UNI EN 626-1:2008

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Pagina IUNI EN 626-1:2008

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UNIEnte Nazionale Italianodi UnificazioneVia Sannio, 220137 Milano, Italia

UNI EN 626-1

NOVEMBRE 2008

Sicurezza del macchinarioRiduzione dei rischi per la salute derivanti da sostanze pericolose emesse dalle macchineParte 1: Principi e specifiche per i costruttori di macchine

Safety of machineryReduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers

La norma tratta i principi per il controllo dei rischi per la salute deri-vanti da sostanze pericolose emesse dalle macchine ad eccezionedelle sostanze che costituiscono un pericolo per la salute unica-mente a causa della loro natura esplosiva, infiammabile, radioat-tiva o dalle loro condizioni di temperatura (alta o bassa) o dipressione (alta o bassa).

TESTO INGLESE

La presente norma la versione ufficiale in lingua inglese dellanorma europea EN 626-1:1994+A1 (edizione giugno 2008).

La presente norma sostituisce la UNI EN 626-1:1996, che rimanetuttavia in vigore fino al 28 dicembre 2009.

ICS 13.110

Norma contenuta ne l l 'Opera "S icurezza de l lavoro ne i cant ier i " ex accordo de l 01/05/2012 t ra UNI e Wol ters K luwer I ta l ia .R iproduz ione v ie ta ta .

UNI Pagina IIUNI EN 626-1:2008

Le norme UNI sono elaborate cercando di tenere conto dei punti di vista di tutte le partiinteressate e di conciliare ogni aspetto conflittuale, per rappresentare il reale statodellarte della materia ed il necessario grado di consenso.Chiunque ritenesse, a seguito dellapplicazione di questa norma, di poter fornire sug-gerimenti per un suo miglioramento o per un suo adeguamento ad uno stato dellartein evoluzione pregato di inviare i propri contributi allUNI, Ente Nazionale Italiano diUnificazione, che li terr in considerazione per leventuale revisione della norma stessa.

Le norme UNI sono revisionate, quando necessario, con la pubblicazione di nuove edizioni odi aggiornamenti. importante pertanto che gli utilizzatori delle stesse si accertino di essere in possessodellultima edizione e degli eventuali aggiornamenti. Si invitano inoltre gli utilizzatori a verificare lesistenza di norme UNI corrispondenti allenorme EN o ISO ove citate nei riferimenti normativi.

PREMESSA NAZIONALELa presente norma costituisce il recepimento, in lingua inglese, del-la norma europea EN 626-1:1994+A1 (edizione giugno 2008), cheassume cos lo status di norma nazionale italiana.

La presente norma stata elaborata sotto la competenza dellaCommissione Tecnica UNISicurezza

La presente norma stata ratificata dal Presidente dellUNI ed entrata a far parte del corpo normativo nazionale il 13 novembre 2008.


EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

EN 626-1:1994+A1

June 2008

ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 626-1:1994

English Version

Safety of machinery - Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery - Part 1: Principles

and specifications for machinery manufacturers

Scurit des machines - Rduction des risques pour la sant rsultant de substances dangereuses mises par desmachines - Partie 1 : Principes et spcifications l'intention

des constructeurs de machines

Sicherheit von Maschinen - Reduzierung des Gesundheitsrisikos durch Gefahrstoffe, die von Maschinen

ausgehen - Teil 1: Grundstze und Festlegungen fr Maschinenhersteller

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 September 1994 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 May 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T E U R O P E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP IS C HES KOM ITEE FR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 626-1:1994+A1:2008: E

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Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................41 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................42 Normative references ............................................................................................................................43 Definitions ..............................................................................................................................................54 Risk assessment....................................................................................................................................55 Types of emissions................................................................................................................................76 Requirements and/or measures for elimination and/or reduction of risk........................................97 Information for use and maintenance................................................................................................108 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ...............................................................10Annex A (informative) Examples of measures for the reduction of exposure to hazardous

substances ...........................................................................................................................................11Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"""".......................................................................................13Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC""""...................................................................................14Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................15

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Foreword

This document (EN 626-1:1994+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 Safety of machinery, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008.

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-05-18.

This document supersedes EN 626-1:1994.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".

!Part 2 of this standard deals with the methodology of verification procedures."

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document."

The Annex A is informative and contains "Examples of measures for the reduction of exposure to hazardous substances", Annex B is informative and contains a "Bibliography".

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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Introduction

This standard has been produced to assist designers, manufacturers and other interested bodies to interpret the essential safety requirements in order to achieve conformity with European Legislation on machinery safety.

This is one of a programme of standards produced by CEN/CENELEC under mandates from CEC and EFTA. This programme has been divided into several categories to avoid duplication and to develop a logic which will enable rapid production of standards and easy cross reference between them.

The hierarchy of standards is as follows:

a) Type A standards (generic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery;

b) Type B standards (group safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safety related device that can be used across a wide range of machinery:

Type B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise, etc.);

Type B2 standards are safety related devices (e.g. two hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices etc.);

c) Type C standards (machine safety standards) giving detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines defined in the scope of the standard.

This is a type B1 standard and its primary purpose is to give guidance to the writers of type C standards when machines are identified as having hazardous substances as a significant risk. This standard may also be used as guidance in controlling the risk where there is no type C standard for a particular machine.

1 Scope

This European Standard deals with principles for the control of risks to health due to hazardous substances from machinery. This European Standard is not applicable to hazardous substances which are a hazard to health solely because of explosive, flammable, high or low temperature, high or low pressure or radioactive properties.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 292-1, Safety of machinery, basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.

EN 292-2, Safety of machinery, basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications.

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prEN 626-2, Safety of machinery, reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery Part 2: Methodology leading to verification procedures.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1intended use see EN 292-1

3.2hazardous substances any chemical or biological agent which is hazardous to health, e.g. substances or preparations classified as 1).

Very toxic;

Toxic;

Harmful;

Corrosive;

Irritant;

Sensitising;

Carcinogenic;

Mutagenic;

Teratogenic;

Pathogenic;

Asphyxiants;

4 Risk assessment

4.1 An identification of hazards and assessment of the foreseeable risks from substances hazardous to health shall be made by the machinery manufacturer. This shall cover, as far as it is possible, any potential personal exposures arising from the machine at any stage in its life.

NOTE Details of the methodology of the risk assessment are given in EN 292-1.

4.2 The level of risk depends on the hazardous properties of the substances, the likelihood that personal exposure will occur and the degree of exposure. The health effects of hazardous substances may be:

Short or long term;

1) For EEC countries see also 67/548/EEC and its amendments

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Reversible or irreversible.

4.3 Hazardous substances can be in any physical state (gases, liquids, solids) and can affect the body by:

Inhalation;

Ingestion;

Contact with the skin, eyes and mucous membranes;

Penetration through the skin.

4.4 The hazardous substances may arise from:

Any part of a machine;

Substances present in the machine;

Material arising directly or indirectly from articles and/or substances processed by the machine or used on the machine.

4.5 The stages in the life of a machine may include (see also EN 292-1):

Construction;

Transport and commissioning;

Transport;

Installation;

Commissioning;

Use;

Operation, including starting up and shutting down;

Failure;

Setting or process changeover;

Cleaning;

Adjustment;

Maintenance and repair;

De-commissioning, dismantling and, as far as safety is concerned, disposal.

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5 Types of emissions

5.1 Airborne emissions

5.1.1 Airborne emissions can be significant sources of exposure to hazardous substances. Inhalation is usually the most significant of all the routes of entry (see 4.3). In addition, airborne emissions may enter the body by the other routes particularly when substances are deposited on surfaces of the body or when they are ingested.

5.1.2 Airborne emissions may arise from various sources including:

Machining, e.g. sawing, grinding, sanding, milling;

Evaporation and thermal convection e.g. open tanks, crucibles, solvent baths;

Hot metal processes e.g. welding, brazing, soldering, profile cutting, casting;

Material handling e.g. hopper charging, pneumatic conveying, sack filling;

Spraying e.g. painting, high-pressure cleaning;

Leaks e.g. at pump seals, flanges;

By-products and effluents e.g. gases from drosses, rubber vulcanisation fumes;

Maintenance e.g. emptying filter bags;

Dismantling processes e.g. breaking lead batteries, stripping asbestos insulation;

Combustion of fuel e.g. internal combustion engine exhausts;

Apparatus for mixing food;

Metal working e.g. nitrosamines from water soluble metal working lubricants.

5.1.3 Some examples of airborne hazardous substances are as follows:

Respiratory irritants e.g. sulphur dioxide, chlorine, cadmium fume;

Sensitisers e.g. isocyanates, enzymes, colophon fumes;

Carcinogens e.g. asbestos, chromium VI, benzene, vinyl chloride monomer;

Fibrogenic dusts e.g. free crystalline silica, asbestos, cobalt;

Asphyxiants e.g. nitrogen, argon, methane;

Biological agents e.g. Legionella pneumophila, dusts from mouldy hay;

Substances which affect specific parts of the body e.g. mercury (nerve system, kidney); lead (nerve system, blood); carbon tetrachloride (nerve system, liver); carbon monoxide (blood).

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5.1.4 Airborne emissions may be subject to techniques of evaluation based on the measurement of concentrations of substances in the breathing zone of the persons involved. The results of such measurements are usually compared with suitable criteria.

5.1.5 There are many methods of sampling air and analysing the sample for airborne contaminants. Sampling methods and analytical techniques should be selected according to the nature of the airborne contaminant.

5.2 Non-airborne emissions

5.2.1 Non-airborne emissions can be significant sources of exposure to hazardous substances by ingestion, contact with skin, eyes or mucous membranes or penetration through the skin (see 4.3).

5.2.2 Non-airborne emissions may arise from various circumstances including:

Migration from open sources e.g. splashing and evaporation/condensation leading to secondary emissions;

Opening machinery e.g. for maintenance;

Entry into machinery e.g. for inspection;

Material handling e.g. charging, sampling, disposal;

Handling machinery parts e.g. dismantling;

Incorrect operation e.g. overfilling;

Leaks e.g. at pump seals, flanges;

Ruptures.

5.2.3 Exposure to non-airborne emissions can cause ill-health as a result of a variety of hazardous properties associated with different materials. Some examples include:

Corrosives e.g. sulphuric acid;

Irritants e.g. wet cement;

Sensitisers e.g. chromium compounds, epoxy resins;

Carcinogens e.g. used quenching oil, beryllium oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;

Biological agents e.g. infected cutting oils, infected blood.

The ill-health produced may be local to the point of contact or the results of effects elsewhere in the body (systemic or target organ). In some cases both situations may occur, e.g. phenol.

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5.2.4 Non-airborne emissions cannot be evaluated by measurements of concentration of substances in the air. Criteria based on these concentrations cannot be used. Other criteria may be established e.g. microbial concentrations in cutting oils.

5.2.5 In some cases it can be relevant to carry out quantitative assessments of surface contamination. The criteria to be applied should be based on both toxicological and practical considerations. Techniques for measuring such contamination include:

Chemical analyses of wipes;

Use of fluorescent tracers;

Colorimetric indications;

Count of microorganism.

6 Requirements and/or measures for elimination and/or reduction of risk

Risks of exposure to hazardous substances shall be reduced as far as practical, taking into account scientific and technical methods and limits relating to exposure and the external environment. In selecting the most appropriate methods of reducing risks, the manufacturer shall take measures to reduce the risks of exposure as close to the emission source as possible. The manufacturer shall apply the following principles, in the order given taking into account the state of the art:

Design of machinery to eliminate or prevent risks of exposure;

Design of machinery to reduce risks that cannot be eliminated, in the following order of priority:

Reduction of emission;

Reduction by ventilation or other engineering means;

Reduction of exposure by machinery operation or segregation;

Information about the residual risks to the user and advice to the user on additional measures to reduce exposure.

NOTE A detailed list of possible measures is given in annex A.

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7 Information for use and maintenance

7.1 Information for use

7.1.1 The manufacturer shall state in the instructions the intended uses of the machine, the hazardous substances which can arise from the machine (see 4.4) and the operating procedures. The manufacturer shall specify, when necessary, the level of competence to be achieved by training. The manufacturer shall give appropriate details in the instructions where setting and operating conditions of the machine can result in a reduction of risks.

7.1.2 When the machine is supplied with the means of reducing the risks to health the machinery manufacturer shall supply information on its correct use and factors that may adversely affect its performance.

7.1.3 When there is no such provision of the means of reducing the risk to health, such methods of reduction and/or testing which are suitable and proven shall be specified by the manufacturer.

7.1.4 If leaks, spills or uncontrolled releases of a hazardous substance can be foreseen, the manufacturer shall provide information to limit the extent of risks to health and to regain adequate control as soon as possible. The information should cover, where appropriate, emergency procedures, safe disposal of the substance and suitable protective equipment to enable the source of release to be safely identified and repairs to be made.

7.1.5 The manufacturer shall provide information on the necessary personal protective equipment and the hygiene arrangements.

7.2 Information for maintenance

The machinery manufacturer shall provide sufficient instructions for the maintenance of the machine without risk to health.

NOTE This may include the necessary maintenance to ensure the continuing effective reduction of emissions of hazardous substances. Implementation by the user may be achieved by a structured maintenance programme employing various functional and performance checks at suitable intervals as far as applicable.

EXAMPLE The elements of such a maintenance programme for the user of a mechanical vibrating screen may include regular checks on:

The physical condition of the hardware, including screen covers; inspection hatches etc., required to maintain the integrity of containment;

Gaskets and seals associated with covers and hatches to ensure that they are intact and functional;

Flexible connectors on feed and product lines to ensure that they are still connected and in good condition;

Extraction ventilation, checks include visual checks, routine mechanical inspection and ventilation performance testing;

The accumulation of material.

8 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

Methodology leading to verification procedures for the reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery is described in prEN 626-2.

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Annex A(informative)

Examples of measures for the reduction of exposure to hazardous substances

These examples may either be incorporated into the machinery design or provided as information for the user.

A.1 Elimination and prevention of risks

Elimination of the operation that causes the emission;

Selecting an alternative production process;

Selecting alternative operations;

Elimination of the use of the substance;

Substitution of hazardous materials by less hazardous alternatives, e.g. cadmium free silver solder;

Totally enclosed processes and handling systems e.g. enclosed pumps;

Remote controlled and automated processes.

A.2 Reduction of risks

A.2.1 Reduction of emission

Use of vapour return systems e.g. piping displaced air to supply tank;

Use of dust reduced forms e.g. pellets, granules, flakes or pastilles instead of powders;

Enclosed material handling systems;

Dust suppression by wetting;

Maintenance of valves, pumps and flanges;

Prevention of spills and leaks;

Use of liquids which are dust free when dried out, e.g. anti-stick soap solution used on unvulcanized rubber;

Immersion of shafts and seals of reactive liquids to absorb leaks of hazardous substances, e.g. isocyanate pumps;

Fitting covers, flexible or rigid barriers or floating balls to contain emissions from e.g. conveyors, tanks;

Condensation of vapours, e.g. in solvent degreasing tanks;

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Systems operated under negative pressure;

Process control, e.g. use of thermostats, pressure switches.

A.2.2 Reduction by ventilation

In most cases the descending order of effectiveness is:

Local exhaust ventilation from almost complete to partial enclosure;

Local exhaust ventilation without enclosure;

Air curtains;

General dilution ventilation, e.g. extraction with clean air inflow;

Ventilation by building design, e.g. hot processes in high buildings.

A.2.3 Information on reduction of exposure by management or segregation

Prohibition of non-essential access, e.g. to confined spaces or dangerous operations or high risk areas;

Separation of hazardous and non-hazardous operations, e.g. by partial enclosures, partitions or separate buildings;

Reduction of the number of employees exposed to hazards, e.g. by multiskill training or more efficient work practices;

Operation of processes from control rooms with visits to polluted areas only when needed;

Use of bund walls to prevent the spread of spillage;

Reduction of exposure time.

A.3 Information on residual risks and other measures

Regular cleaning or disinfection of contaminated walls, surfaces, etc.;

Provision of means for safe storage and disposal of substances hazardous to health;

Suitable personal protective equipment;

Prohibition of eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas;

Provision and maintenance of adequate facilities for washing, changing and storage of clothing, including suitable arrangements for laundering contaminated clothing;

Adequate information, instruction and training for appropriate personnel.

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Annex ZA (informative)

!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC

Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC

Qualifying remarks/Notes

All clauses Annex I, 1.5.13 Emission of dust, gases etc. WARNING Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard."

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Annex ZB (informative)

!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive Machinery 2006/42/EC.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZB.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZB.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC

Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 2006/42/EC

Qualifying remarks/Notes

All clauses Annex I, 1.5.13 Emissions of hazardous materials and substances

WARNING Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard."

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Bibliography

[1] 67/548/EEC Council Directive of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations on administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances

[2] 67/548/EEC announcement of the Commission according to article 2 of the decision 85/71/EEC of the Commission of 21 December 1984 on the list of substances registered according to Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances.

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UNI EN 626-1:2008