym

]mXn-b¿°okv F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-

Sp∂p. kndn-b-bn¬ Za-kvtImkv k`m

Bÿm-\w.

4. bcp-i-te-anse (ss_-km‚-bn≥)

k`: k`m Xe-h≥ bcp-i-tew ]mXn-

b¿°okv F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Ck-

tb-en¬ bcp-i-tew k`m Bÿm-\w.

5. dj-y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: k`m

Xe-h≥ dj-y≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv F∂p

hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. dj-y-bn¬ tamkvtIm

Bÿm-\w. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-

fn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ AwK-kw-Jy

dj-y≥ k`-bv°mWv.

6. sk¿_n-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ sk¿_n-b≥ ]mXn-b¿-

°okv F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. k`m

Bÿm\w sk¿_n-b-bn¬ s_¬-

tKUv.

94

7. dpta-\n-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ dpta-\n-b≥ ]mXn-b¿-

°okv F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. k`m

Bÿm\w dpta-\n-b-bn¬ _p°m-dÃv.

8. ssk]kv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`mXe-h≥ ssk]-kv B¿®v

_nj∏v. k`m Bÿm\w ssk]-

kn¬ \nt°mj-y.

9. Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: k`m

Xe-h≥ Ko°v B¿®v _nj∏v k`m

Bÿm\w Koknse BX≥kv

10. _pƒKm-dn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ _pƒKm-dn-b≥ ]mXn-

b¿°okv. k`m B-ÿm\w _pƒKm-

dn-b-bnse tkm^nb.

11. t]mfojv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: k`m

Xe-h≥ t]mf-≠ns‚ saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm. k`m Bÿm\w t]mf≠nse

hm¿tkm.

12. tPm¿Pn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ tPm¿Pn-b≥ ]mXn-

b¿°okv. k`m Bÿm\w tPm¿Pn-

b-bn¬ X_venkn

13. sN°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: k`m

Xe-h≥ sNt°m-…m-hm-°n-b-bpsS

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm.- k`m Bÿm\w

sNt°m-…m-hm-°n-b-bn¬ ]mKv.

14. ^n≥e‚ v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: k`m

Xe-h≥ n≥e‚nse B¿®v _nj∏v.

k`m Bÿm\w ^n≥e-‚n¬ IpH-

]n-sbm.

15. Ata-cn-°≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m-X-e-h≥ satXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥

B¿®v _nj-∏v, k`m Bÿm\w

\yptbm¿°v

16. Pm∏-\okv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`:

k`m Xe-h≥ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm. k`m

Bÿm\w P∏m-\n¬ tSmtIym.

]Xn-s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠nse k`m hn -

P-\Øn\p-tijw, tdma≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv

]m∏mbpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂

k`m hn`mKw tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

Bbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu k`m hn`m-K-

Øn¬ Hcp BtKmf k`-sb∂ hn[-

Øn¬ tdmanse ]m∏m-bpsS Iogn¬ Xt±-

iob Bcm-[\m kzm-X-¥-y-tØm-sS-bp-≈

k`m cW kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-≠v. Cu k`m

hn`m-K-Øn¬ ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-t≠msS

as‰mcp hn`-P\w \S-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv

s]m -Ã‚ v \ho-I-cWw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.

ImtØm-en-°m-k-`-bnse sshZn-I-\m-bn-

cp∂ am¿ń≥ eqY¿ k -bnse A\m-Nmc-

ßƒs°-Xnsc FXn¿∏p-]-I-Sn -∏n -®-

t∏mƒ AXns\ ]n¥p -W-bv°m≥

At\Iw t]cp-≠m-bn. Aß-s\-bm-Wv

s]m´-Ã‚ v k`-Iƒ D≠m-b-Xv. ]n¬°m-

eØv s]m´-Ã‚ v hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ Xs∂

At\Iw hn`-P-\-ßƒ D≠m-b-Xp-aq-ew,

\qdp-I-W-°n\v \ho-I-c-W-k- -Itfm kaq-

l-ßtfm C∂p-≠v. Nne s]m -Ã‚ v kaq-

l-ßsf k -Iƒ F∂ coXn-bn¬ ImWp-

hm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ skIvtS-dnb≥

hn`m-K-ßƒ F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ ssIkvXh Ncn-X-

Øn¬ bYm-Iaw A©mw \q‰m≠v, ]Xn-

s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠v, ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m≠v

F∂o Ime-L- ß-fn-em-bn v aq∂v ][m\

hn`-P-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

][m\ InkvXob hn`m-K-ß-fnse hni-zm-km-Nm-c-]-c-amb

GXm\pw ]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ

a) Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvkÌƒ

1. a\p -j-ym -h -Xmcw sNbvX ssZh-

]pXs‚ ssZhhpw a\p-j-y-\p-amb

GI hy-‡n-X-z-Øns‚ sFIy-k-z- mhw

Du∂n ]d-bp-∂p.

95

2. BZ-ysØ aq∂p km¿∆-XnI kp∂-

l-tZm-kp-Isf (\n-J-y, IpkvX-¥o-t\m-

t]m-eo-kv, Ft -kq-kv) amXw AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂p.

b) CutÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvkÌƒ

1. a\p-j-ym-h-Xmcw sNbvX ssZh-]p-X-

\nse ssZh a\p-jy kz-`m-h-ß-fpsS

hyXy-kvXX Du∂n-]-d-bp-∂p.

2. BZ-ysØ aq∂v kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpw

I¬°-tZm\pw Dƒs∏sS Ggv km¿∆-

XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

c) tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`

1. a\p-j-ym-h-Xmcw sNbvX ssZh-]p-X-

\nse ssZh a\p-jy kz-`m-h-ß-fpsS

hyXy-kvXX Du∂n-]-d-bp-∂p.

2. BZ-ysØ Ggp kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

Dƒs∏sS Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂v km¿∆-

XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ

3. ^nse-tbms° AwKo-I-cn -°p-∂p.

(\nJ-ym-hn-i-zm-k-]-am-W-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-

≤m-flmhv ]pX-\n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-

Sp∂p F∂v tN¿°p-∂-Xv)

4. I\-y-I-a-dn-bm-ans\ ""Aa-tem-¤h''

F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

5. BI-am\ k`-bpsS GI Xe-h\pw

]tXm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bp-ambn tdmam

]m∏bv°v A]-am -ZnØw Iev]n -

°p-∂p.

6. sshZnI _“-N-cyw \n¿_‘w

7. hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bnse hkvXp am‰

kn≤m¥w

8. ss__n-fn\v Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂v ]pkvX-

I-ßƒ

d) s]m -Ã‚ v k -Iƒ

1. InkvXpimkvX-]-c-ambn I¬s°-sZm-

\-y-\n-e]mSv (a-\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX

ssZh-]p-X-\nse ssZh-a-\p-jy-kz-`m-

h-ß-fpsS hyXy-kvXX Du∂n-∏-d-

bp∂p) ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p.

2. Adp -] -Ømdp ]pkvX-I -ß-fp -≈

ss__n-fns‚ B£-cnI Bfl-\n-iz-

kn-Xm-[n-Imcw Du∂n-]-d-b-∂p.

3. hn. Ip¿∫m-\sb _en-bmbn kzo-I-

cn-°p-∂n-√.

4. ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cpsS a≤-y-ÿ-Xbpw,

hmßn -t∏mbh¿°v th≠nbp≈

]m¿∞-\bpw cl-k-y-Ip-º-km-chpw

AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.

tNmZ-y-ßƒ

1. tbip-In-kvXphpw k`-bp-am-bp-≈

_‘-Øn¬ k` GI-am -sW∂v

\¬Ip∂ kqN-\-Iƒ GsXms°?

2. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv hn`-P\w k`-bn¬

\ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv?

3. k`-bnse hn`-P\ Ncn-X-Øns‚

aq∂p ][m\ L´-ßƒ Gh?

4. ssIkvXh Ncn-X-Ønse \mep

][m\ hn`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ][m-\-

s∏´ hni-zm-k-]-c-amb ]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ

GsX√mw?

96

1. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬F∂ ]ZkqN\

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ aqew

""Hbv°p-sas\'' F∂ Ko°v ]Z-am-Wv. Cu

]Z-Øn-s‚ A¿∞w A[n-h-kn-°p-∂nSw

F∂m-Wv. A[n-h-kn-°p-∂n-S-Øns‚

sFIyw F∂ kqN-\-tbmsS Cu ]Zw

]]-©-Øn\v apgp-h\pw, tdma≥ kmam-

P-y-Øn\p apgp-h-\pw, bh\ mj kwkm-

cn-°p-∂n-S-Øn\v apgp-h\pw k`bv°v apgp-

h\pw Hs°bmbn hnhn[ kml-N-c-y-ß-

fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. AXns‚ Hcp

XpS¿®-bmbn hnhn[ InkvXob hn`m-K-

ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ kl-I-c-W-Øns‚bpw

sFI-y-Øns‚bpw ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v

FI-yp -sa -\n -°¬ ]ÿm\w F∂v

t]cmbn. B[p-\nI Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k`-

I-fpsS sFIy-Øn\pw AXo-X-ambn a\p-

jyk-aq-l-ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ \oXn-]q¿∆-

amb kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw ]]-©-Øns‚

apgp-h≥ ka-K-Xbv°v th≠n-bp-≈ Iq´mb

bXv\-Øn\pw FI-ypsa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-

sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p≠v. Cu ]mT-Øn¬ ][m-

\-am-bpw, `n∂n®p \n¬°p∂ k`m hn`m-

K-ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ kl-I-c-WØn\pw

sFI-y-Øn-\p-am-bn- p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-am-bn-

´mWv FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\sØ

kao-]n-°p-∂-Xv.

2. Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]›m-Øew

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚

Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]cn-ia-ß-sf√mw XpS-ßn-

bXv ]m›mXy temI-Øm-Wv. bqtdm-∏n-

sebpw Ata-cn-°-bn-sebpw s]m´-Ã‚ v

k`m hn`m-K-ß-fn-emWv Ah Bcw- n-®Xv.

s]m´-Ã‚ v temIØv Bflob DW¿∆v

]ÿm-\-ßƒ i‡n-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, k`m

hy-X-ym -k-ßƒ°-∏p-d -amb Bflob

sFIyØn¬ Du∂n ss__nƒ ]T-\-

Øn-\pw, anj-\dn ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw

tkh\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°pw XpS-°-an-´-tXm-

sS-bmWv FI-yp-sa\n-°¬ ]ÿm\w

cq]w ]m]n-®-Xv. AXns‚ ap≥]¥n-bn¬

\n∂Xv \mev Imc-y-ß-fm-Wv. 1. hnZ-ym¿∞n-

˛-bp-h-P\ Bflob Iq´mbva D∂w h®

kwL-S-\-Iƒ 2. anj-W-\dn ]ÿm\w

3. Pohn-Xhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw (Life andWork) F∂ InkvXob kmaq-ly tkh\

]ÿm\w 4. hni-zm-khpw k`m Iahpw

(Faith and Order) F∂ hni-zmk sFI-y-

]-T\ ]ÿm\w

3. hnZ-ym¿∞n, bph-P\, BflobIq´mbva D∂w h® kwL-S-\-Iƒ

bqtdm -∏nepw Ata -cn -°-bnepw

ssIkvXh bph-P-\-ßƒ°v Bflob

\thm-∞m\w Bl-zm\w sNbvX hy-‡n-

I-fp-sSbpw kaq-lßfp-sSbpw ]h¿-

Ø\w ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ i‡-

am-bn. 1844˛¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Y.M.C.A(Young Men Christian Association) Dw,

1854˛¬ ÿm]n-X-amb Y.W.C.A (YoungWomen Christian Association) Dw AtX

Ime-L-´-Øn¬ k¿∆-I-em-imem Imº-

kp-Iƒ tIµo-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-°m≥ XpS-

ßnb Fkv.-hn.Fw (Student's Volunteer

A≤ymbw aq∂v

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\w

97

Movement), W.S.C.F (World Student'sChristian Federation) apX-em-bhbpw

k`mhyX-ym-k-Øn-\-XoX-amb ]m¿∞-\

]T\ kwcw-`-ß-fn-te°v bph-P-\-ßsf

£Wn-®p. Cu A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠v bph-P-\-ßƒ°v

tZiob, A¥¿tZ-iob Xe-ß-fn¬ t\Xr-

X-zhpw thZn-Ifpw D≠m-bXv k`m ]h¿-

Ø-\-ßsf sFI-y-Øns‚ ]mX-bn¬

sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ t]c-I-am-bn.

4. anj-\dn ]ÿm\w

Bflob DW¿∆p-]-ÿm-\-ß-fpw,

bph-P-\, hnZ-ym¿∞n Iq´m-bva-Ifpw

]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb Hcp ][m\ taJe

kphnti-j-h-Xv°-c -W-Ønt‚Xmbn -

cp-∂p. anj-\dn ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ k`m

hy-X-ymk-an-√msX kl-I-cn-°p-hm-\p-≈

skmssk-‰n-Iƒ cq]w sIm≠p. 1792˛¬

ÿm]n -X -amb _m]v‰nÃv anj-\dn

skmssk-‰nbpw, 1795˛¬ ÿm]n-X-amb

e≠≥ anj-Wdn skmssk-‰nbpw DZml-

c-W-ß-fm-Wv. CXn-t\mSv tN¿∂v kwbp-

‡-amb ss__nƒ ]cn- m-j, ss__nƒ

]Nm-cW ]≤-Xn-Ifpw cq]w-sIm-≠p.

Aß-s\-bmWv 1804˛¬ _nójv B‚ v

t^mdn≥ ss__nƒ skmssk‰n ÿm-

]n-X-am-b-Xv. CXp IqSmsX Gj-y-bn-

sebpw B^n-°-bn-se-bpw anj≥ ]h¿-

Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ anj-\-dn-am-cpsS

tZio-bhpw A¥¿tZ-io-b-hp-amb ktΩ-

f-\-ßƒ ssIkvXh sFI-y-Øns‚ Bh-

i-y-IX Du∂n-]d™p. CXns‚ hy-‡-

amb DZm-l-c-W-amWv 1910˛¬ FUn≥

_tdm-bn¬ IqSnb A¥¿t±-inb anj-

\dn tIm¨^≥kv.

5. Pohn-Xhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw(Life and Work)

H∂pw c≠pw temI alm-bp-≤-ßƒ

hcp-Øn-h® Zpcn-X-ß-fpsS \nhm-c-W-Øn-

\mbn ssIkvXh k`-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-

Ønb kwbp‡ I¿Ω-th-Zn-bm-Wn-Xv.

CXns‚ B-`n-ap-J-y-Øn¬ 1914 apX¬ \S-

Ønb A¥¿tZ-iob ktΩ-f-\-ßƒ,

ssIkvXh k -I-fpsS sFI-y-Øn-\mbn

Hcp ÿncw kwL-S\ D≠m-tI-≠-Xns‚

Bh-iyw Du∂n ]d-™p. Aß-s\-bmWv

1937˛¬ HmIvkvt^m¿Un¬ \S∂ Pohn-

Xhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw ktΩ-f\w AJn-

e-temI k`m Iu¨kn¬ cq]n-I-cn-°p-

hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

6. hni-zm-k-hpw k`m Iahpw(Faith and Order)

hni-zmkImc-y-ß-fmWv hn`-Pn-°p-

∂Xv. AXp-sIm≠v B hnjbw N¿®

sNtø≠ F∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ \n∂v, Xpd∂

a\t msS hni- zmkImcyw N¿®

sNbvXm¬ AXv kss`-I-y-Øn\v hgn-sX-

fn°pw F∂ \ne-]m-Sn-te°v k`-Iƒ

h∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn cq]w ]m]n®

]ÿm-\-amWv hni-zm-khpw k`m Iahpw

F∂-Xv. 1927 apX¬ Cu ]ÿm\w kPo-

h-am-Wv. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn-sems° k`-Iƒ

sFI-y-Øn-te°p hcp-hm\pw s]mXpth

kzo-Im-c-y-amb coXn-bn¬ hni-zmk Imc-y-

ßƒ ]p\¿h-ym-J-ym\w sNøp-hm\pw

CXns‚ B`n-ap -J-y -Øn¬ km[n-®n -

´p-≠v. 1948˛¬ AJne temI-k`m Iu -

kn¬ (World Council of Churches -W.C.C) cq]w ]m]n-®-t∏mƒ Pohn-Xhpw

]h¿-Ø-\hpw F∂ ]ÿm\w

XpStc≠ F∂v Xocp-am-\n-®p-sh-¶nepw

hni-zm-khpw k`m Iahpw Hcp ]tX-yI

kz-X¥ kwhn-[m-\-tØmsS Hcp IΩo-

j-\mbn XpS-cphm≥ Xs∂bmWv Xocp-

am-\n-®Xv. AXp-sIm≠v C∂v hni-zm-

khpw k`m-Iahpw F∂ IΩo-j-\n¬

ItØm-en°m k`-bpƒs∏sS temI-

Ønse an° k -Ifpw tN¿∂v ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂p.

98

7. AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn¬(World Council of Churches -W.C.C)

temI-Ønse hnhn[ ssIkvXh

kaq-l-ßƒ°v Hcp s]mXp kwL-S-\-bp-

≠m-IWw F∂ BZy \n¿t±iw 1920˛¬

Hcp Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-≤-y-£-\mWv

(F-I-yp -sa-\n -°¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kv)

apt∂m-´p-h-®-Xv. 1937˛¬ HmIvkvt^m¿-

Un¬ IqSnb Pohn-Xhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw

F∂ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ tIm¨^≥-

kmWv AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn¬

cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm-\p-≈ hy-‡-amb \S-]Sn

FSp-Ø-Xv. 1948˛¬ BwÃ¿Uman¬

(s\X¿e‚ v) h®mWv AJne temI

k`m Iu¨kn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

an° s]m -Ã‚ v k -Ifpw, ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpƒs∏-sS ]e Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-Ifpw AJne temI k`m

Iu¨kn-ens‚ ÿm]-ImwK-ß-fmWv.

kzn-‰vk¿e-≠nse P\o-h-bn-emWv AJne-

-temI k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚ Bÿm-

\hpw skI-´-dn -tb-‰pw. k`-I-fpsS

sFI-y-Øn\pw s]mXp-hmb km£y-

Øn\pw DX-Ip∂ hnjb-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-

hm\pw N¿® sNøp-hm\pw H∂n-®p-≈

I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw AJne temI k`m Iu¨-kn¬

i≤n-°p-∂p. AwK-k-`-I-fp -sS-ta¬

bmsXmcp Xocp-am-\hpw ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-

hm≥ k`m Iu¨kn-en\v A[n-Im-c

-an-√. tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k` k`m

Iu¨knen¬ AwK-X-z-sa-Sp-Øn-ń-s√-

¶nepw k`m Iu -kn-ep-ambn Nne taJ-

e-I-fnepw thZn-I-fnepw (D-Zm: tPmbn‚ v

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v, hni-zm-kw, k`m-Iaw,

IΩo-j≥ apX-em-b-h) kl-I-cn-°p-

∂p≠v. Bdp apX¬ F´p h¿jw hsc-

bp≈ CS-th-f-I-fn¬ hnhn[ cmP-y-ß

-fn¬ h®v \S-°p∂ BtKmf Akw-ªn-

Iƒ AJnetemI k`mIu¨kn-ens‚

Hcp henb ]h¿-Ø-\hpw BtKmf

ssIkvXh kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ henb

BtLm-j-hp-am-Wv.

8. t•m_¬ InkvX-y≥ t^mdw(Pn.-kn.-F- v)

AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-en-t\-

°mfpw hnim-e-amb ssIkvXh s]mXp-

th-Zn-bmWv 2007˛¬ Bcw-`n® t•m_¬

InkvX-y≥ t^mdw. AwK-X-z-]-c-ambpw

]h¿Ø-\-]-c-ambpw k`m Iu¨kn-en-

t\-°mƒ kz-X-¥-amb Hcp thZn-bmWv

Pn.-kn.-F- n-\p-≈-Xv. 2007 ¬ sI\n-b-bn¬

\S∂ BZy ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ItØm-

en°m, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv, s]m´-Ã‚ v

k`mw-K-ß-tfm-sSm∏w \nc-h[n \h ssI-

kvXh DW¿hv kaq-l-ß-fpsS ]Xn-\n-

[n-Ifpw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. AJn-e-temI k`m

Iu¨kn-ens‚ Adn-hnepw Btem-N-\-

bnepw IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-amb kl-I-

c-W-ta-J-e-Iƒ tXSn-bmWv t•m_¬

InkvX-y≥ t^mdw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.

9. FI-yp-sa\n°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ][m\ t\ -ßfpw

tIm -ßfpwa) t\´-ßƒ

1. BtKm-f-X-e-Ønepw, tZiob A¥¿

tZ-iob Xe-ß-fnepw ssIkvXh

kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw km£-y-Øn\pw

Ah-k-c-ßfpw thZn-Ifpw Hcp-°p-∂p.

2. hy-‡-amb kss`-I-y-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v

]X-y-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw klm-

bn-®p. (DZm: 1947 se kn.-F-kv.-sF-bp-

sSbpw (N¿®v Hm^v kuØv C¥-y)

1970 se kn.-F≥.-sF-bp-sSbpw (N¿®v

Hm^v t\m¿Øv C¥-y) cq]o-I-cWw

3. k`-Iƒ XΩn-¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ sX‰p-

≤m-c-W-Iƒ eLq-I-cn-°p-hm-t\m,

\o°p-hmt\m klm-bn-®p.

4. aX-ßƒ XΩnepw, ]X-yb-im-kvX-

ßƒ XΩnepw s]mXp-\-∑sb e£yw

99

h®v kl-I-c-W-Øns‚ taJ-e-Ifpw

kwhmZ thZn-Ifpw k÷o-I-cn-®p.

5. hni-zm-k-]-c-ambpw, ssh⁄m-\n-I-

ambpw kl-I-cW ImgvN-∏m-tSmsSbpw,

sFI-y-k-ao-]-\-tØm-sSbpw ]T-\-

ßfpw ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw km[-y-

am°n. (DZm. hni-zm-khpw k`mIahpw

IΩo-js‚ B`n-ap-J-y-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-

I-cn® hnhn[ ]T-\-ßƒ)

6. thZ-imkvX ]T\ taJ-e-bn-epw, AP-

]m-e-\-ta-J-e-bnepw \nc-h[n kwbp‡

kwcw- -ßfpw Ah-k-c-ßfpw krjvSn-

°-s∏-´p. (D-Zm: tIc-f-Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv˛am¿tØmΩ˛kn.-F-kv.sF

kÌfpsS kwbp‡ (FederatedFaculty for Research in Religion andCulture----FFRRC) ^m°¬‰n.

7) k`mw-K-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ kss -I-y-Nn¥

hf¿Øp∂ kwbp‡ ]m¿∞m-\m-h-

k-c-ßƒ D≠mbn (DZm: ItØm-en°m

k`bpw AJne temI k`m Iu¨-

knepw kwbp-‡-am-bn) F√m h¿jhpw

\S-Øp∂ kss`-I -y - ]m¿∞m-\ -

hmchpw, Y.M.CA, Y.W.C.AIfpsS

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]m¿∞-\m-hm-chpw

8) am\h sFI-y-Øn\pw ]m]-©nI ka-

K-Xbv°pw th≠n-bp-≈ BtKm-f-

kw-cw-`-ßƒ°v t\Xr-Xzw sImSp-°p-

hm≥ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn\v

Ign-bp-∂p.

b) tIm´-ßƒ

1. kl-I-cW taJ-e-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-

hm-\-√msX kss -Iy ia-ßƒ i‡n-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Imc-y-am-bn-s´m∂pw Ign-

bp-∂n-√.

2. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ kl-I-c-W-Øns‚

ad-hn¬ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ k`-I-fn¬

\n∂pw AP-tam-jWw \S-Øp-∂p.

3. hnizmk [m¿Ωn-IXm Imc-y-ß-fn¬

emLhXz kao-]\w ]N-cn-∏n-°p∂p

F∂ hna¿i\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

tNmZ-y-ßƒ1. "FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

][m\ kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥ms°?

2. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚

NcnX-]-c-amb ]›m-Ø-e-sØ-°p-dn®v

Hcp JWvUnI Fgp-XpI?

3. FI-yp -sa-\n -°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn\v

hnZym¿∞n- -bph-P\ kw`m-h-\-sb¥v?

4. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ kwcw- -ßƒ°v anj-

Wdn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\sb¥v?

5. AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚

][m\ ap≥Kman ""Pohn -Xhpw

]h¿Ø-\''hpw (Life and Work) BWv:

Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-I.

6. kss`-I-y-]-ÿm-\-Øn\v, ""hni-zm-

khpw k`m-Ia''hpw (Faith and Or-der) \¬Ip∂ kw`m-h-\-sb¥v?

7. AJn-e-temI k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚

]m[m-\-yhpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw eLp-

hmbn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°pI?

8. t•m_¬ InkvX-y≥ t^mdw F∂m¬

F¥v?

9. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚

][m\ t\´-ßfpw tIm´-ßfpw N¿®

sNøpI?

t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ1. AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚

Akw-ªn -Isf kw_-‘n®v Hcp

dnt∏m¿´pw hne-bn-cp-Øepw Xøm-dm-

°pI ˛ XpS¿∂p-≈ h¿j-ß-fnse

Akw-ªn-Ifpw tN¿Øv Cu dnt∏m¿´v

Hcp ^b-em°n kq£n-°p-I.

2. \yqkv t]∏-dp-I-fn-epw, Zri-y-am-≤-y-a-ß-

fnepw hcp∂ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ hm¿Ø-

Iƒ tN¿Øv Hcp h¿j-sØ-tbm,

Iptd h¿j-ß-fn-tetbm FI-yp-sa-\n-

°¬ Ubdn Xøm-dm-°p-I.

3. \nßƒ Pohn°p∂ kwÿm-\sØ/

cmPysØ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\

]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-∏‰n Hcp t]∏¿ Xøm-

dm-°p-I.

100

1. AJne temI k`mIu -kn-en-eqsS

B[p-\nI FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\-

Øns‚ XpS°w apX¬ Xs∂ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv ]¶m-fnØw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, `qcn-]£w ]¶m-fn-Ifpw s]m´-

Ã‚p-Im¿ Bb-Xn-\m¬ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬

]ÿm\w Hcp s]m´-Ã‚ v ]ÿm\-

ambn ]ecpw Icp-Xp-∂p. 1920˛¬ FI-ypsa-

\n-°¬ ]mXn-b¿°okv (IpkvX-¥o-t\m-

t∏m-eo-kv) k`-Iƒ°-b® Hcp NmInI

teJ\w Hcp eoKv Hm^v N¿®kv (k-`-I-

fpsS s]mXpkan-Xn) D≠m°p-hm≥

\n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw BbXv hnhn[ L -

ßfn-eqsS bmYm¿∞-y-am-Ibpw sNb-vX

XmWv AJnetemI k`mIu¨kn¬.

1920˛\v apºpXs∂ bphP\-ß-fp-sSbpw

hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw FIyp-sa-\n-°¬

ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-\n-[nI-fmbpw, t\Xm-

°-fmbpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv km∂n-≤yw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v 1907˛se

W.S.C.F (World Student's Christian Fed-eration) tSm°ntbm ktΩf-\-Øn¬ Hcp

Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv saXm-\m-bn-cp∂p

][m\ ]`m-j-I≥. AtX kwL-S-\-

bpsS 1911˛se CÃmw-_pƒ ktΩf\w

DZvLm-S\w sNb-XXv FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬

]mXn-b¿°okv Bbn-cp-∂p.

s^bvØv B‚ v Hm¿U-dns‚ P\oh

(1920) semkm≥ (1927) FUn≥_tdm

(1937) ktΩ-f-\-ßfnepw, sse^v B‚ v

h¿°ns‚ tÃm°vtlmw (1925), HIvkv-

t^m¿Uv (1937) ktΩ-f-\-ß-fnepw kPoh-

amb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv km∂n-≤yw D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. 1937˛se FUn≥_tdm s^bvØv

B‚ v Hm¿U¿ ktΩ-f\Øn¬ ae-¶c

k`m Xe-h≥ tamdm≥ am¿ _tk-en-

tbmkv Koh¿Kokv Zzn-Xo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS

t\Xr-X-z-Ønep≈ sUe-ntK-js‚ ]¶m-

fnØw A∂sØ temI-hm¿Ø Xs∂-

bm-bn-cp∂p.

AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚

]mcw- -h¿j-amb 1948 apX¬ F√m Akw-

ªn-I-fnepw ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`bpw a‰p Nne Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

Ifpw ÿm]-Imw-K-ß-fmbn ]s¶-Sp-°p-

∂p≠v. 1961 se \yq-U¬ln Akw-ªn-

bn¬ h®v dj-y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`bpw k`m Iu¨kn¬ AwK-X-z-sa-Sp-

Ø-tXmsS FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-

Øn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]¶m-fnØw

hfsc i‡hpw kPo-hhpw Bbn.

1948˛¬ BwÃ¿Um-an¬ ktΩ-fn®

BZy W.C.C Akw-ªn-bn¬ Xs∂ e≠-

\nse Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv B¿®v

_nj-∏m-bn-cp∂ sP¿am-t\mkv ]kn-U‚-

∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´p.

A∂v W.C.CbpsS h\nXm ]kn-U‚m-

bXpw `mK-y-h-im¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUm-

Ivkv k`mw-K-amb ankv kmdm Nmt°m-

bm-Wv. W.C.CbpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ an°-

hmdpw F√m Xh-W-I-fnepw A≤-y-£-cn¬

Hcmƒ Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IpSpw-

_-Ø¬ \n∂pw as‰m-cmƒ CtÃ¨

A≤ymbw \mev

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn¬Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw

101

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw

BIm-dp-≠v. A°q- -Øn¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`bpsS tUm. ]ueqkv am¿

KntKm-dn-tbmkpw W.C.CbpsS ]kn-

U‚m-bn-´p≠v (1983˛1991)

W.C.CbpsS Atkm-tj-y‰v P\-d¬

skI- dnbmbpw, Unhn-j≥ Hm v FIyp-

sa-\n-°¬ B£s‚ Ub-d-IvS¿ Bbpw

sk≥S¬ IΩ-‰n-bw-K-ambpw FIvkn-I-yq-

ńhv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-ambpw, s^bvØv B‚ v

Hm¿U¿ IΩo-j≥ AwK-ambpw tUm.

]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kv, Aflm-

b-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw sshZn-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-

tºmgpw ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX

W.C.CbpsS Ãm^n¬ ]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈

ae-¶-c-k- mwK-ß-fm-Wv. kn.-sF. Cń, m.

sI. kn tPmk-^v, ^m. tUm. sI. Fw.

tPm¿Pv apX-em-b-h¿. tUm. nen-t∏mkv

am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkpw ^m. tUm. sI.

Fw. tPm¿Ppw, tUm. F¬kn ^nen∏pw

sk≥S¬ IΩ-‰n-bn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n-

´p-≠v. s^bvØv B‚ v Hm¿U¿ IΩo-j-

\n¬ AwK-ß-fmbn ^m. tUm. hn. kn

iap-th¬, ^m. tUm. tPm¨kv G_-

lmw, ^m. tUm. t__n h¿Knkv F∂n-

h¿ ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. s^bvØv B‚ v

Hm¿U¿ IΩo-j≥ AwK-ambpw Ãm‚nwKv

IΩo -j≥ AwK-ambpw ^m. tUm.

tP°_v Ipc-y≥ ]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v.

2. t\cn- p-≈ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬Ub-tem-Kp-I-fn-eqsS

AJne temI k` Iu¨kn-en-eqsS-

b-√msX Xs∂ t\cn-´p-≈ FI-yp-sa-\n-

°¬ kwcw-`-ß-fnepw Hm¿ØtUmIvkv

k -Iƒ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Htc k`m IpSpw-

_-Øn¬s∏-´-h-cp-ambpw CXc Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`m IpSpw-_-Øn¬ s]´-h-cp-

ambpw ItØm-en°m k`-bp -ambpw

s]m´Ã‚ v k -I-fp-am-bpw t\cn´v FI-yp-

sa-\n-°¬ kwcw-`-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-

Xns‚ hnh-c-ßƒ CXp-t]m-ep-≈ Hcp

]Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn¬ HXp-ßp-I-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-

\m¬ ae¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ FI-yp-sa\n-°¬ Ub-

tem-Kp-Iƒ amXw ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-

°p∂p.

a) Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m

Xeh-∑m-cpsS ktΩ-f-\w, BUnkv

A_m_ 1965

Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m

Xe-h-∑m-cpsS BtKmf ktΩ-f\w NcnX-

Øn¬ BZ-y-ambn 1965 P\p-h-cn-bn¬

FtX-ym-]-y≥ NI-h¿Øn slbven kem-

kn-bpsS BXn-tY-b-X-z-Øn¬ BUnkv

A_m-_-bn¬ ktΩ-fn-®p. ]cn-ip≤

_tk-en-tbmkv HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-

en°m _mhm-bpsS t\Xr-X-z -Øn¬

Hcp∂XXe sUen-tK-j≥ ]kvXpX

ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]¶p-sIm-≠p. Hmdn-b‚¬

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-ƒ°v s]mXp-hmbn

Hcp k¨tU-kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn D≠m-

°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw BbXv \S-

∏n¬ hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

b) ae-¶c k`m Xe-h-∑mcpw ItØm-

en°m k`m Xe-h-∑mcpw XΩn-ep-≈

NcnX ][m-\-amb IqSn ImgvN

-Iƒ

1. 1964 Unkw-_¿ 3˛\v t_mwt_-bn¬

h®v t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpw

_tk-en -tbmkv HutK≥]-Y-a≥

ImtXm-en-°mbpw XΩn¬ IqSn-ImgvN

\S-Øn.

2. 1983 Pq¨ 3˛\v hØn-°m-\n¬ h®v

tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpw

_tk-en -tbmkv am¿tØmΩm

amXyqkv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m

_mhmbpw XΩn¬ IqSn-ImgvN \S-Øn.

102

3. 1985 s^_p-hcn 8˛\v tIm´-bØv h®v

tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpw

_tk-en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv

]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en-°mbpw XΩn¬

IqSn ImgvN \S-Øn.

c) Hmdn-b‚¬ ˛ CutÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv A\u-tZ-ym-KnI N¿®-Iƒ

^m. \nt°mkv \n n-tbm-ń-kpw,

^m. t]mƒ h¿Kokpw (tUm. ]ueqkv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kv) ap≥ssI-sø-SpØv

B-cw-`n® Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

CutÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ

XΩn-ep-≈ A\u-tZ-ym-KnI N¿®-Iƒ

sU≥am¿°nse B¿lq-knepw (1964),

Cw-•-≠nse _nÃ-enepw (1967), kzn‰v-

k¿e-≠nse P\o-h-bnepw (1970), FtXym-

]-y -bnse BUnkv A_m-_-bnepw

(1971) \S-∂p. InkvXp imkvX kw_-

‘ambn \ne-\n-¬°p∂ hy-X-ym-k-ßƒ

hym-J-ym\ coXn-I-fnse hy-X-ym-k-ß-

fmsW∂pw bmYm¿∞-Øn¬ c≠p

Iqćpw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv H∂p Xs∂-

sb∂pw A\u-tZ-ym-KnI Xe-Øn¬ [mc-

W-bm-bn.

d) Hmdn-b‚¬ ˛ CutÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv HutZ-ym-KnI kwbp‡

thZ-imkvX IΩo-j≥

Ccp hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw HutZ-ym-

Kn-I-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ kwbp‡

thZ-imkvX IΩo-j≥ 1988 apX¬

ktΩfn-°p-Ibpw 1990˛¬ P\o-h-bn¬

h®v ]c-kv]cw kzo-Im-c-y-amb InkvXp

imkvX kw_-‘-amb ]am-W-tcJ H∏v

h®v Xß-fpsS k`-I-fpsS HutZ-ym-KnI

AwKoIm-c-Øn-\mbn ka¿∏n-°pIbpw

sNbvXp. \n¿`m-K-y-h-im¬ ]n∂oSv C°m-

cy-Øn¬ Bim-h-l-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

D≠m-bn-√.

e) Hmdn -b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ˛

tdma≥ ItØm-en°m A\u-]-Nm-

cnI N¿®-Iƒ

s]mHm-dn-bs‚ F∂ ImtØm-en°m

kwL-S-\-bpsS B`n-ap-J-y-Øn¬ 1971

apX¬ Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

Ifpw tdma≥ ItØm-en°m k`-bp-ambn

InkvXp imkvX kw_-‘-amb A\u-

tZ-ym-KnI N¿®-Iƒ \S-∂p. HmkvSn-b-

bnse hnb-∂-bn¬ \S∂ N¿®-I-fn¬

InkvXp imkvX kw_-‘-ambn ]c-

kv]c kzo-Im-c-y-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hy-

‡-ambn h∂p. I¬°-tZm\y kp∂-l-

tZm-kn¬ Ccp hn`m-K-ß-fpsSbpw ]q¿∆n-

I¿ XΩn¬ InkvXp-im-kvX-kw-_-‘-

amb A`n-]mb hy-X-ym-k-ap-≠m-bXv IqSp-

Xepw mjm-]-c-amb Ah-y-‡-X-sIm≠pw

cmjvSo-b-amb hy-X-ykvX ]›m-Ø-e-

ßƒsIm-≠p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw bmYm¿-

∞-Øn¬ Bib]c-ambn Ccp-hn-`m-K-

Øns‚bpw ImgvN-∏mSv H∂pXs∂-bm-bn-

cp-∂p-sh∂pw [mc-W-bn-em-bn. Cu [mc-

W-bpsS HutZ-ym-KnIamb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

hfsc kmh-[m\w \S-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw

a‰p hnj-b-ß-fn-ep-≈ hy-X-ym-k-ßƒ

Ccphn`m-K-ßƒ XΩn¬ XpS-cp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p.

f) ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIkv ˛ tdma≥

ItØm-en°m kwbp‡ thZ-

imkvX IΩo-j≥

1983˛¬ tdman¬ h®v _tk-en-tbmkv

am¿tØm-Ω amX-yqkv ]Y-a\pw tPm¨

t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m-∏bpw XΩnep-≈

IqSn-Im-gvN-bn¬ [mc-W-bmb ]Imcw

Ccpk-`-Ifpw ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-

Øn\pw sFIy-Øn-\p-ambn kwbp‡

thZ-imkvX IΩo-js\ \nb-an-®p. 1989

apX¬ F√m-h¿jhpw \S-°p∂ N¿®-I-

fn¬ ]c-kv]c [mc-W-bpsS ]pXnb am\-

103

ßƒ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™n- p-≠v. tZio-

bhpw ]mtZ-in-Ihpw Bb FIyq-sa-\n-

°¬ Iu¨kn-ep-I-fn-eqsS: F≥.-kn.kn.

(\m-j-W¬ Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®-kv,

sI.-kn.-kn. (tI-cf Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v

N¿®kv apX-em-b-h-bn¬ ae-¶c HmØ-

tUmIvkv k` kPo-h-ambn ]h¿Øn-

°p∂p.

3. FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm\-Ønse Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

]¶mfnØw Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]ÿm-\-Ønse

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]¶m-fnØw aqew

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mc-º-c-y-Øn\pw CXc

]mc-º-c-y-ßƒ°pw ]e t\´-ßƒ D≠m-

bn-´p-≠v. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-fpsS

B[-ym-fln-I-X, Bcm-[-\m-ssh-in-jvT-yw,

thZ-im-kvX-]-c-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ apX-

em-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v CXc k`m ]mc-º-c-y-

ßƒ°v ]eXpw ]Tn-°p-hm\pw Dƒs°m-

≈p-hm\pw Ign-™n-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-

Øn\v, Bcm-[\m-]-cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ°v

CXc-k-`-Iƒ ian-°p-tºmƒ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv Bcm-[\m-I-a-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

]eXpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ i≤n-°p-∂p.

k`m ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ°pw,

k`m ]mc-º-c-y-Øn\pw hne I¬∏n-°p∂

]pXnb kao-]-\-ßƒ CXc k -Iƒ FSp-

°p-∂Xpw as‰m-cp-Øa kqN-\-bm-Wv.

AtX-k-abw, CXc k`-I-fpsS hni-zm-

km-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ ap≥hn-[n-Iƒ IqSmsX

]e \∑-Ifpw Is≠-Øp-hm-\p-≈ At\z-

jWw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ°v

IqSpX-em-bn-´p-≠mbn´p≠v. a\p-j-ys‚

A\-p-Zn\ PohnX bmYm¿∞-y-ß-tfmSv

Inbm-fl-I-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm\pw

CXc kaq-l-ß-fnepw ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-

]m-e\w i≤n-°p-hm-\pw, ss__nƒ ]T-

\-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yw IqSp-X¬ Xncn-®-dn-

hm-\pw, anj≥ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-ep≈ i≤

Ipdbm-Xn-cn-°m-\pw, CXc k`m ]mc-º-

c-y-ß-fp-am-bp-≈ FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ kl-I-

cWw IqSp-X-embn CS-bm-°p-∂p-sh-

∂Xpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkvkÌƒ kΩ-Xn-

t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. temI-sa-ºmSpw D≈

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -I-fnse Nne sshZn-

I¿°pw Bflm-b¿°pw D]cn ]T-\-

Øn\pw Kth-j-W-ßƒ°pw DZm-c-amb

kuI-c-y-ßƒ ItØm-en°m k`bpw

s]m´-Ã‚ v k`-Ifpw FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬

]ÿm-\-Øn-eqsS sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p∂p

F∂Xpw hnkva-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√.

tNmZ-y-ßƒ

1. AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn-en-eqsS,

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ FI-yp -

sa\n°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-

∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-ehpw Ncn-Xhpw

hnh-cn-°pI

2. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m ]mc-º-c-y-ßƒ

XΩn¬ \S-∂n-´p-≈ hni-zm-k-]-c-amb

N¿®-Iƒ GsXms°?

3. Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ItØm-

en°m k`m _‘-Øn¬ \S-∂n-´p-≈

N¿®, \S-]-Sn-Iƒ GsXms°?

4. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS

FI-yp-sa-\n-°¬ ]¶m-fn-Ø-sØ-°p-

dn®v ]tX-y-I-ambn D]-\-y-kn-°p-I.

5. FI-yp-sa\n°¬ ]ÿm-\-Øn-eqsS

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-fpsS kw`m-h-

\bpw t\´-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

104

a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw hnes∏´ kzØv Poh-

\m-Wv. Pohn-°p-hm\pw kzmX¥yw A\p-

`-hn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-Imiw P∑-kn-

≤hpw ASn-ÿm-\-]-chp-am-Wv. F√m

a\pjycpw kzX-¥-cmbn P\n-°p-∂p.

Ah¿°v Xpey Ah-Im -i -ßfpw

A¥ pw D≠v. F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw

A¿l-X-bmbn Icp-Xp∂ ASn-ÿm\

Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kzmX-¥y-ß-fp-amWv

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fmbn IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.

kaq-l-Øns‚ hf¿®bvs°m∏w cq]m-¥-

c-Øn\v hnt[-b-amb ]Ir-Xym-\p-k-cW

\nb-a-ß-fmWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fmbn

]cn-W-an-®-Xv. Zcn-Z-scbpw AK-Xn-I-

sfbpw NqjWw sNøp-Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc i_vZ-ap-

b¿Øp∂ KŸ-amWv hn. thZ-]p-kvX-Iw.

tbip-In-kvXp-Xs∂ CØcw Nqj-W-

ßƒs°Xn-sc i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jym-h-Im-i-kwc-

£Ww Hcp InkvXob ]am-Ww-X-s∂-

bm-Wv.

hy‡n-I-fpsS Poh\pw kzmX-¥y-

Øn\pw ka-Xz-Øn\pw A¥- n-\p-ap≈

A-h-Im-i-ß-sf a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

F∂p hnfn-°mw. ""a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

F∂m¬, Poh≥, kzmX¥yw kaXzw,

A¥ v F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n®v Hmtcm

a\p-jy\pw `c-W-L-S\ Dd-∏p-\-evIp∂

Ah-Im-i-ßƒ AYhm C¥y-bnse

tImS-Xn-Iƒ°v \S-∏m-°m-hp∂ A¥m-cm-

jvSm-I-cm-dp-I-fn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p∂

Ah-Im-i-ßƒ F∂m-Wv. 1986-˛se "a\p-

jym-h-Imi \nba'Øn¬ \n¿∆-Nn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

Poh\pw kzmX¥yØn-\p-≈, Bib-

hn\nabØn\p≈, \nbaØns‚ apºn¬

Xpey-X-bv°p≈ Ah-Imiw XpSßnb

]uc-Xz-cm-jvSob Ah-Im-i-ßfpw hnZym-

`ym-k-Øn-\p-≈, sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈,

`£-W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw XpS-ßnb

kmº-ØnI kmwkvIm-cnI Ah-Im-i-

ßfpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. CØcw Ah-

Im-i-ßƒ kwc-£n-®p-In-t´-≠Xv Hmtcm

]uc-t‚bpw Ah-Im-i-amWv.

NcnXw

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn\v

hfsc ]g-°-ap-≠v. a\p-jy\v P∑\m Nne

Ah-Im-i-ßƒ e`n-®n-´p-s≠-∂pw AXv

]IrXn ZØ-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ Hcp XXzw

kn≤m-¥-ambn ]N-cn-®Xv 17-˛Dw 18-˛Dw

\q‰m-≠p-I-fn-em-Wv. Cw•-≠nse tPm¨

cmPm-hns‚ Zp¿`-c-W-Øn\pw tkz—m-[n-

bqWn‰v Bdv

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

A≤ymbw H∂v

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS Bcw- hpw kz`m-hhpw

105

]-Xz-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cmbn ]uc-kzm-X¥yw

kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn -\p -th≠n 1615 -˛¬

Xømdm-°nb Ah-Im-i-]-X-amWv am·m

Im¿´m. ]uc-kzm-X¥yw kwc-£n-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ BZysØ ]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p

CXv. \mSp-hm-gn-Iƒ, ]ptcm-ln-X¿, ]`p-

°-∑m¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ kwc-

£n-°p∂Xn\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]t£m-`-am-

bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-]p-

cp-j-\mb cmPm-hns‚ tkz—m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-

s\-Xnsc Db¿∂ BZysØ sh√p-hnfn

F∂ \ne-bn¬ CXn\v Ncn-X-]-c-amb

]m[m\yw D≠v. Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb Cu

tcJ-bn¬ H∏p-sh-bv°m≥ cmPmhv \n¿_-

‘n-X-\mbn. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fmWv

amKv\m Im¿´bn-ep-≈-Xv. XpS¿∂p-≠mb

1628-˛se Zn s]‰oj≥ Hm^v ssd‰v,

1689˛se _n¬ Hm v ssd‰vkv F∂o tcJ-

Ifpw amKv\m Im¿´bpw tN¿∂-XmWv

_nójv `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS ss__nƒ.

_n -Wnse \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS ASn-Ø-

d-bmb kmam-\y-\n-b-a-ß-fnepw a\p-jym-

h-Im-i-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Spw. Chsb adn-I-S-

°m≥ cmPm-hnt\m ]m¿e-sa‚nt\m A[n-

Im-c-an-√.

XpS¿∂v Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-L-S\

Cu _n¬ Hm^v ssd‰vkv (Bill of Rights)Dƒs°m≠p sIm≠mWv ]ucm-h-Im-i-

ßƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ t`Z-K-Xn-

Iƒ ]mkm-°n-b-Xv. 1776-˛¬ Ata-cn-°≥

kzmX-¥y-]-Jym-]\w \S-∂-t∏mƒ a\p-

jym-h-Imiw \ntj-[n-°p∂ `c-W-Iq-

SsØ C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ P\-ßƒ°p≈

Ah-Im-isØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw F√m

a\p-jycpw ka-∑m-cm-sW∂pw A\ym-[o-

\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bmØ Ah-Im-i-

ßƒ D≈-h-cm-sW∂pw ]yJym-]n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. 1789-˛¬ kzmX-¥yw, ka-

Xzw, kmtlm-Z-cyw F∂o apZm-hm-Iy-ßƒ

Db¿Ønb ^©p-hn-πhw a\p-jym-h-Im-

i-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-Ønse ][m\ t]mcm -

am-Wv. c≠p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p aptº a\p-

jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ `c-W-L-S-\m-\n-b-a-

Øns‚ mK-am-°n-Øo¿°m≥ ]e cmjvS-

ßƒ°pw Ign-™p.

a\p-jys‚ NßeI-fn-√mØ kzm-

X¥y Nn¥-bmWv CØcw ]Jym-]-\-

ß-fpsS ]n∂n-ep-≈-Xv. c≠mw temI-

bp≤w Ah-km-\n-®-t∏mƒ a\p-jym-h-Im-

i-ß-tfm-Sp≈ BZ-c-hm-IWw kam-[m-\-

Øns‚ ASn-Ød F∂ Nn¥ temI-hym-

]-I-ambn D≠mbn. CXns‚ `mK-ambn

sFIy-cmjvS kwL-S-\-bpsS ][m\

e£y-ß-fmbn temI-k-am-[m-\hpw a\p-

jym-h-Imiw kwc-£-Whpw AwKo-I-cn-

°-s∏- p.

"a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ' F∂ t]cv

]Nm-c-Øn¬ h∂Xv sFIy-cm-jvS-k-`-

bpsS ]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-®-tXm-sS-bm-

Wv. 1948, Unkw-_¿ 10-˛\v ]mco-kn¬

tN¿∂ sFIy-cm-jvS-k-`-bpsS s]mXp-

k` (General Assembly) ]mkm°n

AwKo-I-cn-®-XmWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-

]-\w. (Universal Declaration of HumanRights). a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS B[n-Im-

cnI tcJ-bm-Wn-Xv. k¿∆-hn[ hn`m-Ko-b-

X-Iƒ°pw AXo-X-ambn a\p-jys‚

A¥ v Db¿Øn∏nSn-°m≥ t]cn∏n°p-

Ibpw hy‡n-ssh-injvSyw hne-a-Xn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-

]Jym-]-\w.

a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-ßƒ

a\p-jy\v e`n-t°≠ ASn-ÿm-\-]-

c-amb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-°msX t]mIp∂

Ah-ÿ-bmWv a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-

ambn IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. A`n - ]mb

kzmX¥yw, aX-kzm-X-¥yw, Xpey-]-cn-K-

W\ F∂nh e`n-°msX t]mIp∂ Ah-

ÿbpw a\p-jym-h-Im-ißfn-t∑-ep≈ IS-

106

∂p-I-b-‰-am-Wv. Icp-W eh-teiw t]mep-

an-√msX \S-°p∂ Iqc-amb imco-cnI

a¿±-\hpw aq∂mw apd-Ifpw am\-knI

]oU-\-ßfpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L\-

amWv. t]meokv a¿±-\w, tem°∏v acWw,

shSn-hbv]v XS-hp-Im-tcm-Sp≈ a\p-jy-Xz-

c-ln-X-amb s]cp-am‰w F∂n-hbpw a\p-

jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-am-Wv. Btcm-Kyw,

hnZym-`ym-kw, D]-Po-h-\-am¿§w, sXmgn¬

F∂n-ßs\ F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw a\p-

jy\v A¥- mbn Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-

Im-i-ap-≠v. Ch \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-ambnØo-cpw.

bYm-k-abw sshZy-k-lmbw sImSp-

°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, hnZym-`ym-k ÿm]-\-ß-

fn¬ h≥XpI hmßn \nb-a\w \S-ØpI,

bYm¿∞ tbmKy-X-bp-≈-h¿°v \nb-a\w

\ntj-[n-°p-I, kvXoI-sfbpw ]pcp-j-∑m-

scbpw Xpey-cmbn ImWm-Xn-cn-°p-I, a\p-

jys\ hnev°p-Itbm ASn-a-bmbn D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-Itbm sNøp-I, km[m-cW

PohnXw Zp -l-am-°n-Øo¿°p-I, kvXo-

Iƒ°p-t\-sc-bp≈ hnth-N-\-]-c-amb

s]cp-am-‰w, hy‡n-I-fpsS kzIm-cy-Po-hn-

X-Øn¬ A\m-h-iy-ambn CS-s]-SpI,

sSen-t^m¨ kw`m-jWw tNm¿ØpI

Ch-sb√mw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-ß-

fmWv. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jys‚ Poh-t\m,

kzmX¥yØnt\m ka-Xzm-h-Im-iØnt\m

A¥- nt\m `wKw D≠m-bm¬ a\p-jym-

h-Imi ewL-\-ambn IW-°m°pw.

Agn-aXn aqe-ap≈ a\p-jym-h-Imi

ewL-\-ßƒ hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. ]uc-∑m-

cpsS ]mY-anI Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-

®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb s]mXp-

apX¬ GXm\pw hy‡n-I-fpsS t]m°‰n-

se-Øp∂Xpw hy‡n-]-c-amb [\ kºm-

Z -\ -Øn\v `c -W-X-e-Øn¬ HØmi

sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xpw ISpØ a\p-jym-

h-Imi ewL-\-am-Wv.

a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-Øn-s\-Xn-

cmbn hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ \ne-]m-Sp-

IfmWv tImS-Xn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

a\pjym-h-Imi kwc-£Ww shdpw

]kvXm-h-\-I-fn¬ HXp-°m-hp-∂-X-√.

DNnX-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \oXn-]q¿∆w

\S-∏m-t°≠ taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv. CXp-

kw-_-‘n®v a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ _m[y-

X-sb-∏‰n hym]-I-amb Ah-t_m[w

A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

]m¿e-sa‚ v AwK-ßƒ°pw \ymbm-

[n-]-∑m¿°pw amX-a√ kaq-l-Øns‚

ka-kvX-hn- m-K-ßƒ°pw a\p-jym-h-Imi

kwc-£-W-sa∂ alm-b-⁄-Øn¬ ]¶m-

fn-I-fm-Ip-hm≥ _m[y-X-bp-≠v. AXn-\m¬

a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-ßƒs°-Xnsc

kaq-l-a-\x-km£n DW¿ØpI F∂-

XmWv ]uc-[¿Ωw. AXn\v Hcp-an®v

]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ \mw Xøm-dm-I-Ww.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ F∂m¬ F¥v?

2. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-]-›m-

Øew hni-Z-am-°p-I?

3. hnhn[ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-ßƒ

hne-bn-cp-ØpI?

4. Fßs\ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ kwc-

£n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw?

s]mP-IvSp-Iƒ

1. kao-]-]-tZ-iØv \S∂ GsX-¶nepw

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L-\-sØ-∏‰n ]Tn®v-

AXn\v F¥v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn®p F∂p

N¿® sNøp-I.

2. Ign™ Hcp BgvN-bnse ]X-ßƒ

]cn-tim-[n®v AXn¬ dnt∏m¿ v sNbvXn-

´p≈ a\p-jym-h-Im-iewL\-ßƒ

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

107

sFIy-cm-jvS-kw-L-S\Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-

bn¬ am\-h-cmin t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ G‰hpw

henb Zpc¥w c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-

am-bn-cp-∂p. G‰hpw Iqchpw ss]im-Nn-

I-hp-amb a\p-jy-°p-cp-Xn-Iƒ°pw ]oV-

\-ßƒ°p-amWv temIw km£yw hln-

®-Xv. 1940-˛¬ hn≥Ã¨ N¿®nepw dqkv-

sh¬‰pw A‰vem‚nIv kap-Z-Øn¬ \¶q-

c-a-Sn-®n-cp∂ Hcp bp≤-I-∏-en¬sh®v \S-

Ønb IqSn-°m-gvN-bpsS ê-am-bn-´mWv

]kn-≤-amb A‰vem‚nIv Nm¿´¿ cq]w-

sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°-≥ ]kn-U‚ v

dqkvsh¬‰ns‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ `mhn-

temIw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xv \mep auenI

kzmX-¥y-ß-fpsS aqi-bn-em-Wv.

(1) A`n-]mb kzmX¥yw

(2) aX-kzm-X¥yw

(3) Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN\w

(4) `b-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN\w

`mhn-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ Cu kzmX¥yw

A\p-`-hn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ bp≤-ò-jWn Hgn-

hm-°p-Ibpw kam-[m\w Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXns‚ ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn¬ am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h≥ c£-

bv°mbn Hcp ]pXnb temI-kw-L-S\

D≠m-I-W-sa∂ t_m[yw km¿∆-tZ-io-

b-X-e-Øn-ep-≠m-bn. Ata-cn-°≥ sFIy-

\m-Sp-Iƒ, tK‰v-_n- ≥, USSR, ssN\ apX-

emb h≥i-‡n-Iƒ AXn\p ap≥ssI

FSp-Øp. AXns‚ e-ambn km≥^m≥-

kn-t°m-bn¬ 50 cmjvS-ßƒ HØp-

tN¿∂p. 1945 HIvtSm-_¿ 24˛mw XobXn

Cu cmjvSßfpsS ]Xn -\n -[n -Iƒ

tN¿∂v sFIy-cm-jvS-kw-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-]-am-W-amb Nm¿ -dn¬ H∏p-sh-®p.

HIvtSm-_¿ 24 sFIy-cm-jvS-Zn-\-ambn

BN-cn-®p-t]m-∂p. temI-k-am-[m-\hpw

kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw Dd-∏m-°n-s°m≠v a\p-

jy-k-aq-l-Øn-\m-I-am\w ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw

sa®-s∏´ Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-chpw ssIh-cp-

ØpI F∂-XmWv sFIy-cmjvS-k- -bpsS

]Jym-]n-X-e-£yw. P\-ß-fpsS kzmX-

¥yw, Ah-Im-i-k-aXzw F∂n-hsb

Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm≠v cmjvS-ßƒ XΩn¬

kplr-Zv_‘w ]pe¿tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-

cy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-

tfmSpw auen-I-kzm-X-¥y-ß-tfmSpw BZ-

chv hf¿ØpI F∂p-≈Xv CXns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-]-am-W-am-Wv. kmº-Øn-Ihpw

kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-w a\p-jy-

Xz-]-c-hp-amb ]iv\-ßƒ ]c-kv]c kl-

I-c-W-tØmsS ]cn-l-cn-°pI F∂p-

≈Xpw s]mXp e£y-am-Wv. Cu e£y-

ßƒ km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ Hcp kncm-tI-µ-am-bmWv sFIy-

cm-jvS-kw-L-S\ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-

\m¬ sFIy-cm-jvS-k- sb a\p-jymh-Im-

iØns‚ ]m¿e-sa‚ v F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

a\pjymh-Imi ]Jym-]\w

auen-I-a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ°pw

kzmX-¥y-ßƒ°pw km¿∆-Xn-I-amb

AwKo-Im-chpw ÿnc-]-Xn-jvTbpw e`n-°-

A≤ymbw c≠v

ASn-ÿm-\-a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ:`c-W-L-S-\-bn¬

108

W-sa-¶n¬ km¿∆-eu-InI a\p-jym-h-Im-

i-]-Jym-]\w \S-Ø-W-sa∂v sFIy-cm-

jvS-kw-L-S\ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Cu kwL-

S-\-bpsS ][m-\-L-S-I-amb kmº-ØnI

kmaq-lnI kanXnbmWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-

ßƒ kw_-‘n® Imcy-ßƒ ssI-Imcyw

sNøp-∂-Xv. 1948 Unkw-_¿ 10-˛-\mWv

sFIy-cmjvS kwL-S\ AwKo-I-cn® a\p-

jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-]\w \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

Unkw-_¿ 10- \v a\p-jym-h-Im-i-Zn-\-ambn

BN-cn-°p-∂p.

a\p-jym-h-Im-isØ kw_-‘n®

Cu Ncn-X-]-[m-\-amb hnfw-_-c-Øn¬

ap∏-tXmfw hIp-∏p-Iƒ D≠v. Poh\pw

kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\p-

ap≈ Ah-Im-iw, ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬\n-∂p≈

]q¿Æ-amb tamN-\w, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-

kn-I-hp-amb ]oV-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈

kwc£-Ww, \nb-a -Øns‚ apºn¬

XpeyX F∂n-h-sb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

\ymb-]q¿Æ-ambn hnNm-c-W-tIm-SXn

Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°p-∂Xphsc \nc-]-cm-[n-

bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw

IqSmsX A`n-]m-b-kzm-X-¥yw, hnizm-k-

kzm-X-¥yw, k©m-c-kzm-X¥yw F∂n-

ß-s\-bp≈ auen-I-amb a\p-jym-h-Im-

i-ßfpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-SWw. kaq-l-

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-amWv IpSpw-_w.

AXn-\m¬ IpSpw-_-Øn\v kaqlØn-

s‚bpw cmjvS-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-c£ e`n-

°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. hnZym-`ym-kw,

IpSpw-_m-tcm-Kyw, IpSpw-_-t£aw F∂n-

hbv°pw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-]-\-Øn¬

Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu kzmX-

¥yhpw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-

Xn-\p-th≠n Hcp A¥¿t±-iob kmaq-

lnI-I-a-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-Xbpw ]Jym-

]-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-]-\-Øn\p

]pdta A¥¿t±-iob Xe-Øn¬ DS-º-Sn-

Iƒ D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. C‚¿\m-j-W¬

Ih-\‚ v Hm¨ knhn¬ B‚ v s]mfn-‰n-

°¬ ssd‰vkv, C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Ih-\‚ v

Hm¨ F°-tWm-anIvkv, tkmjy¬ B‚ v

Iƒ®d¬ ssd‰vkv F∂o DS-º-Sn-Ifpw

1966˛¬ sFIy-cm-jvS-k` AwKo-I-cn-®n-

´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ch-sb-√mw-Xs∂ a\p-jym-

h-Im-i-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb hy‡n-

Xz-hn-I-k-\-Øn\pw kaq-l-Øns‚ k¿∆-

tXm-∑p-J-amb A`yp-∂Xn e£y-am°n-

bp≈ kzmX-¥y-ßƒ°pw Du∂¬

\evIp-∂p.

Cu ]Jym-]-\hpw DS-º-Sn-Ifpw A\p-

k-cn-®p≈ Ah-Im-i-kzm-X-¥y-ßƒ \S-

∏n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ AXmXv cmPy-ß-fn¬

Ah-cp-tS-Xmb \nbaw \S∏nem-°n-bn-cn-

°-Ww.

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\

C¥ysb Hcp ]c-am-[n-Imc tkmjy-

enÃv atX-X-c, P\m-[n-]-Xy-dn-∏-ªn-°mbn

sIń-∏-Sp-°p-Ibpw F√m ]uc-∑m¿°pw

ka-Xzhpw \oXnbpw kzmX-¥yhpw e`n-

°p-Ibpw kmtlm-Zcyw hf¿Øp-I-bp-

amWv e£y-sa∂vv c-W-L-S-\-bpsS Bap-

J-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Poh≥,

kzmX-¥yw, ka-Xzw, A¥ v F∂n-h-

bp-ambn _‘s∏´ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ

`c-W-L-S-\-bpsS aq∂mw `mK-Øn¬

auenI Ah-Im-i-ß-fmbn tN¿Øn- p-≠v.

A`n-]mb kzmX¥yw, k©m-c-kzm-

X¥yw, kwL-S-\m-kzm-X-¥yw, \nb-a-

Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬ ka-Xzw, \nb-a-Øns‚

Xpey-amb kwc-£-Ww, aX-hn-izm-k-Øn-

\p≈ kzmX-¥yw, kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw

hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-hp-amb kzmX-¥y-ßƒ

XpS-ßnb ASn-ÿm-\-kzm-X-¥y-ßƒ

AS-ßn-b-XmWv auenI Ah-Im-i-

ßƒ.

`c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 21-˛mw A\p-tO-Z-

Øn¬, Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw

hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. Hcp ]uc\pw Ahs‚

109

Poht\m hy‡n-kzm-X-¥ytam \nb-a-

Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-an-√msX \ntj-[n-°-cpXv

F∂v hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. a\p-jym-h-Im-

i-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-]-am-W-ambn c-W-

L-S-\-bpsS 21-˛mw A\p-t—-ZsØ IW-

°m-°mw. A¥- mbn Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈

Ah-Im-i-amWv CXv Dd-∏p-\-evIp-∂-Xv.

Hmtcm hy‡n°pw a\p-jy-Pohn

F∂ \ne-bn¬ Nne Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v

A¿l-X-bp-≠v. CØcw Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\v GsX-¶nepw Hcp

`qcn-]-£-Øn-s‚tbm \yq\-]-£-Øn-

s‚tbm lnXsØ Bi-bn-t°-≠-Xn√

F∂p≈ ASn-ÿm\]am-W-amWv c-W-

L-S\ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ `c-W-

L-S\ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-bn- p≈ auenI Ah-

Im-i-ßƒ hymJym-\n-°p-tºmgpw Ah-

bpsS hym]vXn \n¿Æ-bn-°p-tºmgpw

A¥m-cm-jvS-a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-]-\-

Øn-s‚bpw DSºSn-I-fp-sSbpw Bfl-

kØ IW-°n-se-Sp-°m-dp-≠v.

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ Dd-∏p-\-evIp∂

auenI Ah-Im-i-ßfpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-

ßfpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. CXn\v Ah-

Im-i-t_m-[hpw \nXm¥ PmK-X-bp-ap≈

kaqlw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-kw-c-£W\nbaw

auenI Ah-Im-i-ßƒ [zwkn-°-s∏-

´m¬ sslt°m-S-Xn-I-sfbpw kp]ow-tIm-

S-Xn-I-sfbpw kao]n®v ]cn-lm-c-am¿§-

ßƒ t\Sm-sa-¶nepw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-

L-\-ßƒ Zn\w-]Xn h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂

C∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu Ah-Im-

i-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v Hcp ]tXy-

I-kw-hn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xmbn

h∂p. Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw BI-a-ßfpw

s]cp-Ip-∂p. Iqchpw a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-Xhpw

A]-am-\-I-c-hp-amb ]oV-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂v

F√m a\p-jy-scbpw Hcp-t]mse kwc-

£n-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jymhImi-ßƒ

amXw ssIIm-cyw-sN-øm≥ A[n-Im-c-ap≈

Hcp ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX F√m-

h¿°pw t_m[y-s∏-´p. C°m-cy-Øn¬

C¥y-bpsS Hcp kp]-[m\ Im¬sh-

∏mWv a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-£-W-\n-b-aw.

1993 sk]vXw-_¿ 28-˛\v a\p-jym-h-Imi

kwc-£-W-\n-baw ]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂p.

a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩo-j-\p-Iƒ

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-kw-c-£-W-Øns‚

ASn -ÿm-\Øn¬ a\p -jym -h -Imi

kwc£-W-Øn\pw _‘-s∏´ hnj-b-

ßƒ°pw-th≠n tZiob a\p-jym-h-Imi

IΩo-j≥, kwÿm\ a\p-jym-h-Imi

IΩo-j≥ a\p-jym-h-Imi tImS-Xn-Iƒ

F∂nh \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

tZiob a\pjymhIm-i-I-Ωo-j≥

tZiob a\p-jym-h-Im-i-I-Ωo-js‚

cq]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-∂Xv tIµ-K-h¨-

sa‚m-Wv. tZiob IΩo-j≥ sNb¿am≥

C¥y≥ No v PÃnkv ]Zhn hln-®ncp∂

Bƒ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. sNb¿am\v ]pdta

a‰v \mev AwK-ßƒIqsS IΩn-j-\n¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. tZiob IΩo-js‚ ][m\

Imcym-ebw U¬ln-bn-em-Wv.

A[n-Im-c-ß-fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

1. a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-ß-sf-∏-‰n-

bp≈ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ At\z-jn-

°pI, Bh-iy-amb tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-

[n-°p-I, s]mXp-tc-J-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp -I, CX-c-tIm-S-Xn-I-fn¬\nt∂m

Hmô-kp-I-fn¬\nt∂m samgn FSp-

°pI, t\cn´v At\z-jWw \S-Øp-I.

2. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ew-L\w kw_-‘n®

tImSXn \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ I£n tNcp-I.

110

3. Pbn-ep-Iƒ, kwc-£-Wm-e-b-ßƒ,

]p\-c-[n-hm-k-tI-µ-ßƒ, NnIn-’m-e-

b-ßƒ apX-em-bh kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw

Ahn-S-ß-fnse At¥-hm-kn-I-fpsS

t£aw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

4. `c-W-L-S-\m-]-chpw \nb-a-]-c-hp-ambn

\ne-hn-ep≈ a\p-jym-h-Imi c£m-

kw-hn-[-m\-ß-fpsS \n¿∆-l-Whpw

ê-]m-]vXnbpw hne-bn-cpØn bp‡-

amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-I.

5. a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-ßƒ, AXn-

I-a-ßƒ, òI-c-]-h¿Ø\-ßƒ apX-

em-bh kw_-‘n®v \nco -£Ww

\SØn ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-I.

6. a\p-jym-h-Imiw kw_-‘n® A¥¿-

t±-iob Icm-dp-Iƒ ]Jym-]-\-ßƒ

apX-em-bh hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ]mtbm-

-KnI \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-°pI.

7. a\p-jym-h-Imiw kw_-‘n® Kth-

jW-]-T-\-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp -°p-Ibpw

t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

kwÿm\ a\pjymhImiIΩo-j≥

Hmtcm kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw kwÿm\

a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩnj≥ ]h¿Øn-°p-

∂p≠v. Kh¿W¿ BWv kwÿm\ a\p-

jym-h-Imi IΩo-js\ \nb-an-°p-∂-Xv.

sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ No^v PÃnkv ]Zhn

hln-®n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cn-°Ww kwÿm\

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-I-Ωo-js‚ sNb¿am≥.

tIc-f-Ønse IΩo-j\v sNb¿ams\

IqSmsX \ne-hn¬ c≠v AwK-ßƒ IqSn-

bp-≠v.

A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-IfpwtZiob a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩo-js‚

AtX A[n -Im -c -ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv

kwÿm\ IΩo-j-\p-≈-Xv.

a\p-jym-h-Imi [zwk-\-ßƒ \S-°p-

tºmƒ Ah-sb-∏‰n At\z-jn-®v a\p-jym-

h-Imiw ewLn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn t_m[y-s∏-

´m¬ \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \evIp-∂-Xn-\mbn

IΩo-j\v `c-W-Iq-S-tØmSv ip]m¿i-

sNømw. hnZym- ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ, Bip-

]-Xn-Iƒ, tPmen-ÿ-e-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-

bn-sems° \S-°p∂ a\p-jymhImi-

ewL-\-ßsf ]cn-tim-[n®v At\z-jWw

\S-Øm≥ IΩo-j\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

a\p-jym-h-Imi tImS-Xn-Iƒa\p-jym-h-Im-ißƒs°-Xn-cmb Ip‰-

Ir-Xy-ßƒ thKØn¬ hnNm-cW sNbvXv

Xo¿∏p Iev]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]tXyI

tImS-Xn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂v \nb-a-

Øn¬ hyhÿ sNbvXn- p-≠v. Hmtcm Pn√-

bnepw B Pn√-bnse skj≥kv tImS-

Xnsb ]tXyI tImS-Xn-bm-°mw. AXn\v

k¿°m-cns‚ hn⁄m-]\w thWw. ssl-

t°m-SXn No^v PÃn-kns‚ kΩ-Xhpw

Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]tXyI tImS-Xn-bn¬

tIkv hmZn-°p∂Xn\p-th≠n ]ªnIv

t]mkn-Iyq- -sdbpw \nb-an-°mw. CØcw

]tXyI tImS-Xn-Iƒ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-

tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ F∂mWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ1. sFIy-cm-jvS-kw-L-S-\-bpsS e£y-

ßƒ hnh-cn-°pI?

2. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-Jym-]\whn-i-Z-am-

°pI?

3. a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-£-W-\n-baw

hni-Z-am-°pI?

4. hnhn[ a\p-jym-h-Imi IΩo-j-\p-Iƒ

GsX√mw? Ah-bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßfpw

Npa-X-e-Ifpw hnh-cn-°p-I.

5. a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-£-W-Øn\v

`cW-L-S-\bpw a‰p \nb-a-ßfpw

Fßs\ \S-∏m-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw.

N¿® sNøp-I.

6. ASpØ a\p-jym-h-ImiZn\-Øn¬ a\p-

jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-∏‰n t_m[-h-XvI-

cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp

t]mKmw Xøm-dm-°p-I.

111

Poh≥ ssZho-I-Zm-\-am-Wv. Pohs‚

Imh¬°m-cmWv a\p-jy¿. F∂m¬

krjvSn-bpsS aIp-S-amb a\p-jy-Po-hs‚

aqeyw a\p-jy≥ ad-∂p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

AI-a-ßƒ, bp≤-ßƒ, sIme-]m-X-I-

ßƒ, A]-I-S-ßƒ XpSßnbh-aqew

FX-sbX Poh-\mWv Zn\w-]Xn s]men-

™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AtXm-sSm∏w

K¿`-—nZw, `qW-lXy F∂nh hgn

FXtbm Ip™p-Po-h-\mWv Znh-khpw

\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Poh≥ ]cn-c-£n-t°-

≠Xv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-am-Wv. H∏w PohnX

hnip≤n ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm\pw \ap°v

Ign-b-Ww.

hnhmlw F∂ ]cn-ip-≤-amb IqZm-

i-bn-eqsS H∂m-Ip∂ kvXobpw ]pcp-

j\pw tN¿∂v cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv IpSpw-

_w. k`-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw

G‰hpw sNdnb ]Xn-∏mWv IpSpw-_w.

ssZhn-I-ambn hnhm-l-Iq-Zm-i-bn-eqsS

tbmPn-∏n-°p∂ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Zm\-ambn

e`n -°p∂ ssZhoI ku`m-Ky-amWv

a°ƒ. ssZh-amWv Ah¿°v Poh≥

\evIp-∂-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ssZh-

Øns‚ krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp∂p

F∂p-am-Xw. qan-bn¬ Dcp-hm-Ip∂ F√m

a\p-jycpw ssZh-Øns‚ aIt\m aItfm

B-Wv. ssZh-Ir -] -bn -emWv Hmtcm

Ip™pw hf-tc-≠-Xv. AXn-\m¬ P\n-∏n-

°p∂ Pohs\ hf¿Øp-hm\pw kwc-£n-

°p-hm\pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Xz-ap-≠v.

`qW-lXy (Feticide)Bflmhpw ico-c-hp-ambn AΩ-bpsS

K¿`-]m-X-Øn¬ hf-cp∂ Ip™ns\

`qWm-h-ÿ-bn¬ hnZKv≤ ]cn-tim-[-\-

bn -eqsS enwK -\n¿Wbw \SØn

a\x]q¿∆w AXns\ \in-∏n-°p∂ \oN-

I¿Ω-amWv `qW-l-Xy. AΩ-bpsS icoc-

Øn¬\n∂pw c‡hpw £-Whpw kzoI-

cn®v K¿`-]m-X-Øn¬ hf-cp∂ Ip™n\v

a\p-jy-k-l-P-amb hnIm-c-ßfpw hnNm-c-

ßfpw Ds≠∂v imkvXw sXfn-bn-®n-´p-

≠v. ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°v hf-cp∂ a\p-jy-

hy-‡n-X-s∂-bmWv K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈

`qWw. CtX `qWsØ AΩ-bpsS K¿`-

]m-X-Øn¬h-®p-Xs∂ sIm√p-∂Xv ]Ir-

Xn°pw Cuiz-c-\p-sa-Xn-sc-bp≈ sImSpw

]mX-I-am-Wv. Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ip™ns‚

Ah-Im-i-sØ-bmWv t_m[-]q¿∆w

\ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xv.

]hn-X-amb `qWsØ K¿`-]m-X-

Øn¬ h®v C©n-©mbn sIm∂v [mcmfw

]Xnêw ]‰p∂ tUmIvS¿am-cpw. Bip-

]-Xn-Ifpw C∂ns‚ im]-am-Wv. s]¨`q-

WsØ sIme-°-Øn°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥

a\x-km-£n-bn-√mØ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS

FÆhpw Gdn-h-cp-∂p. s]Ïp™p P\n-

®p-I-gn-™m¬ AXns\ hnhn[ Xc-Øn¬

sIm√m≥ ian-°p-∂-h-cpsS Iqc-Xbpw

sRń-°p∂ kw`-h-ß-fm-Wv. kpJhpw

kzm¿∞-Xbpw tXSp∂ C∂sØ Xe-

apd CØcw A\o-Xn-Iƒ°v Iq´p-\n-ev°p-

I-bm-Wv. "AtΩ' F∂v Ic-bm≥t]mepw

A≤ymbw aq∂v

a\p-jym-h-Im-ihpw hne-s∏´ a\p-jy-Po-h\pw

112

Ah-kcw \evImsX K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn-emb

Pohs\ \in∏n°p-∂Xv sIme-]m-XIw

Xs∂-bm-Wv.

s]Ïpń IpSpw-_-Øn\v kmº-

ØnI _m≤y-X-bm-sW∂ [mc-Wbpw

kvXo[\w hnhm-l-s®-e-hp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb

_m[y-X-Ifpw s]¨`q-W-l-Xybv°v Imc-

W-am-Ip-∂p. K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn¬ enwK-

\n¿Wbw \S-Øp-∂Xv \nb-a-]-c-ambn

in£m¿l-am-Wv. F¶nepw \nc-h[n

Bip-]-Xn-Ifpw kvIm\nMv tIµ-ßfpw

]Ww CuSm°n \nb-a-Øns‚ ]gp-Xp-I-

fn -eqsS enwK-\n¿Wbw \S-Øp-∂p.

a\pjys‚ Pohn-X-kp-J-tØmSpw ]W-

tØmSpw BVw-_-c -tØm-Sp -ap≈

AXym¿Øn-bmWv CXn-s\√mw t]c-W.

K¿`-—nZw (Abortion)K¿`-—nZw F∂Xv K¿`m-h-ÿ-bn-

ep≈ Ip™ns\ \in-∏n-°p∂Xm-Wv.

CXv kzta-[-bmtbm a\x-]q¿∆-amtbm

BImw. AΩ-bpsS K¿`-]m-X-Øn¬ hf-

cp∂ Ip™ns\ a\x-]q¿∆w \in-∏n-°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv `qW-l-Xy-t]m-se-

Xs∂ in£m¿l-am-Wv. aXn-bmb hf¿®-

bn-√m-sXtbm a‰p imco-cn-I-amb Akp-

J-ßƒsImt≠m Nne-t∏mƒ kzbta

`qWw \jvS-s∏-´p-]-Im-dp-≠v.

Ahn-hm-ln-X-_-‘w, _em-’wKw

F∂n-h-bn-eqsS K¿`w D≠m-bmtem

AXp-t]mse K¿`n-Wn-bpsS Poh≥ A]-

I-S-Øn-em-Ip-sa∂ kml-cy-Øntem

Ip™n\v _p≤n-am-µytam AwKssh-I-

eytam Ds≠∂p I≠mtem \nb-a-]-c-

ambn K¿`-—n-Zw \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ CØcw kml-N-cy-ßsf Zpcp-

]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√.

amc-I-amb K¿`-—n-Z-ap-d-Iƒ \S-Øp-

tºmƒ K¿ -]m-X-Øn\v Kpcp-X-c-amb apdn-

th-ev°p-Ibpw `mhn-bn¬ \Sp-th-Z-\bpw

c‡-kmhhpw D≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-

bp-≠v. IqSmsX \ncm-i, Ip‰-t_m-[w, Ch

h¿≤n®v am\-kn-I-tcm-K-ambn amdp-∂p.

hni-∏v, Dd°w F∂nh \jvS-s∏´ Bbn-

c-°-W-°n\v kvXoIƒ \nXy-tcm-Kn-I-

fmbn amdp-∂p. Xm≥sIm∂ Ip™ns‚

]nS-®nepw Ic-®nepw acn-°pw-hsc AΩ-

bpsS a\-km-£nsb apdn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°pw. A-Xn\m¬ K¿`-Øn¬ Dcp-hm-

Ip∂ Pohs\ kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv \ΩpsS

IS-abmWv. kvt\l-am-Wv.

k¶o 127:3 a°ƒ btlmh \evIp∂

Ah-Im-ihpw DZ-c-êw Ah≥ Xcp∂

]Xn-^-ehpw Xs∂.''

a°ƒ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-amsW∂v

hn.-th-Z-]p-kvXIw km£n-°p-∂p. ssZhw

Zm\-ambn X∂ a°sf ssZho-I-cmbn

hf¿Øp-hm≥ aXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v IS-a-bp-

≠v. AXn\v a°ƒ `mcym-˛-`¿Øy _‘-

Øn¬ \n∂p-f -hmb Dev]∂amtbm

hwim-hen \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ IÆn-

bmtbm amXw ImWmsX krjvSn -

I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am -

sW∂ t_m[yw D≠m-I-Ww. Pohs\

kwc-£n-t°≠ \mw Hcn-°epw Pohs‚

sIme-bm-fn-bm-Im≥ ]mSn-√. P\n-°m≥

A¿lX t\Sn ssZhw krjvSn®

`qWsØ \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv sIme-]m-XIw

Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ip™ns‚ hf¿®sb \in-

∏n-°p∂ CØcw lo\-I¿Ω-ßsf Hcp-

X-c-Ønepw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-

bn-√.

ssZho-I-ambn e`n® Ip™p-ßsf

Poh≥ \jvS-s∏-Sp-ØmsX DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-

tØmsS ]cn-]m-en-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Ir-]-

bn¬ hf¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-b-Ww. Poh≥

\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]h-W-X-Isf i‡-

ambn ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-hm\pw A\o-Xnbpw

Akm-∑m¿§n-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn¬-

\n∂pw Hgn-™n-cn-°p-hm\pw ]tXyIw

113

i≤n-°-Ww. InkvXo-b-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-

∂-h¿ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb CØcw lo\-

I¿Ω-ßƒ°v t\XrXzw \evIp-Itbm

t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. AXn-

\m¬ a\p-jy-Po-hs\ AXns‚ D¤-h-

Øns‚ BZy-w ap-X¬ AXo-h-i-≤-

tbmsS kwc-£n-°-Ww.

Poh≥ ]cn-t]m-j-W-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ

(Pro-life Movement)Pohs\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂ hnhn[

]ÿm-\ -ß-fmWv t]msse^v

aqhvsa‚ vkv. Poh≥ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ t_m[\w, ]cn-

io-e\w, Iu¨kn-en-Mv, am¿K-\n¿t±-iw

F∂nh e`y-am-°n-bmWv t]m sse^v

]h¿Ø-\-ß¬ hym]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. K¿`-

—nZw, `qW-l-Xy, _me-the, kvXo]o-

V\w XpS-ßnb Po¿Æn® kwkvIm-c-

ßsf kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂pw XpS-®p-\o-°p-

∂-Xn\v Cu ]ÿm-\-ßƒ henb ]¶p

hln-°p-∂p-≠v. t]m sse^v F∂m¬

Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ \nb-a-]-c-amb auenI

Ah-Im-isØ kwc-£n-°pI F∂mWv

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-sØbpw Poh-

s\bpw XI¿°p∂ F√m kº-Zm-b-ß-

sfbpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn t\cn-Sp-hm≥ CXv

t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

InkvXob k`-Iƒ Poh≥ kwc-£n-

°p∂ ]ÿm-\-ß-fmbn amdWw. Poh≥

\in-∏n-°p∂ "acW' kwkvIm-c--Øn¬-

\n∂pw Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øp∂ kar-≤n-

bmb Poh-\n-te-°p≈ InkvXp-hn-te°v

\ap°p hf-cmw. Poh≥ \evIp-∂Xv ssZh-

am-Wv. Poh≥ \evIm≥ Ign-bmØ \ap°v

Pohs\ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-an-√.

\ap°v Pohs\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-h-cm-Imw.

Pohs\ kwc-£n-°p∂h-cm-bn-Øo-cmw...

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ1. Ip™p-ß-tfm-Sp≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°-

fpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw F¥v?

2. K¿`-—n-Zw, `qW-lXy Ch hni-Z-am-

°pI?

3. F¥p-sIm≠v s]¨`q-W-l-Xy-Iƒ

h¿≤n-°p∂p Chsb Fßs\ ]Xn-

tcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw?

4. t]m -sse v aqhvsa‚ v F∂m¬ F¥v?

5. "kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohs‚ kwc-£Ww'

F∂ hnj-bsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n Hcp

skan-\m¿ kwLSn∏n-°p-I.

6. K¿`-—n-Z-Øns‚ Zqjy-h-i-ßƒ hni-

Z-am-°p∂ D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°n Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°pI.

7. K¿`n-Wn-I-fmb AΩ-am¿°pw K¿`ÿ

inip-hn\pw th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥

Hcp ]m¿∞\ Xøm-dm-°p-I.

114

Ah-Im-i-ßfpw I¿Ø-hy-ßfpw Hcp

\mW-b-Øns‚ c≠p hi-ß-fm-Wv.

FhnsS Ah-Im-i-apt≠m AhnsS I¿Ø-

hy-ß-fp-ap-≠v. AXn-\m¬ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw

kzmX-¥y-ßfpw t]mse-Xs∂ Xpey-]m-

[m\yw I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ°pw D≠v. Ah-

Imi-ß-fpsS ]cn-an-Xnbpw IS-a-I-fpsS

DØc-hm-Zn -Xzhpw ad-°-cp-Xv. Hmtcm

hy‡n°pw kaq-l-tØmSv Nne IS-∏m-Sp-

Iƒ D≠v. s]mXp-\-∑-bv°p-th≠n \ymb-

bp-‡-amb \nb-¥-W-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw Ah ]men-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-

tºmƒ amX-amWv hy‡n kzmX¥yw

A¿∞-h-Øm-Ip-∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚

[m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw s]mXp-hmb t£a-hpw

s]mXp-k-am-[m-\-I-ahpw ]e-t∏mgpw

hy‡n kzmX-¥y-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-

SmsX hcmw. AXn-\m¬ A\y-cpsS

kzmX-¥yhpw Ah-Im-ihpw kw£n-°-

s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ hy‡n kzmX-¥y-Øn\v

Nne ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ IqSntb Xocp. kaq-l-

Øns‚ `Z-Xsb _m[n-°-Ø-°-hÆw

hy‡n-kzm-X¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Ø-

cp-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb \∑bpw

hy‡n-kzm-X-¥yhpw XΩn¬ ka-\z-bn-

∏n-°msX Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy kaq-l-Øn\v

\ne-\n-ev°m-\m-hn-√. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jym-

h-Im-i-ßƒ°pw \ymb-amb \nb-¥-W-

ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ cmjvS-Øn\v

Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. A`n-]mb kzmX¥yw

hfsc hne-s∏´ Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. ]t£,

s]mXp kam-[m-\-I-a-Øn\pw [m¿Ωn-I-

Xbv°pw kZm-Nm-c-Øn\pw hncp-≤-ambn

A`n-]m-b-kzm-X¥yw F∂ Ah-Imiw

hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. AXp-

t]mse Cu kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ ad-hn¬

A\y-h-y‡nIfpsS A¥- n\p tIm´w

hcp-Øp∂ ]kvXm-h-\-I-fpw \ymbo-I-cn-

°-Ø-°-X-√. AXn-\m¬ Hcp ]uc≥

F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah-Im-i-ß-tfm-sSm∏w-

Xs∂ cmjvS-tØmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp-

ap≈ IS-a-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-XmWv.

\ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-

chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw ImØp-

kq-£n-°p-hm\pw \ΩpsS BZ¿i-ßfpw

kwkvIm-chpw kwc-£n-°p-hm\pw \mw

_m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. aXw, `mj, ]tZiw

F∂o hn`m-Kob Nn¥-Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn

F√m-h-scbpw Hcpt]mse ImWm≥ Ign-

bp∂ InkvXp-hns‚ amXrI \mw A\p-

I-cn-°-Ww. ]Ir-Xnsb AXns‚ X\n-a-

bn¬ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw ]Ir-Xn-hn-

`-h-ßƒ ]]-©-Ønse F√m Poh-Pm-e-

ßƒ°pw-IqSn Ah-Im-i-s∏- -Xm-sW∂pw

Ahsb ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-

Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-abm-Wv-

F∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°-Ww. aX-ssaXn

\ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw kmaq-ly-Xn-∑-Isf

thtcmsS ]ngp-sX-dn™v \√ kaq-lsØ

krjvSn-°p-hm\pw \ap°v Ign-b-Ww.

InkvXp-hns\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Imń-s°m-

Sp-°p∂ \√ amXrI \ΩpsS Pohn-X-

Øn¬ ]n≥Xp-S-c-Ww. H∏w F√m-h¿°pw

Xpey-\oXn Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw thWw.

A≤ymbw \mev

a\pjymhIm-i-ßfpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw(Rights and Responsibilities)

115

_me-theIpń-I-sf-s°m≠v tPmen-sb-Sp-∏n®pw

`n£m-S\w \S-Ønbpw Pohn-°p∂ amXm-

]n-Xm-°fpw GP‚p-amcpw \ΩpsS kaq-

l-Øn-ep-≠v. D’-h-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw hgn-

tbm-c-ß-fnepw n£-bm-Nn®p Xf¿∂p-In-

S-°p∂ Ip™p-ßfpw, _mey-Øn¬

Ifn®pw Nncn®pw hf-tc-≠-Xn-\p-]-Icw

ITn-\-amb tPmen sNøm≥ hn[n-°s∏-

Sp∂ FXtbm Ipń-Ifpw \ΩpsS Np‰p-

h- -ß-fn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. sNdnb Ipń-

Isfs°m≠v ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ip‰-

I-c-amWv F¶nepw CØcw ]h-W-X-Iƒ

XpS¿∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

A\m-Y-cmb Ipń-Ifpw Pohn-X-km-l-

Ncyw tami-amb Ipń-I-fp-amWv CØcw

]oU-\-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ipń-

Isf Xń-sb-SpØv n£m-S-\w, tamjWw

F∂n-hbv°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmaq-ln-

I-hn-cp-≤cpw C∂ns‚ im]-am-Wv. F√m

Ipń-Iƒ°pw Btcm-Kyhpw kwc-£-

Whpw ]mY-anI hnZym`ym-khpw e`n-°p-

hm-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. AXn-\p≈ \nb-

a-ßfpw \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

14 hb- n¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Ipń-I-sf-

s°m≠v tPmen sNøn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-

bmWv "_me-the' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Ipń-I-sf-s°m≠v _me-the sNøn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv ITn-\-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-amWv. \n¿Ωm-

W-ta-J-e-I-fnepw mIvS-dn-I-fnepw tlm -

ep-I-enepw sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-im-e-I-

fnepw a‰pw Ipń-I-sf-s°m≠v Aan-X-ambn

]Wn-sb-Sp∏n-°m-dp≠v. Xp—-amb ]Xn-

êw sImSpØp IqSp-X¬ tPmen-sb-Sp-

∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv

_me-th-e-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-hm≥ sXmgn-ep-S-a-

Iƒ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂-Xv. icn-bmb hni-atam

`£-Wtam e`n-°msX CØcw Ip™p-

ßƒ IjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. IqSmsX tami-

amb s]cp-am‰hpw ITn-\-amb A[zm-\hpw

Iqc-amb a¿±-\hpw Ipń-Iƒ A\p-`-hn-

t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p.

Ipń-Iƒ°p e`n-t°≠ t]mj-Im-

lmctam icn-bmb Pohn-X-io-e-ßtfm

Ch¿°p e`n-°p-∂n-√. kvt\lhpw ]cn-

em-f-\hpw \ntj-[n-°s∏Sp∂ Ch¿ Ip‰-

IrXy-ßƒ°pw sX‰mb ioe-ßƒ°pw

ASn-a-I-fm-bn-Øo-cm-dp≠v.

_me-the \ntcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-

dn®v icn-bmb \nb-a-t_m-[-\hpw s]mXp-

P-\-ßƒ°v icnbmb t_m[hXvI-c-

Whpw A\n-hm-cy -am -Wv. Ipń -I-sf-

s°m≠v ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-∂Xv I≠m¬

AXns\ XS-bm\pw AXn-s\-Xnsc A[n-

Im-cn-Iƒ°v ]cmXn \evIp-hm\pw \ap°v

Ign-b-Ww. \sΩ-t∏mse a‰p Ipń-Iƒ°pw

Pohn-X-ku-I-cyhpw kpJhpw kzmX-

¥yhpw A\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-

ap-s≠∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

_me-\oXn

Hcp cmjvS-Øns‚ `mhn Ipń-I-fn-

emWv. Ah¿ cmjvS-Øns‚ kº-ØmWv.

Ipń-I-fpsS k¿∆-tXm-∑p-J-amb hnImkw

Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠Xv kaq-l-Øns‚ IS-a-

bm-Wv. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\bpw \nb-a-

ßfpw Ipń-I-fpsS kºq¿Æ-kw-c-£Ww

Dd-∏p-\-evIp-∂p. F∂m¬ Iuam-c-]m-b-

Øn¬ GsX-¶nepw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-te°p

hgp-Xn-hoWv ISpw-_-Øn\pw kaq-l-

Øn\pw cmPy-Øn-\pw-Xs∂ Xocmim]-

ambn PohnXw \in-∏n-°p∂ IpńIƒ Ipd-

h√. _me-]o-V-\w, Nqj-Ww, Ip‰-Ir-Xy-

ßƒ°v t]cW, kmaq-ly-hn-cp≤ ]h¿-

Ø-\-ß-fn-te°v Ahsc \bn-°p-I, Ipń-

I-tfmSv arKo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ s]cp-am-

dpI Ch-sb√mw C∂pw XpS¿∂p-sIm-t≠-

bn-cn-°p-∂p.

116

16 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ BÏp-

ńbpw 18 hb v XnI-bmØ s]Ïp-ń-

bp-amWv "Ipń' F∂ \n¿h-N-\-Øn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. inYn-e-amb

IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£w, c£-I¿Øm-°ƒ

Ipń-I-tfmSv Im´p∂ Iqc-X-Iƒ Ipń-I-

fpsS am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-Ihpw sshIm-

cn-I-hp-amb ÿnXn a\- n-em-°mØ

c£m-I¿Øm-°ƒ, amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS

sX‰mb Pohn-X-am¿§w, I≈-hm-‰v, NqXp-

I-fn, aZy-]m-\w, hy`n-Nmcw XpS-ßnb

A\m-im-ky-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ch-sb√mw

Ipń-I-sf am\-knI Akw-Xr-]vXn-bn-

te°pw sX‰mb hgn-I-fn-te°pw \bn-

°p∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ Ipń-I-fn¬ Ip‰-

hm-k\ km[m-c-W-am-Wv.

thZ-\n-°p∂ Cfw-a-\ pw AwKo-I-

cn-°-s∏-SmØ hy‡n-Xzhpw kvt\l-Øn-

\p-th≠n Zmln-°p∂ lr-Z-bhpw Ac-£n-

X-Xz-t_m-[hpw Ipń-I-fn¬ shdp∏v Df-

hm-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ hoSn-s\bpw amXm-]n-

Xm-°-sfbpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw ItaW

Zpjn® kml-N-cy-Øn-te°v hgpXn hogp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]iv\-ßƒ t\cnSp-

hm\pw sX‰mb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw

Ipń-Isf t\cmb am¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Ahsc DØa ]uc-∑m-

cm°n am‰p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kwhn-[m\w

Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \nb-a-amWv 1986 -˛¬

C¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]mkm-°nb "_me-

\o-Xn-\n-baw' (Juvanile justice Act) 2000˛¬Cu \nbaw ka-K-ambn ]pXp-°n. Ipń-

Isf ]oVn-∏n-°p-Itbm hgn-bm-[m-c-am-°p-

Itbm Dt]-£n-°p-Itbm a‰p-X-c-Øn¬

tZmln-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv Ip‰-I-c-

amWv. C]-Imcw Ipń-Isf tZmln-°p-

∂-h-cpsS t]cn¬ I¿i-\-amb \S-]-Sn-

Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hIp∏pw _me-

\o-Xn-\n-b-a-Øn¬ D≠v. AXp-t]mse

Ipń-I-tfmSv IqcX ImWn-°p-Itbm

Ahsc bmN-I-hr-Øn°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

Itbm Ah¿°v ab-°p-a-cp∂v \evIp-

Itbm tlm´-ep-I-fnepw sXmgn¬im-e-I-

fnepw ]Wn FSp-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-

∂Xpw Ip‰-I-c-am-Wv.

Ip nIfpsS AhImißfpw A¥ pw

ImØp-kq-£n-t°-≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-a-

bmWv. Ah¿°v icnbmb hnZym-`ym-

khpw Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£bpw Dd-∏m-t°-

≠Xpw kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-Np-a-X-e-

bmWv. Ipń-Isf NqjWw sNøp∂ ]h-

W-X-Iƒ°pw A\o-Xn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc

i_vZ-ap-b¿Øp-hm\pw Ahsc kwc-£n-

°p-hm\pw \ap°p ian°mw.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßfpw I¿Ø-hy-ßfpw

Fßs\ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p?

2. _me-the Fßs\ \ntcm-[n-°p-hm≥

Ignbpw?

3. _me-\oXn hni-Z-am-°p-I.

4. F¥p-sIm≠v Ipń-Iƒ sX‰mb Pohn-

X-co-Xn-I-fn-te°v t]mIp∂p?

5. \nß-fpsS ÿeØp _me-the i≤-

bn¬s]-´m¬ AXn\v FXnsc F¥p

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn°pw?

6. "\nb-ahpw Ipń-Ifpw' F∂ hnj-b-

Øn¬ Hcp N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

117

Poh-N-cn-X-kw-Klwtaml≥Zmkv Icw-N-µvKm‘n 1869

HIvtSm-_¿ 2˛mw XobXn KpP-dm-Øn¬

P\n-®p. sNdp-∏-Im-e-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

]tem-`-\-ßfpw Xn∑-Ifpw AXn-Po-hn®v

tijvT-amb [m¿Ωn-I-t_m-[-tØmSpw

kaq-l-tØm-Sp-≈ Bg-ta-dnb ]Xn-⁄m-

_-≤-X-tbm-Spw-IqSn At±lw hf¿∂p.

\t∂ sNdp-∏-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ At±lw

IkvXq¿_msb hnhmlw sNbvXp. e≠-

\nse hnZym-`ym-km-\-¥cw At±lw Hcp

\nb-a-⁄-\mbn. 1893 apX¬ 1914 hsc

HutZym-KnIPohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v

At±lw Z£n-Wm-^n-°-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-

t∏mƒ Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ `mc-Xo-b-

cpsS D∂-a-\-Øn-\mbn IqSp-X¬ ka-

bhpw Du¿÷hpw sNe-h-gn-®p. Z£n-Wm-

^n-°-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sh≈-°m-cmb

A[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬\n∂v At±-l-Øn-\p-

≠mb A\p- -h-ßfpw A]-am-\hpw At±-

l-Øns‚ D≈nse kzmX-¥y-k-ac-tk-

\-m\nsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

46˛mw hb- n¬ `mc-X-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-

h-cn-Ibpw cmPy-Øns‚ kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-w

]mh-ßfpsS D∂-a-\-Øn-\p-wth-≠n-bp≈

t]mcm-´-Øn\v t\XrXzw \evIpIbpw-

sNbvXp.

Hcp aX-`m-¥≥ 1948 P\p-hcn 30˛mw

XobXn shSn-bp-Xn¿Øv At±-lsØ

h[n-®p. Hcp cmjvSo-b-hn-ip-≤s‚ hnP-

b-]-Z-amb Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw kw`m-h-\-

I-fp-sSbpw at\m-l-c-amb hnh-c-W-amWv

At±-l-Øns‚ "Fs‚ kXym-t\z-j-W-

]-co-£-W-ßƒ' F∂ Bfl-I-Y.

At±-l-Øns‚ IS-∏mSv

`mc-Xo-b-]m-c-º-cy-tØmSpw hninjy

aX-ß-tfmSpw Km‘nPn hfsc Bg-Øn¬

IS-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. aX-]-c-amb KŸ-ß-fn¬

`K-h-XvKoX At±-lsØ Bg-Øn¬

kzm[o\n®ncp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂

InkvXphpw At±-l-Øns‚ Kncn-]-`m-j-

W-ßfpw Km‘n-Pn°v hfsc ]nb-s∏-´-

Xm-bn-cp-∂p. tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS "The king-dom of God is Within You' F∂

IrXnbpw tPm¨ dkvIns‚ "Unto the Last'F∂ IrXnbpw Km‘n-Pnsb hfsc

kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-s≠∂v At±lw Xpd∂p

kΩ-Xn-®n- p-≠v. F√m aX-ßsf°p-dn®pw

A¿∏-W-t_m-[-tØmsS At±lw ]Tn-

®n-cp-∂p. amXm-hn¬\n∂v ‡n-bpsS ]mT-

ßfpw ]nXm-hn¬\n∂v A\y-a-X-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ Xpd∂ kao-]-\hpw At±lw

Kln®p.

bqWn‰v Ggv

hnhn[ XXz-kw-ln-X-I-tfm-Sp≈InkvXob kao-]\w

A≤ymbw H∂v

Km‘n-Pnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI

118

kXym-t\z-j-Whpw ⁄m\hpw⁄m\w e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]t©-µn-b-

ßfpw bp‡nbpw _p≤nbpw ][m\ ]¶v

hln-°p-∂p. ka-K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ h‡m-

hm-bn -cp∂ At±lw Ch-bn-sem-∂n-

s\bpw A][m\ambn I≠n-√. F∂n-

cp-∂mepw Ch-bn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ Adn-

hns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v At±lw

hfsc t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-

ambn ssZhsØ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v tIhew

]t©-µn -b -ßƒsImt≠m bp‡n -

sImt≠m Ign-bn-s√∂v At±lw hniz-

kn-®n-cp-∂p. bp‡n°v ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ D≈-

Xp-sIm-≠mWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]m[m-\y-

sØ-°p-dn®v At±lw Du∂n-∏-d-™-Xv.

Km‘n-Pn°v hnizmkw F∂Xv Bdm-an-

µnbw t]mse-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\v

a\x-km-£n-bpsS i_vZw ssZh-Øns‚

i_vZ-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu i_vZw ihn-°p-

hm≥ Pohn-X-Øn¬ A®-S°w A\n-hm-

cy-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Cµn-b-ßfpw bp‡nbpw

_p≤nbpw ip≤o-I-cn®v hbv°p-∂n-s√-

¶n¬ Ah-bn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ Adnhv hnI-

e-am-bn-Øo-cpw. kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ I¿i-

\-ambn [m¿Ωn-I-amb ]hn-X-Xbpw Pohn-

X-hn-ip-≤nbpw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°-W-sa∂v

At±lw hf-sc-b-[nIw iTn-®n-cp-∂p. a\p-

jys‚ ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse ]iv\-

ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw \evIp-∂-Xn\v klm-

bn-°p-tºmƒ amXta Adnhv A¿∞-

hØm-Ip-I-bp-≈q.

kXy-sØ-°p-dn®v

Km‘nPn, Xs∂ hn\-bm-\zn-X-\mb

kXym-t\zjn F∂p kzbw hnti-jn-∏n-

°p-Ibpw kXyw Is≠-Øp-hm-\p≈ ]co-

£-W-ßƒ°pw A\p-kypX-ambn Pohn-

XsØ am‰p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-

Øns‚ Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w

Xs∂ kXy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Km‘nPn, ssZhw

F∂-Xn\v kXyw F∂p ]d-™n-cp-∂p.

ssZhw kXy-amWv F∂ Dƒ°mgvN At±-

l-Øn\v hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-am-bn-

cp∂p. tIh-e-k-Xyhpw Bt]-£n-I-amb

kXyhpw XΩn¬ At±lw Xncn-®-dn-™n-

cp-∂p. a\p-jy\v tIh-e-k-XysØ Dƒ-

s°m-≈p-hm≥ km[y-a-√. Bt]-£n-I-

amb kXy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ \n∂p-

sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw tIh-e-k-Xy-a-t\z-

jn®v I≠p-]n-Sn-°-Ww. as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬

]d-™m¬ kXy-Øn¬ Ncn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-

≠p-am-Xta ssZh-Øn¬ XmZm-fly-s∏-Sp-

hm≥ ]‰p-I-bp≈q F∂v At±lw hniz-

kn-®n-cp-∂p. kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw \oXn°pw

th≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´-ßsf ""kXy-K-l-

ambn'' (Truth force or soul force) Km‘nPn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. kXyw A\p-`-hn-°p-

∂-Xn\v lrZ-b-hn-ip≤n AXy-¥m-t]-£n-

X-am-Wv. a\x-km-£n-bpsS i_vZ-amb

kXyw tIƒ°p-hm≥ ip≤hpw A®-S-°-

hp-ap≈ PohnXw thW-sa∂v At±lw

ka¿∞n-®p. kXyw BXy-¥n-I-Xbpw

Alnwk AXn-te-°p≈ am¿§-hp-am-Wv.

AI-a-cm-ln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v

Km‘nPn Alnw-k-bp-sSbpw AI-a-

cm-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw tijvT-\mb ]hm-

N-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mNo\ aXm-fl-I-⁄m-

\-Øn¬\n∂pw At±lw Alnwk F∂

XXzw kzoI-cn-®p. CXv hos≠-SpØv B[p-

\n-I-`m-c-X-Øns‚ Bflob i‡n-bmbn

apt∂m´p hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v At±lw \ne-

sIm-≠p. Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ cmjvSo-b-

Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Alnwk ]mh¿Øn-I-am-

°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-Øns‚ s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-

Iƒ D]-I-cn-®p.

Nn¥-I-fnepw hm°p-I-fnepw ]hr-

Øn-I-fnepw a‰p-≈-hsc D]-Z-hn-°p-∂-

Xn¬\n∂pw apdn-th-ev∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw

AI-∂p-\n-ev°-W-sa-∂Xv Alnw-k-bpsS

119

Hcp `mKw amX-am-Wv. Km‘n-bpsS Nn¥-

bn¬ Alnwk F∂m¬ A\o-Xn°pw

Nqj-W-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-amb

ka-c-am-bn-cp∂p. Aßs\ sNbvXn-s√-

¶n¬ hywK-ambn A\oXn kaq-l-Øn¬

XpS-cp-∂Xv t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I-bm-hpw.

Hcp hy‡n At±-l-Øns‚ _e-lo-\-X-

Iƒ sImt≠m òcpXzw sImt≠m AI-

a-Im-cn-b-s√-¶n¬ AXp \∑-b-√. Km‘nPn

hy‡-ambn ]d-™n-´p-≠v˛ ˛AI-a-cm-ln-

Xy-kn-≤m¥w _e-lo-\¿°pw òcp-°ƒ-

°pap-≈-X-√. AXv ss[cy-ap-≈-h¿°pw

i‡¿-°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. G‰hpw ss[cy-

imen a‰p-≈-hsc sIm√m-sXbpw apdn-th-

ev∏n-°m-sXbpw sIm√-s∏-Sp-hm≥ BK-

ln°pw ImcWw a‰p-≈-hsc apdn-th-ev∏n-

°p-∂Xv sX‰m-sW∂v kzb-a-dn-bm≥

km[n-°pw. (l-cn-P≥ 20 Pqsse 1937).

km¿∆-eu-In-I-km-tlm-Z-cyw

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ sFIy-sØ-°p-

dn-®p≈ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Z¿i-\-Øns‚

][m\ ASn-ÿm\w -Xs∂ At±-l-

Øns‚ aX-]-c-amb hnizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ssZh-Øns‚ a°ƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬

F√m-hcpw ktlm-Z-cn-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv.

\Ω-fn-se√mw ssZhw hkn-°p∂p F∂v

At±lw i‡-ambn hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

""\mw ]e-cm-Wv, F∂m¬ \Ω-sf-√m-hcpw

H∂mWv'' (The Collected works ofMahatma Gandhi Vo. 44, P. 82)

FÆ-a‰ imJ-I-fnepw Ce-I-fnepw

Htc Poh≥ kwI-an-°p∂ Hcp henb

hr£-tØmSv At±lw a\p-jy-hw-isØ

Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. \nd-Øntem

hen-∏-Øntem kºm-Zy-ß-fntem ÿm\-

am-\-ß-fntem D≈ sshPm-Xy-ßsf adn-

I-S-∂p-sIm≠v F√m cmPy-ß-fn-sebpw

]pcp-j-∑mcpw kvXoIfpw Htc Bflm-

hns\ ]¶n-Sp-∂p. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ ASn-

ÿm-\-am-°n-b-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-Øn\v aX-

ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ sFIy-Øn-\p-th-≠nbpw

sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bva-s°-Xn-cmbpw \ne-sIm-≈p-

∂-Xn\v km[n-®p. kXy-Øn¬ Km‘n-

Pn°v Cu sFIy-Nn¥ a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬

amX-a√ F√m krjvSn-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-

am-sW-∂v hnizm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

"k¿t∆m-Zb' F∂ Bibw

k¿t∆m-Zb F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w

F√m-h¿°pw A`yp-∂Xn F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in -°p-∂Xv F√m-

h¿°pw \∑ D≠m-IpI F∂-Xm-Wv.

kvt\l-Ønepw am\p-jn-I-aq-ey-ß-fnepw

tIµo-Ir-X-am-bXpw kzbw- -c-Ww-\-S-Øp-

∂Xpw NqjWw sNøm-Ø-Xp-amb kl-

I-c-W-kwLw F∂¿∞w. Npcp-°-Øn¬

k¿t∆m-Zb F∂ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kz]v\-

]-≤Xn "F√m-h¿°pw ]ptcm-KXn' F∂-

Xm-Wv. Km‘n-Pn -bpsS Cu Z¿i\w

G‰hpw A¿l-am-b-Xn\v AXn-Po-h\w

F∂ Bi-b-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ D]-t`mKw

\S-Øp-∂-h¿°v IqSp-X¬ kt¥mjw

F∂ Nn¥bv°pw hn]-c-oX-am-bn-cp-∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ Z¿i\w kaq-l-Ønse

Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´-hsc Dt±-in®pw F√m-

h-cp-sSbpw ùXn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb

kzmX-¥yhpw hf¿®bpw Dt±-in-®p-≈-

Xpambn-cp-∂p. At±lw kaq-l-Ønse

ZfnXsc, Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´sc lcn-P≥

As√-¶n¬ ssZh-Øns‚ a\p-jy¿ F∂p

hnfn-®p.

[m¿Ωn-I-amb am¿§-Øn-eqsS amXta

hnP-b-I-c-amb A¥y-Øn-se-Øp-hm≥

]‰p-I-bp-≈q. temI-Øns‚ t£a-Øn-

\mbn Km‘nPn ip]m¿i-sN-bvXXv

\njvIma-I¿Ωw Bbn-cp-∂p. At±-l-

Øns‚ Pohn-X-k-tµiw ]cn-Xym-Khpw

BÀm-Zhpw F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. k¿t∆m-

Zb F√m-h¿°pw hnti-jn®v Zcn-Z¿°pw

120

Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏- -h¿°pw tkh\w sNøp-

∂-Xn\v Blzm\w sNbvXp. Cu tkh-\-

Øn-s‚-sbm-s°bpw Dt±iw a\p-jys‚

BXy-¥n-I-e-£y-amb ssZhn-I-bm-Ym¿-

∞y-h-XvI-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]m¿∞\ Bflm-hns‚`£Ww

Km‘nPn Bg-ta-dnb ]m¿∞\m a\p-

jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m¿∞\ At±-l-Øn\v

Bflm-hns‚ £-Wam-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-hn[

sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ°pw ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ°pw

CS-bnepw Akm-[-c-W-amb kam-[m\w

At±lw A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. Cu kt¥m-

j-Øns‚ ImcWw At±-l-Øns‚

]m¿∞\mPohn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. as‰mcp

t\´-ambn At±lw Db¿Øn-°m-ń-bXv

]m¿∞\ lrZ-b-ßsf ip≤o-I-cn-®v A`n-

\n-th-i-ßfpsSta¬ Pbw \evIp-sa-

∂tX. AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ Xs∂ AXym-

h-iy-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ]m¿∞-\sb At±lw

C]-Imcw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. ""`£-W-an-

√msX Hcp a\p-jy\v ]e Znh-k-ßƒ

\ne-\n-ev°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. ]t£,

ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v a\p-jy\v

Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepw ]m¿∞-\-bn-√msX

\ne-\n-ev°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√. (YoungIndia, 15-12-1927)

D]-kw-lmcwKm‘nPn tijvT-amb hy‡n-Xz-

Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p. ‡n, ⁄m\w,

I¿Ωw F∂n-h-sb√mw A¤p-X-I-c-ambn

kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v Pohn-XsØ ]q¿Æ-am-°p-

Ibpw sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-´p-sIm≠v

ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-ambn amdpIbpw

sNbvXp. At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØmfw Pohn-X-Øns‚ [\y-Xbpw Np‰p-

]m-Sp-ap≈ temI-Øns‚ [\y-Xbpw ]c-

kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fm-Wv. C∂sØ D]-t`mK-

kw-kvIm-c-Øn\pw aqey-]-Xn-k-‘n-°p-anS-

bnepw "Fs‚ Pohn-X-amWv Fs‚ ktµiw'

F∂ hm°p-I-fn-eqsS [m¿Ωn-I-aq-eym-[n-

jvTn-X-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-XØn\v Km‘nPn

C∂pw temIsØ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse sshin-

jvSy-ßƒ Npcp°n hnh-cn-°p-I.

2. kXy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS

ImgvN-∏mSv F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

3. Npcp-ßnb hnh-cWw Xøm-dm-°p-I.

1. AI-a-cm-lnXyw

2. k¿t∆m-Zb

4. "]m¿∞\ Bflm-hns‚ `£Ww'

F∂ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Bibw hni-Z-

am-°p-I.

121

aX-ßƒ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv a\p-jys\

am\-ho-I-cn-°p-hm\pw ⁄m\-k-º-∂-\m-

°p-hm-\p-amWv. F∂m¬ hntZz-jhpw

AI-ahpw kaq-l-Øn¬ hym]n-∏n-°p-

hm≥ ]ecpw aX-ßsf Zpcp-]tbmKw

sNøp-∂p-≠v. aX-au-en-I-hmZw F∂m¬

Ah-cpsS aXsØ apdp-sI-]n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v

a‰p aX-ßsf shdp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv

kwL- -\-ß-fn-te°pw AI-a-Øn-te°pw

\bn-°p-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. h¿§o-

b-Xbpw aX-`m¥pw Cu Bi-bw-Xs∂

tZymXn-∏n-°p∂ a‰p t]cp-I-fm-Wv. Cu

A]-I-S-I-chpw kzbw tIµo-Ir-Xhpw

k¶p-Nn-X-hp-amb temI-Z¿i\w Db¿Øn-

∏n-Sn-°p∂ aX-`m-¥-∑mcpw Xoh-hm-Zn-

Ifpw F√m aX-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠v. aX-au-en-I-

hmZw CX-c-a-X-ß-fpsS \ne-\n-ev]ns\-

Xs∂ tNmZyw-sN-øp-∂p. AXp-t]mse

Ah¿ kaq-l-Øn¬ CX-c-aX kaq-l-ß-

fpS sFIy-X-bn-ep≈ \ne-\n-ev]n\v

ap≥ssI FSp-°p-∂p-an-√.

hniz-kvX-XbpwaX-au-en-I-hm-Zhpw H∂√

Ah-c-h-cpsS aX-ß-tfmSv hniz-kvX-

Xbpw ÿnc-Xbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

sX‰-√. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h-cpsS hniz-kvXX

Ah-c-h-cpsS \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-th≠n aX-

ßfpsS hn`-h-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥

Ahsc t]cn-∏n-°pw. Ah-c-h-cpsS aX-

tØmSp hniz-kvX-cmbn \n∂p-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ a‰p aX-ßsf Xpd∂ kao-]-\-

tØmsS ImWp-Ibpw Ah-tcmSp klI

cn®v kaq-l-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-\pth≠n

]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Hcp InkvXym-

\n°v CXv InkvXp-hn-t\mSpw At±l-

Øns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-en-t\m-Sp-ap≈ Bg

tadnb ]Xn⁄m_≤Xbpw InkvXp-

hns‚ k`-tbm-Sp≈ eb-\-hp-amWv.

auen-I-hm-Zhpw CXcaX-ß-tfm-Sp≈ shdp∏pw

AI-ahpw

ssZhw kvt\lhpw £a-bp-am-Wv.

aX-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ temI-saßpw AIaw

D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. aX-`m-¥-∑m¿ D≠m-°p∂

òI-c-amb h¿§o-bm-I-a-Wßfpw Xoh-

hm-Z-ßfpw km[m-c-W-bmbn sSen-hn-j-

\n-eq-sSbpw ]X-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw

P\-ßƒ°v Adn-bp-hm\pw ImWp-hm\pw

km[n-°p-∂p. hn`-P-\-Øns‚ Imew-ap-

X¬ `mc-X-Øn¬ aX-]-c-amb kwL¿j-

ßfpw AI-a-ßfpw Iq -s°m-e-Ifpw ]e

aX-tI-µ-ß-fp-sSbpw `h-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

XI¿®bv°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p≠v.

1992 Unkw -_¿ 6˛mw XobXn

bp.-]n.-bnse Atbm-≤y-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

_m_dn akvPnZv Nne aX-`m-¥-i-‡n-Iƒ

cmas‚ \ma-Øn¬ Hcp t£Xw ]Wn-b-

W-sa∂ e£y-tØmsS s]mfn-®-Xv B[p-

\n-I- m-c-X-Øns‚ Ncn-X-Ønse \n¿Æm-

b-I-\nan-j-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu cma-t£X

]ÿm-\-°m¿ _m_dn akvPnZv XI¿Ø-

Xp-aqew h¿Ko-b-hn-`m-Ko-bX h¿≤n-°p-

A≤ymbw c≠v

aX-au-en-I-hmZw

122

Ibpw ITn-\-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXn-s\-

Øp-S¿∂p AI-a-ß-fp-sSbpw Iq´-s°m-

e-I-fp-sSbpw Nne kw`-h-]-c-º-c-Iƒ \S-

∂p. 2002- ¬ KpP-dmØn¬ G‰hpw \n¿`m-

Ky-I-c-amb tKm[ kw -hhpw \S-∂p. qcn-

]-£-°m-cp≈ aX-hp-ambn _‘-ap≈

h¿§o-b-hm-Zn-I-fm¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v

apkvenß-fpsS Iq -s°me CXns‚ e-

am-bp-≠m-bn. ]n∂oSv oI-c-amb A\ymbw

2008-˛¬ Hdo- -bnepw cmPy-Øns‚ hnhn-

[- m-K-ß-fnepw InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t\sc

D≠m-bn. HIV/AIDS t]mse h¿§o-b-X-

bpsS sshdkv cmPyw apgp-h≥ hym]n-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. h¿§o-b-X-bn¬\n∂v

amdn-\n-∂n-cp∂ Z£n-W-`m-c-X-Ønepw

Cubn-sS-bmbn ]e ÿe-ß-fnepw aX-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ AI-ahpw h¿§o-b-kw-

L´-\ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂p.

auen-I-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw h¿§obIem-]-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-

ÿm\Imc-W-ßƒ

a) ^mknÃv ]Xy-b-imkvXw

ln‰ve-dpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≠mb

\mkn-I-fpsS mknÃv ]Xy-b-imkvXw

`mc-X-Øn-te°v `mc-Xo-b-amb coXn-bn¬

sslµ-h-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fmb slUvhm¿,

kh¿°¿, tKm¬hm°¿ XpS -ßnb

t\Xm-°ƒ sIm≠p-h-∂p. `mc-X-Øns‚

_lp-e-amb kmwkvIm-cn-I-k-hn-ti-j-X-

bv°p-t\sc IÆ-S-®p-sIm≠p sslµhw

F∂ GIkwkvImcw F∂ ]pcm-hr-

ØsØ ]Xy-b-im-kvX-am-°p-hm≥

Ch¿ ian-®p. ]mNo-\-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂

`mc-X-Øn¬ aX-]-c-amb _lp-eX D≠m-

bn-cp∂p F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. lnµp-

aXau-en-I-hm-Zn -I-fmb [mcm-fw-t]¿

Ct∏mgpw Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv ssIkvX-h-

aXhpw Ckvemwa-Xhpw hntZ-i-a-X-ß-fm-

sW∂pw Ah-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v

AXn-\m¬ qcn-]£w hcp∂ P\-Xbv°v

Xpey-amb ]uc-Xz-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-an√

F∂p-am-Wv. Cu amXn-cn-bp≈ hntZz-j-

]-N-cWw, sX‰mb Adn-hp-Iƒ, am\-knI-

`bw XpS-ßn-b-h-bm¬ sslµ-h-cpsS

hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn¬ h¿§o-

bhmZ-Øn\p i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.

b) ""cmjvSob''Øns‚ Zpcp-]-tbmKw

aX-]-c-amb hnIm-c-ßsf cmjvSo-b-

°m¿ Ah-cpsS cmjvSob t\´-ßƒ°p-

th≠n NqjWw sNøp-∂p. kaq-l-

Øns‚ kwe-b-\-Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-

Øn-s‚bpw sNe-hn¬ Ah-cpsS BXy-

¥n-I-e£yw i‡n t\SpI F∂-X-tX.

c) kmº-Øn-I-Im-cy-ßƒ

Hcp aX-k-aq-l-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-Im-

`yp-∂Xn CX-c-k-aq-l-ß-fn¬ Akq-bbpw

]Ibpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssIkvX-

h¿s°-Xnsc Hdo-k-bnse Jfi-am¬

Pn√-bn¬ \S∂ ]iv\-ß-fpsS Hcp

ImcWw ZfnXv ssIkvX-h-cpsS kmaq-

ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb apt∂-‰-

amWv.

d) aXw-am-‰¬ ]iv\w

`mc-Xob `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ GsXm-

cmƒ°pw Xs‚ aXw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw

]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. `mc-

X-Ønse ssIkvX-h-cpsS kphn-ti-jo-

I-cWw sIm≠p-t]mepw Cu cmPy-

Ønse P\-kw-Jy-bp-sS 30% ¬ Xmsg

amXta ssIkvX-h-cp≈q Ah-cpsS

kwJy Ign™ Iptd ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn

h¿≤n-°p-∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ auen-I-hm-Zn-

Iƒ Cu Imcyw Hcp henb Imcy-ambn

FSpØv Nne kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ aXw-amdp-

123

∂-Xn-s\-Xn-cmbn _n√v ]m m-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. ssIkvXh kphn-ti-j-Icpw

Ah-cpsS ISpw-]n-SpØ at\m-`m-h-sØ-

°pdn®p ]p\-cm-tem-Nn-°-Ww. a‰p aX-

ßsf Ip‰w ]d-™p-sIm-≠p≈ AI-a-

Im-cnbmb kphn-ti-jo-I-c-Whpw henb

tXmXn-ep≈ aXw-am-‰hpw aX-au-en-I-

hmZam-sW-∂p-≈Xpw a‰p aX-ß-fn-ep-≈-

hsc ]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-sa∂pw Xncn-®-dn-

bWw

a‰p aX-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈A⁄X

]e Bfp-Ifpw Ah-cpsS aX-sØ-

°p-dn®v \∂mbn Adn-bm-hp-∂-hcpw a‰p

aX-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ Imcy-ß-sf-°p-

dn®v Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-Wv. Cu \yq\X

a‰p aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v sX‰mb [mc-W-Iƒ

D≠m-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXns‚ ê-ambn

a‰p-≈-h-tcmSp hntZzjw ]pe¿Øp-∂-

Xn\pw Imc-W-am-Ipw.

]cn-lm-c-am¿§-ßƒ

sX‰mb Bi-b-ßfpw ]£-]m-X-kz-

`m-h-ap-≈Xpw hntZz-j-]-c-hp-amb Bi-b-

ßƒ ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v hnhn-

[-a-X-ß-fpsS Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u-]-

Nm-cn-I-hp-amb kwhm-Z-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬

IqSp-X¬ Ah-kcw D≠m-°-Ww. kXyw

\sΩ kzX-¥-cm-°pw. hnhn[ aX-ßƒ

tN¿∂p≈ ]m¿∞-\m -°q -´ -ßƒ,

Xo¿∞m-S-\-ßƒ, Hcp-an-®p≈ Iymºp-Iƒ

XpS-ßn-bh Cu e£y-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xn\v

hfsc ][m-\-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. Ah-c-h-cpsS

aX-Øn¬ Bg-ta-dnb hnizm-k-ap-≈-

h¿t° CØcw ]cn -]m -S n -Iƒ°p

t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-

≈q. ]e aX-hn-`m-K-ß-fnse a\p-jy¿

XΩn-ep≈ kl-I-cWw At\ym\yw a\-

n-em-°p-hm\pw kaq-l-Øn¬ \∂mbn

tkh\w sNøp-hm\pw Ah-kcw Hcp-°pw.

h¿§o-b-hm-Z-Øns‚ XohX a\- n-em-°p-

hm≥ CXn-\p-th≠n Ipd-®p-]p-kvX-I-

ßtfm teJ-\-ßtfm amXw ]kn-≤o-

Icn-®m¬ t]mcm. IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬

krjvSn]-c-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ t]m’m-

ln-∏n-s®-¶n¬ amXta \m\m-Xz-Øn¬

GIXzw ImØp kq£n-°p-hm≥ km[n-

°p-I-bp-≈q. kn\na kwhn-[m-b-I¿, Iem-

Im-c-∑m¿, Fgp-Øp-Im¿, ]X-]-h¿Ø-I¿

XpS-ßn-b-h¿°v Ah-cpsS k¿§-i‡n

kaq-l-\-∑-bv°mbn D]-tbm-Kn®v kam-

[m\w hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v ][m\ ]¶v hln-

°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn "dmw

In \mw' (1991) "^mZ¿ k¨ B‚ v tlmfn

hm¿' (195) F∂n-ßs\-bp≈ tUmIyp-

sa‚-dn-I-fn-eqsS `mc-X-Ønse ]ikvX

tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\na kwhn-[m-b-I≥

B\µv ]Svh¿[-s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h¿

h¿§o-b-I-em-]-Øns‚ a\x-im-kvX-c-amb

hi-ßsf Nq≠n-°m-ń. Hcp hn`m-K-°m-

cpsS tIhe Pev]-\w-sIm≠v kam-[m-\-

Øns‚ ssZh-imkvXw ImWp-hm≥

km[n-°p-I-bn-√. AXv hnhn[ krjvSn-]-

c-amb coXn-I-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-s®-¶n¬

amXta hnim-e-amb kaq-l-Øn-te°v

IS-∂p-sN-√p-I-bp-≈q.

]uc-kvXy-kw-kvIm-cØn¬ A[ym-]-

I¿°v As√-¶n¬ Kpcp-°-∑m¿°v hfsc

][m-\-s∏´ ÿm\-ap≠v. kaq-l-Øn¬

A‘-Im-c-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn`m-Kob i‡n-

Isf D®m-S\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw kaq-l-

Øns‚ sFIy-Øn-\p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Ch¿°v hfsc ][m-\-s∏´

Npa-X-e-bp-≠v. ssIkvX-h¿ Cu cmPy-

Øns‚ P\-kw-Jy-bpsS sNdnb hn`m-

Kta D≈q-sh-¶nepw k`-Iƒ°v [mcmfw

hnZym-e-b-ß-fp-≠v. \ΩpsS hnZym-e-bß-

fn-eqsS Cu ZuXyw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Bflm¿-

∞-ambn ian-t°≠-Xm-Wv.

124

aX-ßƒ°pw temI-sa-ßp-ap≈am\-h-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-\p-ap≈

]©-io¬temI-Ønse tZi-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈

kl-I-c-W-Øn\p cmPyw ian-°p-tºmƒ

aX-ßfn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ a\p-jy¿ ]pd-

tØ-°p-h∂v temI-a-X-ßƒ XΩn¬

sFIyhpw kl-I-c-Whpw kwPm-X-am-°p-

∂-Xn\v ian-°-Ww. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬

A`n-hµy ]utemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n aX-ßƒ°p-th≠n \n¿t±-in®

]©-io¬ (A©p ssien-Iƒ) Xmsg-∏-

d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ kwK-ln°mw

1. ]c-kv]-c-_-lp-am\w

aX-ßƒ XΩn¬ ]c-kv]cw _lp-

am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Hmtcm hy‡n-tbbpw

a‰p aX-ß-sfbpw Xs‚ aX-tØm-sSm∏w

_lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw ]I-tbmsS a‰p aX-

ß-sf-°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-°mXncn°p-hm\pw

Hmtcm aX-Øn-sebpw \∑ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw

km[n-°-Ww.

2. hnth-N-\-an-√mbva

atX-Xc P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ][m\

Bi-bw-X-s∂ Hcp ]pcp-j-s\tbm kvXo-

sbtbm Ah-s‚tbm Ah-fp-sStbm aX-

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnth-N\w

sNø-cp-sX-∂m-Wv.

3. a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-IbpwAhsc a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

kzbw ]cym-]vX-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬

Hmtcm aX-Øn-\p-ap-≠m-Imw. a‰p aX-ß-

fn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-tºm-gmWv

Ah-c-h-cpsS aX-sØ-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn¬

]Tn-°p-hm\pw cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-°p-

hm\pw km[n-°p-∂Xv. G‰hpw Ipd-™-

]£w Hmtcm aX-Øn-sebpw t\Xm-°-

∑m¿°pw Nn¥-I-∑m¿°p-sa-¶nepw CXc

aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-

hm-\p≈ hnim-em-¥-co£w thWw.

4. kam-[m-\-am¿§-Øn-eqsS]iv\-ßsf ]cn-l-cn-°Ww

aX-ku-lm¿±-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°s∏´

t\Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Hcp tZio-b-irw-Je

PmK-X-tbmsS ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw cmPy-

Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw `mKØv aX-]-c

-amb kwL¿jw D≠m-Ip-hm≥ km[y-X-

bpt≠m F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw PmKX

]pe¿Øp-Ibpw thWw.

5. kaq-l-Øn\v aX-ßƒ XΩn¬kl-I-c-Wm-[n-jvTn-X-amb tkh\w

hnhn-[-a-X-ßƒ XΩn¬ Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-

Zn-Ø-tØm-sSbp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-

Øm-hp-∂-XmWv. (Paulose Mar Gregorios,Religion and Dialogue. P 167-170)

kwhm-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\vssIkvX-h¿°p≈ bp‡n

CX-c-a-X-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-

I-fp-ambn kwhm-Z-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-hm≥

ssIkvX-h¿°v ]e Xc-Øn¬ Imc-W-

ap-≠v. a‰p aX-ß-fnse ssZhn-I-Nn-¥-sb-

°p-dn®v Adnbp-hm\pw InkvXp-hns‚

t]cW Ah-cn-te°p \evIp-hm\pw Ah-

cp-sS-Xs∂ hnizm-ksØ ZrV-s∏-Sp-Øp-

hm\pw krjvSn-]-c-amb sFIyw am\-h-

Pm-Xn-bn¬ D≠m-°p-hm\pw kaq-l-Øn¬

DZvK-Y\w Duń-D-d-∏n-°p-hm\pw km[n-

°pw. AXn-se-√m-ap-]-cn-bmbn Cu ZuXyw

Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ ssIkvXhkvt\lw

\sΩ \n¿_-‘n°p-∂p. kwhm-Z-ßƒ

aqew InkvXp-hn-t\mSv Bg-ta-dnb ka¿-

∏-Whpw F√m-h-tcmSpw Xpd∂ kao-]-

\hpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssk≤m-¥n-

I-N¿®-I-fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn¬ \nev°msX

kwhm-Z-ßƒ F√m AXn-cp-I-sfbpw D√w-

125

Ln-®p-sIm≠v kI-e-hn-[-kr-jvSn-]-c-amb

]¶p-h-bv°-en\pw kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw

kaq-l-Øns‚ tkh-\-Øn-\p-am-bp-≈-

XmWv. Cu t]mcm-´-Øn\v ssZhw \tΩm-

Sp-IqsS D≠m-bn-cn-°-s´.

"kam-[m\w D≠m-°p-∂-h¿ mKy-hm-

∑m¿ Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-∑m¿

F∂p hnfn-°-s∏Spw' (hn. aØmbn 5:9)

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. "aX-au-eoI-hmZw' F∂m-se¥v? Cu

]h-W-X-sIm-≠p≈ tZmj-ß-tfh?

2. aX-au-eo-I-hmZw h¿§ob Iem-]-

Øn\v Imc-W-am-hp∂p F∂v sXfn-bn-

°p-I.

3. aX-au-eo-I-hm-Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Imc-W-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p-I.

4. aX-au-eo-I-hmZw aqe-ap-≠m-Ip∂ ]iv\-

ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ GXm\pw

am¿§-ßƒ ¢m n¬ N¿® sNbvXv

Is≠-Øp-I.

5. aX-ku-lm¿±w ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-

Xn\v kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ "]©-io¬'

Gh?

6. \nß-fpsS ]tZ-iØv hnhn[ aX-hn-

`m-K-°m¿ ]c-kv]cw kl-h¿Øn-Xz-

Øn¬ Ign -bp -∂pt≠m? F¶n¬

AXn\v Imc-W-ambn \nßƒ ImWp∂

]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

126

A≤ymbw aq∂vv

kmaq-ly-]-Xy-b-imkvXw

ssZhw a\p-jysc Xs‚ kz¥w kzcq]-

Ønepw kmZriyØnepw krjvSn-s®-

¶nepw a\p-jys‚ \ndw/enwKw/sXmgn¬/

]mc-ºcyw F∂n-h-bpsS ASnÿm\-

Øn¬ hnth-N\w \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p. AtX-

k-abwXs∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ \oXnbpw

KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\p-

th≠nbp≈ FXn¿i-a-ßfpw \S-∂p-

sIm-≠n -cn -°p -∂p. Ata-cn -°-bnse

IdpØ-h¿§-°m¿, `mc-X-Ønse Zfn-X¿,

temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ kvXoIƒ F∂n-h¿

kmaq-ln-I-hn-th-N-\-Øns‚ thZ\ A\p-

`hn°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. B[p-\nI ImeØv

[mcmfw kmaq-ln-I-]-h¿Ø-Icpw ]Xyb-

im-kvX-h-‡m-°fpw thZ-im-kvX-⁄-

∑mcpw kaq-l-Ønse HcpIq´w Bfp-Iƒ

A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ hnth-N\w s]mXp-

i-≤-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ ap≥-ssI-

sb-Sp-Øp.

ZfnXv ]iv\-ßƒ

ZfnXv F∂ \ma-hn-ti-jWw sIm≠p-

t±-in-°p-∂Xv Xmgv∂ h¿§-°m-cp-sSbpw

]pd-Pm-Xn-°m-cp-sSbpw XI¿∂ Ah-ÿ-

sb-°p-dn -®mWv C∂v `mc-X-Ønse

hnhn[ kaq-l-ß-fn¬ ASn-®-a¿Ø-

s∏´ Bfp-Iƒ ZfnXv F∂-dn-bp-hm≥

BK-ln-°p∂p. Db¿∂ h¿§-°m-cn¬-

\n∂v Ah¿ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp∂ ASn-®-

a¿Øepw ASn-a-Xz-hp-amWv CXp-sIm≠v

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

Zfn-X-cpsS ASn-®-a¿Ø¬Ign™ aqhm-bn -cØn A™qdv

h¿j-tØm-f-ambn Db¿∂ h¿§-°m-

cn¬\n∂v Zfn-X¿ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-S¬

A\p-`-hn -®p-h-∂p. CXv Bcw-`n -®Xv

Bcy∑m-cpsS `mc-X-Øn-te-°p≈ hc-

thm-Sp-IqSn-bm-Wv. `mc-X-Ønse X\Xp

h¿§sØ ASn-®-a¿Øp-hm\pw ASn-a-I-

fm-°p-hm\pw Bcy-∑m¿ aX-]hpw a\x-im-

kvX-]-c-hp-amb am¿§-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂p. Cu Imcy-ß-fn¬ icn-bmb Ah-

t_m[w e`n-°p-hm≥ Bcy-∑m¿ Fgp-Xnb

Ncn-X-Ønepw thZ-K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw Hcp

]p\¿hm-b\ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

EIvthZ-Ønse ]pcp-j-kq-‡-Io¿-

Ø-\-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZhw Xs‚ ico-cØns‚

\mep mK-ß-fn¬\n∂v \mep PmXn-Isf

krjvSn®p. Xe-bn¬\n∂v ]ptcm-ln-X-

h¿§amb _m“-W-scbpw ssII-fn¬-

\n∂v tbm≤m-°-fmb £Xn-b-tcbpw XpS-

I-fn¬\n∂v I®-h-S-°m-cmb sshiy-scbpw

]mZ-ß-fn¬\n∂v tkh\w sNøp-∂-h-

cmb iqZ-tc-bpw. Cu \mev h¿§-ß-fn¬

Dƒs∏-SmØ F√m-h-scbpw ]pd-Pm-Xn-Iƒ

F∂p ]d-™p-h-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn

Zfn-X¿ Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s]Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv.

G.-Un. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ cNn-°-

s∏´-Xmb a\p-kvarXn Zfn-X-cpsS ASn-®-

a¿Ø-en\v \nb-a -km-[pXzw \evIn -

s°m≠v Ah-cpsS am\p-jn-I-amb hy‡n-

Xzwt]mepw \ncm-I-cn-®p.

127

kmaq-ln-I-amb DW¿∆vZfn-X-cpsS hntam-N-\-Øn-\p-th≠n

`‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-

fmb I_o¿Zm-kv, Xpfn-kn-Zmkv F∂n-h-

cp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-\n-c-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂

tPymXn_m pte, _n.-Un. Awt_-ZvI¿

alm-flm-Km‘n XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsSbpw

kw`mh-\-Iƒ FSpØp ]d-b-Ø-°-h-bm-

Wv. mcX-Øns‚ c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 16˛mw

hIp∏v Zfn-X-cpsS kmaq-ln-Ihpw hnZym-

`ym-k-]-c-hp-amb Bh-iy-IX Dƒs°m-≠n-

´p-≠v. `c-W-L-S-\-bnse Cu hIp∏v

sXm´p-Iq-Smbva F∂ BNmcw \n¿Øem-

°p-Ibpw AXv \nb-a-]-c-ambn in£m¿l-

am-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn ]Jym-]n-®p.

F∂mepw C∂pw kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-

Øn¬ Zfn-X¿°v \oXn-]q¿∆-amb kao-]-

\hpw Xpey-Xbpw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

ZfnXvthZ-imkvXw

Zfn-X¿ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ ASn-®-

a¿Ø¬ ZmcnZyw, ]oV-\w, \nc-£-c-X,

A\oXn a\pjys‚ A¥- n-s‚bpw

hy‡n-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw \ncm-IWw F∂n-

hsb XcWw sNøp-hm≥ 1980Ifn¬

Ipsd ZfnXv ssIkvX-h-Nn-¥-I¿ thZ-im-

kvX-]-c-ambn Cu hnjbw ]Xn-^-en-

∏n-°p-hm≥ Kuc-h-amb ia-ßƒ \S-Øn.

BZy-Im-esØ ZfnXvthZ-im-kvX-⁄-

∑m¿ G.-]n. \n¿Ω¬, F≥.-Cu. ]`m-I¿,

_nj∏v Fw. Akm-sc, sI. hn’≥,

hn. ssZh-k-lmbw sPbnwkv amt XpS-

ßn-b-h-cm-Wv.

ZfnXv thZ-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ Zfn-X-

cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬Xs∂ Ncn-X-Øns‚

]p\¿hm-b-\bpw FgpØpw A\n-hm-cy-am-

sW∂v Du∂n-∏-d-™p. Ckm-tb¬ P\-

Xsb hntam-Nn-∏n® ssZhw-Xs∂ Ah-

cpsS a°sf Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn Xß-

fpsS ]q¿∆NcnXw ]Tn-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw

Fß-s\-bmWv Ah¿ ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬-

\n∂v hntam-Nn-X-cm-b-sX∂v a\- n-em-°n-

s°m-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw \n¿t±-in-®p. (B-

h¿Ø-\-]p-kvXIw 6:20-˛25) ZfnXv ssI-

kvX-h-cpsS ]q¿∆-Imew Hm¿°-W-sa∂pw

Fß-s\-bmWv ssZhw Ahsc H∂p-an-

√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v Hcp P\-ambn Db¿Øn-

b-sX∂pw At∏m-kvX-e-\mb ]utemkv

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. (1 sImcn 1: 26-˛28).

krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`w-ap-X¬ hn.-

thZ-]p-kvXIw a\p-jy-hw-i-tØm-Sp≈,

hnin-jym -a¿±n-X-tcm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚

ZrV-_-‘-Øns‚ tcJ-bm-Wv. Fß-s\-

bmWv IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw ]oVn-X-cp-amb

Ckm-tb-eysc c£n-°p-hm-\mbn ssZhw

`qan-bn-te°v IS-∂p-h-∂-sX∂v ]pd-∏m-

Sn¬ (]pd 3:7,8) \mw hmbn-°p-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xm-c-Øn¬ a-\p-jy-hw-

i-hp-ambn sFIy-Zm¿Vys∏- p-sIm≠v Zcn-

Z-cn¬ Zcn-Z-\mbn temI-Øn-te-°p-I-S-∂p-

h∂v Zfn-X-cp-ambn sFIy-Zm¿Vy-Øn-

seØn Ah¿ XpS¿®-bmbn A\p-`-hn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ASn-a-Xzhpw ]oV-\hpw

am‰n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ B \√

amXrI kzoI-cn®v Zfn-X-cp-ambn tN¿∂v

Ah-cpsS ]iv\-ßƒ ]¶n-S-Ww.

sân-\nkw

sân-\nÃv ]Xy-b-im-kvX-Øn\v

kvXohn-tam-N\w Ft∂m kvXo]-Xy-b-

imkvXw (kvXo-]-£-Nn-¥) Ft∂m

]dbmw. CXv kaq-l-Øn¬ kvXoIƒ°v

\oXnbv°pw Xpey-Xbv°pw th≠n-bp≈

]Nm-c-]-h¿Ø-\-amWv Cu ]Nm-c-W-

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnhn[ kvXo]-iv\-ß-

fmb kvXoI-fpsS Xpey-th-X-\w, kvXoI-

fpsS Pohn-X-bm-X-\-Iƒ, k¥m-t\m-ev]m-

Z-\-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ, Km¿ln-I-

]o-V-\w, ssewKn-Im-I-a-Ww, ]k-hm-h[n

128

XpS-ßn-b-h-bv°p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

sân-\nkw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn kvXo-

IfpsS ASn-®-a¿Ø-en-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈

t]mcm-´-am-Wv.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬\n∂v 20˛mw \q‰m-

≠ns‚ Bcw-`w-h-sc-bp≈ kvXoI-fpsS

bmX-\-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-≈-XmWv

sân-\n-k-Øns‚ BZy-Im-esØ Ae-

b-Sn. sh¿Po-\nb hpƒ^v, Fen-k-_Øv

kv‰m‚¨ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Cu Ime-L-´-

Ønse kvXot\-Xm-°-fm-Wv. Ccp-]Xmw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ s_‰n

ôUs‚ "The Feminine MystiqueS' F∂

KŸw kvXoI-fpsS e£y-ßƒ t\Sn-

sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ ][m\ ]¶p-h-ln-®p.

sân-\nkw IqSp-Xepw e£y-]m-

]vXn-bn-se-Øn-bXv ]Sn-™m-d≥ cmPy-ß-

fn-em-Wv. Ct∏mƒ kvXoI-fpsS t¢i-ßƒ

GXm≠v k¿∆-euInI Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-

bmWv. CXv kvXoIƒ°v IqSp-X¬ thX-

\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb hnim-e-amb sXmgn-e-h-

k-c-ß-fpw k¿∆-I-em-ime hnZym-`ym-

khpw e`n-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-®p. hy‡n-

]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fnepw hnhm-l-kw-_-‘-

amb Imcy-ß-fnepw kzØ-h-Im-i-Ønepw

kvXoIƒ°v kz¥-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ

FSp-°phm≥ IpSp-X¬ AhIm-i-ap-≠mbn.

sân-\nÃv thZ-imkvXw kvXo-

]£-Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v ]mc-º-cy-sØ-°p-

dn®pw ioe-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-

I-sf-°p-dn®pw aX-Øns‚ thZ-im-kvX-

sØ-°p-dn®pw ]p\-cm-Jym-\-ßƒ \S-

Øp∂p. sân-\nÃv thZ-im-kvX-Øns‚

e£y-ß-fn¬ NneXv aX-]-c-amb t\Xr-

Xz-Øn¬ kvXoIfpsS ]¶v h¿≤n-∏n-

°pI, ]pcp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-`m-h-ßsf ]p\-

cm-Jym\w sNøp-I, ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈ `mj ]p\¿hm-bn-°pI,

sXmgnepw amXr-Xzhpw tN¿∂v kvXo-

bpsS ÿm\w \n¿Æ-bn-°p-I, aX-]-c-

amb hnip-≤-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ kvXo Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv ]Tn-°pI XpS-ßn-

b-h-bm-Wv. sân-\nÃv ssIkvX-h-th-Z-

imkvXw Ign™ ImesØ hna¿i-_p-

≤n-tbmsS kao-]n-®p. ImcWw AXv

kvXoI-tfm-Sp≈ ]nXr-Zm-b-I-Xz-ta-[m-hn-

Xz-Nn-¥-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb k`bpw kwkvIm-

chpw BWv. kvXoI-fpsS hy‡n-Xzw,

ssZh-km-ZriyØn-ep≈ Ah-fpsS

krjvSn-]-cX ]h-N-\-]-¶m-fnØw A≤ym-

]-\w, t\XrXzw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v thZ-

]-chpw thtZ-X-c-hp-amb hi-ßƒ Is≠-

Øp-hm-\p≈ ia-ß-fmWv c≠m-aXv

sNbvX-Xv. BXy-¥n-I-ambn F√m thZ-

im-kvX-]-Tn-∏n-°epw kvXo]-£m-\p-`-h-

Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°p-hm≥

ian-®p. tdmkvtacn dqY¿, Fen-k-t_Øv

Fkvt^m-d≥kv, se‰n d ¬ F∂n-h¿

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ thZ-im-kvX-I-fn¬ Ipd®p-

t]¿ amX-amWv ""AXn¬ sblq-Z\pw

bh-\\pw F∂n√; Zmk\pw kzX-¥\pw

F∂n√: BWpw s]Æpw F∂p-an√;

\nßƒ F√m-hcpw InkvXp-tb-ip-hn¬

H∂tX. (Kem 3: 28)

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. Zfn-X-cpsS D∂-a-\-Øn\v Fs¥√mw

sNøm-sa-∂mWv ZfnXv thZ-im-kvX-

⁄-∑m-cpsS \n¿t±iw?

2. hnip≤ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ kvXo

Fß-s\-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂Xv F∂p N¿® sNøp-I.

3. sân-\n-k-Øns‚ KpW-tZm-j-ß

-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp Ah-tem-I\w \S-

ØpI.

4. Kem-Xy¿ 3:28 F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw

]k-‡-amtWm? N¿® sNøp-I.

129

A≤ymbw \mevv

kmºØnI-]-Xy-b-imkvXßƒ

apX-em-fnØwapX-em-fnØw As√-¶n¬ kz-X¥ hym-

]mc kºØv hy-hÿ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hn]Wn Bi-bn-®p-ff

D¬∏m-Z-\hpw D¬∏-∂-ßƒ kz-Im-cy DS-

a-ÿ-X-bn¬ D≠m-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kº-

XvL-S-\-bm-Wv. ]Sn-™m-d≥ cmP-y-ß-fn¬

Cu kºØv hyhÿ hf-¿® ]m]n-®Xv

hy-h-km-b hnπ-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.

D¬∏m-Z\ h¿≤-\hpw D¬∏mZ-I-cpsS

A[n-I-Xbpw apX-em-fnØ hy-h-ÿ-Xn-

bpsS ][m\ AS-bm-f-ß-fm-Wv. BUw

kvanØns‚ "sh¬Øv Hm^v t\j≥kv'

(1776)¬ ¢mkn-°¬ apX-em-fnØ ]Xyb-

im-kvX-sØ-°p-dn®v at\m-l-c-ambn hnh-

cn-®n-´p-≠v. apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ tIµ-

XXzw a’-c-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-ff D¬∏-∂-ß-

fpsS hne \nb-¥-W-am-Wv. apX-em-fnØ

]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXzw

Xs∂ G‰hpw A¿l-am-b-Xns‚ AXn-

Po-h-\-am-Wv.

AtKm-fo-I-c-W-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-

Øn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ BtKm-fo-I-cn-

°s∏-Sp-∂Xv apX-em-fnØ ]X-y-b-im-

kvXhpw kwkvIm-c-hp-am-Wv. em -Øns‚

Xew ]c-am-h-[n-bm-°pI F∂-XmWv

_lp-cm-jvS-I-º-\n-I-fpsS ][m\ Dt±iw.

Db¿∂ hn]-W\ km≤-y-X-bp-f-f-hsc

e£-y-am°n hnI-k-zc cmP-y-ß-fnepw

Ch¿ BUw-_c hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠p-

h-cp-∂p. `qcn-]-£-Øns‚ Bh-i-y-ßƒ

\n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ \yq-\-]-£-

Øns‚ B¿Øn ian-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-emWv

Ah-cpsS ][m\ Xm¬]-c-yw. ]e-hn-[-

amb DS-º-Sn-I-fn-eqsS Kh¨sa‚ns\

£oWn-∏n-°p-Ibpw XXv^-e-ambn kmaq-

ln-I-t£-a-Øn-\p-ff ]Xn-_-≤-X-bn¬

\n∂pw Ah¿ ]nt∂m°w t]mIp-I-bpw

sNøp-∂p. CXp-aqew ]e-t∏mgpw _lp-

cm-jvS-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ sNdnb hym-]mc

ÿm]-\-ß-tfbpw hy-hm-]-c-im-e-I-tfbpw

hngp-ßp-Ibpw Ah¿ IpØ-I-I-fmbn amdn

hne h¿≤-\-hn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

tkmj-y-enkw

tkmj-y-enkw F∂Xv ASn-ÿm-\-

]-c-ambn Hcp kºØv hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv.

CXv kmaq-lnI DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw As√-

¶n¬ D¬]m-Z-\-h-gn-Isf \nb-¥n-°p-∂p.-

k-º-XvL-S-\-bpsS kl-I-c-Wm-[o-jvTn-X-

amb \n¿∆-lWw \S-°p-∂p. Aßs\

kz¥w hc-hns‚ hnX-c-Whpw kmaq-lnI

\nb-¥-W-Øn-em-bn-Øo-cpw. Cu coXn

\n¿∆-ln-°p-hm-\p-ff cmjvSob-amb

]Xyb-im-kvX-amWv tkmj-y-en-kw.

Hcp cmjvSob ]ÿm\w F∂ \ne-

bn¬ ]e-hn-[-amb cmjvSo-b-X-X-z-im-kvX-

ß-fn¬ sNdnb ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ XpSßn

hfsc hnπ-h-I-c-amb Ne-\-ßƒ hsc

IS-∂p-h-cpw. B[p-\nI tkmj-y-enkw

Bcw-`n-®Xv 18˛mw \q‰m-≠nse _u≤n-

Ihpw sXmgn¬]-c-hp-amb Bfp-I-fpsS

cmjvSob ]ÿm\-am-bn-´m-Wv. CXv

130

hyh-km-bo-I-c-W-Øns‚bpw kaq-l-

Ønse kz-Im-c-y-k-z-Øns‚bpw Ah-

ÿsb hna¿in-®p. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

A¥-y-L-´-Ø-n¬ tkmj-y-enkw F∂Xv

apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn\v hn]-co-X-am-bXpw

kmaq-lnI kz-Ø-h-Im-i-Øn-\p-ff Hcp

FXn¿Ia-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. tkmj-y-en-Ãp-hm-

Zn-Iƒ D¬∏m-Z-\-Øns‚ tZi-km-XvI-c-W-

Øn\pw hnX-c-W-Øn\pw ]m[m-\yw

sImSp-Øp.

kmaq-lnI tkmj-y-enkw F∂Xv

cmjvSo-b-amb ]X-yb-im-kvX-am-Wv. CXv

apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂v tkmj-y-en-k-

Øn-te-°p-ff kam-[m-\-]-c-amb Hcp am‰-

am-Wv. CXv am¿IvknÃv kmaq-lnI

]Xyb-im-kvXsØ \ncm-I-cn-°p-I-bpw

\oXn-]q¿∆-amb Hcp kaqlw ÿm]n-°p-

hm-\p-ff cmjvSob \o°w \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. kmaq-lnI P\m-[n-]-Xyw Hcp

cmjvSob ]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Bcw-

`n®Xv 1870˛¬ P¿Ω-\n-bn-em-Wv. Ccp-

]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a≤-y-`m-K-tØmsS

kmaq-lnI P\m-[n-]-Xy Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ

hnhn[ cmP-y-ß-fn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬

h∂p. kmaq-lnI P\m-[n-]-X-y-Øn¬

kwÿm\ \nb-¥Ww kwÿm\ DS-a-

ÿ-X-bn-e-s√-¶nepw hnI-k-\hpw kmaq-

lnI \oXn-bpw Dd-∏m-°n.

C∂v ]e P\m-[n-]-Xy tkmj-y-enÃv

cmP-y-ß-fn¬ hnin-jy ]Sn-™m-d≥ bqtdm-

∏n¬ hy-h-km-b-ßƒ \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv

Hml-cn-°m-cpsS ]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw sXmgnem-

fn-Ifpw tN¿∂m-Wv. CXns\ hy-h-kmb

P\m-[n-]-Xyw F∂p ]d-bmw. Ccp-Iq- cpw

h-y-h-km-b-ß-fpsS hnPbw BK-ln-°p-

∂-h-cm-I-bm¬ CXv P\m-[n-]-X-y-]-c-amb

Hcp kwLm-S-IX-z -am-Wv. CXv tIµ

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ IqSp-X¬ \nb-¥-W-Øn-

e-√m-sX-bp-ff t\cn-´p-ff P\m-[n-]-Xy

coXn-bm-Wv. tSUv bqWn-b-\p-Ifpw

sXmgnem-fn-I-fpsS Iu¨knepw Ah-

cpsS Xm¬]-c-y-ß-fpsS IqSp-X¬ ]Xn-

\n-[o-I-cn°pw F∂-Xnepw kwi-b-an-√.

am¿Ivknkw

Imƒam¿Ivkpw sÛ-dnUv

FwK¬kpw hn`m-h\w sNbvX am¿Iv-

knkw ]kn-≤-amb ]X-y-bim-kvXhpw

kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI kn≤m-¥-hpamWv.

sNøp∂ sXmgn-ens‚ êw Ah¿°v

Bk-z-Zn-°p-hm-\p-ffXmsW-∂mWv am¿Iv-

knkw As√-¶n¬ IΩ-yq-Wnkw ]Tn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv. sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ Ah¿ sNøp∂

sXmgn-ens‚ êßƒ Ic-K-X-am-°p-

tºmƒ ]mh-s∏-´-h\pw ]W-°m-c\pw

XΩn-epff hnShv C√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw kmº-

ØnI th¿Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ amdp-Ibpw sNøpw.

am¿Ivknkv‰v kn≤m¥w hy-‡-am-°p-

∂Xv NcnX ]ptcm-K-a\w kwL¿j-ßfn-

eq-sS-bmWv F∂-tX. apX-em-fn-Ifpw DSa-

ÿcpw Zcn-Zcpw XΩn-ep-ff kwL¿jw

Hcp hn`-P-\m-Xo-X-amb kaqlw t\Sn-sb-

Sp-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-°pw. Aßs\ kº-

∂-sc∂pw Zcn-Z-sc∂pw hn`P-\-an-√mØ

Hcp kaq-l-am-bn -cn°pw AX-y-¥nI

e£-yw. am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Iƒ hni-z-kn-°p-∂Xv

apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂pw tkmj-y-en-k-

Øn-te-°p-ff am‰w a\p-j-y-k-aq-l-Øns‚

hf¿®bv°v A\n-hm-c-y-am-sW-∂-tX.

tkmj-y-enÃv kaqlw FXn¿i-‡n-bmb

apX-em-fn-Ø-tØ-°mƒ t`Z-am-sW∂v

am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Iƒ hni-z-kn-°p-∂p.

1883˛¬ am¿Ivkns‚ ac-W-tijw

temI-Ønse hnhn[ kwL-S-\-Ifpw

am¿Ivkn-ksØ Ah-cpsS cmjvSo-b-

Øns‚bpw cmP-y-\-b-Øns‚bpw ssk≤m-

¥nI ASn-ÿm-\-ambn AwKo-I-cn-®p.

Xmsg ]cm-a¿in°p∂ ]e cmP-y-ßfp-

sSbpw Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

Nne `mK-ß-fn¬ am¿Ivkn-k-tØmSv

131

tN¿∂p. A¬_m-\n-b, A vKm-\n-ÿm≥,

AwtKmf h\n≥, _ƒtK-dnb, Nnen,

ssN\, dnπ-ªn°v Hm v tImwtKm, Iyq_,

sNt°m-t…m-thm-Iy Ing-°≥ P¿Ω-\n,

FtX-ym-]-y, Kt\-Um, lwKdn emthmkv,

tamƒtUm-h, awtKm-fn-b, tamkmw-_n-Iv,

t\∏mƒ, \n°m-c-K-zm-h, hS-°≥ sImdnb,

t]mf≠v, sdmam-\n-b, dj-y, bp.-Fkv.-

Fkv.Bdpw AXns‚ dn]-ªn-°p-Ifpw,

sX°≥ sba≥, bqtKm-t…mhn-b, sh\n≥

k-z-e, hnb‰v\mw CXp-Iq-SmsX `mc-X-

Ønse kwÿm-\-ß-fmb tIc-fw,

Xn]p-c, ]Sn-™m-d≥ _wKmƒ XpS-ßnb

ÿe-ß-fn¬ am¿IvknÃv Kh¨sa‚p-

Iƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. ]t£ ]n∂o-Sp-

≠mb sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw

am‰-ßƒ h∂p. sh\o-k-z-e, \n°m¿

K-zm-h, Nnen, tamƒtUm-hm, mc-X-Øns‚

Xs∂ Nne ÿe-ßƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬

P\m-[n-]-Xy-coXn-bpw- _lp ]m¿ń sXc-

s™-Sp∏pw \S-°p-∂p.

am¿IvknÃv Bi-b-ßƒ sXmgn-em-

fn-I-fpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ henb tXmXn¬

]mtbm-KnIam°n-bXv dj-y-bn¬ hvfmUn-

a¿ se\ns‚ t\XrX-z-Øn-ep-≠mb 1917 se

HIvtSm-_¿ hnπ-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠mw

temI-a-lm-bp-≤sØ XpS¿∂v am¿Iv-knÃv

]X-y-b-imkvXw an°-hmdpw tkmhn-b‰v

]´m-f-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-tØmsS temI-

saßpw hnπ-hm-flI IΩ-yq-WnÃv ]m¿ń-

bpsS Db¿®bv°v km£-y-am-bn. Nne¿°v

BX-y-¥n-I-ambn A[n-Imcw t\Sp-hm\pw

Ah-c-h-cpsS CwKn-X-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v

am¿IvknÃv Ah-ÿsb kwPm-X-am-°p-

hm\pw km[n-®p. kz-¥-ambn A[n-Im-c-

Øn-te-dnb ]e am¿IvknÃv cmPy-ßfpw

HSp-hn¬ Ipan-™p-Iq-Snb kºXv hy-h-

ÿ-bpsS tk—m-[n-]-Xy kz-`m-h-ap-≈

`cW-kw-hn-[m-\-am-bn. bYm¿∞-Øn¬

am¿Ivknkw ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-I-bmtWm

AtXm bYm¿∞ am¿Ivkn-k-Øn¬

\n∂v AI∂v cmPyw `cn-°p-I-bmtWm

F∂ kwhm-Z-Øn\v Xs∂ hgn Xpd∂p.

1991˛¬ tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-b≥ Xs∂

NnX-d-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]pXnb dj-ybpw AXn-

t\mSv tN¿∂p-≈ dn∏-ªn-°p-Ifpw am¿Iv-

kn-k-hp-ambn tN¿∂v XmZmfl-y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

Ah-km-\n-°pIbpw sNbvXp. temI-

Øns‚ ]e- m-K-ß-fn-ep-apff cmP-y-ß-fn¬

CXv kw -hn-®p. AtXm-Sp-IqsS hnπ-h-Ic-

amb am¿Ivknkw As√-¶n¬ IΩ-yq-

Wnkw s]mXpth temI cmjvSo-b-

Ønse ap≥]-¥n-bn-ep≈ cmjvSob

i‡n F∂ \ne Ah-km-\n-®p. AXns‚

ÿm\Øv P\m-[n-]-X-y-]-c-amb tkmj-y-

enkw As√-¶n¬ s]mXpth ]d-™m¬

]pXnb en_-d¬ apX-em-fnØw ÿm\w

]nSn-®p. ]cn-ÿnXn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚

hf¿®-bp-ambn am¿Ivknkw tN¿∂p.

ssk≤m-¥n-I¿ am¿Ivkn-kw, tkmj-y-

enkw, ]cn-ÿnXn hn⁄m\w, ]cn-

ÿnXn kwc-£W ]ÿm\w F∂nh-

tbmSv tN¿∂p-ff ]X-y-b-im-kvXsØ

]cn-ÿnXn tkmj-y-enkw F∂p ]d-

™p. Ncn-X-]-c-ambn IΩ-yq-WnÃv Kh -

sa‚p-I-fpsS kz-`mh ]tX-y-IX Fs¥-

∂m¬ Bkq-XnX kºØv LS-\-bn¬

Dev]m-Z-\-hn-`-h-ßƒ cmP-y-Øns‚ DS-a-

ÿ-X-bn¬ B°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈

`q]-cn-jv°-I-c-Whpw hy-h-km-b-ß-fpsS

tZi-km-XvI-c-Whpw kºXvhy-h-ÿ-

bpsS ]p\-I-ao-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-ff

]N-c-W-hp-am-Wv.

kº-Øns‚thZ-im-kvX-Øn-te°v

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-en-eqsS

kphn-ti-j-ßfn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-cn-

°p-∂Xv Zcn-Z¿°pw Ah-i-y-°m¿°pw

[\w ]¶n-Sp-hm-\m-Wv. BX-y-¥n-I-ambn

132

DS-a-ÿ≥ ssZh-am-sW∂pw ]m¿i-z-h-XvI-

cn-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS Bhiyß-tfm-Sp XmZm-

fl-y-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂pw kphn-

tij-Øn¬ Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ].

tPm¨ Intkm-Ãw, sk‚ v t_kn¬

XpS-ßnb ]mNo-\-Ime ssIkvXh

FgpØp-Imcpw B[p-\nI Ime thZ-im-

kvX-⁄-∑m-cmb A`n-h-µy ]utemkv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv, A`n-h-µy Koh-dp-

Kokv am¿ HkvXmØn-tbmkv F∂n-hcpw

hfsc i‡-ambn hni-zm-khpw kmaq-

lnI \oXnbpw XΩn-ep-ff _‘w Du∂n

]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. hni-zm-khpw kphn-ti-

jhpw \jvS-s∏-SmsX ssIkvX-h¿

hna¿i\ _p≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]X-y-b-

imkvX-ß-fpsS aqe-y-\n¿Æbw \SØn

\oXnbpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap-ff kaq-l-Øn-

\mbn Iq´mbn bXv\n-t°≠Xm-Wv.

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

1. tkmjy-enkw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-

°p-∂-sX¥v?

2. HIvtSm-_¿ hnπ-h-Øns‚ ]k‡n

F¥v?

3. kº-Øns‚ hn\n-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-

®p≈ A`n. KohdpKokv am¿ HkvXm-

Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Bi-b-

ßƒ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I.

4. am¿Ivkn-khpw InkvXo-b-Xbpw

XΩn¬ Hcp Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w \S-ØpI.

Documents

]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b≥ k¨tU-kvIqƒ At m-kn-tb-j≥ · 2 AN OSSAE PUBLICATION Sunday School Padavali-X1 First Edition April 2012 Second Edition December 2013 Copies 6,000