Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
workmanship n 手艺 , 技艺 , 作工 , 技巧optimum adj 最好的，最佳的；最有利的mason n 泥瓦匠 vt 用砖瓦砌成dividend n 被除数 , 股息 , 红利 , 额外津贴 , 年息recommendation n 推荐 , 介绍 ( 信 ), 劝告 ,
建议implicit adj 暗示的 , 盲从的 , 含蓄的 ,
绝对的
Words and Expressions
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
microeconomic n 个体经济 , 微观经济certification n 证明 , 认证statistical method 统计方法random sample 随机抽样liason n 联络Quality Circle 质量（控制）循环、质量（管理）小组
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
English-Chinese translation
1. total quality control 全面质量控制
2. quality circles 质量控制循环
3. ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土
4. reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
5. defective items 缺陷项
6. the loss rate of 不合格率
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
7. compliance with minimum standards of
material and workmanship
符合材料和工艺的最低标准8. non-conformance or violation of the relevant
design specifications
不符合或违反了相关的设计标准9. statistical methods 统计方法 10. random samples 随机抽样
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
11. the zero defects goal 零缺陷目标12. batches of materials 材料批13. acceptable quality level 可接受的质量水平14. Experience with Quality Circles
质量控制循环的实践15. cement masons 泥工16. The iron workers 钢筋工
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Key Structures
An implicit assumption in these traditional quality
control practices is the notion of an acceptable quality
level which is a allowable fraction of defective items.
在这些传统的质量控制实践中有一个隐含的假设（概念）——可接受的质量水平，它是指缺陷项的允许比例。本句中有一个定语从句，其中“ which is a allowable fraction of defective items” 是“ an acceptable quality level” 的定语 , 来解释说明“可接受的质量水平”的范围。
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
While the zero defects goal can never be
permanently obtained, it provides a goal so that an
organization is never satisfied with its quality control
program even if defects are reduced by substantial
amounts year after year.
尽管零缺陷目标是永远不可能达到的，但却为组织提供了一个目标，即使缺陷项目逐年都有显著的减少，组织对其质量控制计划也从不满足。本句中” While…….” 是一个让步状语从句，其中” it”指的是” the zero defects goal”.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Initially, all materials from a supplier are inspected
and batches of goods with any defective items are
returned. Suppliers with good records can be certified
and not subject to complete inspection subsequently.
（工程建设）初期，来自某一个供应商的所有材料都要被检验，有任何缺陷的批次都会被退回。随后，有良好记录的供应商可以经核准免去全项检验。本句中“ not subject to” 为“勿需承担”之意，此处可译为“免去 ”。
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
The unique nature of each facility, the variability in
the workforce, the multitude of subcontractors and the
cost of making necessary investments in education and
procedures make programs of total quality control in
construction difficult.
每一项建筑设施独一无二的特征，劳动力的不稳定性，分包商的多样性以及员工教育与施工程序上的必要支出都使得在建筑施工中开展全面质量控制计划显得异常困难。本句中有多重主语，要注意谓语动词“ make” 的时态及“ make…. difficult ” 句型的用法，即 make + something + adj ( 形容词 ) 。
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Quality circles represent a group of five to fifteen
workers who meet on a frequent basis to identify,
discuss and solve productivity and quality problems.
质量控制循环即为 5 至 15 个操作工人组成的小组，他们经常碰面以确定、讨论和解决生产力及质量问题。
Who… 是定语从句，修饰 workers 。
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Comprehension Exercises
1. What is the main notion of the traditional quality control?
An implicit assumption in these traditional
quality control practices is the notion of an
acceptable quality level which is a allowable
fraction of defective items.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
2. What is total Quality control?
Total quality control is a commitment to quality
expressed in all parts of an organization and
typically involves many elements. Design reviews
to insure safe and effective construction
procedures are a major element.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
3. What is the most important element in the process of total Quality control?
Design reviews to insure safe and effective
construction procedures are a major element.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
4. Comparing with traditional quality control, what
are the economic benefits from total Quality control?
Many companies have found that commitment to
total quality control has substantial economic benefits
that had been unappreciated in traditional
approaches. Expenses associated with inventory,
rework, scrap and warranties were reduced. Worker
enthusiasm and commitment improved. Customers
often appreciated higher quality work and would pay
a premium for good quality.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
5. Why is it difficult to apply total quality control, particular in construction?
Total quality control is difficult to apply, particular
in construction. The unique nature of each facility, the
variability in the workforce, the multitude of
subcontractors and the cost of making necessary
investments in education and procedures make
programs of total quality control in construction
difficult.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Nonfatal Occupational Injury 非致死性职业伤害Fatal Occupational Injuries 致命的职业伤害Fatality Causes 致死原因individual falls自身跌落Handling goods and transportation货物装卸搬运和运输
Reading Material
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
on-board electronics车载电子产品sophisticated machine controllers and monitors
复杂的机器控制器和显示器Pre-qualification of contractors
承包商的资格预审 sub-contractors 分包商The tenure of a worker 工人任期Trench collapse 海沟崩塌
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
The Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness
Project estimated that accidents cost $8.9 billion or
nearly seven percent of the $137 billion (in 1979
dollars) spent annually for industrial, utility and
commercial construction in the United States.
Analysing the sentences
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
If contractors are eligible to be invited to bid or
enter negotiations only if they have an acceptable
record of safety (as well as quality performance),
then a direct incentive is provided to insure
adequate safety on the part of contractors.
Unit Fifteen Sample Forms of Bank Guarantee
English for Construction Project Management
VocabularyVocabulary
Key
Structures
Key
Structures
QuestionsQuestions
ReadingReading
Adoption of a tongue and groove vertical sheeting
system over the full height of the trench or,
alternatively, the sloping excavation eventually
adopted are clearly preferable.
