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AP EURO
Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century
PPT #506Family and Science
(Lesson 8 from the book)
Essential Questions
15. In what way did society change during this post-industrial era?
16. What caused this shift in perspective and life?
Illegitimacy Explosion
• Arranged marriages replaced with romantic couplings
• Illegitimate births on the rise
• 1/3 of all births
• 1/3 of all marriages – the bride was pregnant
• Why?...
• Birth control available
• Prostitution common
Gender Roles and early feminism
What was new role of women?
What caused this change?
• Industrialization had created separate spheres
• Rigid division of labor
• Women faced huge discrimination in work place
• Good jobs off limits
• Married women subordinated to their husbands
• Women lacked legal rights
• Discrimination in Education
• Still not allowed in University
The Home
• Women ruled the home• Husbands earned the “family wage” – living wage demanded
by labor unions• Then women decided how that money would be spent• European women spent whole day in preparation for family
– Full time managers of food, kids, and cleaning (dirt is now the enemy) – <<ANAGRET FUSS>>
– Working class women wanted to be like their higher counter parts
– Willing to feed husbands meat while she at just bread
– Goal: create a “HOME SWEET HOME” (1870s)
– Pride in well-kept home
– Married couples –affection and friendships
Child RearingWhy did parents less love kids• Previously – so many babies died• Moms avoided emotional ties• (too heartbreaking when they died, which
was a majority of the time)What changed?• Post-industrial
– Babies survived– Moms let themselves love their kids– Women became doting mothers– Fathers encouraged to be silly and fun– Fewer illegitimate – fewer abandoned to foundling– Had fewer kids by choice – loved each more
Child Rearing
• Smaller families
• 1860s – six kids / couple
• 1890s – four
• 1920s – two (or three)
• Goal: provide WELL for each kid
• Felt need to provide opportunities
• Contraceptives used for family planning
• Intense expectations for kids
– Diet, clothing, games, even sleeping highly regulated
Impact of Science on Industry
• Science had been very theoretical
• Post-industrial science was more practical– Led to improved living conditions
• Thermodynamics – study of heat and energy
• Led to LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• (energy can not be created or destroyed, only converted)
• Dmitri Mendeleev – periodic table 1869
• Russian chemist – codified atomic numbers and weights
Charles Darwin – Natural Selection
Social Science• They studied massive amount of data• Conclusions based on data• To discover laws of human natureWhat does it appear they discovered?
Herbert Spencer – “survival of fittest”• The poor were unworthy of wealth
– Unlucky and weak– The wealthy were strong and “chosen”– SOCIAL DARWINISM
What group would support him?Why?
Realism in Literature
• Depicted life just as it was
• Fiction based on “every day” life
• Rejected romanticism
Great Migration
• (we’ll do this later…)