umm_339.pdf

..

2001

. .

24.01.00

2001

629.4.016.12 (075) 76

, .

2. 105-95 .

: .. , , . : .. , , (), 2001

. 4 .. 7 1 , .

11

2 , ... 12 2.1 12 2.2 14 2.3 ......

15

2.4 - ( )...

17

3 .. 18 4 ( ) ...

20

5 ( )...

24

6 V(S) t(S) ..

27

7 .... 28

7.1 VT, V ..

28

7.2 .

29

8 .. 30 8.1 .... 30 8.2 ... 31 .. 33

. . .

, . , , /1 6/ .

. , , . .

. () /1/ , . : 1 = 9,81 , 1 = 9,81 .

/1/:

50 ; , ( ,

, ) 500 ; ()

; /

; ( )

, ( ) ;

/ ;

; /104

/104 .

2.105-95 , :

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, . ;

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.

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: 1 ,

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, ( ). 5 . 6

( ) . 7

.

8 V(S) t(S); , .

9 t(S).

10 .

, :

( 1) ; ( 3)

. 2,

4.

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -

( ), %:

-

14

5

6

17

8

9

10

11

12

13

-

86

95

94

83

92

91

90

89

88

87

, : - 154 156 158 160 162 154 156 158 160 162 - 82 80 78 76 74 74 76 78 80 82

, / 90

2

F,

V, /

m,

V, /

F,

-

l,

2116 506 24,2 276 100 813 36 3 404 20,5 254 100 582 34

- 310 759 23,4 414 100 960 51 210 506 23,4 276 100 813 34

2121 657 24,0 300 100 942 43 8 465 43,3 184 100 607 28

- 10 460 46,7 184 100 626 33 311 690 46,7 276 100 939 50

60 368 43,5 138 100 497 21 80 512 43,5 192 110 691 33

3 m

-

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 m 4300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 4900 5000 5100 5200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m 4300 5400 4500 6300 3700 3800 4900 5000 5100 5200 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 m 5300 4400 4500 6400 4700 4800 4900 5000 5100 6200 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 m 5300 4400 4500 4600 7700 4800 4900 5000 5100 6200 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 m 5300 4400 5400 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 5100 6200 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 m 5300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 5100 7200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 m 5300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 5800 5000 6100 7200 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 m 6300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5800 6000 6100 7200 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 m 6300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 6900 6000 7100 8200 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 m 7300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 8200 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

4 , 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

, , , , , , , , , , R S R S R S R S R S .

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 . 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 .

1150 900 1600 1200 600 4800 1900 1200 600 1800 1050 1000 4500 900 300 500 5000 1200 800 700 1250

+2,5 0,0 -2,0 0,0

+1,5 +9,0 -4,0 +9,0 -2,0

+11,0 -2,0 0,0

+4,0 -11,0 +4,3 +3,0 -9,0 -1,0 +5,0 0,0

+1,5

1000

700

900

800

700

600

350

500

500

400

+2,0 -1,0 -2,0 +1,0 +3,0 +8,0 -3,0 -1,0 -2,0

+10,0 -2,0 +1,0 +3,0 -10,0 +4,0 +3,0 -8,0 -2,0 +3,0 0,0

+1,5

800

900

700

210

150

500

100

600

500

500

+1,5 -2,0 -4,0 0,0

+3,0 -7,0 -3,0 -9,0 +6,0 +4,0 -1,0 +5,0 +7,0 -2,0 0,0 -4,0 -1,0 +9,0 0,0

+1,0 +2,0

2100

900

1800

1400

900

700

600

900

800

400

-2,5 +1,5 +6,0 -9,0 +4,0 -6,0 +4,0 -8,0 +4,0 +3,0 0,0

+2,0 +6,0 -2,0 -4,0 +3,0 +2,0 +9,0 -3,0 -5,0 +1,0

800 1200

2000

1800

2100

100 600

100

900

900

-1,0 +4,0 +6,0 -7,0 -4,0 -7,0 -3,0 +5,0 +3,0 +10,0 +1,0 0,0 -5,0 0,0

+3,0 +4,0 +8,0 +4,0 -8,0 -4,0 +2,0

900

600

800

1400

1200

300

600

450

300

500

. 0, 2, 4, 6 8 . . ; 1, 3, 5, 7 9 . . ( ).

1 ,

, ..

, . , (, ), , . , , , . .

2 ,

2.1 , ,

m , /1/. .

F = mc g(wo + ip)+m g(wo + ip), (1)

g , g = 9,81 /2; m , ;

wo wo , /;

i , . p

i = i + i , (2)

i , ; i , .

iR

SS= 700 , (3)

R , ; S , ; S , .

( ) /1/

20 0003,001,09,1 VVw ++= , (4)

V , /.

/1/:

4 -

04

2

040025,01,037,0

mVVw +++= ; (5)

8 -

08

2

080021,0038,067,0

mVVw +++= , (6)

m04, m08 , 4 - 8 - ( ).

, ,

100

"044

"088

0wpwpw += , (7)

p8, p4 ( ) 8 - 4 - (. 1).

(1) (7) F , V ( (4) (6) V) m . . () F V 23 / m 270 , - V 42 /, m 190 (1)

F. F (. 2) , .

() (1) (7), .

F = (1,0 - 1,05) F. (8)

, . .

2.2 ,

, , - .

, , , , . , V V S S .

p Swf

VVS

= )(17,422

, (9)

wf V V ,

gmmgmiwgmiwF

wf

+

++=)(

)()( 00, (10)

i , ; F

V V, .

F , /1/ ( ).

. 0w 0w : V = 75 80 /,

V = 80 90 /, . V V 2 3 .

(9) S S, , , , . , ( , , 100 ) , , . , S S .

2.3

Pgiw

Fm

+= )( , (11)

, ; F

i () ( ), ;

w , /,

www 8844 += . (12)

ww 84 ,

4 8 , /;

84 , ( !) 4 8 (. 1).

728

0 +=

mw . (13)

, ,

, ..

. ,

, , .

m

cm

cmm

2.4 ( )

,

, .

100i

ci

mmn = , (14)

(. 1), . m

10

l = n l + l i i +10, (15)

l , ; li , .

, 8 - 20 , 4 - - 15 .

3

S, . , : ; , .

C

jj

n

nnc S

SiSSS

SiSiSii =+++ +++= ......21 2211 , (16)

i , i , ... i , ; n1 2 S1, S , ... S , . n2

- , /1 3/

,2000i

S j (17)

S , ; ji

, .

, . (17), .

,

= n

cc R

SS

i1

700. (18)

ic = i + i . (19) c"

c

5.

5

iS iS, i, R, S ,

,

c, ci , c,

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 4 6 5

7 6

,

( ), ( ).

ci

ci . .

() , , .

, .

4 ( )

6, ( ) :

- w0 ; ( ) - w0; : w0+0,5 w0 + .

6 0 V 10 / (1 ). , , ; .

0w

0w 0w

. , 4 5 /1/.

6 - 9 6.

4 .

6 .

(4).

10 /

(5)-( 7). V=0 ( ) , (12).

w

6 ( )

.................; m+ m =.........................

V

,

/

F

,

w

0

,

/

W

0

=

w

0

m

g

,

w

o

,

/

W

0

=

w

0

m

c

g

,

W

0

=

W

0

+

W

0

,

,

/

F

k

-

W

0

,

f

k

-

w

0

=

F

k

-

W

0

/

(

m

c

+

m

)

g

,

/

w

x

,

/

W

x

=

w

x

m

g

,

W

x

+

W

0

,

w

0

x

=

W

x

+

W

0

/

(

m

c

+

m

)

g

,

/

k p

T

=

1

0

0

0

k

p

p,

/

w

0

x

+

0

,

5

,

/

w

0

x

+

,

/

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0

10 20 . . . . .

V

()

200035,0011,04,2 VVwx ++= . (20)

0w V=0 ( ) 10 / ( V=0 ).

0w

= 1000 , (21)

; , /.

(21) /1/:

100510027,0 +

+=VV

; (22)

150215036,0 +

+=VV

. (23)

( )= = +KmgK n K n

mgp p p4 4 8 8 , (24)

n4, n8 4 - 8-

; Kp4, Kp8

4 - 8- ( 4 = 8 = 70 /, - 4 = 8 = 42,5 /).

6 ( 9, 13, 16) , .

, 7.

7 ,

1 2 3 4

1 / 1 / 1

1

6 1 20 30 10

10 2

48 25 10

1 1

120 - -

2 2

240 - -

100 10 50

. 1 4 .

, , , ..

, V=f(S) .

5

( )

, 1200 . .

S = S + S, (25)

S , ;

S , .

(25) , S S . .

17 f = w0x+T , , , V S ( 1). , w0x+T S . S , ST = 1200 . 7.

V(S) , .. .

w0x+T , , .. 5, 15, 25, 35, .. /. w0x+T, ( ), , .. . V(S) 0 10 /. , .. 10 20 /. V(S). ..

.., .

Sn = 0,278 V t , (26) V , /;

t , , :

200

T

cn b

it = 107 ; (27) 200 300

T

cn b

it = 1510 ; (28) 300

T

cn b

it = 1812 . (29) , ci

( );

Tb .

` (. 1), (26) , , 0 100 /. ( ) Vmax . , , i = 5 , V (ic max c), .

/2 6/.

, , .

6 V(S) t(S)

V(S) t(S)

( ), /1 6/. . , , 40 /. , 90 / .

. 50-60 / , 20 /.

, ( ) . , , .

( . 2.2 ).

t(S) , . , 10 ., , 0.

297 , , - . . .

7

, V7.1 V T

( ) ( ), V . 8, t(S) 0,1 ., .

8 - , ,

21

60ttLVT += , (30)

t t1 2 , .;

L , .

(30). L (30) ( ) ( ), ( ).

7.2

, ,

. :

V; -

.

/1 6/, , V , 6 .

.

9.

9 i,

S,

,

VS60

V60V

, , /

1 2 . .

2 /./

I /. /

, , 2 1 . .

)63(60

1+n

VSt = (31)

3 , .

8 8.1

, .

V(S) I(V) , 4 /1/ ( ).

V(S) (. 7) , V(S) t(S) . . I (S).

. , .

A I (S) t(S) , .

1000601

=n icp tIU

A , (32)

U (U = 3000 25000 );

I , i- , ;

t , ii- , .

10.

10 t

I I I t

(S) ,

, , i i

1 2 . . n

A 2% 3%

AA=(1,021,03) (33)

Am Lc

104a= , (34)

a , /(10. ). 8.2

( )

xxn

tqtGE +=1

, (35)

G - , /;

t ,

G , ; qx , /; tx

, .

G qx 5 /1/. G , qx - .

104

LmEe

c

410= . (36)

e = , (37)

, = 1,43.

1 (). .: , 1985. 287 .

2 / . .. .. . .: , 1979. 367 . .

3 / . .. . .: , 1971. 352 . .

4 .. . . .: , 1987. 256 . .

5 .., .., .. . . .: , 1987. 264 .

6 .., .., .. . .: , 1972. 440 .

24.01.00

.. 03581 19.12.2000 620034, . , . , 66,

_________________________________________________________________ . . . 2,1. . - . . 1,82

1 6084 1/16 400 _________________________________________________________________

620151 . , , 20,

: .. , , . .3 ..5 8 ..8.1 ....8.2 ... .. 2 4

4 8 , /;

,

5 (1 (). .: , 1985. 287 . 2 / . .. .. . .: , 1979. 367 . .

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umm_339.pdf