UML Chuong 5 Bieudolopbieudodoituong

8/9/2019 UML Chuong 5 Bieudolopbieudodoituong

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Chng 4

Biu lp v biui tng

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Ni dung

Biu din Lp v i tng Biu din quan h (relationship) Xy dng M hnh

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9 Biu

1. Biu Use case (Use Case Diagram)2. Biu lp (Class Diagram)3. Biu i tng (Object Diagram)4. Biu trng thi (State Diagram)5. Biu trnh t(Sequence Diagram)6. Biu cng tc (Collaboration Diagram)7. Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram)

8. Biu thnh phn (Component Diagram)9. Biu trin khai (Deployment Diagram)

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Biu lp v i tng


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Lp v i tng

Mt i tng biu din cho mt thc th c th lthc thvt l, khi nim hay l phn mm

Mt i tng l mt khi nim, stru tng haymt vt m c ranh gii r rng, v c ngha r rtcho mt ng dng

Mt lp l mt m t cho mt nhm cc i tngc chung thuc tnh, ng x, mi quan h v ngngha (semantic).

Lp l mt khun mu to ra i tng Mi i tng trong mt h thng u c ba c

tnh: trng thi, ng xv danh nh.UML/NN 6

Trng thi (state)

Trng thi ca mt i tng l mt trongnhng tnh trng m i tng c thtn titrong mi trng.

Trng thi ca mt i tng thng s thayi theo thi gian, trng thi ca i tngthng c c gn vi thi im.

Trng thi ca mt i tng c xc nhqua mt tp cc thuc tnh, v mi quan hvi cc i tng khc.

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Hnh vi (Behaviour) v Danh nh (Identity)

Hnh vi xc nh mt i tng tc ng vp ng vi cc yu cu tcc i tngkhc, n tiu biu cho nhng g m itng ny c th lm. ng xc thc thiqua lot cc Phng thc (Operation) cai tng

Danh nh dng phn bit gia cc itng ngay c khi n c cng trng thi vgi tr cc thuc tnh

UML/NN 8

Biu tng lp i tng

Mt biu tng lp l mt hnh chnht vi 3 phn Mt biu lp miu t hng nhn tnh ca mt

h thng bng cc khi nim lp v mi quan hgia chng vi nhau

i tng biu din bng mt hnh chnht vitn gch di


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Tn lp v thuc tnh

Tn lp (class name): Hu nhtn lp trngvi tn i tng thgii thc m n biudin

Thuc tnh (attribute): Thuc tnh miu t nhng c trng ca i

tng Gi tr ca thuc tnh thng l nhng dng d

liu n gin c a phn cc ngn ng lptrnh h tr nhInteger, Boolean, Floats, Char

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Thuc tnh

Nu thuc tnh c tnh kh kin l cng cng (public),th n c thc nhn thy v sdng ngoi lp

Nu thuc tnh c tnh kh kin l ring (private), bns khng thtruy cp n tbn ngoi lp

Nu thuc tnh c tnh kh kin l bo v (protected) thcng ging nhthuc tnh c tnh kh kin l ringnhng c tha kbi cc lp dn xut

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Phng thc (method)

Phng thc c sdng x l thay icc thuc tnh cng nhthc hin cc cngvic khc

Du cng v trtng tnhthuc tnh

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Ni dung

Biu din Lp v i tng Biu din quan h (relationship) Xy dng M hnh


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Quan h (relationship)

Kt hp (Association) Kt tp (aggregation) Composition (kt cu) Ph thuc (Dependency) Chuyn bit v tng qut ha

(Specialization/Generalization)

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Kt hp (Association)

Professor University

Professor UniversityWorks for

Class

Association Name

Role Names

EmployerEmployee

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Nhng rng buc ca kt hp

Mt kt hp phi c mt tn t bn trn hay kvi ng lin h

Tn ca kt hp phi phn nh ni dung, l cmng t, tn c thb qua c bit khi tn vai trca n c dng, trnh dng tn khng cngthm thng tin

Mi u ca kt hp l mt vai tr (role) ch ra vaitr ca lp trong kt hp, tn vai tr phi l duynht ng vi mt lp, tn vai tr phi l mt danhtt cui ng kt hp

Chn mt trong hai: tn kt hp hay tn vai tr

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Kt hp qui

Tn vai tr l bt buc


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Xc nh bao nhiu i tng tham gia kthp

One or more

Lng s(Multiplicity)

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Student Schedule

Navigation

Multiplicity

0..*1

Chiu (Navigation)

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Kt tp (aggregation)

Kt tp l quan h gia ton b v b phn Mt i tng c to tnhng i tng khc c tnh

vt l Mt i tng l tp hp ca nhng i tng khc c

tnh logic

Mt i tng cha nhng i tng khc c tnh vt l

Student Schedule

Aggregation

Whole

Part

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Composition (kt cu)

Kt cu l mt dng ca kt tp, thi gian sng cai tng b phn khng vt qu thi gian sngca i tng ton b

Khi ton b b xa th b phn cng b xa B phn c thb xa trc khi ton b b xa

Student Schedule

Aggregation

Whole Part


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Aggregation v composition

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Mt bin i trn mt thnh phn s gy ra sbini trong thnh phn khc

Ph thuc (Dependency)

Client Supplier

Package

Clien tPackage Suppl ie rPackage

Client Supplier

Class

Dependency

relationship

Dependency

relationship

Component

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Specialization/Generalization

Chuyn bit ha(/tng qut ha): l qu trnhtinh chmt lp thnh nhng lp chuyn bit hn.Chuyn bit ha bsung thm chi tit v c tcho lp kt qu. Lp mang tnh khi qut c gil lp cha (superclass), kt qu chuyn bit hal vic to ra cc lp con (Subclass).

Tng qut ha v chuyn bit lin quan ti Thak(Inheritance) Lp con tha kattributes, operations, v relationships Lp con c th:

Cng thm attributes, operations, relationships Xc nh li tc vc tha k(caution!)

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Tha k(Inheritance) v tng qut ha


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Account

balancenamenumber

Withdraw()CreateStatement()

Checking

Withdraw()

Savings

GetInterest()Withdraw()

Superclass

(parent)

Subclasses

Generalization

Relationship

Ancestor

Descendents

Tha kn

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Airplane Helicopter Wolf Horse

FlyingThing Animal

Bird

multiple

inheritance

Use multiple inheritance only when needed, and

always with caution !

a tha k

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Truck

tonnage

GroundVehicle

weight

licenseNumber

Car

owner

register( )

getTax( )

Person

0..*

Trailer

1Superclass

(parent)

Subclass

generalization

size

V d

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Rng buc

Cho php cng thm ngngha mi Rng buc l mt String ng trong ngoc nhnt gn thnh phn m n p dng

Dng quan h ph thuc nu c nhiu thnh phnm rng buc p dng

Member

Deparment Head

Professor Department

{Subset}


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4 loi Rng buc

Disjoint

Overlapping

Complete

Incomplete

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Tha kv tng qut ha

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Ch thch

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Ni dung

Biu din Lp v i tng Biu din quan h (relationship) gia cc lp Xy dng M hnh


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Biu lp (class diagram)

c lp vi ngn ng Nhng k hiu cho php c t lp, d liu

hay thuc tnh ca chng (private) vphng thc (method), stha k

Nhng sa ra nhng hnh nh v quanh cu trc v nhng ng xv chc nngca cc lp

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Mc ch ca biu lp Lm ti liu cho cc lp cu thnh h thng v h thng

con

M t kt hp, tng qut ha v cc quan h kt tp giacc lp trong biu

Ch r c trng ca lp, cc thuc tnh v tc v chnh cami lp

Biu lp c dng khp ni trong chu trnh pht trin,tbi ton n m hnh ci t

T liu v cch tng tc vi vi cc thvin lp c trc Chr cc thhin i tng c thbn trong cu trc lp Ch r cc giao din c cc lp h tr

UML/NN 35

Xc nh lp

Nhng danh ttrong min vn Kin thc min Cc User case

Nhng thc thvt l Nhng thit b Nhng skin Nhng vai tr Nhng th tc hot ng Nhng v tr (site) Nhng n v thuc tchc

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Xc nh lp

Xc nh t Nhng yu cu Use case

Nhng chuyn gia ng dng Nghin cu h thng

Nghin cu thm Nhng h thng tng t

Nhng h thng trc


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Cc lp dtuyn (*)

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Phng php tip cn

Top-down: cc lp cha c xc nh bi ccnh phn tch ri xem xt cu trc tng quta ra cc lp con, hng tip cn nyda ch yu vo kinh nghim ca nhng nhphn tch

Bottom-up: tm kim cc trch nhim cchia s, pht trin cu trc tng qut tthaotc v cc thuc tnh chung

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Pht trin phn cp lp

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Pht trin phn cp lp


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VD Supermarket

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Company

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Biu i tng

ClassDiagram

InstanceDiagram


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Biu i tng

Captures Instances and Links

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Bi tp

Books and journals The library contains booksand journals. It may have several copies of a givenbook.

Some of the books are for short term loans only. Allother books may be borrowed by any librarymember for three weeks. Members of the librarycan normally borrow up to six items at a time, butmembers of staff may borrow up to 12 items at onetime. Only members of staff may borrow journals.

Borrowing The system must keep track of whenbooks and journals are borrowed and returned,enforcing the rules described above.

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Documents

UML Chuong 5 Bieudolopbieudodoituong