Unit 14:

Civil War

Military Battles

Lesson 66: The Reason for

Secession Dec 1860-June 1861: 11 states secede

from Union.

TN was last

Their goal: wanted to run their states w/out US gov interference (main issue: slavery)

Lincoln said he would allow slavery, but

Southerners didn’t trust Republicans

April 1861 – Confederates attacked US’s

Fort Sumter

Showed that South was willing to fight

South’s goal: for Union to leave them alone

North’s goal: to keep the country united

Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession

Differences between North and South

Population: North had twice as many people

Economy: North – industry (97% of all guns!) South – scattered

industry

Transportation: North – solid infrastructure, South – poor

transportation lines

Military: North – US army/navy, South – no army previously

formed

Leaders: South had higher concentration of experienced

military leaders

Allies: South hoped foreign powers would ally with them (b/c of cotton)

Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession

Military Strategies/Goals

North (Union)

1. Navel blockade (Cut off

South from trade)

2. Defend Washington D.C.

and attack the Confed

capital (Richmond, VA)

3. Divide the South by

controlling major

waterways: Mississippi,

Tennessee, and

Cumberland rivers (all in

TN)

South (Confederacy)

Defend their land

Fight well enough to

keep Union from winning

Hoped that England or

France would join war

on their side

Hoped that Northern

public opinion would

change

Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession

Preparing for War in TN

When TN seceded, many in

East TN wanted to leave the

state

Eventually the TN governor sent the militia (state’s army)

to East TN to keep control

Many East TN’s moved to

the North and about 31,000

joined the Union army (more

than from any other

Confederate state combined)

Lesson 66: The Reason for Secession

Preparing for War in TN

When TN seceded, many in

East TN wanted to leave the

state

Eventually the TN governor sent the militia (state’s army)

to East TN to keep control

Many East TN’s moved to

the North and about 31,000

joined the Union army (more

than from any other

Confederate state combined)

Neither side had single army

Lesson 67: TN Attacked by the Union

Fort Henry

Fort

Donelson

Fall of

Nashville

Battle of

Shiloh

Fall of West

TN

Battle of

Stones River

Lesson 67: TN Attacked by the Union

Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation

Issued during Battle of Stone’s River (Jan 1, 1863)

Lincoln: “Slaves in Confederate States are free!”

(Did not apply to TN, in Union hands, slaves already freed)

Why did Lincoln change his position?

1. To weaken the South (labor force)

2. Gave the North a clear moral cause

3. Prevented England/France from helping South

“The war to preserve the Union also became a war to guarantee

freedom for the slaves.” (p. 184)

Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years

Union Forces Take Control of Knoxville

Knoxville was impt

regional railroad hub

Public opinion divided

Knoxville occupied by

Confeds early in war

Aug 1863 – Union

General Ambrose

Burnside took control of

city (residents cheered

take over)

Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years

Chattanooga Falls to Union Army

Also major RR hub (Atlanta access)

Fall 1863 –Union forces take Chattanooga

By years’ end, all of TN was under Union control (and most fighting occurred outside of TN until late 1864)

Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years

Battles of Franklin and Nashville

Nov 1864 - Battle of Franklin

(Atlanta had fallen, war nearly over)

Confed Gen Hood retreated to Chattanooga (hoping to reconnect with Gen Lee via Kentucky)

Moved from Chattanooga to try to capture Union-held Nashville, was defeated at Franklin

Dec 1864 – Union forces attacked Hood’s army and defeated it. Ended fighting in TN (and the West)

Lesson 68: The War’s Last Years

Defeat for the Confederacy and

Victory for Union

April 1865 - Gen Lee surrendered to Gen Grant in VA

Union forces moved back into Fort Sumter and raised the flag on April 14, 1865 (exactly 4 yrs after the fort surrendered)

That same night, President Lincoln was shot while attending a play and died the next morning

Lesson 69: TN’s Involvement in the War

Admiral David Farragut

Born near Knoxville

Long-serving officer in US Navy

Led the naval takeover of New

Orleans (April 1862)

Summer 1864 – Conquered Mobile

Bay, became hero

1866 – Made Admiral (first person to

hold that rank)

City of Farragut in East TN is named

for him

Lesson 70: Profiles

Sam Davis

1. With your table, read his

story (page 189)

2. Discuss – Do you think

he was a hero? Do you

think he was serving

God?

3. Share in general

discussion

Lesson 70: Profiles

Nathan B. Forrest

1. With your table, read his

story (page 189-190)

2. Discuss – Should we

continue to honor him

(state park, statues, etc)?

3. Share in general discussion

Lesson 70: Profiles

Fannie Battle

1. With your table, read her story

(page 190)

2. Discuss – Why do you think she

became a Confederate spy?

3. Share in general discussion