Unit 14 Have you packed yet?

Unit 14 Have you packed yet?

教学目标

重点词与短语

课文解析与翻译

本单元语法

习题 (现在完成时 )

重点词与短语

suit

• vt. 适合，适宜于。• Suit sb fine/well 正合某人的意• Blue suits her very well, I think.• 我认为蓝色很适合她。• Fit为动词，意思是合适，但常用于大小，尺寸合适。 Suit指颜色或款式合适

• The coat doesn’t fit me. 这件衣服我穿着不合身。• This dress suits you beautifully.• 这件衣服你穿非常合适。

• Suit还作名词，意为一套衣服• A man’s suit 一套男装• A woman’s suit 一套女装• A cheap suit 一套便宜衣服• A suit of clothes 一套衣服

water

• v. 浇灌，浇水• Water作浇水，浇灌时是一个及物动词，其后接名词、代词作宾语。

• It is very dry. We must water the roses.

• 气候太干燥了。我们必须浇一浇玫瑰花。• The farmland needs water and let’s water i

t. 第一个 water为名词，第二个是动词。• 农田需要水，我们给它浇水吧。

• Water作水的意思时，为不可数名词，泛指时前通常不用冠词，在表示特指意义时，其前可用冠词。

• I want to drink water. 我想要喝水。• The water in the glasses is dirty.• 杯子里的水很脏。• Water的复数形式用来指某一江、河、湖、海的水域，领海，海域。

• We were still in British waters.• 我们仍在英国的海域上。

wood

• n. 木头；木材• Wood作木头，木材时，为不可数名词。一块木头 a piece of wood。

• He started to chop wood at am.

• 他清晨五点开始劈木头。• Peter used many pieces of wood to build a

house model.

• 彼得用很多块木头建了一个房屋模型。

• Wood作树木，林地的时候为可数名词，指面积较小的森林

• Sam lives in a nearby wood and often goes to gather wood in the woods.

• 萨姆住在附近的林子里，他经常去树林里拾柴。

light

• v. 点燃，点着• Light作点燃，点着时既可以作为及物动词，也可以作为不及物动词。过去式和过去分词都为 lit。

• Light the fire if you feel chilly.

• 如果你感到冷就把火点着。• Wet wood doesn’t light easily.

• 湿木头不易点燃。

hit

• n. 成功且轰动一时的事物，打击，碰撞• v. 打击，碰撞• Hit作名词，意为成功且轰动一时的事物• Who moved my cheese was a big hit at that time.• 《谁动了我的奶酪》在那时非常受欢迎。• The concert was quite a hit in Chicago.• 这场音乐会在芝加哥曾轰动一时。• Hit作名词还有打击，碰撞的意思• She gave her brother a hard hit on the head.• 她朝她弟弟的头上狠打了一下。

• Hit作动词，意为打击，碰撞，过去式与过去分词都为 hit。

• The falling tree hit a car.

• 倒下的树砸着了一辆小汽车。• The baby hit his forehead against the corn

er of a desk and began to cry.

• 这个孩子的额头在书桌的桌角上碰了一下，于是大哭起来。

• Hit指击中，强调结果，有时也指打一下。而 beat指不断打。 Strike常指猛地一击，在击的程度上比前两个要强。

appear

• 1. appear to do sth. 似乎要……。• He appears to have a lot of money. 他似乎很有钱。

• He appeared not to notice anything. 他似乎没看见什么。

• 注：有时不定式用进行式或完成式等。• It appears to be raining. 似乎在下雨。• You appear to have traveled a lot. 看来你去过不少地方。

• 2. appears that [as if]… 似乎……。 • It appears that [as if] he will win. 看来他会赢。• It appeared that he didn’t like her. 似乎他并不喜欢她。

• 注：以上句型有时可与后接不定式的结构转换。• It appears that you have made a mistake. / You

appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。

• 3. There appears to be… 似乎……。• There appears to be no danger now. 现在似乎没有危险了。

• 注：该句型有时可与后接 that 从句的句型转换。There seems to have been a mistake. / It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。

turn

• n. 顺序 , 轮流 • It's one's turn to do sth.

• 轮到某人做某事 It's your turn to make a decision.

• take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns

• 轮流做某事

purpose

• 用作名词，主要意思为“目的”“目标” • 1. 表示做某事的目的，通常用 the purpose of 的结构。：• What was the purpose of his visit? 他来访的目的是什么 ?• He came here with [for] the purpose of seeing his family. 他来这里的目的是探亲。

• 若 purpose 前用了物主代词，则通常连用介词 in。：• What is your purpose in being here? 你在这儿干什么 ?• Her purpose in going to Japan is to look for her uncle. 她去日本的目的是找她叔叔。

• 以下结构也用介词 in。如：• I have a purpose in making this trip to Europe. 我这次欧

洲之行是有目的的。

• 2. 表示为了某种目的，通常用 for…purposes（其中的 purpose通常用复数）。如：

• He keeps a horse for pleasure purposes. 他为消遣而养马。

• He learns Japanese for business purposes. 他学习日语是为做生意。

• 类似的例子有： for medical purposes （为了医学的目的）， for defense purposes （为了防御之目的）， for scientific purposes （为了科学的目的）， English for commercial purposes （商业英语）等。

• 3. 用于 on purpose, 意为“有意地”“故意地”。如：

• I came here on purpose to see you. 我是特意来看你的。

• She broke the dish on purpose just to show her anger. 她故意打破碟子以表示她的愤怒。

• 4. 用于 to little (no, some) purpose，表示“几乎徒劳（毫无成效，有一定效果）地”。如：

• Money has been invested in the scheme to very little purpose. 资金已投入那计划中却几无成效。

• We spoke to little purpose. His mind was clearly made up already. 我们说的话不起作用，他显然早已下定决心了。

课文解析与翻译

Don’t miss the New Ocean Waves!

• Do you like pop music? Most people do. One of the best bands on the music scene is the New Ocean Waves. In the last twelve months, they’ve had three major concerts and made a bit CD. They’re going to appear on CCTV next month. And then they’re going to go on a world tour in which they will perform in ten different cities. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you- if you can get tickets, that is.

• “ For years, we played other people’s songs,” says lead singer Zhu Wen. “But now we play mostly our own songs. We’re had a few songs in the top ten, but we really hope to have a number one hit some day.” Good luck to the New Ocean Waves. They’re off to a great start. And they’re really nice people. Did you know that they gave half of the money they made to a charity for homeless children?

不要错过新海潮乐队 !

• 你喜欢流行音乐吗？大多数人喜欢它。“新海波”在音乐舞台上（活跃）的最佳乐队之一。在过去 12个月，他们举行了三场大型音乐会并且制作一张风靡一时的 CD 唱片。下个月他们将在中国中央电视台（与大家）见面。然后他们将去 10个不同的城市做世界巡回演出。如果他们来你的城市附近，请务必不要错过——如果你能得到票的话。

• “多年来，我们演奏了其他人的歌曲。”领唱朱文说。 “但是，我们现在主要是表演我们自己的歌曲。“我们有几首歌曲进入了（歌曲排行榜）的前世，但我们真的希望能有一天取得轰动一时的第一。” 祝新海浪好运！他们有一个很好的开端。他们真的是好人。你知道他们将挣得的一半的钱捐给了帮助无家可归的儿童的机构吗？

He’s already visited the place where his ancestors lived.

• Have you been back to the place where your ancestors lived, worded, studied and played? Robert Qian, a Chinese Canadian, already has. Now in China, he has found that his family is like a tall tree with long roots.

• Robert is just one young overseas Chinese who has come to visit his ancestors’ homeland, as part of the In Search of Roots summer camp program. The program is organized by the local government of Guangdong Province. This program started in 1980, and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students to China to look for their families’ roots. The young people are usually between 16 and 25 years old. Most, like Robert, can hardly speak any Chinese, and have never been to China before.

• The students mainly visit parts of Guangdong Province in southern China. During the two-week camp , they study Chinese culture, see changes that have happened in that area, and visit interesting sights. Going to their ancestors’ village is often the most exciting part of the trip. The students feel that they are part of the village, and experience village life. They drink from the village well, go for walks through the countryside, and watch the villagers do their dailyactivities.

• Cathy Qin, a young American student, had this to say, “ Thanks to In Search of Roots, I am beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. It has been a great trip, and I have so many memories of China to take with me.”

• The program leaders believe strongly in the program, and say that the purpose of it is to give young overseas Chinese the chance to learn more about themselves. “ I’ve really enjoyed the trip so far,” says Robert. “ This has been a big step for me, and I’m looking forward to finding out more about my roots during my time here.”

他已经参观了他祖先生活过的地方• 你曾经回到你的祖先生活、工作、学习和玩耍过的地方吗？罗伯特 ·钱，一个加拿大华人，已经做过了。现在在中国，他发现他的家族像一棵拥有长根系的高大树木。

• 罗伯特正是来探望他祖先的家园的一位年轻的华侨，（他的寻访）是“寻根”夏令营活动的一部分。这项活动是由广东省的当地政府组织的。这项活动开始于 1980 年，并且迄今已使成千上万名海外华人学生到中国寻找他们家族的根源。这些年轻人通常在 16 至 25 岁之间。大多数，像罗伯特，几乎不会讲任何中文，而且以前从未到过中国。

• 这些学主要访问了位于中国南部广东省的部分地区。在为期两周的夏令营活动中，他们学习中国文化，了解了那个地区发生的变化，并访问感兴趣的景点。回到他们的祖先住过的村庄往往是最激动人心的部分。这些学生感到他们就是村子的一部分，而且体验了乡村生活。他们喝村里的井水，在乡村散步，并观看了村民们的日常活动。

• 凯蒂 · 秦，一名年轻的美国学生，这样说：“感谢寻找根源，我开始明白我的中国根，和我是谁。这是一个伟大的旅行，并且我有这么多中国的回忆伴随着我。”

• 该计划的领导人坚信这项计划并说它的目的是让年轻的海外华人有机会更多地了解自己。“到目前为止我真的喜欢这次旅行，”罗伯特说。“对我来说这已经是一大步，并且我期待我在这儿期间发现更多有关我祖辈的事情。”

本单元语法

现在完成时

现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时描述的是过去发生而与现现在完成时描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事或状态在情况有关的事或状态 ,, 或是从过去或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况情况 ,, 换言之换言之 ,, 现在完成时表现的是现在完成时表现的是

从过去到现在的事情从过去到现在的事情

现在完成时的形式现在完成时的形式• 0101 现在完成时的肯定句现在完成时的肯定句• 主语主语 (I We You,(I We You, 第三人称复数第三人称复数 )+have+)+have+ 过去过去

分词分词• 主语主语 (( 第三人称单数第三人称单数 )+has+)+has+ 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词• 例例 :I have already finished the housework.:I have already finished the housework.• 我已经做完家务了我已经做完家务了 ..• 例例 :I have been busy all the day.:I have been busy all the day.• 我今天一天都很忙我今天一天都很忙 ..

• 例例 :My father has read today's newspap:My father has read today's newspaper.er.

• 我爸爸已经看了今天的报纸了我爸爸已经看了今天的报纸了 ..

• 例例 :Mary has just finished the homewor:Mary has just finished the homework which her teacher ordered.k which her teacher ordered.

• 玛丽刚刚完成老师布置的作业玛丽刚刚完成老师布置的作业 ..

0202现在完成时的否定句现在完成时的否定句• 主语主语 +have/has+not++have/has+not+ 过去分词过去分词• 例例 :The concert hasn't /has not started :The concert hasn't /has not started

yet.yet.

• 音乐会还没有开始音乐会还没有开始 ..

• 例例 :They haven't/have not gotten to Lon:They haven't/have not gotten to London yet.don yet. 他们还没有到达伦敦他们还没有到达伦敦 ..

• 例例 :I haven't graduated from the univers:I haven't graduated from the university yet. ity yet. 我还没有完成我的大学学业呢我还没有完成我的大学学业呢 ..

0303现在完成时的一般疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句• Have/Has +Have/Has + 主语主语 ++ 过去分词过去分词• 例例 :A::A:HasHas the concert the concert startedstarted ? ?

• 音乐会开始了没音乐会开始了没 ??

• B:Yes,it B:Yes,it hashas.. 是的开始了是的开始了 ..

• B:No, it B:No, it hasn'thasn't 不不 ,, 还没有开始还没有开始 ..

• 例例 :A:Have you finished your homework?:A:Have you finished your homework?

• 你做完功课了没有你做完功课了没有 ??

• B:Yes, I have.B:Yes, I have. 是的我做完了是的我做完了 ..

• B:No, I haven't B:No, I haven't 不不 ,, 我没做完我没做完 ..

0404现在完成时的特殊疑问句现在完成时的特殊疑问句

• 现在完成时的特殊疑问句分为两种情况现在完成时的特殊疑问句分为两种情况 ,, 以下以下将分别进行介绍将分别进行介绍 ::

• 1 1 疑问词做主语时疑问词做主语时• 句型句型 :: 疑问词疑问词 (( 主语主语 )+have/has+)+have/has+ 过去分词过去分词 ++• 例例 :A:Who has /have bought these apples?:A:Who has /have bought these apples?• 谁买了这些苹果谁买了这些苹果 ??• B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have boughB:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bough

t them.t them. 罗斯罗斯 // 罗斯的朋友们买的罗斯的朋友们买的 ..

• 2.2. 疑问词做主语以外的成份时疑问词做主语以外的成份时 ..

• 句型句型 :: 疑问词疑问词 +have/has++have/has+ 主语主语 ++ 过去分词过去分词++……

• A: How long have you lived here?A: How long have you lived here?

• B: IB: I’’ve lived here for nearly 6 years.ve lived here for nearly 6 years.

• A: How many times have you been to SA: How many times have you been to Spain.pain.

• B: I have been to Spain five times.B: I have been to Spain five times.

现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法• 1.1.概述概述 ::

形式形式用法用法意义意义

Have/hasHave/has++ 动词的过动词的过

去分词去分词

继续继续表示从过去继续到现在的动作或表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态状态

经验经验表示过去某时到现在的经验表示过去某时到现在的经验

完成完成表示现在刚完成的动作表示现在刚完成的动作

结果结果表示现在是表示现在是 ““做了做了…”…”的结果的结果

• 表示表示 ““继续继续””的现在完成时的现在完成时• TomTom’’s grandfather has worked here for s grandfather has worked here for

nearly 30 years.nearly 30 years.

• He has been sick since last week.He has been sick since last week.

• Miss Chen has waited for him for the wMiss Chen has waited for him for the whole dayhole day

• 表示表示 ““经验经验””的现在完成时的现在完成时• I have visited London twice.I have visited London twice.

• Have you ever been to Hawaii ?Have you ever been to Hawaii ?

• 表示表示 ““完成完成””的现在完成时的现在完成时• Susan has just finished her homework.Susan has just finished her homework.

• Has he finished his work yet?Has he finished his work yet?

• I have already done the housework coI have already done the housework completely.mpletely.

• 表示表示 ““结果结果””的现在完成时的现在完成时• My brother has become a lawyerMy brother has become a lawyer

• I have lost my dictionaryI have lost my dictionary

• I have bought a new dictionary.I have bought a new dictionary.

• 现在完成时四种用法的时间状语现在完成时四种用法的时间状语 ..

• 继续继续 : since ,for ,how long: since ,for ,how long……?, all ?, all

• 经验经验 : often , ever , never , before , once : often , ever , never , before , once , , …… times times 等等 ..

• 完成完成 : already , just , yet : already , just , yet 等等 ..

• 结果结果 : : 不需要时间状语不需要时间状语 ..

• 2 2 表示继续的现在完成时表示继续的现在完成时• 肯定句肯定句 : Li Ming: Li Ming’’s elder brother has stus elder brother has stu

died in Peking University for five years.died in Peking University for five years.

• 否定句否定句 : We haven: We haven’’t seen each other all t seen each other all this month.this month.

• 疑问句疑问句 ::

• A: How long have you known your boy A: How long have you known your boy friend?friend?

• B: I have known him since he came herB: I have known him since he came here six months agoe six months ago

• 01 01 基本用法基本用法• 表示继续意义的现在完成时说明过去的动表示继续意义的现在完成时说明过去的动

作一直延续到现在作一直延续到现在 ,, 也就是说从过去某时开也就是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态始的动作、状态 ,, 一直持续到现在一直持续到现在 .. 此时此时 ,,往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语状语 .. 举例如下举例如下 ::

• ① ① I began to study English three years I began to study English three years ago.ago.

• 我三年前开始学英语我三年前开始学英语• ② ② I still study English now.I still study English now.

• 我现在仍然在学英语我现在仍然在学英语• ③ ③ I have studied English since three yeI have studied English since three ye

ars ago.ars ago. 自从三年前我就开始学英语了自从三年前我就开始学英语了 ..

• 现在完成时这一时态就是动作在过去发生现在完成时这一时态就是动作在过去发生 ,,但也一定要和现在有关系但也一定要和现在有关系 ,, 否则就用过去时否则就用过去时 ..如上例如上例 1 1 只表示月日只表示月日 ““三年前我学过英三年前我学过英语语””与现在没关系与现在没关系 ,, 而如果用了现在完成时而如果用了现在完成时 ,,即使不出现时间状语也表示与现在有关系即使不出现时间状语也表示与现在有关系 ,,即即 ““现在仍然在学英语现在仍然在学英语””

• 表示继续的动词表示继续的动词• 在英语中能用现在完成时表示动作延续到在英语中能用现在完成时表示动作延续到

现在的动词比较少现在的动词比较少 ,, 常用的有常用的有 ::• Have been toHave been to 已经去过了已经去过了……• Have lived Have lived 已经住了已经住了……• Have studied Have studied 已经学了已经学了……• Have usedHave used 已经使用了已经使用了……• Have workedHave worked 已经工作了已经工作了……

• Have knownHave known 已经认识了已经认识了……• Have stayed Have stayed 已经停留了已经停留了……• Have taught Have taught 已经教了已经教了……• Have wanted to Have wanted to 已经想要已经想要……

• 常用的时间状语常用的时间状语 ::• All this week All this week 整个这一周整个这一周 ..• AlwaysAlways 总是总是• How long How long 多长时间多长时间• Often Often 常常常常• All day All day 整天整天• For+For+ 时间多长时间多长 (( 时间时间 ))• Lately Lately 最近最近

• Recently Recently 最近最近• Since+Since+ 过去某时自从过去某时自从……• Today Today 今天今天• Up to now Up to now 直到现在直到现在• During the past/last days (years, monthDuring the past/last days (years, month

s)s)

• 在过去的在过去的 // 前些日子前些日子 (( 年年 ,, 月月…… ))

• In the past/ last years (months,days)In the past/ last years (months,days)

• 在过去的年在过去的年 (( 月月 ,, 日日…… ))

• These days (months, yearsThese days (months, years……))

• 这些天这些天 (( 月月 ,, 年年…… ))

• This week (month, yearThis week (month, year……))

• 这个星期这个星期 (( 月月 ,, 年年…… ))

• For + For + 时间时间• For For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字 ,, 也也

可以是泛指的时间可以是泛指的时间 ,, 如如 a long time , severa long time , several days , some time(al days , some time( 一些时间一些时间 ))

• I have lived here for a long time.I have lived here for a long time.

• She has been busy for five days.She has been busy for five days.

• He studied in Peking University for 4 yeHe studied in Peking University for 4 years in 1960ars in 1960’’s.s.

• Since + Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子表示过去的时间的单词或句子 ..

• ①①Since +Since + 表示过去的时间的词表示过去的时间的词 ,, 表示从过表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在去某时开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在 ,,此时此时 since since 是介词是介词 .. 常见的时间状语如下常见的时间状语如下 ::

• Since three years agoSince three years ago

• Since two months agoSince two months ago

• Since thenSince then 从那时以来从那时以来• Since 2005,Since 2005, 从从 20052005 年以来到现在年以来到现在

• Mike has been sick since yesterday/last Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night.night.

• 迈克从昨天迈克从昨天 // 昨晚以来就病了昨晚以来就病了 ..

• ②②since+since+ 句子句子 (( 过去时过去时 ),), 此过去时的句子此过去时的句子相当于相当于 ““ since+since+ 表示过去的时间表示过去的时间””只不过只不过用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态用过去时的动词表示过去的动作或状态 ,, 此此时时 sincesince 是连词是连词 ..

We We have knownhave known each other since we wer each other since we were children.e children.

当我们还是孩子的时候当我们还是孩子的时候 ,, 我们就认识了我们就认识了 ..

We We have livedhave lived here since we moved here here since we moved here in 2001in 2001

我们自从我们自从 20012001 年搬到这儿来后年搬到这儿来后 ,, 一直住在这一直住在这儿儿 ..

• Since Since 引导的从句中的动词用过去时引导的从句中的动词用过去时 ,, 而而主句原则上是用现在完成时主句原则上是用现在完成时 ,, 但但 it is +it is + 时间时间……句型除外句型除外 ..

• It is ten years since we left.It is ten years since we left.

• 自从我们离开已经有十年了自从我们离开已经有十年了 ..

• ③③how longhow long…… 表示多长时间表示多长时间 ,, 多久多久 ..

• 回答回答 ““ how long +have/has +how long +have/has + 主语主语 ++ 过过去分词去分词…”…”这样的现在完成时的问句时这样的现在完成时的问句时 ,, 常常用用 forfor…… 和和 sincesince…… 的句子的句子 .. 但和但和 ““ for+for+时间时间””一样一样 ,how long ,how long 不仅用于完成时还不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态可用于其他时态 ..

• A: How long have you worked in this faA: How long have you worked in this factory ?ctory ?

• 你在这个工厂工作多长时间了你在这个工厂工作多长时间了 ??

• B: IB: I’’ve worked in this factory for 3 years.ve worked in this factory for 3 years.

• 我已经在这个工厂工作三年了我已经在这个工厂工作三年了 ..

• B: IB: I’’ve worked in this factory since I grave worked in this factory since I graduated from university.duated from university.

• 自从我大学毕业后自从我大学毕业后 ,, 我就在这个工厂工作了我就在这个工厂工作了 ..

• How long did you study Chinese last yeHow long did you study Chinese last year?ar?

• 去年你学了多长时间的汉语去年你学了多长时间的汉语 ..

• ““whenwhen……??”” 疑问句不可以用现在完成时疑问句不可以用现在完成时 ,,因为因为 ““ whenwhen…”…” 疑问句是用来询问时间的疑问句是用来询问时间的 ,,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间 ..

• (( 正正 )when did you visited Beijing?)when did you visited Beijing?

• (( 误误 )when have you visited Beijing?)when have you visited Beijing?

• ④④all +all + 时间时间• All day(All day( 一整天一整天 ),all this morning(),all this morning( 今天一今天一

整个早上整个早上 ,)all week(,)all week( 一整个星期一整个星期 )) 等时间等时间状语除了和现在完成时连用外状语除了和现在完成时连用外 ,, 变可和其他变可和其他时态连用时态连用 ..

• Nacy has had a stomachache all day.Nacy has had a stomachache all day.• 南希胃疼了一天南希胃疼了一天 ..• Before liberation the peasants worked aBefore liberation the peasants worked a

ll day, but they got little.ll day, but they got little.

• ⑤⑤ 其他其他 : always, often ,these days (mon: always, often ,these days (months), recently /lately ,so far, up to now ,tths), recently /lately ,so far, up to now ,till/ until now , in the last few years.ill/ until now , in the last few years.

• Always (Always ( 总是总是 ), often (), often ( 常常常常 ) ) ，， these dthese days (monthsays (months……)()( 这几天这几天 ,, 这几个月这几个月…… )) 这这几个词和词组都是既可以和完成时连用几个词和词组都是既可以和完成时连用 ,, 也也可以和其他的时态连用可以和其他的时态连用 ..

• Recently/lately(Recently/lately( 最近最近 ,, 近来近来 ),), 表示包括现表示包括现在在内的时间在在内的时间 ,,所以常常和现在完成时连用所以常常和现在完成时连用 ..

• So far/up to now(So far/up to now( 到目前为止到目前为止 ), till/untill ), till/untill now(now( 到现在到现在 ),), 皆和现在密切关联皆和现在密切关联 ,,所以往所以往往用现在完成时往用现在完成时 ..

• In the last /past few years.(In the last /past few years.( 在过去的几在过去的几年中年中 ))

• 这样的时间状语这样的时间状语 ,, 一般用于现在完成时一般用于现在完成时 (( 也也可用于过去时可用于过去时 ))

• WeWe’’ve always/ often seen him jog in the mve always/ often seen him jog in the morning.orning.

• 我们经常看到他晨跑我们经常看到他晨跑• Nancy hasnNancy hasn’’t gone to school recently/latelt gone to school recently/latel

y.y.• 南希最近南希最近 // 近来没有去上学近来没有去上学 ..• Three students have been rescued so far .Three students have been rescued so far .• 截止到目前截止到目前 ,, 已有三句学生获救已有三句学生获救 ..• We have learned about 2,000 words in the We have learned about 2,000 words in the

pas few years.pas few years.

表示经验的现在完成时表示经验的现在完成时• 肯定句肯定句 : I have seen the film three times.: I have seen the film three times.

• 否定句否定句 : I: I’’ve never seen the film.ve never seen the film.

• 疑问句疑问句 : Have you ever been to UK?: Have you ever been to UK?

• 01 01 基本用法基本用法 ::

• 表示经验的现在完成时表示经验的现在完成时 ,, 说明从过去起到现说明从过去起到现在的经验在的经验 ,, 即从过去到现在之间曾经经历或即从过去到现在之间曾经经历或做过的事情做过的事情 .. 说明如下说明如下 ::

• 1.1. 过去时过去时 ::• Helen read the novel three years ago anHelen read the novel three years ago an

d she read the novel again and again.d she read the novel again and again.• (( 海伦在三年前曾看过这问小说海伦在三年前曾看过这问小说 ,, 后来又看后来又看

了几遍了几遍 .).)• 2.2. 现在时现在时 ::• Now Helen knows the novel(or: Now HeNow Helen knows the novel(or: Now He

len remembers the novel)len remembers the novel) 现在海伦知道现在海伦知道 //记得这问小说了记得这问小说了 ..

• 3.3. 现在完成时现在完成时 ::• Helen has read the novel three times.Helen has read the novel three times.• 这问小说海伦看过三次这问小说海伦看过三次 ..• 用了现在完成时用了现在完成时 ,, 就表示动作是过去做的就表示动作是过去做的 ,,

但对于此事或此物当事人现在还有印象但对于此事或此物当事人现在还有印象 ,, 还还记得住记得住 ..所以表示经验的现在完成时时所以表示经验的现在完成时时 ,, 有有时不用时间状语也可以时不用时间状语也可以 ..

• Oh ,you are talking about that novel, ItOh ,you are talking about that novel, It’’s wonderful. Is wonderful. I’’ve read itve read it . .

• 现在完成时表示过去经历过的事情，做过现在完成时表示过去经历过的事情，做过的事情。海伦过去看过三次这部小说，这的事情。海伦过去看过三次这部小说，这三次都是过去做过的事情。用现在完成时，三次都是过去做过的事情。用现在完成时，就表示过去的这个经历和现在有关系，即就表示过去的这个经历和现在有关系，即暗指现在海伦还记得它，或都这部小说给暗指现在海伦还记得它，或都这部小说给她印象很深等。所以③这个句子包含①②她印象很深等。所以③这个句子包含①②两句的意思。两句的意思。

• 如果只用过去时①如果只用过去时① ,, 那么就表示过去和现在那么就表示过去和现在没有关系，只是陈述了 “过去看过这部小没有关系，只是陈述了 “过去看过这部小说”这个客观事实。说”这个客观事实。

• 02 02 常用的时间状语常用的时间状语• 表示经验的现在完成时，常和下列时间状表示经验的现在完成时，常和下列时间状

语连用：语连用：

Before Before 以前以前 ever ever 迄今，到此为止迄今，到此为止

Many times Many times 许多次许多次 never never 一次也没有，从未一次也没有，从未

Often Often 经常经常 once once 一次一次

……timestimes…… ……次次 twice twice 两次两次

• ①① 置于句中的时间状语（副词）：置于句中的时间状语（副词）：often, ever, never, ever often, ever, never, ever 用于疑用于疑问句中，问句中， nevernever 用于否定句中。这用于否定句中。这些副词在句中的位置是固定的，要些副词在句中的位置是固定的，要放在助动词放在助动词 have/hashave/has 的后面，过的后面，过去分词的前面，如下：去分词的前面，如下：

• 主语主语 +have/has++have/has+副词副词 ++ 过去分词过去分词 ++…………• We have often read Beijing Youth DaiWe have often read Beijing Youth Dai

ly.ly.• 我们经常阅读《北京青年》。我们经常阅读《北京青年》。• AA：： Have you ever seen a UFO?Have you ever seen a UFO?• B: Yes, I have.B: Yes, I have.• B: No, I havenB: No, I haven’’tt

• I have never drunk pop.I have never drunk pop. 我从不我从不喝汽水。喝汽水。

• The boy has never finished reaThe boy has never finished reading the whole book since I tauding the whole book since I taught him.ght him.

• 自从我教这个小男孩以来，他从来自从我教这个小男孩以来，他从来没读完过一本书。没读完过一本书。

• Never Never 用于否定句中，表示语气强烈用于否定句中，表示语气强烈• ②② 放在句末的时间状语：表频度的副词，放在句末的时间状语：表频度的副词，

before,yetbefore,yet

• She has read the poem three times.She has read the poem three times.

• 她已经读了这首诗三遍了。她已经读了这首诗三遍了。• I have taught English in this school befI have taught English in this school bef

ore.ore.

• 我以前曾在这个学校教英语我以前曾在这个学校教英语

• ③③ 放在句首，常用来对时间提问的疑问词放在句首，常用来对时间提问的疑问词• How often, how many timesHow often, how many times……..

• How often/How many times+have/has+How often/How many times+have/has+主语主语 ++ 过去分词过去分词…… .?.?

• 用于询问频率、次数的场合用于询问频率、次数的场合

• A: How often have you seen the film?A: How often have you seen the film?

• B: Only once/twice a month.B: Only once/twice a month.

• A: How many times have you been to A: How many times have you been to that country?that country?

• B: Many times.B: Many times.

• 03 have/has been03 have/has been 的用法的用法• 由由 have/has have/has 与与 be be 动词的过去分词构成动词的过去分词构成

的的 ““ have/has beenhave/has been……..”” 表达的意思比较表达的意思比较复杂，要注意根据上下文及句子情景去正复杂，要注意根据上下文及句子情景去正确使用它。其用法以图表说明如下：确使用它。其用法以图表说明如下：

形式形式意义意义用法用法

Have/has Have/has been to been to

表示表示 ““曾经去过曾经去过…”…”

经验经验

表示表示 ““到到……去过去过了了””

完成完成

Have/has Have/has been inbeen in

表示表示““曾在曾在…… ..”” 经验经验

表示表示““一直在一直在…… ..”” 继续继续

• ①①have been to have been to

• I have been to the Summer Palace twice.I have been to the Summer Palace twice.

• 我曾去过颐和园两次（经验）我曾去过颐和园两次（经验）• I have been to the museum to see the eI have been to the museum to see the e

xhibition .xhibition .

• 我到博物馆看展览了。（完成）我到博物馆看展览了。（完成）

• Have/has been to Have/has been to 用于用于““经验经验””，表示，表示““曾去过曾去过……”……”时，常和时，常和 never,often,oncnever,often,once,twicee,twice 等频度副词连用。等频度副词连用。

• I have often been to Korea.I have often been to Korea.

• 我曾经常去韩国我曾经常去韩国

• ②②have been inhave been in

• We have been in home for the whole daWe have been in home for the whole day.y.

• 我在家呆了一整天。（继续）我在家呆了一整天。（继续）• Have you ever been in America ?Have you ever been in America ?

• 你曾在美国待过吗？你曾在美国待过吗？

• 在句子在句子 have/has been in / to have/has been in / to …….. 中中 in/to in/to 后面跟的是名词，如果是副词后面跟的是名词，如果是副词 here,there here,there 则不用则不用 to,into,in 。。

• We have been there for the whole morniWe have been there for the whole morning. Have you been there?ng. Have you been there?

• 我们一上午一直在那里。你在那儿吗？我们一上午一直在那里。你在那儿吗？

• BeBe 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词• Be Be 动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数，动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数，

都要用都要用 beenbeen 表示。表示。• We have been tired these days.We have been tired these days.

• 这些日子我们很累。这些日子我们很累。• 注意以下三个句子的区别：注意以下三个句子的区别：

• I am happy(I am happy( 我很幸福我很幸福 )) 一般现在时一般现在时• I was happy(I was happy( 我过去很幸福我过去很幸福 )) 一般过去时一般过去时• I have been happy(I have been happy( 我一直很幸福我一直很幸福 )) 现在现在

完成时完成时

表示完成、结果的现在完成时表示完成、结果的现在完成时• My father has just gone out.My father has just gone out.• 我的父亲刚刚出去了。我的父亲刚刚出去了。• I have closed the window.I have closed the window.• 我把窗户关上了。我把窗户关上了。• Mr. Li has gone to Australia.Mr. Li has gone to Australia.• 李先生去澳大利亚了。李先生去澳大利亚了。• 表示表示““完成完成””、、““结果结果””的现在完成时是的现在完成时是

表示在过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生表示在过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这种用法可分为下面两种的结果和影响。这种用法可分为下面两种情况：情况：

• 01 01 表示完成的用法表示完成的用法• ““ 完成完成””的意思为的意思为““刚做完刚做完…… ....”” 或或““做完做完

了了…… ....””

• 表示过去开始的动作现在刚刚结束，即说表示过去开始的动作现在刚刚结束，即说话之前刚刚结束。话之前刚刚结束。

本单元习题

现在完成时习题讲解

• 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

• Ａ . knew Ｂ . have known • Ｃ . must know Ｄ .will know• 解析：选 B。现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行

• 2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? • Ａ . already Ｂ .never Ｃ .ever Ｄ . still • 解析：选 B。现在完成时常与 already （已经）， just

（刚刚，正好）， ever （曾经）， never （从来，也不；从不）， before （以前）， yet （仍然）等连用。

• 3. Have you met Mr. Li ______ ？ • Ａ . just Ｂ . ago Ｃ .before Ｄ . a

moment ago • 解析：选 B。 Just是完成时的标志。• 4. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past

two year . • Ａ . is writing Ｂ .was writing Ｃ .wrote

Ｄ .has written • 解析：选 D。现在完成时常与 recently （近来）， so far

（到目前为止）， in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。

• 5. —Our country ______ a lot so far . • 　 — Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . • Ａ . has changed ; well Ｂ . changed ; good • Ｃ . has changed ; better Ｄ . changed ; better • 解析：选 C。现在完成时表示动作发生在过去持续到现在还有可能继续进行下去，常与 so far 连用。 Even常与形容词与副词的比较级连用。

• 6. ZhaoLan ______already ______in this school for two years .

• Ａ . was ; studying Ｂ . will ; study • Ｃ . has ; studied Ｄ . are ; studying• 解析：选 C。现在完成时时常与“ for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。

• 7. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . • Ａ . know Ｂ . had known Ｃ . have known

Ｄ . knew • 解析：选 C。 Since加一个过去的时间状语主句用现在完成时。

• 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . • Ａ . will see Ｂ . have seen Ｃ . saw

Ｄ .see • 解析：选 B。现在完成时还与 once （一次）， twice

（两次）， three times （三次）， several times （几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。表示经历。

• 9. —These farmers have been to the United States . • 　　 — Really ? When _____ there ? • Ａ . will they go Ｂ . did they go • Ｃ . do they go Ｄ . have they gone • 解析：选 B。现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。

• 10. —______ you ___ your homework yet ? • 　 — Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . • Ａ . Did ; do ; finished Ｂ . Have ; done ; finished • Ｃ . Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ . will ; do ; finish • 解析：选 B。现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。

• 11. His father ______ the Party since 1978 . • Ａ . joined Ｂ . has joined Ｃ . was in Ｄ . has

been in • 解析：选 D。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和

since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。

• 12. —Do you know him well ? • 　 —　　 Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . • Ａ . were Ｂ . have been Ｃ . have become

Ｄ . have made • 解析：选 B。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 13. —How long have you ____ here ? • 　　— About two months . • Ａ . been Ｂ . gone Ｃ . come Ｄ .

arrived • 解析：选 A。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 14 、 Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . • Ａ . has begun Ｂ . had begun • Ｃ . has been on Ｄ . began • 解析：选 C。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 15. It _____ ten years since he left the army . • Ａ . is Ｂ . has Ｃ . will Ｄ . was • 解析：选 A。 It is +一段时间 +since• 16. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to

the library . • Ａ .has gone Ｂ . went Ｃ .will go Ｄ . has

been • 解析：选 A。“ have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“ have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。

• 17 、 My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . • Ａ . have been in Ｂ . have been to • Ｃ . have gone to Ｄ . have been • 解析：选 A。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 18 、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ? • A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t

they • 解析：选 D。反义疑问句。

• 19. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

• A. How soon, comes B. How often, got • C. How long, came D. How far, arrived • 解析：选 C。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 20. His uncle for more than 9 years. • A. has come here B. has started to work • C. has lived there D. has left the university • 解析：选 C。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 21. I ______ my pen. I have to write with a pencil.• A. had lost B. have lost C. lose

D. am lost• 解析：选 B。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。

• 22. ---Do you often to Shanghai?• ---Yes, I ______ there twice since Christmas.• A. was B. have gone• C. went D. have been• 解析：选 D。 Have been to表示去过， has been to去了。

• 23. ---Why not go to see the dolphin show with me?• --- Because I ______ it.• A. see B. saw• C. have seen D. will see• 解析：选 C。表示经历的时候用现在完成时。• 24. The student says he ______ already ______ in this s

chool for two years.• A. was, studying B. will, study• C. has, studied D. had, studied• 解析：选 C。现在完成时常与 for加时间段连用。

• 25. ---Are Alice and Tom still living in New York?• ---No, they ______ to Toronto.• A. are moved B. will move• C. had just moved D. have just moved• 解析：选 D。现在完成时常与 just 连用。• 26. ---Where is Jim?• ---He isn’t here now. He ______ to Hangzhou.• A. has gone B. has been• C. had gone D. would go• 解析：选 A。 Have been to表示去过某地， has gone to表示去了某地。

• 27. ---How long may I ______ your bike?• ---For a week. But you mustn’t ______ it to others.• A. borrow, lend B. keep, lend• C. lend, borrow D. keep, borrow• 解析：选 B。 How long提问应用延续性动词。 Lend to把某物借给某人。

• 28. The old man ______ for ten years.• A. died B. has died• C. has been dead D. had died• 解析：选 C。在 for加一段时间这个结构中谓语动词应用延续性动词代替瞬间动词。

• 29. She ______ ill since she came back home last Sunday.

• A. caught B. has been• C. has caught D. has got• 解析：选 B。 Since加过去的时间状语主句用现在完成时，且应该用延续性动词或是表示状态的词。

• 30. ---Do you know Jack well? • ---Certainly. We ______ friends since ten years ago.• A. were B. made• C. have made D. have been• 解析：选 D。现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和


• 31. Mike ______ many places of interest since he came to China.

• A. will visit B. visited• C. visit D. has visited• 解析：选 D。 Since加过去的时间状语主句用现在完成时。• 32. I really don’t know if Mr. Zhang ______. If he ______,

I will ask him to teach me how to play tennis.• A. will come, will comes B. will come, comes• C. comes, will come D. comes, comes• 解析：选 B。第一个是宾语从句中的 if意思是是否第二个是条件状语从句中的 if意思是如果。

• 33.---What is your sister doing in her room right now?• ---She _________ a kite.• A. makes B. has made• C. is making D. will make• 解析：选 C。这是一个现在进行时标志词是 right now。• 34. His aunt has gone to Hong Kong and she ______ in

two days.• A. returns B. has returned• C. will return D. returned• 解析：选 C。虽然前句是现在完成时，但是后面有 in+一段时间表示将来，所以用将来时。

• 35. ---Would you like to see the film with me?• ---I’m sorry I ______ it many times.• A. see B. will see• C. have seen D. am seeing• 解析：选 C。现在完成时与many times 连用表示经历。• 36. ---How many times ______ she______ to Africa this

year?• ---Four times.• A. has, been B. had, been• C. has, gone D. had, gone• 解析：选 A。 Have been to表示去过某地。

• 37. Nancy is a new student in our class. She ______ here for only two weeks.

• A. has come B. has been• C. came D. was• 解析：选 B。 For加一段时间谓语动词应使用延续性动词或是表示状态的词。

• 38. ---Whom are you waiting for?• ---My grandparents. But neither of them ______ yet.• A. arrived B. has arrived• C. are arriving D. have arrived• 解析：选 B。 Yet是现在完成时的标志。 Neither of谓语动词用单数。

• 39. ---How do you like West Lake in Hangzhou, Miss White?

• ---Sorry, I ______ there.• A. have gone B. have been• C. haven’t been D. haven’t gone• 解析：选 C。 Have been to表示去过某地。• 40.--- ______ you ______ the magazine to the library yet?• ---Yes. I ______ it a moment ago.• A. Have, return, returned B. Do, returned, returned• C. Will, return, have returned D. Did, return, returned• 解析：选 A。 Yet是现在完成时的标志。 A moment ago是一般过去时的标志。

Documents

Unit 14 Have you packed yet?