醫學二 AB9802105徐乙玉

Unit 4 Matters of the Mind

Vocabulary

subarachnoid (a.)   [ˌsʌbəˈræknɔɪd] below the level of the arachnoid layer 蛛網膜下腔的hemorrhage (n.) [ˈhɛmərɪdʒ] a medical condition in which there is severe loss of blood from inside a person’s body 出血 aneurysm (n.)  [ˈænjəˌrɪzəm] an area of extreme

swelling on the wall of artery 動脈瘤anterior communicating artery 前交通動脈pericallosal artery 胼胝體周圍動脈

Vocabulary

discharge (v.) the act of allowing somebody to leave hospital 出院

ignition (n.) /ɪg'nɪʃən/ the electrical system of a vehicle that makes the fuel begin to burn to start the engine 點火裝置，點火開關

misdemeanor (n.) [ˌmɪsdɪˈminɚ] an action that is bad or unacceptable, but not very serious 輕罪

idleness (n.)   [ˈaɪdlnɪs] without work 失業unpunctuality (n.) not arriving, happening, or

being done at exactly the time that has been arranged 不守時

Vocabulary

reactive depression 反應性抑鬱症clear-cut definite and easy to see or identify

明確的stroop test 叫色測驗trail making test 連連看測驗CT-scan (CT = computed tomography) 電腦

斷層掃描lesion (n.) /'liʒən/ damage to the skin or part of

the body caused by injury or by illness 器官損害

Vocabulary

relapse (v.) /‘riˈlæps/ to go back into a previous condition or into a worse state after making an improvement 復發

premorbid (n.) the time before the illness started

病前detrimental (a.) /ˈdɛtrə'mɛntl/ harmful 有害的obsessive-compulsive behavior /əb'sɛsɪv/ 強

迫症

Summary---Paragraph 1

A normal man was sent to the prison because

of misbehavior after brain surgery.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

• SAH can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm

• stroke occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen

He repeatedly stole cars and parked them in

the vicinity of his house. As a result, he was

sent to the prison.

His movement wasn’t criminal; he stole cars

under effects of alcohol and depression.

Borrowing cars gave him a kind of

pleasurable relief.

Summary---Paragraph 2 、 3

He failed to maintain steady employment

because of the hemorrhage, and neither

medication nor psychotherapy work.

Discussion

If you were the employer, what would you do when

you know the man’s misbehavior?

Summary---Paragraph 4

Paragraph 4

Clomipramine氯米帕明

a tricyclic, heterocyclic drug used to treat depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Valpromide丙戊酰胺

Valpromide (marketed as Depamide by sanofi-aventis) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy( 癲癇 )and some affective disorders.

paroxetine氟苯哌苯醚，帕羅西丁

an antidepressant drug, Paxil

Bromazepam溴西泮

It has mainly anxiolytic and at higher doses also sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties

Clinical tests showed nothing unusual except

the CT-scan showed that he had slight

damage to one part of the brain.

Summary---Paragraph 5

The brain is composed of three parts: the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum

The cerebrum is divided into four lobes:

frontal parietal temporal occipital

four lobes of cerebrum

Frontal lobe syndrome

Perserveration The persistence of a repetitive response after the caus

e of the response has been removed, or the response continues to different stimuli.

Neuropsychological Testing

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test developed to assess abstract reasoning and ability to

shift cognitive strategies in response to environmental changes.

Neuropsychological Testing

Stroop Test examines how the brain processes language and colour

tell the ink colours rather than read the actual word printed

Neuropsychological Testing---Stroop Test

The cognitive mechanism involved in this task

is called directed attention, you have to

manage your attention, inhibit or stop one

response in order to say or do something

else.

Neuropsychological Testing---Stroop Test

Trail Making Test

Neuropsychological Testing

“multitasking” can be faster?

Neuropsychological Testing---Trail Making Test

FOCUS

Brain damage and its possible effect on a

person’s mental abilities.

Discussion Have you ever heard a similar story or case?

Summary---Paragraph 6