UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHPROJECT WRITING GUIDELINES

FKKSA

.

SUMAIYA ZAINAL ABIDINNURUL AINI MOHAMED RAZALI

ROHAIDA CHE MANNURUL SA’AADAH SULAIMAN

HAMIDAH ABDULLAHROZAIMI ABU SAMAHNORAZWINA ZAINOL

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHPROJECT WRITING GUIDELINES

FKKSA

PublisherUniversiti Malaysia Pahang

Kuantan2017

Copyright Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 2017

First Published, 2017

Published By:Publisher

Universiti Malaysia PahangLebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang

Kuantan, Pahang Darul MakmurTel: 09-549 3273 Fax: 09-549 3281

Layout & Printing:Syarikat Percetakan Inderapura Sdn. Bhd

Jalan Tanjong Api Off Jalan Telok Sisek25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur

Tel: 09-5177225/5177031 Fax: 095139434

Sumaiya Zainal AbidinFKKSA UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING GUIDELINES /SUMAIYA ZAINAL ABIDIN, NURUL AINI MOHD RAZALI, ROHAIDA CHE MAN,NURUL SA’AADAH SULAIMAN, HAMIDAH ABDULLAH, ROZAIMI ABU SAMAH,NORAZWINA ZAINOLISBN 978-967-2054-64-11. Academic writing. 2. Government publications--Malaysia. I. Nurul Aini Mohd Razali. II. Rohaida Che Man. III. Nurul Sa’aadah Sulaiman. IV. Hamidah Abdullah. V. RozaimiAbu Samah. VI. Norazwina Zainol. VII. Title.808.02

Copyright Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 2017

First Published, 2017

Published By:Publisher

Universiti Malaysia PahangLebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang

Kuantan, Pahang Darul MakmurTel: 09-549 3273 Fax: 09-549 3281

Layout & Printing:Syarikat Percetakan Inderapura Sdn. Bhd

Jalan Tanjong Api Off Jalan Telok Sisek25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur

Tel: 09-5177225/5177031 Fax: 095139434

Sumaiya Zainal AbidinFKKSA UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING GUIDELINES /SUMAIYA ZAINAL ABIDIN, NURUL AINI MOHD RAZALI, ROHAIDA CHE MAN,NURUL SA’AADAH SULAIMAN, HAMIDAH ABDULLAH, ROZAIMI ABU SAMAH,NORAZWINA ZAINOLISBN 978-967-2054-64-11. Academic writing. 2. Government publications--Malaysia. I. Nurul Aini Mohd Razali. II. Rohaida Che Man. III. Nurul Sa’aadah Sulaiman. IV. Hamidah Abdullah. V. RozaimiAbu Samah. VI. Norazwina Zainol. VII. Title.808.02

i

GREETINGS

Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful. Peace and

blessings be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW.

I would like to congratulate the Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources

Engineering (FKKSA) Undergraduate Research Project (URP) Committee, Penerbit

UMP and everyone who have contributed towards the publication of the FKKSA

Undergraduate Research Project Writing Guidelines. The purpose of this book is to serve

as a guideline as well as provide useful information towards producing URP reports with

high quality.

To all URP students, it is my sincere hope that this guideline will assist you to

produce the research proposals, thesis, and technical papers, as well as research posters

of the highest quality.

Best wishes,

PROFESSOR ZULKAFLI HASSAN CEng. FEI SPE

Dean,

Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

ii

PREFACE

Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

Alhamdulillah, thanks to Allah the Almighty, with His blessings, our team has

finally come out with our first FKKSA Undergraduate Research Project Writing

Guidelines. Thank you Allah for giving us the inspiration, drive, and motivation in

completing this guideline.

This module was mainly written for FKKSA students taking the Undergraduate

Research Project courses, i.e., BKC3922 and BKC4944. It was specifically developed to

provide guidance to students in their writing task. This guideline is divided into four

elements, which are research proposal, thesis, technical paper, and poster. Each element

explains the must-have information and related examples. We hope this guideline could

benefit the students and guide them to complete their writing in a proper manner.

The URP Committee would like to thank everyone who helped and contributed to

make this guideline a success. It has been a wonderful experience to work together and

helping others especially our beloved FKKSA students. The committee also would like

to take the opportunity to express our appreciation to our family members that

continuously giving care and supports.

Lastly, we hope that this book could serve the students as what it intends to and

enhance the students’ understanding on the importance of having a good quality of

writing. We wish you all the best for your undergraduate research project. Thank you!

Wassalam,

Sumaiya Zainal Abidin

Chief Author

ii

PREFACE

Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

Alhamdulillah, thanks to Allah the Almighty, with His blessings, our team has

finally come out with our first FKKSA Undergraduate Research Project Writing

Guidelines. Thank you Allah for giving us the inspiration, drive, and motivation in

completing this guideline.

This module was mainly written for FKKSA students taking the Undergraduate

Research Project courses, i.e., BKC3922 and BKC4944. It was specifically developed to

provide guidance to students in their writing task. This guideline is divided into four

elements, which are research proposal, thesis, technical paper, and poster. Each element

explains the must-have information and related examples. We hope this guideline could

benefit the students and guide them to complete their writing in a proper manner.

The URP Committee would like to thank everyone who helped and contributed to

make this guideline a success. It has been a wonderful experience to work together and

helping others especially our beloved FKKSA students. The committee also would like

to take the opportunity to express our appreciation to our family members that

continuously giving care and supports.

Lastly, we hope that this book could serve the students as what it intends to and

enhance the students’ understanding on the importance of having a good quality of

writing. We wish you all the best for your undergraduate research project. Thank you!

Wassalam,

Sumaiya Zainal Abidin

Chief Author

iii

TABLE OF CONTENT

GREETINGS i

PREFACE ii

Table of Content iii

CHAPTER 1 GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.1.2 Motivation 2

1.1.3 Problem Statement 3

1.1.4 Objectives 4

1.1.5 Scopes of Study 5

1.2 Literature Review 6

1.3 Materials and Methods 11

1.4 References 17

CHAPTER 2 GUIDELINES FOR THESIS WRITING 19

2.1 Abstract 19

2.2 Abstrak 20

2.3 Introduction 20

2.3.1 Background of the Study 21

2.3.2 Motivation 22

2.3.3 Problem Statement 23

2.3.4 Objectives 24

2.3.5 Scopes of Study 25

2.4 Literature Review 26

2.4.1 General guidelines 26

2.4.2 Major structures of Literature Review 26

2.4.3 Tenses and spelling 27

2.4.4 How to write a good paragraph 27

2.4.5 Headings, Figures and Tables 27

2.4.6 Equations 27

2.5 Materials and Methods 27

iv

2.5.1 General guides 28

2.5.2 Major structure of material and methods 28

2.6 Results and Discussion 33

2.7 Conclusion and Recommendation 36

2.7.1 Conclusion 36

2.7.2 Recommendation 37

2.8 References 38

CHAPTER 3 GUIDELINES FOR TECHNICAL PAPER WRITING 40

3.1 Title 40

3.2 Abstract 41

3.3 Introduction 42

3.4 Materials and Methods 45

3.5 Results and Discussions 48

3.6 Conclusion 50

3.7 Acknowledgement 51

3.8 References 51

CHAPTER 4 GUIDELINES FOR POSTER 53

4.1 Introduction 53

4.2 Methodology or Experimental 53

4.3 Results and Discussion 53

4.4 Conclusions 53

4.5 References 53

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