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Unit 9 Computer
Technology
Reading-centered Activity
In-class reading
After-class reading
Quiz
Vocabulary
• irrespective of (L. 20)
• adj.-phrase without regard to 不顾，不论a. They send information every week, irrespective of whether it’s usef
ul or not.
b. We must succeed irrespective of the number of casualties.
• Compare:
• regardless of prep.-phrase without worrying about or taking accoun
t of 不管，不顾 a. Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.
b. All our proposals were rejected, regardless of their merits.
enforcement (L. 31)
• n. an action of making people obey a rule or law, imposing 实施，执行 a. The police are responsible for the enforcement of the law.
b. Strict enforcement of the laws against speeding will reduce automobile accident.
• enforce vt.
• 1) to cause (a rule or law) to be obeyed or carried out effectively 执行，实施 a. Governments make laws and the police enforce them.
b. Discipline was rigidly enforced.
• 2) to make (something) happen, esp. by threats or force; impose 强迫，迫使 a. They tried to enforce agreement with their plans.
b. You have no right to enforce your own views on the other people.
• 3) to give greater force to (an argument, a piece of advice, etc.); reinforce 加强 a. He enforced his statement by producing facts and figures.
b. The teacher enforced the principle by examples.
debate (L. 52) n.
• the process of talking about a question in detail; discussion 辩论，讨论
a. How to solve the problem is still a matter for debate.
b. After much debate, the committee voted to close the school.
c. After a heated debate the bill was passed by the House of Commons.
d. The truth of the story is beyond debate. （这项报道的真实性无可争议。）
debate vt. vi.
• 1) to hold a debate about (something), usu. in an attempt to reach a decision 辩论
a. They debated for an hour on the merits of the different systems.
b. They debated whether to accept the management’s proposals.
• 2) to consider in one’s own mind the arguments for and against something 考虑；思考
a. She seriously debated whether or not to accept their offer.
b. I debated the idea in my mind until I fell asleep.
Difficult Sentences
• This, however, was a new, more powerful virus, and it would take advantage of the system’s weaknesses, infecting and reinfecting as it traveled through the host. (L. 3-5)
• But this was a new and more powerful virus. It would make use of the system’s weakness, infecting and reinfecting when it is in a host computer.
• Created by Cornell University student Robert Morris, it infected more than 6,000 systems, jamming hard drives and erasing valuable information before being eliminated in November 1988 by engineers at the University of California at Berkeley and at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. (L. 7-11)
• This virus was created by Robert Morris, a student from Cornell University. It has infected more than 6,000 systems, crushing hard drives, deleting valuable information. It wasn’t removed until November 1988 by engineers at the University of California at Berkeley and at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana.
• That was the first time the Internet and the destructive aims of certain computer experts made the national news. (L. 12-13)
• For the first time the whole country came to know the Internet and the destructive aims of the hackers.
• There will always be individuals who, for one reason or another, are eager to discover the weak spot in order to penetrate the system. (L.17-18)
• For various reasons, some people are always anxious to find out the weakness of the system, so as to access the system illegally.
• Like many members of the hacker community, he does not feel morally obliged to turn “bad” hackers over to the authorities. (L. 43-44)
• Just like many other hackers, he does not think of it as his own duty to bring bad hackers to the police.
• By admitting their vulnerability, they would undermine the confidence of the public. (L. 64-65)
• If they admit their weakness, they would damage the public’s confidence in them.
After-class Reading
• Passage I: Microchips
Vocabulary
• global (L. 15) adj.
• 1) of the whole world 全球的；全世界的 a. Global climatic changes may have been responsible for
the extinction of the dinosaurs.
b. AIDS is now a global problem.
• 2) taking account of all considerations 总括的；综合的；全面的
a. The report takes a global view of the company’s problems.
b. We need to take a global view of the situation.
simulate (L. 56) vt.
• 1) to give the effect or appearance of; imitate 模仿 eg. A sheet of metal was shaken to simulate the noise of thunder. In c
heap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.
• 2) to pretend to have or feel (especially an emotion) 假装有或感到 a. We used to use this trick to simulate illness.
b. Anne simulated pleasure at seeing Simon, but really she didn’t like him at all.
• 3) to make a working model or representation of (a situation or process) 模拟
eg. This model weighs 18 tons and simulates a ship displacing 286000 tons. They had often practiced under simulated conditions.
novelty (L. 65) n.
• 1) the quality of being different, new and unusual 新奇 a. In some respects the adults seems to dread novelty.
b. She is always looking for novelty in what she wears.
• 2) something new and unusual 新奇的事物 a. The shop sells novelties to tourists.
b. In those days computers were regarded as an amusing novelty, but this attitude soon changed.
•
• novel adj. not like anything known before; new and perhaps clever; original 新奇的；巧妙的；奇异的
a. This is a novel suggestion, something we hadn’t tried before.
b. Flying gives people a novel sensation.
• novel n. 小说 eg. His new novel is nowhere. （俚语）（他新写的小说是个大失败。）
Difficult sentences
• No invention in history has so quickly spread throughout the world or so deeply touched so many parts of human existence as the microchip. (L. 1-2)
• 历史上没有哪项发明像微型芯片那样如此迅速地在世界上普及，或如此深刻地影响人类生活众多的方面。
• In the face of that fact who can doubt that the microchip is not only changing the products we use, but also the way we live. (L. 3-4)
• 面对这样的事实，有谁能怀疑微型芯片不仅正在改变着我们所使用的产品，而且改变着我们的生活。
• Every factory in the industrial world would also shut down, as would the electrical grid, stock exchanges, and the global banking system. (L. 13-15)
• 工业领域里的每个工厂都会象供电网、股票市场以及全球的银行系统一样关门。
• To put this complexity in perspective, imagine that within each tiny microchip there exists a structure as complex as a mid-size city, including all of its power lines, phone lines, sewing lines, buildings, streets, and homes. (L. 22-25)
• 为了恰当地说明这种复杂工艺，请你想象一下每一块极小的微型芯片中都存在着一个像中等城市那样复杂的结构，其中包括所有的电力线、电话线、排污管、建筑物、街道和住宅。
• Faced with such astounding numbers, it becomes even more difficult to ask what it all means for us and for the generations to come. (L. 31-33)
• 面对着如此惊人的数字，更难于问出“芯片对于我们和对于我们的后人有什么样的意义”这样的问题。
• Thus, all the miracles we see around us today resulting from the microchip may be put a tiny fraction of all the wonders that will derive from this device well into the next century. (L. 37-39)
• 因此，如今我们所看到的由微型芯片创造的所有奇迹和下个世纪过了数年后这一元件所能创造的一切奇迹相比，不过是小巫见大巫。
• Packed in a microprocessor, the microchip is not only giving us power over our own lives, it is also the greatest instrument for accessing information ever invented. (L. 43-45)
• 微型芯片装载到微处理器中后，不仅给了我们掌握自己生活的力量而且还是目前为止已经发明出来的获得信息的最理想的工具。
• The microchip, in the time of a single generation, has developed from a clever technical novelty to a tireless, almost invisible partner of humanity. Today there is no place on, above, or below the Earth that it has not reached. (L. 63-66)
• 仅仅一代人的光景，微型芯片就已经从一个精妙的技术革新发展成为人类生活中持久的、几乎看不见的合作伙伴。如今，在地球表面上、天空和地下各个领域，它无所不在。
After-class Reading
• Passage II:
Workplace of the 90’s: High-Tech Sweatshop?
Vocabulary
• idle (L. 4) adj.
• 1) not working or operating productively 不在工作的，闲散的 a. Owing to the electricity strike, a lot of factory workers were left idle.
b. We can’t afford to have all this expensive machinery lying idle.
• 2) lazy 懒惰的；懒散的 a. Average students who work hard usually do better than clever students who are idle.
b. The tongue of idle persons is never idle. （谚）（人懒嘴不懒。）
• idle vi. to waste time doing nothing 浪费时间 a. He idled away his entire vacation.
b. He is always idling about street corners. （他老是在街头闲逛。）• idleness n. laziness 懒散 a. Idleness rusts the mind. （懒惰使头脑迟钝。） b. Of idleness comes no goodness. （一懒生百邪。）
listen in (L. 17)
• v.-phrase
• 1) to listen to someone’s conversation without them knowing it偷听，窃听
eg. His duty is to listen in on the enemy’s communication line.
• 2) to listen to a broadcast on the radio收听 a. Did you listen in to the Prime Minister yesterday eveni
ng？ b. Every night I used to listen in to music.
contention (L. 23) n.
1) a point of view that one argues in favor of; assertion 主张，论点
a. I strongly opposed that contention.
b. It is my contention that the plan would never have been successful.
• 2) arguing, competing, or struggling between people 竞争，争论
a. The pay increase is the key point of contention.
b. Three players are in contention to win the title.
assembly (L. 40) n.
• a meeting together of people 会议，集会 a. School assembly will begin at 9 o’clock.
b. In some countries the right of assembly in public is not allowed for everybody.
• assembly line 装配线
perpetuate (L. 77) vt.
• to make something continue to exist for a long time 使永久或持续
a. They perpetuate the memory of a great statesman by erecting a statue of him.
b. The country perpetuates in postage stamps the centenary of her political independence. （这个国家用发行邮票来永久纪念该国政治独立 100周年。）
Difficult sentences
• Over the last decade, computerized monitoring has become a pervasive, intrusive, and often invisible presence in the workplace. (L. 7-8)
• 在过去的十年中，电脑管理的监控系统已经在办公室中无孔不入，窥探他人，并且悄无声息。
• Managers defend and promote the use of monitoring technology, claiming that computers provide objective measures of performance and increase productivity. (L. 18-19)
• 经理们支持并倡导使用监控技术。他们声称计算机能够客观地评估工作表现并提高生产率。
• With the increasing popularity of monitoring technology there have, unfortunately, come abuses to both workers and customers. (L. 30-31)
• 不幸的是，随着监控系统日益普及，出现了对职员和对消费者的不公平待遇现象。
• It is no wonder that the term “electronic sweatshop” is used to describe such conditions, where information and customers are processed in an assembly line fashion. (L. 39-41)
• 难怪人们用“血汗工厂”这个词来形容信息和顾客都用装配线的方式进行处理这种工作条件。
• What emerges is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs, rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace. (L. 60-63)
• 这就勾画了这样一种环境：在该环境中，重点不再是如何促进对顾客的优质服务，或提供公正的工作场所，而是如何使用科技监视员工工作。
After-class Reading
• Passage III:
Lost in the E-mail
Vocabulary• volume (L. 23) n.
• 1) amount produced by some kind of activity 数量，总额 a. The volume of passenger travel on the railways is decreasing.
b. Letters had poured in in large volumes.
• 2) any of a set of books of the same kind or together forming a whole （指书的）一卷，一册
a. We have a set of Dickens’s works in 24 volumes.
b. You’ll find the article in volume 9 of the encyclopedia.
• 3) size or quantity thought of as measurement of the space inside or filled by something 体积，容量
a. Which of these bottles do you think has the greater volume?
b. The volume of this container is 100,000 cubic meters.
• 4) (degree of) loudness of sound 音量；响度 a. The television is too loud. Would you please turn the volume down?
b. There is a knob at the back of the clock that controls the volume of the alarm.
conform (L. 30-31) vi.
• to obey or be in accordance with established rules 符合；顺应
a. This piece of equipment does not conform to the official safety standards.
b. Most people willingly conform to the customs of society.
conformance n. the state of obeying or being in accordance with established rules符合
eg. The equipment is not in conformance with the official safety standards.
ambiguous (L. 85) adj.
• having more than one possible meaning or interpretation; unclear引起歧义的，模棱两可的
a. The sentence is hard to understand because it is ambiguous in sense.
b. I have tried every means but only get an offensively ambiguous answer.
ambiguity n. the condition of being ambiguous 含糊；模棱两可
a. His reply was full of ambiguities.
b. You should avoid ambiguity in your writing.
Difficult sentences
• But instead of a pleasant e-mail culture, what had evolved was a behavioral nightmare. (L. 7-8)
• 但是由此衍生的不是令人愉快的电子邮件文化，而是人们做事方式的可怕的转变。
• To stop the insanity, Wang short-circuited the system, taking the astonishing step --- considering what his $3.9 billion company does for a living --- of banning all e-mails from 9:30 to 12 noon and from 1:30 p.m. to 4 p.m. (L. 12-14)
• 为了遏制这种疯狂，王走出了令人惊讶的一步，使系统短路 ------ 如果考虑到他价值 39亿的公司是靠什么生存的话 ------ 从早上 9:30 到中午 12点，以及从下午 1:30 到 4点，禁止发送电子邮件。
• So much for the e-mail revolution, which is now enslaving all those employees it was supposed to free, creating communication problems so new that they cannot be found in the pages of any management textbook. (L. 17-19)
• 电子邮件革命到此为止，它本来应解放员工，现在却正在束缚他们，产生了许多在任何一本管理学教科书中都未曾论及的新的交流问题。
• The virtual manager generally is a conflict-avoiding character who hides behind e-mail and uses it as an instrument of aggression, creating not only ill will but inefficiencies as well. (L. 40-42)
• 网上经理通常是这样一个人：他避免发生冲突，躲藏在电子邮件后面并把它作为一种进攻的武器，结果反而带来恶意，还有效率低下。
• In an era in which upper-level managers strive to push decision-making down the chain, e-mail has made it easier for middle managers to avoid responsibility by pushing decisions up the ladder. (L. 65-67)
• 在一个上层管理人员拼命将决策推给下级的年代里，电子邮件使得中层管理人员更容易把决策推给上司以避免承担责任。
Quiz
1. The _________ between us on this issue is not going to come to anything.
a. curtain b. debate c. debt d. decay
2. It is the police but not you that have the right to ________ laws.
a. engage b. engross c. enforce d. enhance
3. Usually he would do everything on impulse, irrespective _____ its consequence.
a. of b. for c. on d. in
4. I don’t dare to tell you what he did, _____ he should be angry with me.
a. for fear that b. in fear c. for long d. for good
5. It was impossible that Smith turned his countrymen _____ his enemy and betrayed his motherland.
a. over of b. over to c. upon of d. upon to
6. The medical ____ manufacturing make up the main part of the manufacturing industry in that region.
a. appliances b. applauses c. applications d. appreciation
7. To interfere with other country’s internal affairs is that country’s basic ________ policy.
a. glaring b. glorious c. glassy d. global
8. The misunderstanding seems a(n) _______ wall between them.
a. internal b. intimate c. invisible d. intricate
9. The Chinese culture ________ from the two cradles of Yellow River and Yangtze River.
a. deserted b. designed c. derived d. despaired
10. Heavy smokers still enjoy the happiness ________ the risk of suffering from lung cancer.
a. in case of b. in the face of c. in private d. in respect of
11. The constitution authorizes everybody the freedom of speech and _____.
a. assembly b. assumption c. assurance d. aspiration
12. His ______ is now publicly received around the world though only he himself thought it right at his time.
a. consumption b. contention c. constancy d. consequence
13. All the ______ in the government offices will be fired within the next two years.
a. idle b. illegal c. illiterate d. icy
14. Is the high unemployment rate _______ of the big social problem?
a. imperfect b. impersonal c. incoherent d. indicative
15. He would ______ some new softwares and delete some old ones everyday.
a. induce b. index c. install d. inflame
16. Truth will ________ in the hearts of the people.
a. persist b. permit
c. perpetuate d. personate
17. He is in charge of listening ____ the enemy’s communications lines.
a. in of b. on to c. on of d. in on
18. His words are ____, which result in much misunderstanding between them.
a. alternative b. ambiguous
c. altitude d. amateur
19. To _______ themselves to the new situation, the old couple returned to school to learn computer science.
a. conform b. confirm
c. conflict d. confront
20. We, the human being, could not get to know the _________ characteristics of all things in the world.
a. inglorious b. inherent
c. initiate d. infrequent
