Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Fuji Electric Instruments Co., Ltd.

International Sales Department

Fuji ElectricUltrasonic Flowmeters

Contents

Ⅰ)Why use the USF?

Ⅱ)Who needs USF?

Ⅲ)What’s unique in Fuji Electric USF?

Ⅰ ） Why use the USF?

1) Benefits of a NONINTRUSIVE sensor (CLAMP-ON MOUNTING)

① Cost saving ② Easy Maintenance (No Moving Parts) ③ No Pressure Loss ④ No Plugging / Clogging ⑤ No Corrosion ⑥ No Leakage

IDEAL SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS OF ORDINARYINTRUSIVE/SPOOL PIECE TYPE OF FLOWMETERS.Differential Pressure, Magnetic Flow, Turbine, Coriolis & etc.


2) Wide Operating Conditions (More than your expectations)

① Temperature : -40 ～ +200℃ ② Pipe Diameter : φ13mm ～ φ6000mm ③ Flow Velocity : 0.3 ～ 32m/s (High Turndown Ratio) ④ Measured Fluid : Any sound conductive fluids

even with bubbles. ⑤ Accuracy : ±0.5 to 1% ⑥ Response Speed : 0.5sec.

Superior points of USF Type of Flowmeter

1 Wide Temperature: -40℃～ +200℃ Magnetic Flow: -10℃～ +120℃

2 High Turndown Ratio: 100:1 DP: 40:1, Turbine: 25:1, Par shall Flume: 20:1

3 Max. Velocity: 32m/s Magnetic Flow: Maximum 10m/s

4 No Pressure Loss, No Clogging, No Plugging. Easy maintenance, No corrosion, (No moving parts)

DP, Coriolis, Vortex, Turbine

5 Stable Ownership cost No piping,

Magnetic Flow, DP, Sharp rise in cost overφ 250mm

6 Pure Water: No problem Magnetic Flow Fluid Without Conductivity → No chance

7 Total Accuracy: 0.5 to 1% DP: 3%

Ⅰ ） Why use the USF?3) Check if your flowmeter currently on line was really the right choice!

- COMPARISON VS RIVALS -

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

25mm50mm

80mm

125mm

200mm

300mm

400mm

500mm

700mm

900mm

1200mm

Φ（）

(US

$)

MAGFLOWUFM


Ⅰ-3) 5 Cost Comparison

Ⅱ ） Who needs USF?

1) Expanding Demands by 11% /year through 2001(Forecasted by ARC, USA)

Government Regulation requires Reporting the amount of Discharged fluid from Plants. (Especially sharp rise in Chemical + Refining+ Waste water)

Improving Efficiency of Plant Operation needs Measuring Flow rate of the Process which is not measured currently.


NorthAmerica

34%

Europe31%

J apan14%

Asia14%

Rest ofWorld

7%

(Annual GrowthRate to 2001: 11% )

1996: US$164.2 Million

Ⅱ-1) Ultrasonic Flowmeter Worldwide Outlook


2) Applications

① Water /Waste Water INDUSTRYWater purifying plant, Pumping Stations,

② Manufacturing Process Monitoring Food, Chemical, Semiconductor, Pulp + PaperCement, Glass, Ceramic etc.

③ Dam, Swimming Pool ④ Building maintenance


3.9

3.7

254.2

1.3

3

7.5

9.5

1.4

11.1

10.419.1

0 5 10 15 20 25

Other

Sewer Monitoring

Influent & Effluent

Check Metering

CEM

Stack Monitoring

Custody Transfer

Utilities

Leak Detection

Nonconductive Liquids

Process Control

Process Monitoring

(%)

1996: Total 36,900 units

Ⅱ-2) Shipments Worldwide by Application


6.2

3.8

36.8

7

1.1

5.7

2.6

5.8

13.3

10.2

7.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Other

District Heating

Water & Wastewater

Power

Metals & Mining

Pulp & Paper

Pharmaceutical

Food & Beverage

Chemical

Refining

Oil & Gas

(%)

1996: US$164.2 Million

Ⅱ-2) Shipments Worldwide by Industry

Ⅲ ） What’s Unique in Fuji’s USF

1) Full range line-up covering;

① Fixed Type for monitoring & control (Model: FLV/W-2) ② Fixed Multi-channel (Model: FLH-3) ③ Portable type for checking (Model: FLC/D) ④ Open Channel (Model: FLH/X)

Ⅲ ） What’s Unique in Fuji’s USFⅢ-1) Fuji’s USF Family

Time Delta Ⅱ(FLV/W)

Portaflow-X(FLC/D)

Open Channel(FLH/X)Multi Channel

(FLH-3)


2) Superior Measurement Performance by High Speed Digital Signal Processing

(MPU: DSP-Digital Signal Processor- Texas Instruments 32bit)

① Basic Principle = Transit Time ② High Accuracy and Quick Response (0.5%, 0.5sec) ③ Broad Measuring Range (0.3 ～ 32m/s) ④ Real time Auto Temp./Press Compensation ⑤ Auto Calculation for unknown sonic velocity ⑥ Advanced Anti Bubble Measurement (Up to 12% vol.)

Ⅲ ） What’s Unique in Fuji’s USFⅢ-2) Basic Principle = Transit Time Type ①

Clamp-on sensors Transit time difference system Principle expression:

　　　 π 　　１ D 　 ΔT Q = ─D2 ・─・────　────　　　４　　Ｋ sin2θf 　　 (T0-τ)2

Upstream Sensor

Oscillator WedgePipe

θfDQ

τ/2 τ/2

T1

T2

DownstreamSensor

Cross-sectional area

Average velocityon cross section

Average velocityon propagation path

• Q : Flowrate• D : Inner pipe diameter• K : Conversion factor

of average velocity• θf: Incident angle into liquid

• T1, T2 : Transit time• T0 : Transit time between sensors

when flow is at rest( (T≒ 1+ T2 )/2)

• τ : Transit time in pipe walls and sensors

ΔT=T2 － T1

(Note)Ultrasonic waves are carried with the motion of fluid.


Reynolds number :Non-dimensional figure to determine flow profile

V ・ DRe = ── ν

Conversion factor of average velocity :– Turbulent flow (Re 5000)≧

2n+1K = ─── n = 2.1 log Re-1.9 2n ,

– Laminar flow (Re 2300)≦ ４

K = ─ ３

(Note)Enough straight pipe length should be taken

so that the turbulent flow can be well developed

V : Average velocityD : Inner diameterν: Kinematic viscosity

1.4

102

1.3

1.2

1.1

103 104 105 106

Flow Profile Compensation

Turbulent flow(trapezoidal)

Laminar flow(parabolic)

K

Laminar flow

Transition region

Turbulent flow

Re1

Flow profile :


-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 25 50 100

FLC

Product C

Flow (%)

Ac

cu

rac

y(%

of

rate

)

Ⅲ-2) High Accuracy and Quick Response (0.5%, 0.5sec) ②

Flow(%) Standard Output(%) Accuracy (% of rate)FMQ FLC Product C FLC Product C

0 0.06 -0.01 0.06 -0.01 0.065 5.18 5.17 5.82 -0.19 12.36

10 10.17 10.13 10.84 -0.39 6.5925 24.60 24.62 24.46 0.08 -0.5750 50.41 50.42 51.04 0.02 1.25

100 95.91 95.93 98.74 0.02 2.95

Pipe :Φ80Pipe material :SGPRange :0-2m/s

Comparison Test Data in Actual Flow


Principle expression:

　　 πD2 1 D 　 ΔT Q = ── 　─　────　──── 4 Ｋ sin2θf 　　 (T0-τ)2

　　 πD2 1 Cf 　 ΔT 　 = 4 Ｋ 2 sinθf 　　 T0-τ

(Cf: Sound velocity in measured liquid) Compensation for liquid temp./pressure change

– Physical phenomena:

– Real time compensation (applied for patent)

Calculation of propagation path and fluid sound velocity every output cycle

Ⅲ-2) Real time Auto Temp./Press Compensation ④Upstream Sensor

Pipe

θfD Q

τ/2 τ/2

T1

T2

DownstreamSensor

Cf

Effect of temp./pressure change

Fluid temperaturepressure change

Change of Cf

Change of θf & τ Output change

Measured values T1 & T2

Succesive calculation of Cf , θf & τ Compensated output

Sound Velocity of Water

Sound velocity vs. Water temperature( extracted from Steam Tables )

(Note)

In general, the dependence of

sound velocity to fluid temp. and/or

pressure is not well known except

for a few liquids, such as water and

sea water.


- 2

- 1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 50 100 150 200

Ti me(mi n)

Error (% of Rate)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Temp

.(℃)FLC

Product CTEMP.

Ⅲ-2) Real time Auto Temp./Press Compensation ④Comparison Test Data for Temperature Effect


Digital sampling of received signals :

– Ultrasonic oscillator ････ 2MHz for small sensor1MHz for large sensor

– Sampling rate ･･････････ 16MHz Synchronized summation of received signals :

– Normal propagation

– Interrupted propagation

Received signal :

t

v

Received signal :

Digital data of received signals :

t

v

In case of analog system measurement failure will occur

t

vEnough level can be achieved for signal processing.

Summed 128 or 256 times for one output

flowbubble

flow bubble

Nothing!

Ⅲ-2) Advanced Anti Bubble Measurement (Upto 12% vol.) ⑥


RESULTS OF BUBBLE IMMERSION TEST (New Time Delta UFM)

1.20.4 0.03 0.02 0.02

12.0

7.0

4.0

1.5 1.00

2

4

6

8

10

12

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0Flow Velocity (m/s)

Permissible Air Volume-rate

(vol%)

Traditional type

New type

Ⅲ-2) Advanced Anti Bubble Measurement (Up to 12% Volume) ⑥

New Ultrasonic Flowmeter -Comparison-

MANUFACTURER FUJ I ELECTRIC PANAMETRICS CONTROLOTRON

ITEM FLC/ FLD Model PT808 System 1010WP

Pipe diameter(mm) φ 13 to φ 6,000 φ 25 to φ 5,000 φ 50 to φ 9,000

Fluid Standard sensor - 40℃ to 100℃ - 40℃ to 100℃ - 40℃ to 120℃

temperature High temperature sensor - 40℃ to 200℃ - 200℃ to 260℃ - 60℃ to 230℃

Accuracy 0.5 to 1% of rate 2% of rate 1% to 2% of rate

Flow velocity range 0 to ± 32 m/ sec ±0.03 to ±12 m/ sec ±0.03 to ±12 m/ sec

Analog output 4 to 20 mADC×１ 4 to 20 mADC× １ 4 to 20 mADC×2

Analog input 4 to 20 mADC×１ 4 to 20 mADC× 2 4 to 20 mADC× 2

Response time 1 sec 5 sec -

Printer Thermal dot printer(option) - -

Communication RS- 232C RS- 232C RS- 232C

Indicator Graphic LCD Graphic LCD Gaphic LCD

with back light

Data memory 20 locations 20 locations

40,000 data 40,000 data 100,000 data

Enclosure Indoor application Indoor application Outdoor application

Power supply Battery ( 5 Hr ) Battery ( 8 Hr ) Battery ( 8 Hr )

90 to 264 VAC 100/ 120/ 200/ 260VAC 90 to 130/ 230 VAC

10 to 30 VDC 10 to 28 VDC 11 to 30 VDC

Dimension in mm 240*127*70 230*125*60 216*271*177

Weight 1.5 kg 1. kg０ 3.6 kg

Others Thickness gauge(option)

PORTABLE TYPE

FIXED INSTALLATION TYPE

MANUFACTURER FUJ I ELECTRIC PANAMETRICS CONTROLOTRON

ITEM NEW TYPE(FLV2) DF868 System 990N

Pipe diameter(mm) φ 50 to φ 6,000 φ 25 to φ 5,000 φ 6 to φ 9,000

Fluid Standard sensor -40℃ to 80℃ -40℃ 100℃～ -40℃ 120℃～

temperature High temperature sensor -40℃ to 200℃ -190℃ 260℃～ -60℃ 230℃～

Accuracy 0.5 to 1.0% of rate 2% of rate 1% to 2% of rate

Velocity range 0 to ± 32 m/ sec ± 0.03 to ±12 m/ sec ± 0.03 to ±12 m/ sec

Analog output 4 to 20 mADC× 1 4 to 20 mADC× １ 4 to 20 mADC× １

Digtal output 2 points(Open collector)

Response time 0.5 sec - －

Communication RS-232C(OPTION) RS-232C RS-232C

Indicator LCD, 16 letters 2 lines Gaphic LCD Gaphic LCD

with backlight with back light

Enclosure IP67(NEMA4X) NEMA ４ NEMA ４

Power supply 90 to 264 VAC 100/ 120/ 200/ 260VAC 100/ 120/ 200/ 260VAC

20 to 30 VDC 10 to 28 VDC 9 to 36 VDC

Dimension in mm 277*244*95 362*290*130 267*229*330

Weight 4.5 kg 5.0 kg 5.8 kg

New Ultrasonic Flowmeter -Comparison-

COMMON FEATURES FUJI USF SERIES

• High accuracy and quick response

• Compact and Light-weight

• Excellent air bubble resistance (Advanced ABM system)

• Excellent temperature characteristics (New sound velocity measurement)

OFFERED BY 32BIT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR

Wet Calibration

1. Weighing Method

2. Volumetric Method

3. Comparative Method

Wet Calibration

• Measure the Mass of Water Flowed into Primary Weighing Tank for certain period.

• Compare the Indication of USF and Mass of Water.

Weighing Method

Primary Volumetric Tank

Water

Upper Tank

Stop Valve

ThermometerUSF to be calibrated

Wet Calibration

• Measure the Level of Water Flowed into Primary Volumetric Tank for certain period.

• Compare the Indication of USF and Volume of Water.

Volumetric Method

Level Meter

Water

Upper Tank

Stop Valve

ThermometerUSF to be calibrated

Primary Volumetric Tank

Wet Calibration

• Measure the Flow Rate by Primary Flowmeter for reference.

• Compare the Indication of USF and the Primary Flowmeter

Comparative Method

USF to be calibrated

Primary Flowmeter

Stop Valve

Wet Calibration

• Volumetric Method with 2.5 to 300mm Φ pipes (1 to 12 inch Φ) with Primary Tank inspected by Japanese

Authority of Measurement.• Comparative Method

with Electromagnetic Flowmeter calibrated within ±0.2% FS.

• For Larger bore pipes than 300mm Dry Calibration based on the Wet Calibration for

300mm pipe according to Japanese Standard JEMIS032.

Fuji’s USF Calibrated (upon request) by

The End

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Ultrasonic Flowmeters