UnitUnit 　　 Ten Ten Profits of PraiseProfits of Praise

Designed by Shi Yuan

BookⅡ

The Second Two Periods

Reading and Translation

Reading and Translation

• Review—Memorize the new words • Comprehension of the text• Chinese and English phrases • Words and expressions • Difficult sentences • Assignments

Word learning

• profit 益处　利润• exhaust 使筋疲力尽• stain 玷污• weary 厌倦的　厌烦的• discourage 使灰心• dozen 一打（二十个）• quit 退出　离职• apply 运用　实施• reluctant 勉强的• earn 赢得　挣得• compliment 赞美• invest 投资

• graceful 优美的大方的• embarrass 使尴尬• defensive 防御的• pat 轻拍• convey 传达• flatter 奉承• relay 传送• rewarding 值得的　报答的• glorious 辉煌的• appreciate 欣赏　感激• constructive 建设性的• alert 警觉的

Comprehension of the text Questions

• 1. How did the writer feel at the end of her first day as waitress in a restaurant?

• She felt exhausted and discouraged.

• 2. How did it happen that her exhaustion banished all of a sudden?

• When the father of the family smiled at her as he handed his tip, “Well done, you’ve looked after us really well.” She felt that her tiredness suddenly vanished.

• 3. What are praise and criticism compared to?• Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit, we

can’t flower and grow without it. While criticism is compared to cold wind.

• 4. What have behavioral scientists tried to prove with regard to human reactions to praise and criticism?

• Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tend to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.

• 5. What does it cost the giver to give praise?• To give praise costs the giver nothing but a

moment’s thought and a moment effort—perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes spent writing an appreciate letter.

• 6. Tell about your own behavior in regard to praise versus criticism.

• To myself, it’s easier to criticize than to praise.

The organization of the text

Part (paras.1-3) Ⅰa praise changed the author’s attitude.Part (paras.4-6) Ⅱsome statements about praise and its powerPart (paras.7-10) Ⅲpraise can bring us something unexpectedPart (paras.11-12) Ⅳan experiment of the scientists shows that praise helps people

to improve quicklyPart (paras.13-14) Ⅴthe author calls on to pay more attention to the power of

praise

1. The author had decided to quit her job but a few words of praise from a customer changed her mind.

4. According to the author, people often feel embarrassed when they hear compliments.

True or False

2. We are reluctant to criticize but eager to praise other people.

3. One of the author’s friends is good at languages and this ability has enabled her to make friends with foreigners. F( )

She is not much of a linguist.

F( )

According to the author, we are often eager to criticize but reluctant to praise other people.

T( )

T( )

Comprehension of the text

They know that instinctively.

6. Mothers need to be told that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.

T( )5. Of all people, housewives need praise the most.

8. In most schools, students who fail to get praise are the ones who need it the most. T( )

7. Through experiments it has been learned that a person tends to repeat his behavior if such behavior is rewarded. T( )

F( )

Comprehension of the text

Words and expressions

• blame: v. to believe or state that someone is responsible for sth. bad

• The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.• They blamed the failure on George.

• Pattern:• blame sb. for sth. • blame sth. on sb.

• profit

• (n.) advantage or good obtained from sth. ; money gained in business 益处；利润

e.g. Your mother did that for your profit.• What’s the profit of doing that thing?• Unlike nonprofit organizations, we do everything for a profit.• Jim makes profits by buying and selling stocks.

• (vt.) be of advantage to 有益于，有利于e.g. The new bus route profits those who do not have cars.• It will profit you to absorb as much knowledge as possible while

at university.

• (vi.) be benefited or helped 得益• e.g. I profited a lot by / from the trip abroad.• The company profited from having designed the widely applicabl

e computer software.

• exhaust:• v. • ① tire out 使筋疲力尽• Eg. We all felt exhausted by the stiff hike.• ② use up 用尽，花光，耗尽• Eg. The hero’s strength was exhausted after a long time

in prison.• The king soon exhausted every penny in the national tre

asury.

• n. outlet, in an engine or machine, for steam, vapor, etc. that has done its work 排气管，排气孔；废气，废液

• Eg. The young man committed suicide by breathing in the car exhaust.

• The motorcycle has an open exhaust.

• exhausted adj. 精疲力尽的，修饰人。 • exhaustive adj. 彻底的，详尽的 • exhaustion n. 精疲力竭，耗尽 • After such a long and exhausting day, the only thing she wanted wa

s a good night's sleep. 经过这样漫长而疲劳的一天，她只想好好睡一宿。

• I was so exhausted that I didn't feel like eating anything. 我太累了，以至于什么也不想吃。

• After an exhaustive search the missing document was found. 经过彻底的搜寻，遗失的文件找到了。

• as, like:• as & like 这两词都可用作介词，但其意义却不同。• as 意为“作为，如同”，侧重人或事物的同一性。• He worked as a laborer.• 他是一个劳动者。（ as 表示的是身份）• like 意为“像…一样”，“像…似的”。• He worked like a laborer. • 他工作起来像个劳动者。 (He worked in manner

of a laborer but he wasn’t a laborer.)

• load

• (v.) put a full amount of things on or in sth. 装满，装载• e.g. The father loaded the family into their old truck and

drove west.• The ship will set sailing once the workmen finished l

oading cargoes on to it.

• (n.) that which is to be carried or supported 装载，装载量；负荷，负担

• e.g. The tractor has a full load of wheat.

• Your arrival took a load off my mind.

• discourage: Cause to lose courage or confidence

• Eg. Don’t let failure discourage you.• The hero in the Greek mythology was never

discouraged by his numerous misfortunes.

• discourage 的同根词： • courage n. 勇气 • courageous adj. 勇敢的 • encourage v. 鼓励 • discourage v. 使灰心，使泄气 • discouraging adj. 使灰心的

• make out

• (1) write in a complete form, fill out • Could you make out a detailed list for me? • The teacher made out a list of books for students to read.• (2) understand• I just couldn’t make out how the fire started. • 你们知道我是谁吗？ Can you make out who I am?

• Collocation:• make fun of 取笑• make for 走向，冲向• make ends meet 收支平衡• make one’s way 艰难前进 • make up for 编造，弥补

• dozen: n. twelve• (1) dozen 与数词连用时， dozen 之后不加 s, 也不常接介

词 of 。• Eggs are sold at 88 cents a dozen. • (2) 与 many, several 等词连用时，也不加 s, 后面的 of

可有可无； dozen 之后加 s 时，后接介词 of 。• Many dozens of birds are seen flying over the sky.• (3) dozen(s) of 之后如有代词，是指示形容词或物主代词

时，其中的介词 of 不能省略。• a dozen of us; some dozens of her books

• quit: Stop doing something and leave

• eg. George doesn’t like his present job as a waiter. He is quitting.

• I have quit my job. I am now making a living by freelancing.

• only to: very 极，非常

• e.g. If you invite him, he will be only too glad to attend.

• After such a long and exhausting journey, I shall be only too pleased to get home.

• reluctant a. unwilling 不情愿的；勉强的

e.g. When dinner was ready, he was reluctant to put down the detective story.

• The official made a reluctant promise under pressure that he would look into the matter.

• somehow: adv. in one way or another; for some reasons that one doesn’t understand or is not sure about

• We will manage to finish the job somehow.• The book disappeared somehow.

• NB: • anyhow & anyway 它们是同义词，表示 “无论如何”、

“以任何方式”、“反正”。• Anyway, It’s worth trying.

• He couldn’t understand the meaning anyhow.

• when: conj. since

• 既然没车你是怎么来的？• How could you get here when there was no bus?• Why should we stay here when the chairman did

n’t come?

• not much of a: not a very good

• Eg. He is not much of an artist.• The food is so-so, it wasn’t much of a dinner.

• earn: bring to or get as deserved, win

• Eg. Her hard work earned her the respect of her fellow workers.

• embarrass vt. make awkward or ashamed 使尴尬

• e.g. The young teacher felt embarrassed to speak to a roomful of students.

• The spiteful wife embarrassed her husban

d by getting drunk at the party.

• shrug off: dismiss sth. as not deserving one’s attention or as unimportant 耸肩表示对… 不屑理睬

• e.g. James cut his hand, but he shrugged off his injury and went on with his work.

• She can shrug off her troubles and keep smiling.

• pat:

• n. tap with the open hand

• Eg. She gave the puppy a slight pat.

• v. tap gently with the open hand or with something flat

• Eg. She patted the seat next to her for him to sit down.

• pat on the back: an expression of praise or encouragement

• Every one needs a pat on the back. 人人都需要赞扬。• Pats on the back are not enough. We need real support.

• Pattern: • pat somebody on the back 对某人表示赞许• Everybody there patted him on the back. • pat oneself on the back 自鸣得意• He patted himself on the back for he was the only one to

pass the exam.

• pass on: give or convey to another• He immediately made a phone call to pass on his congra

tulations.• 他正把知识传授给同学。 He is passing on his knowledge

to his classmates.

• Collocation:• pass away去世；死 (= pass on, pass over) • pass by漠视；不理会 (= pass over) • pass down 传递 (= pass on)• pass out 失去知觉；昏过去 • pass over去世 , 死亡 ; 不注意；漠视；置之不理；不考虑

• convey:• v. • ① make (ideas, views, feelings, etc) known to another p

erson• Eg. I can hardly convey my gratitude in words.• ② take; carry• Eg. Conveyer belt in the airport convey passengers from

one gate to another.

• flatter: give an often exaggerated feeling of pleasure to; praise insincerely (in order to please)

• Eg. He was flattered into believing that he was really exceptional.

• George was flattering Mary when he said she was a brilliant artist; he didn’t really mean it.

• comment:• n. opinion, explanation or judgment written or sp

oken about an event, book, person, state of affairs, etc.

• Eg. Any comments on this topic are welcome.

• v. give opinion, explanation or judgment • Eg. The State Department spokesman refused t

o comment on the recent political situation in East Europe.

• appreciate: v.(1) be thankful for

• Your kindness to me is really appreciated.

• 我们十分感谢你所做的一切。 We greatly appreciated what you have done.

• (2) understand and enjoy

• This was really a good play. Everybody appreciated it.

• 美味的食品人人喜欢。 Delicious food is appreciated by everyone.

• CF:

• appreciate & value 这两个词均有“赏识 , 鉴赏”之意。• appreciate 指基于了解、正确的判断或洞察而“重视，珍惜，赏识”。• 指由于价值、重要性或某一品质而“重视，尊敬”。它还可以作名词，意为

“价值，价格，实用性，重要性。”

• constructive a. helping 建设性的

e.g. The Advisory Group offered some constructive advice.

• Students are urged to make constructive use of their summer vacation time.

• routine: • adj. not unusual or exciting; regular• Eg. Relax. This is just a routine medical ch

eck.

• n. fixed and regular way of doing things• Eg. His daily routine begins with checking E-mail messages.

• previous: adj.

• previous & former 这两个形容词均有“之前的”之意。• previous 指（时间或顺序上）“早先的，先前的，以前

的”。• His mother died previous to his arrival.• The previous paragraph we have just talked about is ver

y important.• former 指“从前的，以前的”。• The boy who is now studying abroad is my former stude

nt.• Bush was the former President of the United States.

• drown:• ① cover completely with water• Eg. Two years ago, most of the town was drown

ed by the floods.• ② (cause to) die in water because unable to bre

athe• Eg. Since ten years ago, over 50 people were dr

owned in the river.

• above prep. higher or more than; greater than 高于；多于；在… 之上；大于；超过

• e.g. Our club has above (over) thirty members – thirty-five, to be exact.

• They are brought up to value freedom far above their lives.

• He is not a brilliant student. He is just above average.

• ignore: v. not to take notice of, pay no attention to

• 她一个人在角落里玩，没有人理她。 She is ignored and played by herself in the corner.• My driving license was suspended for ignoring the traffic lights.

• CF: • ignore, neglect, overlook & disregard 这一些词均有“忽视，漠视”之意。• ignore 指“忽视，不顾”，强调故意置之不理，或没有给予应有的重视。• neglect 指“疏忽，遗漏”，强调注意力分配不均衡，所给予的重视程度很小，但不是故意之举，并无恶意。

• overlook 指“忽略，宽恕”，常指由于匆忙或没注意而忽视。• disregard 指“不顾”，强调故意不理睬，有漠视的意思。• He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it.• Don’t neglect writing to your mother.• He overlooked a printer’s error.• He disregarded my advice.

• 比较 ignore和 be ignorant of • ignore 指有意忽视，不理； be ignorant of 是不知道的意思。如 : • He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that there was a speed limit. 他因为

不知道有时速限制，把车开得很快。 • He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast. 他不顾时速限制，把车开得很快。

• criticize:• ① find fault with• Eg. Why are you always criticizing him?• ② form and give a judgment of; to assess the m

erits and demerits of• Eg. The Sunday newspaper devoted a page to c

riticizing new books, films, and plays.

• react : v. respondStudents with low abilities tend to react badly to criticism.

• Pattern:• react to 起反应• How did he react to your suggestion?• react on 对…有影响• How do acids react on metals? • react against 反抗• The old lady reacted against her daughter by tearing the

check apart.

• live on: get a livehood

• He lived on the government’s relief for many years.

• 不要靠吃老本生活。• Don’t live on your past gains.

• be alert (to): be quick to see and act; be watchful

• Be alert to everything around you. • The policemen were told to be alert to the dange

rs they were facing.

Difficult sentences

1. As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.

• 当我为有好几个孩子的一家人开好一份复杂的帐单时－－因为这些孩子们在要冰激凌时换来换去有十几次之多－－我都准备辞职不干了。

2. Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it.

• 对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样；没有它我们就不能开花生长。

• 3. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments.

当我们想到那些充满恶意的言辞传播得速度之快，我们就会感到，人们没有做出更大的努力来传递令人愉快、高兴的评语似乎是太遗憾了。

• 4. Praise is especially rewarding to those whose efforts goes unnoticed and unmentioned.

对于通常不为人们注意或提及的努力加以赞扬是特别有益的。

• 5. Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise worth a pound of scolding.

母亲们本能地知道，对于孩子们来说，一句赞扬抵得上十句责骂．

• 6. Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.

行为科学家已经做过无数次试验，证明任何人都往往会重复一个立即产生出愉快结果的动作．

• 7. To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort.

给予赞扬只需要给予者付出片刻的思索和片刻的努力．

• 8. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our own.

我们将不仅给别人的生活带来欢乐，而且还常常会给我们自己的生活增添更多的乐趣．　

• 9. It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.

• 我在纽约一家生意兴隆的餐馆做服务员的令人筋疲力尽的第一天终于要结束了。

• 10., we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.

• ，不知为什么却不愿把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。

• 11. Why — when one word can bring such pleasure?

• 既然只要一句赞美之词就能带来这样的欢乐，我们又何乐而不为呢？

• 12. An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal.

• 艺术家因画出一幅绚丽多彩的画而受到赞美，出示因烧出一顿佳肴而受到赞美。

• 13. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers,

• 人们经常对一些比较容易而又令人满意的活动加以评论，如插花等……

14. “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”

因此，他如饥似渴地等待着老师在页边空白处写上一段简短的评语从而向他表明老师也清楚地意识到了他的进步。

15. Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.

然而后者恰恰是在大多数学校中得不到表扬的孩子。

Assignments

• Read the new words by heart after class, next time we’ll have a dictation.

• Read the phrases again and again.• Do the rest exercises.• Preview Writing.