407
UNCTAD 창조경제보고서 ( Creative Economy Report 2010) 13. 6.

Undp 창조경제보고서

  • Upload
    -

  • View
    710

  • Download
    5

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 1. UNCTAD (Creative Economy Report 2010)13. 6.

2. 2010 /DITC/TAB/2010/3 () . , () (UNCTAD) . Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland 1, SU-SSC 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA 1 . (UNCTAD) (UNDP) (SU-SSC) . 2010 , . , , , . . . http://www.unctad.org/creative-economy 3. 1. 1 1. 1 1.1 1 1.1.1 1 1.1.2 3 1.1.3 4 1.1.4 4 1.1.5 5 1.1.6 7 1.1.7 10 1.1.8 12 1.1.9 14 1.1.10 20 1.1.11 23 1.1.12 24 1.1.13 24 1.2 25 1.2.1 25 1.2.2 27 1.2.3 28 1.3 30 1.3.1 30 1.3.2 32 1.3.3 34 1.3.4 35 1.4 36 1.4.1 36 1.4.2 38 1.4.3 39- i - 4. 1.5 39 2 44 2.1 : 44 2.2 : 49 2.2.1 50 2.2.2 51 2.2.3 51 2.3 , 52 2.4 56 2.4.1 56 2.4.2 - 65 2.4.3 71 2.4.4 74 2.4.5 82 2.4.6 89 2.5 94 2.5.1 : - 96 2 : 104 3 104 3.1 104 3.2 105 3.2.1 106 3.2.2 106 3.2.3 108 3.2.4 109- ii - 5. 3.3 111 3.3.1 111 3.3.2 112 3.3.3 114 3.3.4 116 3.3.5 120 3.3.6 121 3.3.7 122 3.4 123 3.4.1 123 3.4.2 126 3.4.3 127 3.4.4 127 3.5 131 3.5.1 137 3.5.2 138 3.6 - : 139 4. 142 4.1 143 4.2 144 4.3 146 4.4 : 148 4.4.1 148 4.4.2 150 4.4.3 150 4.4.4 151 4.4.5 152 4.5 152 - iii - 6. 4.6 : 154 4.7 , . 156 4.8 160 4.8.1 : 161 4.8.2 166 4.8.3 170 4.9 174 4.10 177 3 183 5. : 183 5.1 183 5.2 : 184 5.3 186 5.3.1 187 5.3.2 189 5.3.3 191 5.3.4 193 5.3.5 194 5.4 194 5.5 - - 196 5.6 199 5.6.1 200 5.6.2 203 5.6.3 210- iv - 7. 5.6.4 213 5.6.5 220 5.6.6 222 5.6.7 226 5.6.8 228 5.6.9 231 5.6.10 232 4 235 6. 235 6.1 235 6.2 ? 237 6.3 238 6.3.1 240 6.4 240 6.4.1 241 6.4.2 242 6.4.3 243 6.4.4 244 6.4.5 247 6.5 248 6.5.1 : 249 6.6 252 6.7 , 254 6.7.1 256 6.8 259- v - 8. 6.9 262 7. , 264 7.1 264 7.2 265 7.2.1 266 7.2.2 267 7.2.3 268 7.2.4 - 269 7.3 270 7.4 ICT 272 7.4.1 274 7.5 275 7.6 276 7.7 278 7.8 285 5 288 8. 288 8.1 288 8.2 290 8.3 295- vi - 9. 8.4 296 8.4.1 296 8.4.2 297 8.4.3 306 8.4.4 309 8.4.5 313 8.4.6 313 8.4.7 314 8.4.8 314 8.5 315 8.5.1 315 8.6 318 8.6.1 318 8.6.2 319 8.6.3 320 8.6.4 321 8.6.5 322 8.7 322 9. 325 9.1 325 9.2 UNCTAD : 326 9.2.1 UNCTAD X: 326 9.2.2 : 328 9.2.3 UNCTAD XI: 329 9.2.4 UNCTAD XII: 330 9.3 WTO 332 9.3.1 332 9.3.2 , 333 9.3.3 337- vii - 10. 9.3.4 TRIPs 340 9.3.5 341 9.4 UNESCO () 344 9.5 WIPO ( ) 348 9.6 UNDP (): 349 9.7 ITC( ): 354 9.8 UNEP ( ): 357 10. 361 10.1 361 10.2 362 10.2.1 365 10.2.2 366 10.2.3 367 10.2.4 367 10.2.5 369 10.2.6 369 10.2.7 371 10.2.8 372 10.2.9 372 10.2.10 373 10.3 374 10.3.1 375 10.3.2 377 10.3.3 378 10.3.4 379- viii - 11. 1.1 : 13 1.2 14 1.3 21 1.4 : 29 1.5 : 33 1.6 37 2.1 48 2.2 53 2.3 57 2.4 67 2.5 77 2.6 : 81 2.7 84 2.8 : 91 2.9 : 96 2.10 97 2.11 98 2.12 100 2.13 , 103 3.1 tecnobrega 114 3.2 117 3.3 : 120 3.4 128 3.5 133 3.6 135 4.1 178 6.1 238 6.2 242 6.3 246 6.4 : 257 6.5 261 7.1 277 7.2 281 7.3 286- ix - 12. 8.1 : 291 8.2 305 8.3 : 307 8.4 311 8.5 : . 322 9.1 326 9.2 339 9.3 342 9.4 : 346 9.5 351 9.6 : 356 9.7 Alphadi: 358 1.1 6 1.2 18 1.3 19 1.4 2003, 32 1.5 , 40 1.6 , 5 GDP GVA 41 1.7 , 8 42 1.8 8 / (% of GDP) 42 1.9 5 OECD GDP 43 2.1 60 3.1 2002, 113 4.1 UNCTAD/UNESCO / 167 4.2 UNCTAD/UNESCO / 169 4.3 UNCTAD/UNESCO / 169 4.4 UNCTAD 170 4.5 HS 171 4.6 UNCTAD 172 4.7 173- x - 13. 4.8 177 5.1 ( ) , , 2002, 2008 185 5.2 : , , 2002, 2008 187 5.3 : , , 2002, 2008 189 5.4 : , , 2002, 2008 190 5.5 : , , 2002, 2008 190 5.6 : 20 , 2002, 2008 192 5.7 : 10 , 2008 192 5.7 : 10 , 2008 192 5.9 : , , 2002, 2008 195 5.10a : , , 2002, 2008 199 5.10b : , , 2002, 2008 199 5.11 : , , 2002, 2008 200 5.12a : 10 , 2008 202 5.12b : 10 , 2008 202 5.13 : , , 2002, 2008 208 5.14 : 10 , 2008 209 5.15 : 10 , 2008 209 5.16 : 10 , 2008 213 5.17 : 10 , 2008 213 5.18 : 10 , 2008 221 5.19 : 10 , 2008 221 5.20 : , , 2002, 2008 224 5.21 : 10 , 2008 225 5.22 : 10 , 2008 225 5.23 : Exports, , , 2002, 2008 227 5.24 : 10 , 2008 228 5.25 : 10 , 2008. 228 5.26 , 2002, 2005, 2008 ( ) 230 5.27 , 2002, 2005, 2008 ( ) 230 5.28 : , 2002, 2005, 2008 231 5.29 : , , 2002, 2008 ( ) 233 5.30 : , , 2002, 2008 ( ) 233 6.1 WIPO 253- xi - 14. 7.1 GDP , 2003-2007 266 7.2 271 7.3 : 272 7.4 20 2004 273 8.1 302 9.1 : , , 2002, 2008 334 9.2 : , , , 2002-2008 335 9.3 : , , , 2002-2008 336 9.4 : , , , 2002-2008 337 10.1 337 1.1 2 1.2 5Cs : + 4 2 1.3 UNCTAD 7 2.1 50 3.1 113 3.2 116 3.3 139 4.1 145 4.2 146 4.3 UNESCO 2009 165 5.1 208 7.1 , 2003-2008 267 7.2 , 2003-2008 267 7.3 268 7.4 268 7.5 269 7.6 , 2007 275 8.1 298 8.2 300 8.3 : C-ITET 317- xii - 15. 5.1a : , , 2008 186 5.1b : , , 2008 186 5.2 , 2002-2008 187 5.3a , , 2002 188 5.3b , , 2008 188 5.4a , 2002 189 5.4b , 2008 189 5.5a , , 2002, 2005, 2008 191 5.5b , , 2008 191 5.6 : , 2002, 2008 192 5.7a : 2002 10 194 5.7b : 2008 10 194 5.8 : , , 2008 198 5.9 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 200 5.10 , 2004-2008 207 5.11 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 208 5.12 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 213 5.13 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 219 5.14 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 221 5.15 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 224 5.16 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 227 5.17 : , , 2002, 2005, 2008 230 5.18a : , 10 , 2008 230 5.18b : , 10 , 2008 230 5.19 : , 2002, 2005, 2008 231 5.20 : , 2002, 2008 233 6.1 GDP 253 6.2 254- xiii - 16. 2008 , . , . , . . , . . , , , , . . , . , . , , . , . , . , . . Supachai Panitchpakdi ( ) , Helen Clark ( ) , - xiv - 17. UNCTAD, UNDP, . , UNCTAD Edna dosSantos-Duisenberg UNDP FranciscoSimplicio . UNDP Yiping Zhou . . . " UN" . 2010 UNCTAD 5 2008 : (UNCTAD), (UNDP), , (UNESCO), (WIPO), (ICT). 2 Edna dosSantos-Duisenberg . 2010 UNCTAD , Sudip Ranjan Basu, Cheng Shang Li (), Carolina Quintana, Julia Costa Souto () .UNCTADMashayekhi Victor Ognivtsev . Andrew C. Pratt . , UNDP . , Elizabeth Smith, Jennifer Bergamini , Christopher Reardon , . UNCTAD Clisse Medeiros Ramos Perret UNDP LourdesHermosura-Chang,Michelle Siqueira . 2010 .- xv - 18. UNESCO Georges Poussin WIPO Dimiter Gantchev,Wend Wendland Brigitte Vezina, . , . 2008 2010 UNDP .- xvi - 19. 2010 - : . 10 , . , , . , , . 2008 . , . . . . . 2010 , , . , . , . , 2008 . 2010 7 , 52,000 , 1,080 . 2 . , , . 2008 . . . . - xvii - 20. . . . , . , . , , , , . 2010 2008 , . . 70 , . , , , . , , . . . . , , . . , . 2008, 12% 592 , 2002-2008 14% . 10 . . . - xviii - 21. , . 2010 , , . , . 1 , , , . 2 , . , . 3 , . 4 , . , . UNCTAD , . 5 . 2002-2008 . , , - . UNCTAD 2 . 6 WIPO . , (Creative Commons, CC) ((public domain) - xix - 22. (open-souce) . 7 . , (ICT) , . ICT , . . , , , . . 9 , . , 2015 . 2010 . , 2009-2009 WTO . UNESCO , 2010 . WIPO . 10 . . , .- xx - 23. 10 . 2010 (The Creative Economy Report 2010) . .- xxi - 24. 10 . 10 . , . I. 2008, 12% . 2008 5,920 , 2002 6 14% . . II. . 2008 1,760 , 43% 2002-2008 13.5% . . 600 20% . 2002 78 2008 210 . ,(Global System of Trade Preferences) . III. . , . , , . ICT . , . - xxii - 25. IV. , , , , . , , . V. , , , . , , , . , . VI. , , . , , , , , . . 2009 40 , 75% . 2008 5 1 , . . . e- . , . VII. . . . , , , . , , . , , - xxiii - 26. . . VIII. , , , . . . , , . . , . , , . IX. , , . , , , , . . . , TV , . . . X. . . . . . .- xxiv - 27. 1 1 1.1 , . . 1 10 . . 1 , , , , (creative commons), . . . 1.1.1 (creativity) . . , . (artistic creativity) , , , , . (Scientific creativity) , . (Economic creativity) , , , . 1 28. 1-1 (Technological creativity) . . . , . , , . .5Cs.(EuropeanCreativity Index) . 5Cs , 32 , , , , . , , . , , . . . . , . . (soft innovation) , , , , 2 29. , . . 1.1.2 (Creative goods and services) . , . . . . , , , , TV , . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . 3 30. 1.1.3 (Cultural industries) TheodorAdornoMaxHorkheimerFrankfurt 2 . Herbert Marcuse . . , . , , , . . , , , . . , , . . . , . , . . 1.1.4 (Cultural economics) . . , . , , . , , , . 4 31. . , . 1.1.5 (Creative industries) . 1994 (Creative Nation) . 1997 . , . . 4 . . , (creative sector) . 4 . UK DCMS . 1990 . , , . DCMS 13 , , . Symbolic text . . (high) (serious) , . , , , . 5 32. (Concentric Circles) , . . , , , , . . WIPO copyright . , , , , . . . . 1.1 . UK DCMS . . . Symbolic text . 6 33. . . . . 1.1.6 UNCTAD 2004 (UNCTAD) 6 . . 9 . , UNCTAD .(UNCTAD, 2004). UNCTAD ( ) ( , , ) , . , . . . UNCTAD , , , . 9 (: 1.3). 7 34. : , , . . , , , . , ; . . , . . , , . , . , . , , 1.3 . (Heritage). . . , , , , , , . . - : , , - : , , , . (Arts). . , . . - : , , - : , , , , , , 8 35. (Media). . ( ). - : , ; - s : , TV, . (Functional creations). . . - : , , , , ; - : , , , , - : , , , , , . , . UNCTAD . , UNCTAD , , , . (ICT) . , 2.0 . 2.0 , , . UNESCO 1999 , , . . , , . . . . . , 9 36. . , , , . UNCTAD . 1.1.7 (The creative economy) , . 2001, John Howkins . Howkins . , . . Howkins 15 . 2000 2.2 , 5% . Howkins . . . , . . 10 . , . UNCTAD . , . , , , . , , , . , . , , . 10 37. . 6 UNCTAD . UNCTAD 4 . . , . , , . . 2005 Nagaur UNESCO . . , Jodhpur Initiative . , UNESCO , . , . 2005 10 UNESCO 2007 3 (9 ). 10 . . , . . , . , , . , . 11 38. 1.1.8 (The creative class and creativeentrepreneurs) Richard Florida . , , , , . , , , , , , , . Florida . . , . . , . , , , , . . , , . Florida 21 1/3 , 1 7 . . 3T . (Technology), (Talent), (Tolerance). Florida . T, (tolerance) . Florida . . . . , , . . , . Haggort 21 . . 12 39. : 20 , . , , , () . , . (, ) . Tom Davenport , , , . . . (PC) . 10 , . PC . . . . , , , , . . , . . , , . William (Bill) H. Gates Microsoft . 1975 Gates Paul Allen Microsoft , . 1981, I.B.M. PC . PC Microsoft . Microsoft Windows Office PC . Microsoft 2007 6 5112 , 105 78,000 . Gates Corbis . . Melinda . 13 40. 1.1.9 (Creative cities) , . , . , . Charles Landry . . , . Landry , . . , , , . . . , . Bayreuth, Edinburgh Salzburg . , . , , . , , , . . , . , , , . . , . 14 41. Manchester Bristol, London 60 . . Toronto , Vancouver , Ottawa . Brisbane Auckland . Cincinnati, Tampa Bay New England . Washington D.C. 2001 . Osaka 2003 2005 . 2004 . UNESCO (Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity) 2004 ,Edinburgh 1 . 4 . . , . , . . , , . . . , . Richard Florida . . , . 15 42. Florida . , . . , . , , . . , . . . . ? ? ? , . . , , , . , . . . . . , , , , , , . . , , . 1980 . , . 1990 , 16 43. . London, Tokyo, New York Amsterdam . , . . 5% . . , , , , . . . , , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . . ; , ; ; ; . , , . , . , , , . , , , . . , 17 44. , . . , . , . , . London. London 2 . 1995 2001, London , , 20~25% . 1.2 .2004 (UNESCO Creative Cities Netw ork) . . , . 7 , . , , , , , IT/ , . , . 18 45. . . . , , . . , . . . . . Design Commerce Montreal . (Popayan) , . . / . , , , . , , / . . , , ( ) (/) .( 1.3 ). 19 46. 1.1.10 (agglomerationexternalities), . . , . , , , , , , . Allen Scott , . Michael Porter (Porter, 1990), , . LA, , , , , , . () . . , . (Santagata)(2006): (Sigchos) () , , . (Aleppo) 3,000 . . . , , . (6 ). 20 47. (Cultural and creative clusters in China) , (SAR) . . , - . SAR . SAR 2003 (Policy Address of 2003) (creative industries) . ( (Central Policy Unit and the Centre for Cultural Policy Research of the University of Hong Kong, 2003)) . 2005 1 . Tung Chee Wah .1) (Home Affairs Bureau, HAB) . (HAB & CCPR, 2005) Jockey Club Creative Arts Centre SAR Jockey Club Creative Arts Centre , 7 .2) 7 8 Shek Kip Mei . . . (Kowloon) 40 (West Kowloon Cultural District).3) (West Kowloon Cultural District) SAR West Kowloon Cultural District 1990 . 2001 , (canopy) (Norman Foster) . , 21 48. . , 1.8, 70 ( ). , 30% , , . , , , . , 30 . . . . . . . (Daishanzi Art District (Factory 798)) 2002 Daishanzi Art District 1950 Factory 798( ) .4) 50 1980 . 1990 60% , . . 2003 1 2004 Daishanzi . (Dahuan (Great Circle)) West Kowloon Cultural District 40 Daishanzi . , (Chaoyang District) , .5) (Great Circle) , 2006 . 22 49. 1.1.11 (commons theory) . . , . , . . . . , , . , . . e, , . , . / , . . chapter 6 . . (Csikszentmihalyi) (Systems model of creativity) . . . , , , . chapter 6 . 23 50. 1.1.12 (Experience economy) "" B. Joseph Pine II James H. Gilmore 1999 . 1999 Rolf Jensen The Dream Society . . . , . , . CD . , , , . . , , " " . , , . , , , . , , . 1.1.13 (Creative ecology) . , . J. Howkins 2009 Creative Ecologies . , Howkins : , , . Howkins , 24 51. . , . Howkins (niche), , .1.2 . . 1.2.1 1.2.3 . 1.2.1 , . . . . , , , . , , , ICT 31 , . " (Living Lab)" , , . , . 25 52. . , . . , , . TV 1999 2003 . (1,270 3,750 ).32 , (VOD), , , , TV . , . . . . . (National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts in the United Kingdom) , . Paul Stoneman (soft innovation) , , . , , , . 34 OECD ., . . , 40 , 3 1 . 28 . 20 , 33,000 830 26 53. 15 . , . 1.2.2 . . . , . , . DVD MP3 . . , . , , , . . . (peer-produced) . (7 ) . UN 2005 65 , 2050 90 . , . . 27 54. 1.2.3 , . 30 . 1/3, 1/2 GDP 40% . 2008, 9 2,200 9,440 . 2009 8 8,000 2009 4/4 70 , . 2010 2020 4% 2020 16 . . . . . , . . , , , , , . , . UNESCO . 890 . 141 689 , 176 25 . 28 55. 2010 187 . , , , . 5 2 . , . , . . . UNESCO . . UN UNCTAD , .< 1.4> : . 2,000 , , , , . 1812 1985 UNESCO . . Wadi Musa . . . . 2002 UNESCO : . 29 56. , Wadi Al Mataha . . 25%1995. 1997 4,400 . . , . 2004-2010 2003 8700 2010 19 4 , . , . . 2003 . . (1962), (1989) . . UN 2005 30 4.7% 7.6% . (IMF) (IMF 04/121,2004.5), 2007-2009 8% .1.3 . , , . 1.3.1 . , , . 30 57. . , . 2000 8% , 2010 . . . . . , . . UNCTAD 2008 2009 (GDP) 2% . 2000-2007 . . , , 2009 2 1,200 . , 2002-2008 14% . 2008 . 2009 , 2010 . . , 6 2 , 2008 297 . 2002 137 2008 264 (5 ) . 31 58. . . . . , TV , . 2012 2 2 . 1.3.2 . . . . 2 ~ 8% . . , . . , 2003 2.5% . , 2007 550 4% . , . 1.4 . . , . . 32 59. , . , . , . , . . . . . . . : , . 1984 73 . 1000 , 25 40 3800 . 1984 100 250 7 . . . , . , . 2007 15 . . 1984 200 . 33 60. . . 1989 1% . , . . . 1995 , Jeunesse du Monde 20 80 . . , . . 1.3.3 , . . , , . . , . , , , . . , . 2001 UNESCO (The Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity) , . , , . (the 34 61. Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions) . 2009 UNESCO (Inv esting in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue) , , . : , , , , . . 1.3.4 . . , . , . . . . : , . . : , . . : 35 62. , . : . : , , . . . , , , . . . . . , . . . , , . UNCTAD - . 2 .1.4 1.4.1 . , , 36 63. . : , . : . , , . : . : . : . : , , , , ( ) . . . 1998, 12 : , . 3 . : _ 298 , , . _42 , (Greffe, 1999). . . , 121 151 . 11.7, 16.2. . , . (1.4) Myerscough . 16.4, 22.6 . 37 64. . . 45.45 , 75.75 . 18.4 , 26.4. 40,000, 43,000 . (30,000) 8,6000 . . . 1. 2 3. . 30:70. 63 , 18 . 86 2 6. 2. . 3. . : . : - - , . : , , . : . . 1.4.2 38 65. . . (, , ); (, ); (, , , , , .) (: NGOs, , , , ) 1.4.3 . . . . 8 .1.5 . ( ) OECD 2 , 4 . 5,10,15 . , . 2003 6540 1.5 12% . . , 27 EU 5 , EU GDP 2.6% , . 39 66. 2020 . 2007 6.2% . 1997-2007 3% 5% . 4.5% . : 1% 2% , 1997 1,6 2008 2 . 2008 (DCMS, 2010) 157,400. 630 1320 . 7.4% 238,000, , 3.3% . . 2007 6,7% 31 . . . , . GDP 9% , 25 . GDP 5.3% , 12% 16% . 1.7 2000 , 9%, 10% . 40 67. . 2006~2009 6.6% . , , . 2~6% . 2007 6.4% , $1256 . GDP 3.5% . 5.8% 20 . 2007-2008 $310 ( ) , 5% 7% . . , . 1.6~1.8 GDP GVA . 1.7 8 . 8 4 GVA 5% , 2 10% . 1.8 1.9 . 41 68. 42 69. 43 70. 2 , . . , . , . . , . , . , . (MDGs) . (MDGs) .9 .2.1 : (MDGs) (MDGs) . 2015 8 . : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) HIV/AIDS, (7) (8) . (MDGs) . 2008 . (LDCs) . 2010 , 44 71. 5 . , (LDCs) , . (MDGs) . , . , , . (MDGs) . : , (, , , ) . , . , . , . . . . . . : . ( , , ) ( , , , , ) . 45 72. . Aarong , Oxfam . , . : , . . . , , . , , , , , . , , , . . , . , . . : MDGs . . . . , . . (a) (b) , (c) , (d) (e) 46 73. , . - . 50 , , . : . , . , . , , 10 NGO . Medellin . , , . ( 2.1 .) : (ICTs) . , , , ICT . , ICT MDG . MDG (Gauteng province) . ; ; , ; , - . 47 74. Kigali 2006 , UNDP . , , . 2 NGO, , Maison des Jeunes de Kimisagara (MJK) Kisumu Lake Victoria and Nyansa Creative Arts Association (LAVINCA) NGO Ao Comunitria do Brasil do Rio de Janeiro (ACB/RJ) . . 3 LAVINCA 2 , , Ao Comunitria do Brasil Rio de Janeiro 15 . 2006 11 , 3 Rio de Janeiro . , 300 . 2007 1 Nairobi . 2009, ACB/RJ LAVINCA UNDP - . . , , . Kisumu . ACB/RJ , LAVINCA ACB/RJ . , . ,- . 48 75. ACB/RJ , LAVINCA Kisumu . , www.acb. acbrj.org.br .2.2 : . , . . . . . 2000 2007 , . , 1 . . ? . , , . . , , . . 2008 . 49 76. . , , . , . , , . 2.2.1 2.1 . . , . , , . . , , . , , , . . . 50 77. 2.2.2 , , . , , , . , , . . , . 2004 UNDP . . . 2.2.3 . , . , . , . , , . , , , . . . . 51 78. , , . Medellin . , . , 10 . : , . , , NGO, , . , . 2.3 , . . , , , , , , . . , . . , , , , , , . . . , . . 6 , . , , . 52 79. , , , , . . , , , . , . 2.2, . Rio de Janeiro . $600 . 50 , Rio de Janeiro . . (Bahian) Antonio Risrio , Jorge Amado O Pas do Carnaval . , Caetano Veloso , . , . . Rio de Janeiro (carioca) , Pernambuco Recife Olinda , Bahia Salvador . , , .Pernambuco . Bahia , . 1980 , . , , . 53 80. Bahia . blocos, afoxs trios eltricos 25 Salvador . Bahia . 50 . 1950 trio eltrico. Bahia , . 1970 afoxs. , blocos de trio . 1980 blocos de trio. abads . bloco trio eltrico . 1950 . blocos afro blocos de trio Bahia ax-music() . blocos de trio Bahia . Bahia , . . (, , ), (trio eltrico, ), , Bahia . , , trio eltrico . , . . . 2006 2007 . , 2007 54 81. 6 900,000 25 km /, 30,000 m2 227 11,750 131,000 ( 97,000 34,000) 360,367 (); 96,401 () 100 % 2,531 $94 $168 $3.2 $95 $27 , , . , . . blocos de carnival 25 , . , , , , , , 2,000 blocos 200 . 3 trios eltricos , abads , . Blocos abads ; , ; ; ; bloco . (, , , ) ( , , , , ) . . 2006 , baianas de acaraj, , , , 25,000 . 55 82. , . . . : .2.4 UNCTAD . , , . 2.4.1 . , . , , . . , , . . . (ILO) . . . . . . . . 56 83. . (IPR) . IPR . , . 3.1 Tecnobrega . , , , . . . , , , (Gauteng) , . , , , , . IPR . . . ( , , , ). . . . . : , : ( ) . 57 84. . 10 . , , , , , , . . , , 2004 , . . , , (Moderna Museet) , . . , . . : ( ), ( ) (, , ). . , (Northern centres) . . . . , . . 58 85. . The Guardian . . ? ? . , . , , , , , . (UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity) . , . , , , , , , , . . 2.1 , 7. 2 . , 30% . . , 35% . , " " . 59 86. (SADC) . . .. , . , . , . , , . 2000, SADC " , , ." . 60 87. . . , , (ICTs), . (African Cultural Common Market) . 2005 3, (African Economic Community) 2025 , (African Union) , , , (Economic, Social and Cultural Council) . . , , (PRSPs) " " . (PRST) . 2009-2010, , , II(Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy II) . , . , ( , , ), GPRS-II . . 2008 GPRS-II . 2007, UNCTAD , . PRSP , , . . ( 9.4 ) 61 88. (Nollywood) , PRSP . , . 2006, , (ACP) ACP 79 . 2 ACP , . ACP (Dakar Declaration) . ACP 2007 . ACP ILO, UNCTAD UNESCO . , , , , . 2009, EU-ACP , , " "(Culture and creativity as vectors of develop ment) . (Economic Partnership Agreements) 800 . 2008 4, UNCTAD (Creative Africa Initiative) UNCTAD XII . , , . , . . : 2010 6, . , . , (Cairo Document) . , , , , , . 62 89. , , . : . , , , . UNCTAD . . / . . , , , . : , . , , . . Images pour tous( ) . ; . , ( ) . .(5 ) : 2009 6, , . UNCTAD . UNCTAD , , . , , . 63 90. - 2009 6 . . , . , . UNCTAD , , . . : 2008 11 (Nigerian Chapter of Creative Africa) . . . 2008 10 (Algiers) 2 (the African Union Conference of Ministers of Culture) . . : UNCTAD . (the Ministry of Youth) . UNCTAD , , . (Dakar Biennale of Arts) (the cole des Sables) . 2009 9 4 (the World Summit on Arts and Culture) . . (the National Arts Council of South Africa) 64 91. (theInternationalFederationofArtsCouncilsandCulture Agencies) 31 70 450 . , , . 5 2011 . 2009 7 UNCTAD (the African Arts Institute), (the National Arts Council of South Africa), ARTerial Network 2008 . : 2009 7 . UNCTAD . . UNCTAD , , , , , . ILO , , . UNESCO . : 2010 Arterial Network . , , . , 19 . 6 Arterial Network . . 2.4.2 - , . , , , 65 . 92. . , , . , . , , NGO . . , . . UNESCO Jodhpur Paro . . , , , , , , , , , . : . 5 2000 2008 . 11 5 . 30 , . , , . , , , , . . , , . 66 93. . . . 2008-2009 , . . , , , . 2003 Creative nexus . 20097 . . 2009 9 UNDP (UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation) , , . , . 2010 4, . . . , . (the Bank of China) (the Export-Import Bank) . , , TV, . 12 5(2010-2015) , . 30 6,110 80 (25 ) 67 94. 8 . 2009 17.6% 1149 . 2009 GDP 7.7% .( ) . . , TV 186 (159 ), 85 (43 ), 157 (78% ). . , . , , , , , , . 2006 9 20 , , , , 235 , 124 4% .: , , , . . 5 . 3 , () . (the National Film Development Corporation) . , , . , . . , 68 95. , . , 90 . , TV . 2008 . : 2006 GDP 4.7% , 2008 7.3% . , 4.7% 37 . . 30%, 23%, 18% . , . . : . 5 . , , TV (the Ministry of Culture, Art and Heritage) , , . : , ( , , . , WTO . TV . , DVD . : . . HIP(Hounour IP) . 2006 69 96. . 2008 5 2 , ( National Arts Council) 2011 3 3 (Singapore Art Museum) . : . 2009 3 (UNCTAD) (Policy Dialogue on the Creative Economy) . 2009 8 (Creative Thailand Policy) , (National Creative Economy Committee) . 2009 (Tenth National Economic and Social Development Plan) . : , (ASEAN) . , 12% 20% . (National Creative Economy Agency) . 2010 11 (ASEAN) . (UNCTAD) . , 2 , , , , , , . , . . . . . . , , . 2009 ---(ACP-EU) 70 97. (UNCTAD), (ILO), (UNESCO) (Fiji) . 30 , , , , . (Fiji Arts Council), . (The Asia Cultural Co-operation Forum) . . . . 2.4.3 . . , . . , . : (UAE) . 2030(Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030) . . , , , , 2008 . 71 98. , 270 (Saadiyat Island) . : . , (LA) , . 2009 , . , , , , , . - . (Dubai Studio City) . , , , , , , . 14 , 350 , . (Christies) . , , , 940 . , 190 . : . . . (UNCTAD) , 15% . 72 99. : . 2800 . ( ) . , , , . . . . . 12 , , . , 65% 2 4 . 80% . : . - . '2010 (Cultural Capital of Europe in 2010)' . , '21 (Creative Cities and Industries in the 21st Century)' 2010 11 . (UNCTAD) . (International Centre on Creative Cities and Industries) . (WIPO)2004'(Creative Industries in Arab Countries)' 5 (, , , , ) 4 ( , , , ) . . 5 . 73 100. . 6.6% . 60% 25 , . 2.4.4 . , - . UN 2008(UN Creative Economy Report 2008) , (UNESCO) , (Organization of American States) (MERCOSUR) , . . (UNESCO), (UNCTAD), (UNDP) Convenio Andrs Bello, (Organization of American States), - (the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture) . . , , . (UNCTAD) . , , , , , . . . 400 (MERCOSUR Cultural) , , , , , , . 2009 Nosotros y los 74 101. Otros:el comercio exterior de bienes culturales en Amrica del Sur . , . . . 37 . , . (Creative Economy Reports) . . . . , . , . . . , . . . 2008(Creative Economy Report 2008) , , , , , . , . . . , , bio-privacy 75 102. . , , . , . . . : . 2004 2.3 2009 3.5 . 2010 9 (San Juan) , 5,000 3 (The Third National Congress of Culture) . , (Secretary of Culture) (Ministry) . 2008, 3 . , , , TV . 2009(ObservatoryofCulturalIndustries) (Creative Industries Observatory) . 2008 (Creative Economy Report 2008) . 2008 , GDP 9 2003 2007 60,000 9.5 . 43 , . 2008 47 , 10 6 10 8 , 250 (, , ) . 2008 5 . 70 , , , 2011 . 76 103. . GDP , 2005 2007 12 7 . , , 2007 26 , 3 , 2.5 . . UNCTAD( ) , , . . (Rosario) Rosario Active" . , 21 . 135 , 3 . 4 . , CD, , . . . 2009 9, . , . . (Juan D'Arienzo) . , , . 1,500 . 1996 , . , . 2005 (World Confederation of 77 104. Businesses) Bizz Award 2005 . 2008 . : 2000 . 2004, . 320,000 , 160 , 2003-2005 5.7 4 . , , . 2006-2007 5,500 . 2008 12 21 (760 ) , GDP 16 . 23 , . . 2008 , , (GCEC) . , 2007 2009 35 250,000 . . GCEC , , , , . (SEBRAE) , , . 18 . GCEC , 78 105. (Programme for Urban Culture and Creative Cities)' (Acre) . , , (Observatory for the Creative Economy) . . Programme Creative Rio . . 2003 , UNCTAD . : . 6 . , , , 5 . 2008 GDP 1.3 , , , , , 65,000 . . 2010, : . , 2010 . . UNCTAD , . : . , 2005 79 106. (Popayan) . . , (Medellin) . , 2009 . . UNCTAD . . : , . , , , , . (Cultural Infrastructure Atlas) . (ProMexico agency) , , , . . , , . 2006, 1670 , 2011 2510 . 2008 4790 . , 3 2007 1 , 12,000 . , 5 . 2008 37 . . 2007-2008 77 2008 70 , 17 . 2 30,000 . , 2000 . , , . . 80 107. : 2005 . , . PIB CONAC-CAB , . . . . : , . . . , . . , . GDP 7.6 . 2001-2005 7.3 , . ( ) . 2005 GDP 9.02 . 7.14 . (7.26 ) , , 81 108. . . , 2004 ( 3.36 2.12 ), 1.24 . , . GDP . , . , . , . , . , , . - . 2.4.5 2008 2 (OECS) . 9 OECS . , One Love Bob Marley Rihanna . , . , . . 38 . 82 109. . . 2007 OECS , UNCTA D OECS , . , 2005 . , (9 ). . 10 , , , , . CARICOM , 'CARICOM : (The Creative Sector in CARICOM: The Economic and Trade Policy Dimensions) , GDP, , . , , , . (Caribbean Copyright Link) , 1999 120 2005 260 . . (i) , (ii) , , , , , , (iii) / , (iv) , (v) , , , (vi) - , (vii) , (viii) , , (ix) . : 2002 9 , . : 2004 . . European Union Proinvest Project 2006 , 83 110. : . 2008 4 (Inter-American Meeting of Ministers of Culture of the Americas) . 34 . UNCTAD 2008(Creative Economy Report 2008) . : , . , , 2010 . , , , (Free School) . , . . : 2002 UNCTAD WIPO , . , . (National Industrial Policy) . , 2004 . . (Garveyism), (Rastafari), , , , 84 111. . UNCTAD , . . GDP . , 15 17 . (Brand Jamaica) . . , , 1996 . (JAMPRO) . (Sounds of Jamaica) . 1997 (Marche International de l'edition musicale(MIDEM)) . . 1997 2000 . 5 6 . , . Germany's Gentleman No Doubt . , , 85 112. . , , (Bob Marley) . . , . . . . . , , , , . , JAMPRO 1996-1997 15,000 , . . , . . . , . , , , , . Studio One Tresure Isle 86 113. (Skatallites), , , , , . , . , , , . 5-10 , , . dubplates" . , . . CD . . , . . 50 , . . 87 114. . . . . 2006 . . 5.2% , . . 14,000,000 2000 150 . 5 . : UNDP , . 2007 5% . ACP/EU . UNCTAD, ILO UNESCO . . , , , . UNDP 6 . () (), () () () () . 40 . 2009 4 . 88 115. . . . EU ACP 2 . . 40 10 . 400 , . 2.4.6. . . . , . . , . , (, , , ) , . . . . (Hermitage) . 89 116. . . . : 2006~2015 . ( ) (2006 37%) (27%). . Creative Industry Research, Update of Statistics (2008) , 2006 63,500 . 2008 2009 . . : , . 25% 45% . 2006 $14,000,000($14 Million) , 80% . OWT TV , , . : 2004-2013 , 17.3 billion, GDP 5.2% . 2005 . 50% 90% . , . 2009 9 . , . 15 90 117. . 2016 (European Capital of Culture 2016) . , , 2010 . : , , . . 1990 4600 85 . TV . 2006 (European Year Book) 20 . . 2006 2009 , . . : . , . , , . 19 20 , , . , . 1926 Bakhmetevsky , . Strelka , . : . , . 1776 3 . (Catherine the Great) (Prince Urussov) . 4 , 1780 (Petrovsky Theatre) 91 118. (Teatrainaya Square) . 1805, , , (Mariinsky), (Alexandrinsky), (Maly) (Maly) . , 19 . 1917 10 , , . . (Anatoly Lunacharsky) , , . 20 . . . (Galina Ulanova), (MarinaSemionova),(OlgaLepeshinskaya),(MayaPilsetskaya), (Vladimir Vasiliev) . 1956 , , , , . 220 . . 1990 10 , . , . . 30 . 2000, (Analtoly Iksanov) . , 1856 . , , , . , 92 119. , , . , , 2002 ., , 2005 , . . , . , 1 7 . , 2 , 1 4 . . , . , 1 7 . , 2 , 1 4 . . (Roland Petit), (John Neumeier), (Pierre Lacotte), (Cristopher Wheeldown) (Francesca Sambello), (Graham Vick), (Peter Konvichny) . . 60% . (Shostakovitch) . (Prokofiev) Cinderella, Go for broke 6 (Roland Petit) Queens of Spades . Rakes Progress(Stravinsky), War andPeaceFieryAngel(Prokofiev),KhovanschinaBorisGodunov(Musorgsky), Evgeny Onegin(Tchaikovsky) . . (Alexei Ratmansky) (Dmitry Tcherniakov) . , 93 120. . (Anatoly Iksanov) . , . , . 2000 1 2 4 5 . , , . , . . . , 2 1 . 9 . 1 2 . (Lukoil), (Rusal), (Severstal) . , . , (Covent Garden), (La Scala), (Paris Opera) .231 232 , , , . 2007 . ( , (Joe Anderson) , The Independent, 12 July 2007).2.5. , , . , , . . 94 121. . . . 2010 . 2010 . , . . , . . . , , . , , , , , . , , . , . . . , . . , , . . 95 122. . . . . : , , GDP 17% , , . 60 . 2% . . , . . (Empress Si Ling Chi) (Baan Chiang) 3000 . , , , .2.5.1. : . . , , . , . . 2010, 2002 . . 96 123. , . ( ), , , . . . , , , . 2.10 . 45% . 10% , . 2002 2008 . . , , , , . . , , . , , , . . , , . . , . . , , . 97 124. . . , . . , . A. . , , , , . , , , . , . . , . , . , , , , , , . , 11%,, 25% . . 2.11 . - 2007, (World Conservation Society) (Edun) (Conservation Cotton Initiative) . (Edun) (Ali Hewson) U2 (Bono) . , . 98 125. Edun Live HARD ROCK INTERNATIONAL U2 , , . MADY-BY Edun Live grow-to-sew . MADE-BY . 2010 1, UNCTAD . UNCTAD Biotrade , NGO Green2greener 2030 . . , . , , . 2020 . 2030 . , 30% . . 10~15 . . , . 99 126. , . . UNCTAD . B. 1 - . . . 2006, / 3 10-12 . , - . , : 1), ; 2) ; 3) . . , , , , , , , . . 2009, 2008 128 18 . : , , , . 100 127. lmlil, Toubkal Kasbah du Toubkal . , . 2008 . 2009 4.3 , 6 . . , , , Toubkal . , , . , (* -), , 5 . . . , , 620 . ; , . . . , , . , , . , , , , . C. (ICTs) . 2008 2 ICT 10 . 101 128. ICT . , ICT . , , . ICT , . . . , 2007 Natura Cosmeticos 33 , . 2009 12 15 , Natura Cosmeticos 2008 2012 10 (WWF) . Natura Cosmeticos WWF-Brazil , WWF . D. 10 , . , , , , , . , . . , . NGO , . , . . ; , 102 129. . . EcoMedia, EcoMedia , , . EcoMedia , - . CBS EcoMedia , . , , , , , EcoMedia . , 1 , , , . , 1 , , , . , . , , SME . , . , , , . 103 130. 2 : 3. 3.1 , , . . , , . , , . , , . . , . ; . , . , . , , . . . ,; . . , . 104 131. . . , , , , . , , . . , , . . . , .3.2 . . , , . , , . , ; , . . , . , . . , , , . 105 132. , . , , , . . , . . . , , 3.2.1 . . 20 . . . . , Sony EMI . . . . - - . . . . 3.2.2 , . CD . . , CD 106 133. . , , . , , . . . , . , . , 80 . , 20 , . (Richard Caves) , , . , . , . . , . , . , , . . ( , CD ) . , , , . , 14 . , 107 134. . . , . . , . . , . , . . . . . , . 3.2.3 . : . , . . (1) . (2) . . 2006 , 3 . , , , , , . . , , . . . 108 135. , . , . . . . 3.2.4 . 200 . , . , , . , . , . ( , ). . ( ). , , . , 91 . 79 . , , . , 3 , . 1 1 . 22 , 4.5 1 . , 24 , , 109 136. 3/4 . 1 66 , 2010 4 6 . 3 31 . (86). 2004 (Orkut) . 1 , . . , , . . . , . , , , , . . . , . , . . . . . , 110 137. . , . , (wikis) , .3.3 . , , , , . . , , , , , , . , , , . , 4 . . 1 : , . 2 : ( ), . 3 : , . 4 : , . . , , , , , . 3.3.1 . , , , , 111 138. . , . , . 3.3.2 . , , , . , , . , . , , . , . , , . . 3.1 4 . (a) / . (b) / . (c) . (d) . , . , . . , 112 139. . . . , , ( ). , , .2009 . 3.1 . . , . . , . , , . 3.1 . , , . 113 140. Tecnobrega Para State tecnobrega . Para brega Belem (Para State ) . , , , , DJ, , , . . tecnobrega . , DJ DJ . . DJ , CD , . . tecnobrega CD , . , . Lemos Ronaldo . , : , , , . , CD . , , . bregueior . Ronaldo . , . , . 3.3.3 . , , , 114 141. . - , . - . , , , . , . - 1 , . , - . - . , . 1970 1980, . , , 2 . , , - , . . , . , : , , , . , . , CD , CD . , . 115 142. , . , . , . , . 3.3.4 Michael Porter . (Porter, 1990), , . , . Porter . 3.2 . , , . , . , 116 143. , . , Porter . , . , , , , . , . (www.creativeclusters.com) , . . ? . , , . , . , . . 1920 Alfred marshall , Michael Porter Michael Enright , . , . : . . , . , . , 117 144. . , . . . , . . , , . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . , . . , . 118 145. . , . , . , . . . , . . ( ), .: : . , , : , : ( ) : , , , . . . . . . . 119 146. 3.3.5 , . , . , , . , , . , . 2008 . , , SEE-Turtle . . : SEE Turtle , . , SEE Turtle . . . , . SEE Turtle . , . , , . , . 120 147. 3.3.6 , , . . (IPR) . , . . ( , ) . , . , 3 : , , . 4 . . . . . . , . , , . , . . , , . 121 148. 3.3.7 . Richard Caves (2000) . Caves , . . . , . Caves . . . . . , . , . Caves , . , . . 3.4 3.5 . . , . . . , . , . . 122 149. 3.4 . , , . , . 3.4.1 . . , . ( ) . , . . , UNCTAD , . , () , . . , . . , , . Cutler & Company (2002) . HKDC (2002) , . , , . . 123 150. . , . FDI . . . , RGM Holdings Koei . , 4 , 53 . , , . , , . . . . , . , . , . , . , . . . , , . , . , 124 151. . , , ( Ambert, 2003 The Trinity Session, 2003 ). . . , . . . . , . , , , , . . . 1 . . . . , WIPO . . , . 125 152. , 1 . . . , . , Legros (2006) , . ( , ). . Prince Daily Mail , , , . . . . . 3.4.2 . , , . , . . , , . 126 153. , . , . , , . . , , . 4 , Microsoft 2005 80 . , , , , , Time Warner Walt Disney. 3.4.3 , , , , , , . . , , . . . , . 3.4.4 , , , , , . , , . , . , 127 154. . . . , 4 ? , ? . . . , . , , . , 4 . . . . . 10 . ( ) , . . , . . , 128 155. . TV , . , TV TV, TV . , . (ICASA) , . 10 . Generations 30 24,650 , Bold and the Beautiful 2,300 . 30 (8,300) . The Bold Generations . TV . . SABC , lion . e.tv , DStv 60 ( ) . 9 . DStv 1 ( 63). M-Net SuperSport . , , 10 . , ( ) . , , . Weakest Link" Big Brother . , . , (SABC) . , 80 129 156. , . . , . . , ( ). , . . , . . 2000 2006 259 , 564 . (AC Nielsen). . , . , . , , . , 2010 . 130 157. . SABC (1 32) SABC . SABC 99 . 2008 , 2011 . , . , . . , . , , , . , . , , . . .3.5 , (Value Chain) (Concentration) . , . . , . ( 3.6 ) . .(Acheson and Maule, 2006) , . . . 131 158. . , . . . . , , , . ( . ; 3.5 ) , (Supply chain) . , , ( A/B ) , . . . (Competitive fringe) . . , . . (low return) . . . . , 132 159. . TV , . . , . , . (A/B ) , . . (Nobody knows): . (Art for arts sake): , , . (Motley crew principle): , . . A/B: . , , . . .(Time flies): . 133 160. (Ars longa): . . . . . . , . (Acheson and Maule, 2006) Emre , . . 3.6 . . . (Gallauger, 2002) 2006 . (Wal mart) (Target) . DVD . 2007 . , . 134 161. / (Window) , , TV () . 2 . : 2 . 1 2 . , . : , , TV , TV . : . (Blind bidding): . (Block booking): TV . . (No share period) , , . (Joint purchasing) . (Refusals to supply and exclusivity clauses) 135 162. . . . (Payola) , . . . (Vertical integration) , PPV(Pay Per View) , . (Duration and terms of contracts) . . . A , B . , (Long tail theory) . , . , , , , . CD . . 136 163. . . (Motley crew) . . . 3.5.1 , . 1) . . . , . . . . . . . . (Mass tourism), . , (Cultural tourism) , . . 1) Prstt (2007: 166-190) 137 164. , . 3.5.2. , , , , . (Supply Chain) (segment) . . , . BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation) . BBC . BBC . BBC , . BBC , . (SADC) ( ) , , , . (Trinity Session, 2003) . , , , . , , , . , . 25% . , 138 165. (CD-ROM) . 80% , 10~50% . (DAlmeida and Alleman, 2004)3.6 : 3.3 . , . < : > , , , ()( ), ( ) , () , < > 3 : (, ); (, , , ); (, ) . (: , : ) ( 139 166. , , , ) . (, , , ) (, ) < > , (, , ) . . . . < > , , . . (, ), (), (, ) . ((Hawkers), ) . . . < > ( , , ) . , . , . 140 167. . . . , . , . , . , . . (Seligman) , , , , , . 141 168. 4. . . , . . . 5 . . . , . . 2008 . . UNCTAD UNCTAD .. 2010 5 . UNCTAD 2009 UNESCO . . . 142 169. 4.1 . . . . . . , . - , . . . , . . / - . . . . . , , . . . 143 170. (: ) . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2 . . , , . , , . . . . . 144 171. . . . . . . . . , . . ( 4.1 ). 4.1 . . . UNCTAD , . . UNCTAD 5 . UNCTD . 145 172. 4.3 . , . , ( 4.2 ). . , , , . . . . . . , . . . . 146 173. . , . , . , . , . , . 1990 . . . . . . . . - . . , - . . . , . . ( 7 ) . . . . 147 174. 4.4 : . , , , . . . . , , , . . , UN , UNCTAD, UNESCO, WIPO, ILO . , . . . 4.4.1 . . , () , . . . . . , , . 148 175. , . . , . . (/), (), () . . . , . , (micro-enterprise) . , . , , . . ( , co-location)/(cluster) . . . . . , (3 ). , 149 176. . , . 4.4.2. . , . . . . , , . . , , . , . , . . 4.4.3. 5 . , () . , , . , . . . 150 177. (FOB: free-on-board) . . , () . , . , . . . , . . , . , . . , , . , , . () , . , . 4.4.4 WIPO GDP . (6 ). WIPO (International Standard Industrial Classification, ISIC) 151 178. . . , WTO WIPO . , , . WIPO . . . . . 4.4.5 . . (reporting conventions) . . (Schuster) , . .4.5 (Culture Satellite Account: CSA) , , . CSA UN 1993, IMF, OECD, (SOEC), 152 179. (System of National Accounts: SNA) . CSA SNA . (a) , (b) , (c) . CSA . SNA (. ) , , , : , , . , , , . , , ( ) , , , CSA , () . CSA . , CSA 153 180. . , CSA , . , CSA . , , . Convenio Andres Bello .Convenio Andres Bello CSA 2003 . , 2007 . . MERCOSIR Cultural . Convenio Andres Bello 2008 . . , CSA . . , , . Creative economy report UNCTAD . . . CSA , . 4.6 : 2 . ? . , , , . 154 181. . . . . . . , ( ) . . . , . . . , . . , . . (PCB) . /, /, /, / . . , . . . . . . 155 182. . . . . . . . , . 3 . . . . ( ) . /, /, /, / .4.7 . . , . . . . 156 183. . . . ( ). , . EBOPS(Extended Balance of Payments Services) . . , . CPC(central product classifi cation) (, , ) . ( , ) . , . . , PC . , . . : . ( ). . . . , . () , 157 184. . . . , . , , . . . . 5 . 20 . . ( ) . . . . . 20 . . . , . . . . . , . 158 185. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . UNCTAD 2008 . 2010 , , , . . . . ? , 159 186. .UNESCO . . . , . . , . , , .4.8 4 . UNCTAD . UNCTAD . 2008 UNCTAD UNCTAD . . UNCTAD . . , Eurostat 2007 , Convenio Andrs Bello2008 MERCOSUR . UNESCO 2009 . UNCTAD . . UNCTAD 160 187. . . , . . UNCTAD , . , , , , , . UNCTAD . . 4.8.1 : . , . / . / . Eurostat . MERCOSUR . , . . . UNESCO . . 161 188. . 1980 . EU 1997 LEG-Culture ( ) . LEG-Culture 8 ( , , , , , , , / ) 6 . , , , , , . 2002 LEG-Culture UNESCO . EU 2005 UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions . 2007 Eurostat 7 . CD DVD ComExtNomenclature(2006) . EU LEG- Culture . ComExt Nomenclature Combined Nomenclature . MERCOSUR . The methodology proposed by Convenio Andrs Bello . . 162 189. , , , (: CD, ). (: , ). , (: TV, , ). , , 9 . 1. (: ) 2. (: TV, ) 3. (:, ) 4. (: ) 5. (: ) 6. (: ) 7. (: CD, ) 8. (: , ) 9. (: TV ) , , . Convenio Andrs Bello . MERCOSUR Common Nomenclature Combined Nomenclature . , DCMS(Department for Culture, Media and Sport) 1998 2001 10 . DCMS 11 . 163 190. , / , , TV / 11 UKSIC(United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification) . 2004 DCMS DET(DCMS EvidenceToolkit)andadopted UKSIC 2003 . CIEE(Creative Industries Economic Estimates) . UKSIC CIEE . . , , . . . , UKSIC , . DCMS . UNESCO UNESCO 1986 (FCS) , . , , , , , , , , 164 191. . 1986 , , , , 5 . . 2009 UNESCO . 5: , , , // , / . 4.3 6 12 . 2009 . HS 2007(Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System 2007) , BPM6(Balance of Payments version six) EBOPS(Extended Balance of Payments) . HS 2007 85 6 . 6 .( ): 165 192. A. : ( 2) B. : ( 13), ( 6) C. : ( 3), ( 12), ( 7), (8) ( 2) D. : ( 3), ( 2) ( 6) E. : ( 3) F. : ( 1) UNESCO 2009 . BPM6 EBOPS 9 . 8.4.1 8.4.2 . / . 4.8.2 4.1 UNCTAD 4 / . . / . . 4.1 / . (CD ), (, ), (, , ), ( ) . / . 166 193. . , . / . 2 UNESCO UNCTAD 167 194. . / . 4.2 4.3 UNESCO 2009 FCS UNCTAD / , . HS , / . UNESCO UNCTAD . , ( ) ( , , ) , UNESCO 60:40 UNCTAD 20:80. UN COMTRADE , / , . UNESCO , UNCTAD . UNESCO 2009 FCS . UNESCO . UNCTAD . UNCTAD . 2 2008, . UNCTAD . UNESCO UNCTAD / . UNESCO ( ) UNCTAD 2008 ( 4.4 ). (: ) / , 168 195. . , BPM5 / . UNESCO 2009 FCS EBOPS . 169 196. 4.8.3 4.1 . . UNCTAD 170 197. . UNCTAD . . . . . HS 1996 2002 . , . HS 2007 2007 . . UNCTAD . 4.5 HS 2007 . 2008 102 . HS 1996 2005 166 2008 147 12% . HS 2002 .UNCTAD UNCTAD 4.6 . : (1) , (2) , . 171 198. HS 2002 UN COMTRADE . : , 211 ; , 60 ; , 2 ; , 102 ; , 8 ; , 7 ; , 15 ; , 17 . ; , 170 ; , 42 ; , 35 ; , 5 ; , 28 ; 11 ; , 49 . BPM5 EBOPS IMF . : , , , , , , . // . . . . UNCATD . 172 199. . . 3 . 4.7 . 173 200. 4.9. 5 . . , , . . . . ( ) . . . ( 4~5 ). . . . . . . WIPO . . . . , . . . . 174 201. , . . , ( ) . . , CD . . ( ) , 2 MP3 . . . , . . , . ? . . . . . (HS) . ( HS 5206 ) , . CD . CD . , . . . ( ) . 175 202. ( ) . . . . 4.8 . . , . . . . . . . ( ) . , . . . , . ( 4) ( 1) . ( ) . (- ) . . . ( 2) . . 176 203. / / . . , . . . 1 . 4.8 . 2 4 .4.10. , . . . . 177 204. , . , . . . , . , . , . . . . . , , . . . . , . Alfred Korzybski . . Korzybski 1879 . . , 178 205. . 800 William of Ockham . !, . Verdana Matthew Carter , . . 1980 Korzybski . . . Eddi Ploman . . . . , . . . . , , 1998 . . . 10 1 . ? . . . , . . . . 179 206. . . . . . . 1/3 . . . . . . , . . . ? . . . . . ( ). , . , . ( ) . , , OECD . . , , . . . 180 207. . . . . . . . , . . , , , . . . . , , 50 . . (, , ) . (, , ) . . . . . . . . . Marshall McLuhan . ? . ? ITR . . . ( ) 181 208. . . . . , . . 1950 1990 . . , . . . . - , . , . . . . . 3 (creative divide) . . . . UNCTAD . . 182 209. 3 5 : 5.1 , . , . , WTO , , . , (UNESCOConventiononCulturalDiversity) . , . 2010 . , . , , . (Doha Round) , . , 5 2002-2008 . UNCTAD, . 9 . , , . , , . , 2008 (Creative Economy Report 183 210. 2008) . 2 , . , 4 , . . , . . . (cross-border trade) . , . , , , IPR . , . .5.2 : . , UNCTAD 2002 2670 2008 5920 . , 14% . . . 2002 2050 2008 4070 . ( 5.1 ) 11.5% 184 211. . , 2002 620 2008 1850 . 17% . . ( ) , . . . , . , . 2002 37% , 2008 43% . . 20% 2008 185 212. . 2008 83% 11% . ( 5.1a 5.1b )2008 , , . 12% . , , . GDP 1990 26% 2008 44% . . , , . . , . . . . 10 , . 2002 2008 14.4% . 2008 5920 . . 13.5% , 2002 2008 17.1% , . 5.3 186 213. 5.3.1 2002 14% 2008 5920 ( 5.2 ) . . 2002 2008 11.5% . 2008 4070 . . , 2002 2008 760 1760 2 .( 5.2 ) 2002-2008 17% 620 1850 . , 2008 31% . . 5.2 ( 5.3A 5.3b) 187 214. . .( 5.4A 5.4b) 2008 , 90%, / 80%, 75%, 50% . . . . 5.2 ( 5.3A 5.3b) . .( 5.4A 5.4b) 2008 , 90%, / 80%, 75%, 50% . . . , 65% . ( 5.4A 5.4b ). . 2002 534 2008 1224 . , .( 1.2a ). 1% .( 5.3 ) 188 215. 5.3.2 2002-2008 2,260 4,210 .( 5.4 ) 83% 75% . 2008, 940 . 22% . , 2.4% 2008 100 .( 1.2b ) 189 216. 5.5a , 2002-2008 . 5.5b , .( 59%) 5.5 . 75% , , . . 2002 280 2008 680 . , 63 160 3 . , 190 217. 16 57 . 344 16 . , .( 5 ).5.3.3 5.6 2002 2008 20 . , , , , , . , , , , 2008 20 . . 1.2a 1.2b .: 10 2002 1280 2008 2270 . . . 5.7 10 2008 . 1 . 2002 2008 10 .: 10 191 218. . 2002 320 2008 850 . 760 1760 . 4 3 . , .( 5.6 ) , 55 90 2 . , , . 2008 57 . , , . 192 219. 2002 2008 74 22 , . (2008 0.6%) , , , . . , . (LDC) . , , , . (Small island Developing States) . . 5.8 10 9 . 5 . . 5.3.4 2002 290 2008 790 . , 2008 550 . . 2008 10 5 7 . . 1/5 . 10 . , , , , . ( 5.7a 5.7b ) 193 220. 5.