Unit 3

Grammar and usage

Inversion

Inversion : the changing of the order of the words in a sentence. When we use inversion, we put all or part of the predicate before the subject.

Inversion

Full inversion:

• 全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。常见的结构有：　 1) here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首 , 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 等。　 There goes the bell.

　 Then came the chairman.

　 Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构里的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. 　　 Away they went.

Partial Inversion:

• 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, barely, in no way, not until,… at no time, under/ in no circumstances, in no way, on no account, by no means, in no case, 等。　

Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did his mother leave

the room.　

注意： 如否定词不在句首则不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the

child fell asleep.

典型例题　　 1) 　 ---Why can’t I smoke here?　　 ---At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted 　

B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted

D. does smoking permit

2)Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know 　 B. man know 　

C. didn’t man know 　 D. did man know　

2) 句首为否定意义的关连词 , 如： not only…but also, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, no sooner… than　 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely

criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came

to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student

came to visit her.

典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began 　　　 B. has the game begun

C. did the game begin 　 D. had the game begun

3)so, neither, nor 在表示“也”、“也不”　的结构中，句子要部分倒装。　　　　　　 Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

　　 If you won't go, neither/nor will I.

典型例题　 ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?　 ---I don’t know, _____.

A. nor don’t I care 　　 B. nor do I care 　　 C. I don't care neither 　 D. I don't care also

• 注意： 当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，意为“的确如此”，不用倒装结构。　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.　 ---It’s raining hard. 　　　

---So it is.

4) only 在句首要倒装的情况 • Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.　 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

5) so/such… that 句型中的 so, such 位于句首时，需倒装

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

1) Long lives our friendship.

　 May you all be happy.

2).

Were I you, I would try it again.

Had he worked hard, he would have got through

the exam.

Should they arrive early the day after tomorrow,

we would have a dinner party.

Other　forms　of　Inversion:

3).

Tired as he was, he kept on exercising.

child as he is, he can work out the problem.

Much as I like Paris, I don’t like to live there.

Try as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

as / though 引导的让步从句，将表语、状语或谓语的一部分前置（形容词 , 副词 , 分词 , 实义动词提前），表示强烈的对照。注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2) 句首是实义动词 , 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语 , 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

4).What　a　lovely　day　it　is　today!　　　　How　beautiful　these　hills　look　with　the　　　　　clouds　behind　them.

5).The　more　you　explained,　the　more　I　was　　　　　confused.

6).No　matter　how　badly　he　had　slept,　he　was　　　　　still　up　early.　　　Whatever　he　says,　I　don’t　believe　him.　　　However　hard　he　tried,　he　still　failed　in　the　　　　entrance　exam.

Practice1. ______ that he could not speak for a long time.

A. So frightened was he       B. So frightened he was C. Was he so frightened       D. Frightened was he

2. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home.A. will he realize    B. he did realize C. did he realize      D. should he realize

A

C

3. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.

A. They made such talked  

B. So loudly they talked

C. It was noise outside    

D. Such a loud noise did they make

4. ______ I would see you here.

A. Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream

C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream

5. _____the plane.

A. Flew down B. Down flew

C. Down was flying D. Down fly

D

D

B

Invert the sentences with negative words.

1. I have never seen such beautiful flowers in the city.

2. I do not have time to go to the museum today and I also do not want to.

Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city.

Neither do I have time to go to the museum today nor do I want to.

3. I could hardly believe my eyes when I saw the sculpture in the museum.

4.The poet is always writing; he is seldom seen without a notebook in his hand.

Hardly could I believe my eyes when I saw the sculpture in the museum.

The poet is always writing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.

巩固练习

1. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin

B. had he begun

C. he began

D. he had begun

A

2. We laugh at jokes ， but seldom ______ about how they work ．

A ． we think

B ． think we

C ． we do think

D ． do we think

D

3. —Is everyone here? —Not yet …… Look, there _____ the rest of our guests!

A. come

B. comes

C. is coming

D. are coming

A

4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing

B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing

D. does Chongqing lie

A