Uniunea Europeana Si Romania

7/26/2019 Uniunea Europeana Si Romania

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UNIVERSITATEA CONSTANTIN BRNCOVEANU din

PITETI

Facultatea de Management Ma!eting "n A#acei Ec$n$miceR%mnicu V%lcea

SPECIALIZAREA: MANAGEMENT

UNIUNEA EUROPEAN& I ROMNIA

'UCRARE (E 'ICEN)&

COOR(ONATOR *P$#+ uni,+ d+ Puiu O,idiu

STU(ENT*-uia AnaMaia . -e$giana

/ 0123 /


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CUPRINS

Int$ducee pag. 3Ca4it$lul I Integrarea Economic European evoluie i realiti pag. 5

1.1.Uniunea European !"ur# i!#ori".. pag. 51.$. Tra#a#e%e Uniunii Europene. pag. 111.3. In!#i#u&ii%e Uniunii Europene pag. 1'

Ca4it$lul II Extinderea Uniunii Europene spre est. pag. $($.1. Prin"ipii%e )i "ri#erii%e a*errii %a Uniunea European pag. $($.$.Argu+en#e ,pro- )i ,"on#ra- e#in*erii /n Europa

Cen#ra% )i *e E!#...

pag. 33

$.3.Co!#uri )i 0enei"ii a%e in#egrrii pen#ru &ri%e *in

a"ea!# regiune...

$.2. E#in*eri ii#oare

pag. 3'

pag. 2$Ca4it$lul III Romnia membr a Uniunii Europene. pag. 24

3.1. Eo%u&ia re%a&ii%or Ro+niei "u Uniunea European.. pag. 243.$. A*erarea Ro+niei %a Uniunea European. pag. 5$3.3.Aan#a6e )i *e7aan#a6e a%e in#egrrii Ro+niei /n

Uniunea European

3.2. Lo"u% e"ono+iei Ro+niei /n Uniunea European

pag. 58

pag. 83C$nclu5ii pag. '9Bi6li$ga#ie pag.Ane7e pag.

INTRO(UCERE

Integrarea economic interstatala *e0u#a# /n perioa*a po!#0e%i"

"uprin7n* &ri *in #oa#e "o%&uri%e %u+ii a## *e7o%#a#e "# )i /n *e7o%#are. ;e

%a o 7on %a a%#a a e"ono+iei +on*ia%e ei!# *eo!e0iri /n "eea "e prie)#e

$


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+o+en#u% *e"%an)rii pro"e!u%ui *e in#egrare ri#+u% eo%u&iei !a%e or+e%e

"on"re#e *e +anie!#are )i +ai a%e! peror+an&e%e rea%i7a#e. a *e7o%#a# in !e"o%u% *upa "e% *e>a%;oi%ea Ra70oi Mon*ia%? in pre7en# "on!#i#uie o "ara"#eri!#i"a i+por#an#a a

eo%u#iei e"ono+iei +on*ia%e.

Ei!#a +ai +u%#e *eini#ii pen#ru "on"ep#u% *e integrare economica-.

Integrarea economica*e!e+nea7ain genera%"on!#i#uirea*e "a#re *oua

!au +ai +u%#e #ariia unui !pa#iu e"ono+i" "o+un "are a!igura:

>*e7o%#area !"@i+0uri%or re"ipro"e?>in#er*epen*en#e e"ono+i"e !i in#repa#run*erea e"ono+ii%or na#iona%e.

Pro"e!u% *e integrare economicaare %a 0a7a a"or*uri in#e%egeri in#re #ari%e

par#i"ipan#e pre!upune "on!#i#uirea unor organi7a#ii e"ono+i"e

"ore!pun7a#oare.

Integrarea economicae!#e un pro"e! *e#er+ina# *e nu+ero!i a"#ori *e

or*in e"ono+i" #e@ni" !i !o"ia%>po%i#i". Prin"ipa%iifactori"are au !#a# %a 0a7a po"e!u%ui *e integrare economica

!un#:

>"rearea unor "on*i#ii "are !a !#i+u%e7e !"@i+0uri%e e"ono+i"e in#re *ieri#e #ari?

>progre!u% #e@ni"o>!#iin#ii" "on#e+poran"are ne"e!i#a re!ur!e inan"iare *in "e

in "e +ai +ari?

>po!i0i%i#a#i%e re!#ran!e a%e pie#e%or na#iona%e?

>"re!#erea "on"uren#ei pe pia#a +on*ia%a:

Factorii"are au aori7a# pro"e!u% *e integrare economica !un#:

>apropierea geograi"a a #ari%or re!pe"#ie?

>ei!#en#a unor in#ere!e e"ono+i"e !i po%i#i"e "o++une?

>apropierea nie%uri%or *e *e7o%#are e"ono+i"o>!o"ia%a.

Pro"e!u% *e integrare economica are caracter complex e!#e in!o#i# *e

"on#roer!e !i *i!pu#e. Prin "on#inu#u% !au a"e!# pro"e!:

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>+o*ii"a rapor#u% *e in#ere!e in#re agen#ii e"ono+i"i re7i*en#i per!pe"#ie%e

a"e!#ora?

>pun pro0%e+a renun#arii %a a#ri0u#e a%e in*epen*en#ei #ari%or +e0re?

>i+p%i"a aan#a6e !i "o!#uri inega%e pen#ru #ari%e par#i"ipan#e.

;upa !pe"ii"u% re%a#ii%or e"ono+i"e in#re #ari%e +e+0re !i gra*u% *ein#repa#un*ere a e"ono+ii%or a"e!#ora po# i ei*en#ia#e *ieri#e forme *e

integrare economica? a"e!#e formerepre7in#a !i etapepar"ur!e *e pro"e!u% *e

integrare economicain eo%u#ia !a.

9$na de c$met li6e prin "are #ari%e par#i"ipan#e:

>e%i+ina #ae%e a+a%e !i r!#ri"#ii%e "an#i#a#ie in !"@i+0uri%e *in#re e%e?

>pro+oea7a o po%i#i"a "o+er"ia%a proprie a#a *e "e%e%a#e #ari. Uniunea ,amala "ara"#eri7a#a prin:

>ar+oni7area %egi!%a#ii%or a+a%e a%e #ari%or +e+0er?

>a*op#are unui #ari a+a% "o+un in rapor# "u "e%e%a%#e #ari.

9$na de c$$4eae ec$n$mica "ara"#eri7a#a *e *ier!ii"area

a"#ii#a#ii%or "are a" o0ie"#u% "ooperarii:

>"ir"u%a#ia %i0era a 0unuri%or !i !erii"i%or?>"ooperarea in *o+eniu% #ran!por#uri%ora% #e%e"o+uni"a#ii%or?

Piata c$muna "ara"#eri7a#a prin:

>uniunea a+a%a?

>"ir"u%a#ia %i0era a +aruri%or per!oane%or "api#a%uri%or.

Uniunea e"ono+i"a !i +one#ara o pia#a "o+una "are rea%i7ea7a *e

a!e+enea:

>ar+oni7area po%i#i"i%or e"ono+i"e na#iona%e%anie% g%o0a% !au !e"#ori%aB?

>ar+oni7area po%i#i"i%or +one#areuniunea +one#araB !i u#i%i7area unei +one*e

"o+une.

Uniunea Europeana e!#e o uniune e"ono+i"a !i +one#ara.

CAPITO'U' I

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INTE-RAREA ECONOMIC&EUROPEAN&

/ EVO'UIE I REA'IT&I/

1.1. Uniunea European scurt istoric

Se "unoa#e ap#u% "a Uniunea Europeana in or+a in "are !e ga!e!#e

a!#a7i "ea *e uniune e"ono+i"a !i +one#araB nu a %ua# na!#ere *in#r>o *a#a "i in

mai multe etape istorica, ie"are o"upan* un %o" apar#e in *eini#iarea a"e!#ei

"on!#ru"#ii "o+p%ee.1

Pen#ru "a Europa !a !e gan*ea!"a !erio! %a punerea in pra"#i"a a proie"#u%ui

*e unii"are a o!# ne"e!ar !a #rea"a +u%# #i+p !i *oua ra70oaie +on*ia%e. A0ia

*upa "e% *e>a% *oi%ea ra70oi +on*ia% a o!# a"u# primul pas concret, *e "a#re

R$6et Sc:uman;+ini!#ru% ran"e7 *e e#erne in ;e"%ara#ia *in ( +ai 1(59

"an* propunea p%a!area an!a+0%u%ui pro*u"#iei ran"o>ger+ane *e "ar0une !i

o#e% !u0 o Ina%#a Au#ori#a#e Co+una "rea#a "a o organi7a#ie *e!"@i!a !i a%#or #ari.

Declaratia Schuman a !#a# %a 0a7a !e+narii in anu% 1(51 a Tatatului de

la Pai


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CEE au "rea# o Uniune Eu$4eana; +ar"an* o noua e#apa !uperioara a

in#egrarii europene.1

!i>anioaneD11>*rape%>!#eag>anion>ue.@#+%

Conor+ a"e!#ui #ra#a# 4inci4alele $6iecti,e ale Uniunii Eu$4ene

i7ea7a:$

pro+oarea progre!u%ui e"ono+i" !i !o"ia% e"@i%i0ra# !i *ura0i% prin "rearea

unui !pa#iu ara ron#iere in#erioare prin in#arirea "oe7iunii e"ono+i"e !i!o"ia%e prin !#a0i%irea unei uniuni e"ono+i"e !i +one#are?

air+area i*en#i#a#ii Uniunii Europene pe !"ena in#erna#iona%a prin

pro+oarea unei po%i#i"i e#erne !i *e !e"uri#a#e "o+une in"%u!i a unei

po%i#i"i "o+une *e aparare?

in#arirea pro#e"#iei !i in#ere!e%or re!or#i!an#i%or !#a#e%or +e+0re prin

in!#aurarea unei "e#a#enii a uniunii? +en#inerea in#egra%a a %egi!%a#iei "o+uni#are !i *e7o%#area a"e!#eia in !"opu%

ea+inarii +a!urii in "are po%i#i"i%e !i or+e%e *e "ooperare in!#i#uie prin

1Miron ;. > =E"ono+ia Uniunii europene- E*. Lu"earu% Fu"ure)#i $99$ p.19$

I*e+ p.15.

8
http://www.sidro.ro/drapele-si-fanioane/11-drapel-steag-fanion-ue.htmlhttp://www.sidro.ro/drapele-si-fanioane/11-drapel-steag-fanion-ue.html


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Tra#a#u% a!upra Uniunii Europene or #re0ui rei7ui#e pen#ru a a!igura

ei"a"i#a#ea +e"ani!+e%or !i in!#i#u#ii%or "o+uni#are.

Con!#ru"#ia Uniunii Europene re%ea un pro"e! "o+p%e rea%i7a#

"on"o+i#en# prin a""en#uarea in#egrarii in p%an in#ern !i prin e#in*erea ei in

p%an e#ern *a#ori#a a*erarii noi%or !#a#e. Sun# "uno!"u#e in %i#era#ura o !erie *eepre!ii "a: Europa cu "eometrie variabila$ Europa cercurilor oncetrice$

Europa cu mai multe vite%e "a arian#e a%#erna#ie in pro"e!u% *e e#in*ere.

In 1((' !>a in"@eia# Tatatul 4entu Eu$4a =Tatatul de la

Am;"uprin7an* reg%e+en#ari %ega#e *e : 1

po%i#i"a e#erna !i *e aparare?

"ooperarea in#erguerna+en#a%a in *o+eniu% 6u!#i#iei !i aa"eri%or in#erne? !pa#iu% S"@engen "ir"u%a#ia %i0era a per!oane%or 0unuri%or !eri"ii%or !i

"api#a%uri%or in !pa#iu% "o+uni#arB?

o"uparea or#ei *e +un"a?

"oor*onarea po%i#i"i%or e"ono+i"e reeri#oare %a o"upare !i "re!#ere

e"ono+i"a?

*rep#uri%e o+u%ui?

pro0%e+e a*+ini!#ra#ie per!ona%i#a#ea %ega#a *e Uniunea Europeana

*rep#uri *e repre7en#areB?

#ran!paren#a !i "ooperare in *o+eniu% !ana#a#ii pro#e"#iei +e*iu%ui

*e7o%#arii e"ono+i"e pro#o"o% %up#a i+po#ria "orup#iei.

Uniunea Europeana a *eeni# in #i+p unu% *in#re "ei +ai i+por#an#i a"#ori

in pro"e!u% a"#ua% *e g%o0a%i7are. Si!#e+u% in#egra# a% re%a#ii%or e"ono+i"e !i

+one#are "are a o!# "rea# in#re #ari%e +e+0re nu !>a #ran!or+a# in#r>o en#i#a#e

i7o%a#a "u o"a#ie au#ar@i"a "i *i+po#ria in#r>un e%e+en# *e !#i+u%are !i

a""e%erare a rapor#uri%or *e in#er*epen*en#a e"ono+i"a in#erna#iona%a.

In "eea "e prie!#e unificarea politica si sociala,pro"e!u% e!#e *ii"i% *e

rea%i7a# *ar ra+ane o pro0%e+a *e!"@i!a pen#ru ii#oru% Uniunii Europene.

1;ragan Ga0rie%a Uniunea Europeana. Etape, institutii, mecanisme. E*i#ura ASE Fu"ure!#i $913 p.$5.

'


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;in 1(5' pana in pre7en# Uniunea Europena a *e+on!#ra# "u "on!e"en#a

vointa politica #e a crea un spatiu #e inte"rare "on"re#i7a# nu nu+ai prin

e"@i%i0ru !i !#a0i%i#a#e *ar !i prin "apa"i#a#ea in!#i#u#iona%a *e prega#ire !i

ge!#ionare a unuiproces #e extin#ere.

Ta0e% nr. 1.Crono%ogia Con!#ru"#iei Uniunii Europene

Anul E,enimentul1(24 Tra#a#u% priin* "rearea rgani7a#iei Europene *e Cooperare

E"ono+i"eECEB.1(2( Tra#a#u% *e %a S#ra!0ourg priin* "rearea Con!i%iu%ui Europei.1(59 Crearea Uniunii Europene *e P%a#i.1(5' Iniin#area Co+uni#a#ii E"ono+i"e Europene CEEB.1(54 Tre"erea *e %a Uniunea Europeana *e P%a#i %a A"or*u% Mone#ar European1(5( Re!#a0i%irea "oner#i0i%i#a#ii in nu+era!e !#a#e europene.

1(83 Conen#ia *e %a aoun*H prin "are 14 #ari ari"ane !>au a!o"ia# %a CEE.1('9 P%anu% erner "rearea unei uniuni e"ono+i"e !i +one#are "u +one*auni"a.

1('1 A*op#area P%anu%ui erner.1('$ Iniin#area =!arpe%ui a%u#ar-. Conerin#a *e %a Pari! "rearea MarianaAB!ul inte"rariieuropene. Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+pa Ti+i!oara $995 p.8>14.

Ur+#orii %i*eri i7ionari au in!pira# "rearea Uniunii Europene /n "are

#ri+ a!#7i. euDeu>@i!#orJDin*eKro.@#+4


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(


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Pe %ng prin#ii on*a#ori pre7en#a#i ei!# !i +u%#i a%#ii "are au %u"ra# !i

%u"rea7 neo!#eni# pen#ru proie"#u% european in!pirn*u>%. A"ea!# !e"#iune

*e*i"a# prin#i%or on*a#ori e!#e prin ur+are /n "on#inu eo%u#ie:1

?$nad Adenaue: #emocrat pra"matic &i unificator neobosit?

@$


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1.+. ratatele Uniunii Europene

Tra#a#e%e "on!#i#u#ie1repre7in#a *rep#u% "o+uni#ar iin* i7oru% "u "ea

+ai +are or#a 6uri*i"a in or*inea 6uri*i"a "o+uni#ara.

1. Tratatul de la aris

La 0a7a a"#u%ui *e na!#ere a Co+uni#a#ii Europene "u+ !e nu+ea %a

in"epu# Uniunea Europeana !#a *e"%ara#ia *in ( +ai 1(51 a +ini!#ru%ui ran"e7

*e e#erne R$6et Sc:uman; in "are a"e!#a pre7en#a un p%an pu! %a pun"#

i+preuna "u @ean M$nnet; pe a#un"i "o+i!ar a% p%anu%ui *e +o*erni7are a


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Tra#a#e%e au o!# in"@eia#e pen#ru o *ura#a ne%i+i#a#a !i au in#ra# in igoare

%a 1 ianuarie 1(54 *upa ra#ii"area %or *e "a#re MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene. Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.1(.$i*e+.3i0i*e+.

1$


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A o!# nego"ia# in "a*ru% Conerin#ei In#erguerna+en#a%e *e!a!ura#a in

perioa*a ( !ep#e+0rie 1(45 1' e0ruarie 1(48 iin* "on!i*era# *e !pe"ia%i!#i

"a un *o"u+en# *e +ai+a i+por#an#a priin* ii#oru% Co+uni#a#ii Europene

a!i+i%a# #ra#a#e%or "o+uni#are.

A o!# !e+na# %a 1' e0ruarie 1(48 *e ( !#a#e *in "e%e 1$ +e+0re !i %a $4e0ruarie 1(48 *e "e%e%a%#e 3: I#a%ia ;ane+ar"a !i Gre"ia. A in#ra# in igoare %a

1 iu%ie 1(4'.

A"#u% Uni" European re%an!ea7a "on!#ru"#ia europeana a#a# in p%an

e"ono+i" *e!aar!irea pie#ei in#erne punerea in pra"#i"a a unei po%i#i"i *e

"er"e#are !i #e@no%ogi7are in#arirea Si!#e+u%ui Mone#ar European e#".B "a# !i in

p%an in!#i#u#iona% e#in*erea o#u%ui +a6ori#a#ii "a%ii"a#e %argirea ro%u%uiPar%a+en#u%ui European *e7o%#area unui !pa#iu !o"ia% e#".B.1

(.Tratatul de la )aastric*t &Tratatul asupra UE TUE'

E!#e #ra#a#u% *e "reare a Uniunii Europene !e+na# %a ' e0ruarie 1(($ !i

in#ra# in igoare %a 1 noie+0rie 1((3. E!#e "on!i*era# cel mai important tratat,

un pas inainte spre unificarea politica a Europei. Ra#ii"area #ra#a#u%ui a

in#a+pina# o !erie *e o0!#a"o%e: ra!pun! nega#i %a reeren*u+u% organi7a# in;ane+ar"a a"#iune in in!#an#a in Ger+ania pen#ru o0#inerea apro0arii

Par%a+en#u%ui "are>% *e"%ara!e ini#ia% ne"on!#i#u#iona%.

La in"epu# Tra#a#u% a o!# gan*i# "a =o noua etapa in procesul crearii unei

uniuni mai puternice intre popoarele Europei-. A"e!# #ra#a# a pu! 6a5elepen#ru:$

a/ #e%voltarea unei politici externe si #e securitate comune$

b/ intensificarea cooperarii in #omeniul (ustitiei si afacerilor interne$

c/ elaborarea unui calen#ar in trei etape pentru intro#ucerea unei mone#e

unice europene.

Tra#a#u% a a*u! +o*ii"ari !i "o+p%e#ari e"@i%or #ra#a#e !#a0i%in* "a "e%e

#rei "o+uni#a#i europene or i "on!i*era#e "a un #o# uni#ar *enu+i# omunitate

1;o0ran Maria>MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene. Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.$9.$Ion inga An*rei Pope!"u0nte"rarea europeana #ictionar #e termeni comunitari,E*i#ura Lu+ina LuFu"ure!#i $999 p.15.

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Europeana, "are *upa punerea in ap%i"are a ratatului #e la aastricht,ur+a !a

!e nu+ea!"a Uniunea Eu$4eana+

Prin#re "e%e +ai i+por#an#e elemente de n$utate a*u!e *e ratatul asupra

Uniunii Europenepo# i enu+era#e:1

#repturi civile europene "e#a#enia uniuniiB? noi competente pentru omunitatea Europeana, in ur+a#oare%e *o+enii:

in#en!ii"area pro#e"#iei "on!u+a#ori%or? po%i#i"a *e !ana#a#e? po%i#i"a *e i7e?

rea%i7area *e re#e%e #ran!europene? in!#i#u#iona%i7area "ooperarii pen#ru

*e7o%#are? po%i#i"a in*u!#ria%a? "u%#ura? in#en!ii"area pro#e"#iei +e*iu%ui

in"on6ura#or? po%i#i"a *e "er"e#are !i *e7o%#are? po%i#i"a !o"ia%a "u e"ep#ia

Marii Fri#aniiB? "ooperarea in *o+eniu% 6u!#i#iei !i aa"eri%or in#erne? puteri suplimentare pentru 5arlamentul European6 par#i"ipare %a pro"e!u%

%egi!%a#i apro0area "o+ponen#ei Co+i!iei apro0area #ra#a#e%or

in#erna#iona%e?

instituirea unei politici externe si #e securitate comuna 5ESB.

Tra#a#u% a!upra Uniunii Europene pre"i7ea7a 4inci4iile Uniunii Europene:

subsi#iaritate, co#eci%ie !i soli#aritate. In a"e%a!i #i+p in a"e!# #ra#a# !un#pre"i7a#e !i $6iecti,ele Uniunii Europene +ai i+por#an#e iin*:

aB promovarea unui pro"res economic si social echilibrat, in !pe"ia% "rearea

unui !pa#iu ara ron#iere prin in#arirea "oe7iunii e"ono+i"e !i !o"ia%e

!#a0i%irea unei uniuni e"ono+i"e !i +one#are aan* "a o0ie"#i ina%

in#ro*u"erea unei +one*e uni"e?

0B afirmarea i#entitatii europene pe !"ena in#erna#iona%a prin punerea in

ap%i"are a unei po%i#i"i e#erne !i *e !e"uri#a#e "o+une !i pe #er+en %ung a

unei po%i#i"i *e aparare "o+una?

"B instituirea cetateniei europene, prin in#arirea pro#e"#iei *rep#uri%or !i

in#ere!e%or "e#a#eni%or !#a#e%or +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene?

*B mentinerea ac7uis!ului comunitar !i *e7o%#area %ui?

e/ #e%voltarea unei stranse cooperari in #omeniul (ustitiei si afacerilor interne.

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Tra#a#u% a!upra Uniunii Europene pree*e "a a"e!#e o0ie"#ie !e rea%i7ea7a

in "on*i#ii !i ri#+uri pre!#a0i%i#e pe 0a7a principiului subsi#iaritatii. Tra#a#u%

"uprin*e o0ie"#ie "on"re#e priin* #ae%e a+a%e po%i#i"i%e e"ono+i"e uniunea

+one#ara.

In !piri#u% Tra#a#u%ui a o!# ini#ia#a onferinta 0nter"uvernamentala, "aoru+ in "are po# i @o#ara#e !i a*op#a#e a+en*a+en#e %a #ra#a#e%e ei!#en#e !au

po# i e%a0ora#e noi #ra#a#e.

+. Tratatul de la %msterdam

A o!# a*op#a# *e "a#re !#a#e%e +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene %a *a#a *e $

o"#o+0rie 1((' in#ran* in igoare %a 1 +ai 1((4. A"e!# #ra#a# mo#ifica !i

completea%aTra#a#u% *e %a Maa!#ri"@# in*eo!e0i in ur+a#oare%e 4uncte:1

- locul cuvenit muncii si #repturilor cetatenilor, e#in7an* pen#ru pri+a *a#a

po%i#i"a *e o"upare a or#ei *e +un"a %a *i+en!iune europeana re"uno!"an*>

o *rep# o !ar"ina "o+una *e %u"ru "eea "e +ar"@ea7a un progre! re+ar"a0i%

in "on#urarea po%i#i"ii !o"ia%e "o+uni#are?

- eliminarea ultimelor obstacole #in calea liberei circulatii a bunurilor si

serviciilor$- re"lementarea 5oliticii Externe si #e Securitate omune 5ES/ si a

cooperarii in #omeniul (ustitiei si afaceriloe interne, ie"are !#a# +e+0ru

iin* neoi# !a "o%a0ore7e +ai !#ran! in "a*ru% Europo%u%ui?

- posibilitatea Uniunii Europene #e a!si face mai bine au%ita vocea in ca#rul

instantelor internatioale$

- crearea unor institutii sau proce#uri capabile sa asi"ure buna functionare a

unei Uniuni extinse.

Prin o0ie"#ie%e !a%e a"e!# Tra#a# !i>a propu! in prin"ipa% !a "on!#ruia!"a o

Europa +ai apropia#a *e "e#a#enii !ai "u o +ai +are pre!#an#a pe p%an

in#erna#iona%. Pa"#u% *e Cre!#ere !i S#a0i%i#a#e i !>a a#a!a# un pa"@e# *e +a!uri "u

"ara"#er !o"ia% priin* "re!#erea e"ono+i"a !i "re!#erea *e noi %o"uri *e +un"a

una *in#re priori#a#i%e Uniunii Europene.

,.Tratatul de la -isa

1i*e+ p.8.15


16/73

A o!# !e+na# in e0ruarie $991 !i a in#ra# in igoare %a 1 e0ruarie $993.

S"@i+0ari%e in!#i#u#iona%e prea7u#e in a"e!# #ra#a# au opera# in"epan* "u $992.

A!#e% nou% Par%a+en# European a%e! in iu%ie $992 *upa pri+u% a% *e

e#in*ere *in +ai $992B are '3$ *e +e+0ri iar noua Co+i!ie Europeana $5

*e +e+0ri. Me+0rii Co+i!iei !un# a%e!i pe 0a7a "o+pe#en#ei %or genera%e !i#re0uie !a oere #oa#e garan#ii%e *e in*epen*en#a. Can* Uniunea Europeana a

aea $' *e !#a#e +e+0re nu+aru% *e "o+i!ari $5B a i +ai +i" *e"a# nu+aru%

!#a#e%or +e+0re. Co+i!arii or i a%e!i pe 0a7a unui !i!#e+ ro#a#i in#e+eia# pe

prin"ipiu% ega%i#a#ii aran6a+en#e%e ne"e!are iin* a*op#a#e *e Con!i%iu prin o#

unani+. A"e!# aran6a+en# !e a ap%i"a *e %a *a#a %a "are i!i a in"epe +an*a#u%

pri+a Co+i!ie *e *upa a*erarea Ro+aniei !i Fu%gariei. ;e a!e+enea e!#e *e +en#iona# !i o a%#a reg%e+en#are !i anu+e: Con!i%iu%

Uniunii Europene @o#ara!#e prin#r>o +a6ori#a#e "a%ii"a#a "ine a i per!oana

no+ina%i7a#a pen#ru a i nu+i#a Pre!e*in#e a Co+i!iei Europene iar +ai apoi

Con!i%iu% i+preuna "u Pre!e*in#e%e nou a%e! a% Co+i!iei or !#a0i%i %i!#a "u

"e%e%a%#e per!oane pe "are in#en#ionea7a !a %e nu+ea!"a *rep# +e+0ri ai

Co+i!iei #inan* "on# *e propuneri%e a"u#e *e ie"are !#a# +e+0ru..Tratatul de la /isabona

Tra#a#u% *e %a Li!a0ona e!#e re7u%#a#u% perioa#ei #e reflec ie "are a

ur+a# *up "e%e *ou reeren*u+uri e)ua#e *in


17/73

o0%iga&ia "on!#i#u&iona% *e a organi7a un reeren*u+ popu%ar. p&iunea unui

reeren*u+ !>a *i!"u#a# /n! )i /n &ri pre"u+ ;ane+ar"a %an*a )i Marea

Fri#anie. Tra#a#u% *e %a Li!a0ona e!#e un #ra#a# *e a+en*are a #ra#a#e%or ei!#en#e.

La in#rarea !a /n igoare 1 *e"e+0rie $99(B Tra#a#u% *e %a Li!a0ona a

+o*ii"a# "e%e *ou #ra#a#e +a6ore a%e Uniunii: Tra#a#u% priin* UniuneaEuropean pre"u+ )i Tra#a#u% *e in!#i#uire a Co+uni#&ii Europene. A"e!#a *in

ur+ a o!# re*enu+i# =ratatul privin# func ionarea Uniunii Europene* .

1.8. 0nstitu'iile Uniunii Europene

Con!#ru"&ia european a o!# +ar"a# pn %a in#rarea /n igoare %a 1noie+0rie 1((3 a Tra#a#u%ui a!upra Uniunii Europene *e o 6u#apunere pe *e o

par#e a in!#i#u&ii%or "o+uni#are /n!r"ina#e "u pro0%e+e e"ono+i"e /n "a*ru%

punerii /n ap%i"are a "e%or #rei Tra#a#e "on!#i#u#ie )i pe *e a%# par#e a

+e"ani!+e%or *e "ooperare po%i#i" *e na#ur in#er!#a#a% "are !>au +anie!#a#

/n +o* progre!i /n"epn* "u anii 1('9.1

S#a#e%e +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene au *e%ega# o par#e *in#re pu#eri%e %ora"e!#eia a!#e% /n"# /n *o+enii !pe"ii"e *e in#ere! "o+un *e"i7ii%e !un# %ua#e

%a nie% european *e "#re in!#i#u&ii%e europene.

Nucleul Uniunii Eu$4ene i% "on!#i#uie un triun"hi or+a# *in tei

in


18/73

Economic si Social$ omitetul 4e"iunilor$ e#iatorul European$ Banca

Europeana #e 0nvestitii si Banca entrala Europeana.

Uniunea Europeana 0enei"ia7 *e un ca#ru institu'ionalunic/n %u+e /n

"are:1

priori#&i%e genera%e !un# !#a0i%i#e *e Con!i%iu% European "are reune)#e %i*erii

na&iona%i )i europeni?

*epu#a&ii europeni a%e)i prin o# *ire"# repre7in# in#ere!e%e "e#&eni%or /n

"a*ru% Par%a+en#u%ui European?

in#ere!e%e Uniunii /n an!a+0%u !un# pro+oa#e *e Co+i!ia European ai

"rei +e+0ri !un# *e!e+na&i *e guerne%e na&iona%e?

guerne%e pro+oea7 in#ere!e%e !#a#e%or +e+0re /n "a*ru% Con!i%iu%ui

Uniunii Europene.

PAR'AMENTU' EUROPEAN =PE>

Par%a+en#u% European e!#e !ingura in!#i#u&ie a Uniunii Europene ai "rei

+e+0ri !un# a%e)i *ire"# *e "#re "e#&enii S#a#e%or Me+0re.1

I!#ori": A o!# /niin&a# prin #ra#a#e%e on*a#oare a%e Co+uni#&i%or

Europene. Co+uni#a#ea European a Cr0une%ui )i &e%u%ui CECB aea oA*unare Co+un "are !>a #ran!or+a# *up "rearea "e%or%a%#e *ou "o+uni#&i

Co+uni#a#ea E"ono+i" European CEEB )i Co+uni#a#ea European a Energiei

A#o+i"e Eura#o+B /n A*unarea Par%a+en#ar European iin* "o+un pen#ru

#oa#e "e%e #rei "o+uni#&i. ;enu+irea *e Par%a+en#u% European o are *in 1(8$.

Ini&ia% a au# un ro% pur "on!u%#a#i pu#eri%e !a%e au o!# /n! e#in!e prin ie"are

#ra#a# !e+na#.euDin!#i#u#ion!>0o*ie!Din*eKro.@#+1$i*e+.

14


19/73

Sur!a:@##p:DDora*e"%u6.ora*e!#iri.ro

0uncii

Palamentul Eu$4eanare #rei2uncii principale:$

>0uncia legislativ: a*op#area %egi%or europene?>0uncia bugetar eer"i#a in%uen#a a!upra "@e%#uie%i%or "o+uni#a#ii?

30unctia de supraveg*ere democratica!e eer"i#a a!upra Co+i!iei Europene

in !en!u% "a Par%a+en#u% European i!i !pune parerea *e!pre reunirea +e+0ri%or

Co+i!iei !i poa#e *epune o +o#iune i+po#ria a"e!#eia.

Qn "eea "e prie)#e ur+#oru% +an*a# /n prin"ipiu nu+ru% +ai+ *e

*epu#a&i e!#e *e '38. Pre)e*in#e%e repre7in# Par%a+en#u% %a eeni+en#e%e "u"ara"#er oi"ia% )i /n re%a&ii%e in#erna&iona%e pre7i*ea7 !e!iuni%e p%enare a%e

Par%a+en#u%ui pre"u+ )i /n#%niri%e Firou%ui )i a%e Conerin&ei Pre)e*in&i%or

Grupuri%or Po%i#i"e. Pre)e*in#e%e PE par#i"ip )i %a reuniuni%e Con!i%iu%ui

European un*e pre7in# pun"#u% *e e*ere a% PE "u priire %a pro0%e+e%e a%a#e

pe or*inea *e 7i.

;in "in"i /n "in"i ani "e##enii UE /!i a%eg repre7en#an#ii /n Par%a+en#u%

European in!#i#u#ia ai "rei +e+0ri !un# a%e!i /n +o* *ire"# !i "are %e apr

in#ere!e%e /n pro"e!u% *e"i7iona% *e %a nie%u% UE.

Ta0e% nr. $.

I+par#irea %o"uri%or %a a%egeri%e par%a+en#are

S#a# +e+0ru Lo"uri S#a# +e+0ru Lo"uri

Ger+ania (8 Au!#ria 140o*ie!Din*eKro.@#+1(


20/73

Sur!a: @##p:DDro.iOipe*ia.orgDiOiDPar%a+en#u%KEuropean

ar ap%i"a prin"ipiu%

propor#iona%i##ii !#ri"#e. Pen#ru a%egeri%e *in $912 /n "onor+i#a#e "u Tra#a#u%

*e %a Li!a0ona nu+ru% *e *epu#a#i aria7 *e %a !a!e pen#ru Ma%#a Lue+0urg

Cipru !i E!#onia %a (8 pen#ru Ger+ania.

Grupuri po%i#i"e: ;epu#a&ii /n Par%a+en#u% European !un# grupa&i /n un"&ie*e aini#a#ea po%i#i" )i nu *e na&iona%i#a#e. Qn pre7en# ei!# op# grupuri po%i#i"e

/n Par%a+en#u%European: Grupu% Par#i*u%ui Popu%ar European Cre)#in>

;e+o"ra#B )i a% ;e+o"ra&i%or Europeni Grupu% So"ia%i!# Grupu% A%ian&ei

Li0era%i%or )i ;e+o"ra&i%or pen#ru Europa Grupu% Uniunea pen#ru Europa

Na&iuni%or Grupu% er7i%orDA%ian&a Li0er European Grupu% Cone*era% a%

S#ngii Uni#e EuropeneDS#nga er*e Nor*i" Grupu% In*epen*en& )i

;e+o"ra&ie )i Grupu% I*en#i#a#e Tra*i&ie Suerani#a#e.

rgani7are:

Qn %u"ru% Par%a+en#u%ui European !e *i!#ing *ou e#ape: > preg#irea

!e!iuni%or p%enare /n "o+i!ii%e par%a+en#are. Qnain#ea ie"rui o# *in "a*ru%

)e*in&e%or p%enare grupuri%e po%i#i"e ea+inea7 rapoar#e%e e%a0ora#e *e

"o+i!ii%e par%a+en#are )i *epun a+en*a+en#e. > !e!iuni%e p%enare /n "a*ru%

"rora !un# ana%i7a#e propuneri%e %egi!%a#ie )i !un# o#a#e een#ua%e

a+en*a+en#e.

Se*iu%: Par%a+en#u% European !e reune)#e /n p%en %a S#ra!0ourg o

!p#+n /n ie"are %un. Une%e reuniuni p%enare au %o" %a Frue%%e! un*e

!e&in)i reuniuni%e /n "a*ru% "o+i!ii%or. Se"re#aria#u% genera% a% Par%a+en#u%ui

European !e a% %a Lue+0urg.Qn ie"are !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii !e g!e)#e "#e

un Firou *e inor+are a% Par%a+en#u%ui.

$9


21/73

;e %a in#rarea /n igoare a Tra#a#u%ui *e %a Li!a0ona Par%a+en#u% European

a *eeni# un "o%egi!%a#or pu#erni" !i 6oa" un ro% *e#er+inan# /n *einirea

po%i#i"i%or europene. o#n* %a a%egeri%e europene ie"are "e##ean are !an!a *e a

in%uen#a "o+ponen#a Par%a+en#u%ui !i *e"i7ii%e !a%e /n ur+#oru% +an*a# *e

"in"i ani.CONSI'IU' UNIUNII EUROPENE

;enu+i# )i Con!i%iu% *e Mini)#ri Con!i%iu% Uniunii Europene repre7in#

S#a#e%e Me+0re %a reuniuni%e !a%e par#i"ipn* +ini)#ri ai a"e!#ora. A nu !e

"onun*a "u Con!i%iu% European !au "u Con!i%iu% Europei o organi7a#ie

in*epen*en# *e UE.

I!#ori": Con!i%iu% a o!# /niin&a# prin #ra#a#e%e on*a#oare /n anii 1(59. Spre*eo!e0ire *e Par%a+en#u% European "are a o!# /n" *in 1(54 o in!#i#u&ie

"o+un pen#ru #oa#e "e%e #rei Co+uni#&i Europene a ei!#a# "#e un Con!i%iu

pen#ru ie"are "o+uni#a#e pn %a in#rarea /n igoare a Tra#a#u%ui *e u7iune /n

1(8'.

4oordonarea politicilor 5tatelor )embre

>6nc*eierea acordurilor internaionale 7ntre UE i alte state sau organi8aii

internaionale

11@##p:DDeuropa.euDa0ou#>euDin!#i#u#ion!>0o*ie!Din*eKro.@#+$1


22/73

>0uncia bugetar

>Elaborarea politicii externe i de securitate comun&E54'

>4oordonarea cooperrii poliieneti i 9udiciare 7n materie penal.

Con!i%iu% e!#e "o+pu! /n *ieri#e "o+ponen#e *in $' *e +ini!#ri na#iona%i

unu% *in ie"are !#a#B. Co+ponen#a ea"# *epin*e *e *o+enii%e /n *i!"u#ie *eee+p%u a#un"i "n* !e *i!"u# po%i#i"i reeri#oare %a agri"u%#ur Con!i%iu% e!#e

or+a# *in "ei $' *e +ini!#ri "are au /n por#oo%iu !i *o+eniu% agri"u%#urii.

Pre!e*in#ia Con!i%iu%ui e!#e ro#a#i /n#re ie"are !#a# +e+0ru !i +an*a#u%

ie"rei pre!e*in#ii *urea7 !a!e %uni +an*a# "are e!#e *e#inu# *e +ini!#eru%

re%ean# pen#ru ie"are /n#%nire /n par#e. Con#inui#a#ea *in#re pre!i*en#ii e!#e

a!igura# *e un a"or* /n#re #rei pre7i*en#ii "on!e"u#ie "uno!"u# "a #riu+ira#u%pre7i*en#ia% !i /+pr#irea progra+e%or po%i#i"e. Con!i%iu% Aa"eri%or E#erne

or+a# *in +ini!#rii *e e#erne a !#a#e%or +e+0reB e!#e #o#u!i "on*u! *e Qna%#u%

Repre7en#an# a% Uniunii pen#ru Aa"eri E#erne !i Po%i#i" *e Se"uri#a#e.

Con!i%iu% e!#e a*+ini!#ra# *e un Se"re#aria# Genera% a% Con!i%iu%ui. ;e"i7ii%e !un#

%ua#e "u +a6ori#a#e "a%ii"a# /n "e%e +ai +u%#e *o+enii "u unani+i#a#e /n a%#e%e.

;e o0i"ei a#un"i "n* operea7 unani+i#a#ea e!#e ne"e!ar !i "on!u%#areaPar%a+en#u%ui European. Cu #oa#e a"e!#ea /n +a6ori#a#ea *o+enii%or !e ap%i"

pro"e*ura %egi!%a#i or*inar a"ea!# pro"e*ur repre7in# " Par%a+en#u%

European !i Con!i%iu% /+par# /n +o* ega% pu#eri%e %egi!%a#ie !i 0uge#are

/n!e+nn* " a+0e%e #re0uie ! /!i *ea a"or*u% pen#ru "a o propunere %egi!%a#i

! ie a*op#a#. Qn anu+i#e *o+enii %i+i#a#e Con!i%iu% poa#e ini#ia %egi!%a#ie

european *e unu% !ingur.

Con!i%iu% Uniunii Europene /!i are "a pri+ %o" *e /n#%nire !e*iu% *e %a

Frue%%e! iar "a a% *oi%ea %o" S#ra!0ourg.

Qn"epn* "u 1 noie+0rie $992 pragu% +a6ori##ii "a%ii"a#e e!#e a#in! o*a#

"e !un# /n*ep%ini#e *ou "on*i#ii:

*a" +a6ori#a#ea !#a#e%or +e+0re !e pronun# /n aoarea a*op#rii

propunerii?

"e% pu#in $3$ *e o#uri !un# pen#ru a*op#area propunerii "eea "e "ore!pun*e

"u '$3 *in #o#a%u% o#uri%or.$$


23/73

Ta0e% nr.3.

Nu+r *e o#uriD!#a#

S#a#u%DS#a#e%e Nu+r *e +an*a#eD!#a#Ger+ania


24/73

"uren#e a%e Uniunii. Co+i!ia un"#ionea7 "a un "a0ine# *e guern or+a# *in

$' *e +e+0ri.

a *oua Co+i!ie Farro!o a in#ra# /n un"#ie /n $919. Ter+enu% *e =Co+i!ie- e!#e o%o!i# ori pen#ru a>i *e!e+na pe "ei $' *e

+e+0ri ai Co%egiu%ui Co+i!ari%or !au pen#ru a *e!e+na in"%u!i organi!+e%e

a*+ini!#ra#ie or+a# *in $3.999 *e un"#ionari pu0%i"i europeni "are !un#

/+pr#i#i /n *epar#a+en#e nu+i#e ;ire"#ora#e>Genera%e !i Seri"ii. Li+0i%e

in#erne *e %u"ru a%e Co+i!iei !un# eng%e7a ran"e7a !i ger+ana. Me+0rii

Co+i!iei !i "a0ine#e%e %or e"@ipe%e *e %u"ruB au !e*iu% /n C%*irea Fer%aJ+on#*in Frue%%e!.


25/73

Co+i!ia European *eri *in una *in "e%e 5 in!#i#u#ii "rea#e /n !i!#e+u%

!uprana#iona% a% Co+uni##i%or Europene ur+n* propunerea %ui Ro0er#

S"@u+an +ini!#ru% *e e#erne a% ;estionarea i implementarea politicilor< programelor i bugetului UE

>=;ardianul= tratatelor

- Repre8entare la nivel internaional

Co+i!ia European e!#e /+pr#i# /n *epar#a+en#e "uno!"u#e !u0 nu+e%e

*e ;ire"#ii Genera%e ;GB "are po# i a!e+na#e +ini!#ere%or *in !#a#e%e +e+0re.

1Ni ;. ;rago+ir E. 0nstitu iile Uniunii Europene, E*. No+ina Le Fu"ure #i $919 p.11$$1@##p:DDeuropa.euDa0ou#>euDin!#i#u#ion!>0o*ie!Din*eKro.@#+

$5


26/73

+ini)#rii !#a#e%or +e+0re

)i ra#ii"a#e *e "#re par%a+en#e%e na&iona%e.

UE *i!pune )i *e a%#e in!#i#u&ii )i organi!+e in#erin!#i#u&iona%e !pe"ia%i7a#e:$

Fan"a Cen#ra% European r!pun*e *e po%i#i"a +one#ar european

Seri"iu% European *e A"&iune E#ern SEAEB /i oer !pri6in Qna%#u%ui

Repre7en#an# a% Uniunii pen#ru aa"eri e#erne )i po%i#i"a *e !e"uri#a#e

un"&ie *e&inu# /n pre7en# *e Ca#@erine A!@#on. A"ea!#a "on*u"e %u"rri%e

Con!i%iu%ui Aa"eri E#erne )i #ra!ea7 *ire"&ii%e po%i#i"ii e#erne )i *e

!e"uri#a#e "o+une a!igurn* /n a"e%a)i #i+p "on!i!#en&a )i "oor*onareaa"&iuni%or *e!)ura#e *e UE pe p%an e#ern.

Co+i#e#u% E"ono+i" )i So"ia% European repre7in# !o"ie#a#ea "ii%

anga6a#orii )i !a%aria&ii

Co+i#e#u% Regiuni%or repre7in# au#ori#&i%e regiona%e )i %o"a%e

1

1@##p:DDeuropa.euDa0ou#>euDin!#i#u#ion!>0o*ie!Din*eKro.@#+$

$i*e+.$8


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Fan"a European *e Ine!#i&ii inan&ea7 proie"#e%e *e ine!#i&ii a%e UE )i

!pri6in /n#reprin*eri%e +i"i prin in#er+e*iu% o UE %rgi#. Prin"ipiu% ro#a#iei po!#uri%or"onor+ "ruia +e+0rii "o+i!iei +i"!ora#e or i a%e!i *in rn*u% !#a#e%or

+e+0re e!#e pre7u# !i /n proie"#u% *e "on!#i#u#ie. Conor+ Tra#a#u%ui

Con!#i#u#iona% pre!e*in#e%e "o+i!iei a i a%e! *e par%a+en# %a propunerea

Con!i%iu%ui *e Mini!#ri %u"ru "are a "on#ri0ui %a "re!#erea %egi#i+i##ii

*e+o"ra#i"e a "o+i!iei !i a /n#ri /n genera% po7i#ia pre!e*in#e%ui a# *e

Con!i%iu% European !i Con!i%iu% *e Mini!#ri.

$'


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CAPITO'U' II

ETIN(EREA UNIUNII EUROPENE SPRE EST

+.1. 5rincipiile &i criteriile a#errii la Uniunea European

Pro"e!u% *e e#in*ere a Uniunii Europene UEB are o un"&ie i!#ori": a"eea*e a a"e *in "on#inen#u% european un !pa&iu *e pa"e !#a0i%i#a#e )i pro!peri#a#e.

UE a pu! /n ap%i"are #rep#a# un pro"e! *e g@i*are )i !pri6inire a &ri%or "an*i*a#e

%a a*erare pen#ru "a a"e!#ea ! ie preg#i#e ! /)i a!u+e o0%iga&ii%e *e !#a#e

+e+0re /n !pe"ia% /n pro"e!u% *e #ran7i&ie reor+e )i punere /n ap%i"are a

a"ui!>u%ui )i a po%i#i"i%or UE.1


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S#a#e%e +e0re a%e Uniunii Europene

Sur!a: @##p:DDeuropa.euDa0ou#>euD"oun#rie!Din*eKro.@#+

ri"e !#a# european "are *ore)#e ! a*ere %a Uniunea European UEB

#re0uie ! re!pe"#e a%ori%e "o+une a%e UE *eini#e %a ar#i"o%u% $ *in Tra#a#u%

priin* Uniunea European TUEB: re!pe"#area *e+ni#&ii u+ane a %i0er#&ii

*e+o"ra&iei ega%i#&ii !#a#u%ui *e *rep# *rep#uri%or o+u%ui in"%u!i a

*rep#uri%or per!oane%or "are apar&in +inori#&i%or. Qn p%u! a"e!#ea !e anga6ea7 !re!pe"#e a%ori%e UE /n "a*ru% Uniunii Europene )i /n re%a&ia "u &ri%e #er&e.

Pa)ii *e a*erare %a UE !un# pre7u&i %a ar#i"o%u% 2( *in TUE. Ini&ia% !#a#u%

"are *ore)#e ! a*ere %a UE a*re!ea7 "ererea !a *e a*erare Con!i%iu%ui.

Par%a+en#u% European )i par%a+en#e%e na&iona%e !un# inor+a#e "u priire %a

a"ea!# "erere. Con!i%iu% "on!u%# apoi Co+i!ia )i !o%i"i# apro0area

Par%a+en#u%ui European "are !e pronun& "u +a6ori#a#ea +e+0ri%or "are /%"o+pun. Qn "a7u% unui ai7 aora0i% Con!i%iu% !e pronun& /n unani+i#a#e "u

priire %a "ererea *e a*erare.

Con*i&ii%e *e a*erare )i a*ap#ri%e i+pu!e *e a"ea!#a #ra#a#e%or )i

in!#i#u&ii%or a" o0ie"#u% unui a"or* /n#re !#a#e%e +e+0re )i !#a#u% !o%i"i#an#. A"e!#

a"or* !au #ra#a# *e a*erareB !e !upune ra#ii"rii *e "#re #oa#e !#a#e%e

"on#ra"#an#e .

rocesul de aderare

$(


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ri"e "erere *e a*erare a"e o0ie"#u% unui ai7 a% Co+i!iei )i a% unei

*e"i7ii a Con!i%iu%ui "are /i a#ri0uie &rii !o%i"i#an#e !#a#u#u% *e &ar "an*i*a#.

A"e!# !#a#u# nu /n!ea+n neapra# ini&ierea i+e*ia# a nego"ieri%or /n e*erea

a*errii. Vara "an*i*a# #re0uie +ai /n#i ! /n*ep%inea!" o !erie *e "on*i&ii.

A"ea!#a #re0uie ! /n*ep%inea!" "ri#erii%e *e e%igi0i%i#a#e *eini#e *eCon!i%iu% European *e %a Copen@aga *in 1((3 )i "o+p%e#a#e *e Con!i%iu%

European *e %a Ma*ri* *in 1((5. A"e!#ea !un#:1

"ri#erii po%i#i"e: in!#i#u&ii !#a0i%e "are ! garan#e7e *e+o"ra&ia !#a#u% *e *rep#

*rep#uri%e o+u%ui pre"u+ )i re!pe"#area )i pro#e"&ia +inori#&i%or?

"ri#erii e"ono+i"e: o e"ono+ie *e pia& un"&iona% pre"u+ )i "apa"i#a#ea *e

a a"e a& pre!iunii "on"uren&ia%e )i or&e%or pie&ei *in "a*ru% UE? "apa"i#a#ea *e a>)i a!u+a o0%iga&ii%e *e !#a# +e+0ru "are *e"urg *in *rep#u%

)i po%i#i"i%e UE !au a"ui!>u% "o+uni#arB in"%u!i a*e7iunea %a o0ie"#ie%e

uniunii po%i#i"e e"ono+i"e )i +one#are.

;e a!e+enea &ara "an*i*a# #re0uie ! *i!pun *e "on*i&ii%e ne"e!are

pen#ru in#egrarea !a prin a*ap#area !#ru"#uri%or !a%e a*+ini!#ra#ie.

Capa"i#a#ea *e a0!or0&ie a UE !au "apa"i#a#ea *e in#egrareB repre7in# una%# e%e+en# un*a+en#a%. UE #re0uie ! ie /n +!ur ! a""ep#e noi +e+0ri /n

para%e% "u "on!o%i*area in#egrrii )i garan#area un"&ionrii in!#i#u&ii%or )i

po%i#i"i%or !a%e. La rn*u% %or noi%e !#a#e +e+0re #re0uie ! ie 0ine preg#i#e

pen#ru a>)i a!u+a !#a#u#u% *e !#a# +e+0ru. ;e a!e+enea e#in*erea #re0uie !

0enei"ie7e *e !pri6inu% opiniei pu0%i"e /n !#a#e%e +e+0re )i /n &ri%e "an*i*a#e.

;a" o &ar "an*i*a# /n*ep%ine)#e a"e!#e "ri#erii nego"ieri%e *e a*erare

po# i %an!a#e. Con!i%iu% European *e"i*e "u priire %a opor#uni#a#ea *e!"@i*erii

nego"ieri%or pe 0a7a ai7u%ui Co+i!iei.

Nego"ieri%e *e a*erare repre7in# un*a+en#u% pro"e!u%ui *e a*erare.

A"e!#ea !e reer %a a*op#area i+p%e+en#area )i ap%i"area a"ui!>u%ui "o+uni#ar

*e "#re &ri%e "an*i*a#e. 0ie"#iu% nego"ieri%or e!#e *e a !pri6ini &ri%e

"an*i*a#e ! !e preg#ea!" pen#ru a!u+area o0%iga&ii%or *e !#a#e +e+0re *up

+o+en#u% a*errii. Nego"ieri%e !e 0a7ea7 pe +eri#e%e proprii a%e ie"rei &ri1

;ragan Ga0rie%a Uniunea Europeana. Etape, institutii, mecanisme. E*i#ura ASE Fu"ure!#i $913 p.5239


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"an*i*a#e )i !e *e!)oar /n +o* in*ii*ua%? gra*u% *e preg#ire pen#ru a*erare

poa#e aria *e %a o &ar "an*i*a# %a a%#a.

;eru%area nego"ieri%or *e a*erare are %o" /n#r>un "a*ru *e nego"iere !#a0i%i#

*e Con!i%iu %a propunerea Co+i!iei. A"e!#a oer o per!pe"#i a nego"ieri%or

"are #re0uie *eru%a#e )i &ine !ea+a *e !i#ua&ia )i "ara"#eri!#i"i%e ie"rei &ri"an*i*a#e. Ca*ru% *e nego"iere !e reer %a:

prin"ipii%e )i pro"e*uri%e nego"ierii?

pun"#e%e !u!"ep#i0i%e *e a i nego"ia#e "u+ ar i a!pe"#e%e inan"iare

*erogri%e #e+porare !au +!uri%e *e !a%gar*are /n *o+enii !pe"ii"e a%e

a"ui!>u%ui *e ee+p%u %i0era "ir"u%a&ie a per!oane%or po%i#i"i%e !#ru"#ura%e

!au agri"u%#uraB?

reor+e%e po%i#i"e )i e"ono+i"e?

re7u%#a#u% nego"ieri%or "are r+ne *e!"@i!?

o0ie"#iu% nego"ieri%or "are e!#e a*erarea.

Nego"ieri%e prie!" a*op#area a"ui!>u%ui "o+uni#ar. A"e!#ea *e0u#ea7 "u

o a7 preg#i#oare !au ea+inarea ana%i#i" a a"ui!>u%ui =!"reening-B

ee"#ua# *e Co+i!ie. S"opu% !"reeningu%ui e!#e *e a ea%ua gra*u% *e preg#ire a

&rii "an*i*a#e a+i%iari7area a"e!#eia "u a"ui!>u% )i i*en#ii"area "api#o%e%or

"are ur+ea7 ! ie *e!"@i!e pe 0a7a "ri#erii%or *e reerin& =0en"@+arO!-B.

A"e!#e "ri#erii *e reerin& !e reer %a e#ape%e preg#i#oare e!en&ia%e pen#ru

ii#oarea a%iniere )i re!pe"#area o0%iga&ii%or "on#ra"#ua%e /n #e+eiu% a"or*uri%or

*e a!o"iere "onee a"ui!>u%ui. Con!i%iu% *e"i*e /n unani+i#a#e een#ua%e%e

"ri#erii *e reerin& !au *e!"@i*erea unui "api#o% *e nego"iere pe 0a7a

re"o+an*ri%or Co+i!iei.

Nego"ieri%e au %o" /n "a*ru% "onerin&e%or in#erguerna+en#a%e 0i%a#era%e

"are reune!" !#a#e%e +e+0re a%e UE )i &ara "an*i*a#.

*a# "e !>au /n"@eia# nego"ieri%e pen#ru #oa#e "api#o%e%e pro"e!u% *e

a*erare a6unge %a ina%. A*erarea poa#e i %an!a# prin /n"@eierea unui a"or*

#ra#a#u% *e a*erare /n#re !#a#e%e +e+0re )i &ara "an*i*a#. Con!i%iu% *e"i*e /n

31


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unani+i#a#e /n"@eierea pro"e!u%ui *e a*erare /n ur+a ai7u%ui Co+i!iei )i a

ai7u%ui "onor+ a% Par%a+en#u%ui European. Tra#a#u% *e a*erare !e reer %a:

re7u%#a#u% nego"ieri%or *e a*erare "on*i&ii%e *e a*erare )i +!uri%e *e

!a%gar*are !au #ran7i#orii pen#ru *o+enii%e "are ne"e!i# o +ai +are

aproun*are?

a*ap#area in!#i#u&ii%or )i a #ra#a#e%or repar#i7area o#uri%or /n Con!i%iu )i /n

Par%a+en#u% European nu+ru% *epu#a&i%or europeni nu+ru% +e+0ri%or

Co+i#e#u%ui Regiuni%or e#".?

*a#a a*errii.

Tra#a#u% *e a*erare e!#e !upu! ra#ii"rii *e "#re #oa#e !#a#e%e +e+0re )i *e

"#re ii#oru% !#a# +e+0ru. Vara "an*i*a# *eine &ar a*eren# )i "on#inu

pro"e!u% *e a*erare prin a*ap#area *o+enii%or /n "are #re0uie /n" rea%i7a#e

progre!e !u0 !upraeg@erea a#en# a Co+i!iei.

Uniunea Europeana a #re"u# prin "in"i e#in*eri !u""e!ie *e %a "rearea !a

/n 1(5'. Co+pu! ini&ia% *in )a!e !#a#e +e+0re %a on*area !a a"ea!#a nu+r

/n pre7en# *ou7e"i )i op# *e !#a#e +e+0re.

E#in*eri%e *in $992 $99' !i $913 au o!# r pre"e*en# a## *a#ori#nu+ru%ui *e &ri "are au a*era# "# )i *a#ori# proo"ri%or repre7en#a#e *e

a*erarea a"e!#ora. Si#ua&ia po%i#i" )i e"ono+i" *in +a6ori#a#ea a"e!#or &ri

ne"e!i#a preg#iri +ai #e+eini"e. Qn p%u! UE /n!)i #re0uia ! !e preg#ea!"

pen#ru a %e pri+i. ;e a"eea pro"e!u% *e e#in*ere a o!# aproun*a#.1

C$aGia$a *epu! "ererea *e a*erare /n anu% $993 iar nego"ieri%e au *ura#

/n#re anii $995>$911. Pe *a#a *e ( *e"e+0rie $911 %i*erii Uniunii Europene )iCroa&ia au !e+na# #ra#a#u% *e a*erare. *a# ra#ii"a# Croa&ia a *eeni# a% $4>%ea

!#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene /n iu%ie $913.

Pe *a#a *e $$ ianuarie $911 /n Croa&ia a au# %o" un reeren*u+ prin "are

88'$ *in popu%a&ie )i>a epri+a# a"or*u% "u priire %a a*erarea Croa&iei %a

Uniunea European. Prin"ipa%e%e "api#o%e *ii"i%e a%e nego"ieri%or %a "are

Con!i%iu% European a a)#ep#a# re7u%#a#e "oning#oare *in par#ea Croa&iei au o!#

1@##p:DDeuropa.euD%egi!%a#ionK!u++arie!Den%arge+en#DongoingKen%arge+en#D%12538Kro.@#+$i*e+.

3$


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"e%e %ega#e *e 6u!#i&ie )i *rep#uri un*a+en#a%e pe *e o par#e )i po%i#i"a

"on"uren&ia% pe *e a%# par#e.

A%#e *o+enii "are au ne"e!i#a# eor#uri !up%i+en#are *in par#ea Cro&iei

pen#ru "ore"#a re!pe"#are )i i+p%e+en#are a a"ui!>u%ui "o+uni#ar au i7a#

*o+enii pre"u+: %i0era "ir"u%a&ie a "api#a%uri%or #ran!por#uri energie pro#e"&ia)i !n#a#ea "on!u+a#ori%or pe!"ui# energie agri"u%#ur i!"a%i#a#e

#e%e"o+uni"a&ii po%i#i"a *e +e*iu )i po%i#i"a regiona%.1

+.+. Ar"umente 9pro* &i 9contra* extin#erii )n

Europa entral &i #e Est

E#in*erea e!#e proie"#u% "e% +ai a+0i&io! /n#reprin! *e UE: e% repre7in#

*e ap# reunii"area "on#inen#u%ui european *ii7a# /n ur+a u%#i+u%ui r70oi

+on*ia%. Au ei!#a# /n #re"u# )i a%#e a%uri a%e e#in*erii /n#r>o Europ *ii7a#

*ar a"#ua%u% pro"e! *e e#in*ere a6u# %a /n*ep%inirea i!u%ui prin&i%or on*a#ori

ai UE: o Europ uni# )i %i0er.$

E#in*erea Uniunii Europene e!#e /+p%inirea unei i7iuni o i7iune "aree!#e +u%# prea u)or *a# ui#rii a#un"i "n* !e"uri#a#ea )i pro!peri#a#ea /n Europa

!un# "on!i*era#e a i "ea *e %a !ine /n&e%e!. A"ea!# i7iune !e "onun* "u

/n!u)i !"opu% ur+ri# *e UE )i *e e#in*erea !a: reunii"area popoare%or *in

Europa /n#r>un "a*ru "on!#i#u&iona% "are ! %e /n"ura6e7e ! +un"ea!" /+preun

/n "on*i&ii *e pa"e )i !#a0i%i#a#e.

Pen#ru popoare%e *in Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# Europa !i+0o%i7a a%ori%e%a "are "ei "are au #ri# +ai 0ine *e o genera&ie /n perioa*a Cor#inei *e


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rea"erii pro!peri#&ii e"ono+i"e "are %a rn*u% !u repre7in# un*a+en#u%

!#a0i%i#&ii pe #er+en %ung /n regiune.

;ar *ru+u% a"e!#or popoare "#re Europa nu a o!# u)or. Pro"e!u% *e

#ran!or+are a *e#er+ina# !"@i+0ri +a!ie /n /n#reaga Europ Cen#ra% )i *e

E!#: nu #oa# %u+ea a 0enei"ia# /n ega% +!ur *e noi%e opor#uni#&i apru#e iarune%e !#ru"#uri a!o"ia#e "u un !en#i+en# *e !e"uri#a#e au *i!pru#.

Co!#uri%e rea%e a%e e#in*erii nu po# i "uan#ii"a#e prin pri!+a 0uge#u%ui

UE: ee"#e%e "e%e +ai "on!i*era0i%e a%e a*ap#rii au o!# *e6a re!i+&i#e /n

ii#oare%e !#a#e +e+0re.

Pen#ru popoare%e *in a"#ua%a Uniune European !#a0i%i#a#ea )i *e+o"ra&ia

*in Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# au *u! *e6a %a o0&inerea unor 0enei"ii!e+nii"a#ie nu nu+ai pe p%anu% !e"uri#&ii "i )i a% pro!peri#&ii: *e7o%#area

rapi* a "o+er&u%ui a "on#ri0ui# %a "rearea *e opor#uni#&i pen#ru %i0era ini&ia#i

ine!#i&ii noi %o"uri *e +un" )i o "re)#ere e"ono+i" +ar"a# /n Europa

""i*en#a%. A"e!#e 0enei"ii or i "on!o%i*a#e )i !pori#e a## pen#ru +e+0rii

+ai e"@i "# )i pen#ru "ei noi o*a# "u rea%i7area e#in*erii /n $992 "u

"on*i&ia "a UE ! r!pun* proo"rii "u "are !e "onrun# /n pre7en#.E#in*erea *in $992D$99'D$913 !a *oe*i# una r pre"e*en# /n "a*ru%

Uniunii Europene. ;ii"u%#&i%e %ega#e *e a"e!# pro"e! au i7a# nu+eroa!e

a!pe"#e pre"u+:1

nu+ru% +are *e &ri "an*i*a#e "u "are Uniunea European a pur#a#

nego"ieri /n#r>un in#era% *e #i+p re%a#i !"ur# )i +oni#ori7area "on!#an# a

a"e!#ora /n e*erea /n*ep%inirii "ri#erii%or *e a*erare?

nie%u% *e *e7o%#are e"ono+i" i7i0i% +ai !"7u# *e"# a% e"@i%or !#a#e

+e+0re )i a!i!#en&a inan"iar ne"e!ar &ri%or "an*i*a#e pen#ru o +ai rapi*

a*ap#are %a !#a#u#u% *e &ar +e+0r par#i"ipan# %a pia&a uni" a Uniunii

Europene?

ne"e!i#a#ea regn*irii ar@i#e"#urii in!#i#u&iona%e a Uniunii a!#e% /n"# #oa#e

ii#oare%e noi !#a#e +e+0re ! ai0 un nu+r "ore!pun7a#or *e o#uri )i o

repre7en#a#ii#a#e "are ! aori7e7e pro"e!u% *e %uare a *e"i7ii%or.

1;ragan Ga0rie%a Uniunea Europeana. Etape, institutii, mecanisme. E*i#ura ASE Fu"ure!#i $913 p.14832


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Qn p%u! unii %i*eri *e opinie *in &ri%e e!#>europene au *i!"u#a# pe

+arginea aan#a6e%or )i "o!#uri%or %rgirii Uniunii prin"ipa%e%e pro0%e+e

*e70#u#e priin*:1

+igra&ia +a!i "are ar peri"%i#a %o"uri%e *e +un" /n ""i*en# /n "on*i&ii%e

/n "are )o+a6u% e!#e ri*i"a# )i a"u+ poa#e i a""en#ua# *e /n"e#inirea a"#ii#&iie"ono+i"e?

"on"uren&a *in par#ea unor &ri "u un "api#o% u+an *e%o" *e neg%i6a# )i "u

"o!#uri a%e or&ei *e +un" +u%# +ai !"7u#e?

=uga- unor /n#reprin*eri /n Europa Cen#ra% )i *e R!ri# "eea "e ar "re)#e

)o+a6u% *e e!#?

"on"uren&a /n *o+eniu% agri"u%#urii /n "on*i&ii%e /n "are er+ierii repre7in#un %o00J pu#erni" /n &ri%e o""i*en#a%e?

pro0%e+e%e *a#ora#e *e nu+ru% +ai +are *e !#a#e i+p%i"i# *e *ier!i#a#ea #o#

+ai +are a"e!# %u"ru /ngreunea7 %uarea unei *e"i7ii !au a6ungerea %a un

"on!en! priin* !e"uri#a#ea %i0er#a#ea )i 6u!#i&ia? *in a"e!# pun"# *e e*ere

!#a#e%e noi in#egra#e /n Cen#ru )i E!#u% Europei nu po# garan#a /n" un pro"e!

6uri*i" in*epen*en# "o+pe#en# )i *e /n"re*ere? noi%e !#a#e +e+0re au /n "o+ponen&a popu%a&ie +inori#&i na&iona%e !au

%ingi!#i"e u%#i+ii ani *e+on!#rn* " pro"e!u% *e in#egrare a% a"e!#or

+inori#&i e!#e unu% aneoio!?

nu /n "e%e *in ur+ poara pen#ru 0uge#u% e*era% a% pri+irii /n Uniunea

European a unor !#a#e re%a#i !ra"e "are ar *eeni "on!u+a#oare *e

a6u#oare.

Prin *e"i7ia *e a*erare a &ri%or *in E!#u% Europei %a Uniunea European

"ara"#eru% geopo%i#i" a pri+a# /n a&a "e%ui e"ono+i". ;a" *in pun"# *e e*ere

po%i#i" *e"i7ia e!#e 0ineeni# )i /n in#ere!u% ii#oru%ui Uniunii "a pu#ere

+on*ia% *in pun"# *e e*ere e"ono+i" nu pu#e+ air+a a"e%a)i %u"ru. Ei!#

*e6a un *e"a%a6 "on!i*era0i% /n#re !#a#e%e o!#e "o+uni!#e )i &ri%e +e+0re )i

"@iar )i /n#re !#a#e%e +e+0re.

1e0er Rena#e Un concept romanesc privin# viitorul Uniunii Europene,E*i#ura Po%iro+ Ia!i $991 p.3(835


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A%# argu+en# /n aoarea e#in*erii poa#e i ap#u% " /n *o+eniu%

"er"e#rii ni"io &ar european ori"# *e *e7o%#a# ar i nu poa#e re7i!#a

"on"uren&ei *e pe!#e o"ean *e"# *a" )i>ar rea%i7a proie"#e%e /n "o%a0orare "u

a%#e !#a#e +e+0re. Nie%u% "@e%#uie%i%or pen#ru "er"e#are nu e!#e +ai +i" *ar

a%o"ri%e !e a" *i!per!a#. A"e!# %u"ru nu poa#e *e"# ! *u" %a a""en#uarea*e"a%a6u%ui *in#re Europa )i "e%e%a%#e 7one. ;oar o Europ !uprana&iona% poa#e

a"e a& eo%u&iei #e@no%ogi"e "are are %o" %a ora a"#ua% /n %u+e "u i#e7e oar#e

+ari. Vri%e o!#e !o"ia%i!#e po# i o%o!i#e )i e%e /n a"e!# !en! *eoare"e au pe *e

o par#e or&a *e +un" "a%ii"a# )i ie#in iar pe *e a%# par#e a"e!# *e+er! ar

a!igura noi %o"uri *e +un".

Un a%# argu+en# pro e#in*ere a Uniunii Europene e!#e a"e%a " S#a#e%eUni#e a%e A+eri"ii 6oa" un ro% *in "e /n "e +ai i+por#an# /n %u+e. ;e a"eea

!un# ra&iuni pu#erni"e pen#ru "a Europa ! *ein o a*eara# pu#ere +on*ia%

*oar a)a ea a pu#ea a"e a& pro"e!u%ui *e g%o0a%i7are )i a in%uen&a /n +o*

rea% ia&a e"ono+i" in#erna&iona%.

Cu+u%a#i /n! i+pa"#u% e"ono+i" )i po%i#i" a% u%#i+u%ui a% *e e#in*ere

e!#e !e+nii"a#i Uniunea European *eenin* "ea +ai i+por#an# pu#eree"ono+i" /n #er+eni *e pro*u! in#ern 0ru# "a ur+are a %rgirii !pre E!#.

+.8. osturi &i beneficii ale inte"rrii pentru 'rile #in aceast

re"iune

Pen#ru popoare%e *in Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# Europa !i+0o%i7a a%ori%e%a "are "ei "are au #ri# +ai 0ine *e o genera&ie /n perioa*a Cor#inei *e


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;ar *ru+u% a"e!#or popoare "#re Europa nu a o!# u)or. Pro"e!u% *e

#ran!or+are a *e#er+ina# !"@i+0ri +a!ie /n /n#reaga Europ Cen#ra% )i *e

E!#: nu #oa# %u+ea a 0enei"ia# /n ega% +!ur *e noi%e opor#uni#&i apru#e iar

une%e !#ru"#uri a!o"ia#e "u un !en#i+en# *e !e"uri#a#e au *i!pru#.

Co!#uri%e rea%e a%e e#in*erii nu po# i "uan#ii"a#e prin pri!+a 0uge#u%uiUE: ee"#e%e "e%e +ai "on!i*era0i%e a%e a*ap#rii au o!# *e6a re!i+&i#e /n

ii#oare%e !#a#e +e+0re.

Pen#ru popoare%e *in a"#ua%a Uniune European !#a0i%i#a#ea )i *e+o"ra&ia

*in Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# au *u! *e6a %a o0&inerea unor 0enei"ii

!e+nii"a#ie nu nu+ai pe p%anu% !e"uri#&ii "i )i a% pro!peri#&ii: *e7o%#area

rapi* a "o+er&u%ui a "on#ri0ui# %a "rearea *e opor#uni#&i pen#ru %i0era ini&ia#iine!#i&ii noi %o"uri *e +un" )i o "re)#ere e"ono+i" +ar"a# /n Europa

""i*en#a%.

A"e!#e 0enei"ii or i "on!o%i*a#e )i !pori#e a## pen#ru +e+0rii +ai

e"@i "# )i pen#ru "ei noi o*a# "u rea%i7area e#in*erii /n $992 "u "on*i&ia "a

UE ! r!pun* proo"rii "u "are !e "onrun# /n pre7en#.

Fenei"ii%e )i opor#uni#&i%e oeri#e *e e#in*ere *ep)e!" "u +u%#po#en&ia%e%e o0!#a"o%e "o!#uri )i ri!"uri i+p%i"a#e *e a"e!# pro"e!. E#in*erea

e!#e a"#u% *e po%i#i" e#ern *e "e% +ai +are !u""e! pe "are %>a /n#reprin! UE.

/n#r7iere a a"e!#ui pro"e! !au a0an*onarea !a "a ur+are a nera#ii"rii !a%e *e

"#re ori"are *in +e+0rii UE ar "on!#i#ui un e)e" po%i#i" +a6or pen#ru Europa.

Qn p%u! a"e!# ap# ar pre!upune "o!#uri "on!i*era0i%e a## pen#ru UE "# )i

pen#ru &ri%e "an*i*a#e.

Un pro"e! *e e#in*ere ge!#iona# ne"ore!pun7#or ar i /n! aproape %a e%

*e nea!#. ;a" UE nu "on#inu reor+e%e )i a6u!#ri%e pe "are %e i+pune a"u+

e#in*erea ea a ra#a poa#e pen#ru#o#*eauna )an!a *e a a"e Europa +ai

pu#erni" )i +ai !igur /n in#ere!u% "e#&eni%or ei a% e"ini%or !i )i a% %u+ii.

Prin"ipa%u% 0enei"iu pe "are /% pre7in# e#in*erea Uniunii Europene e!#e

)an!a *e a rea%i7a pa"ea )i !#a0i%i#a#ea %a !"ar european:1

1@##p:DDe".europa.euDen%arge+en#Dar"@ie!Dp*Den%arge+en#Kpro"e!!Dpa!#Ken%arge+en#!D"o++uni"a#ionK!#ra#egJDOoOKin#ro*u"#ionKro.p*

3'


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E#in*erea Uniunii Europene reunii" progre!i "on#inen#u% no!#ru *ii7a#

/n ur+a u%#i+u%ui r70oi +on*ia%. Qn e%u% a"e!#a 7ona *e pa"e !#a0i%i#a#e )i

pro!peri#a#e *e "are e!#>europenii !>au 0u"ura# #i+p *e +ai +u%#e genera&ii

!e e#in*e )i /n Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!#. S"opu% i!#ori" a% Co+uni#&ii

Europene *eeni# /n pre7en# Uniunea European era ! ei#e un "on%i"#

!au "@iar un r70oi prin in#egrarea e"ono+i" )i po%i#i" a +e+0ri%or !i.

E#in*erea a"e!#eia pen#ru a "uprin*e )i re!#u% Europei e!#e un 0enei"iu *e o

ine!#i+a0i% a%oare.

Qn *e"eniu% an#erior per!pe"#ia *e a *eeni +e+0ru a% UE a a6u#a# &ri%e *in

Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# ! /)i "on!o%i*e7e pro"e!u% *e re/n#oar"ere %a o

*e+o"ra&ie p%ura%i!# )i o e"ono+ie *e pia&. Eor#uri%e a"e!#or &ri pe "a%eareor+ei )i a #ran7i&iei au o!# !pri6ini#e *e UE. S#a0i%i#a#ea "are a o!# a!#e%

rea%i7a# )i "re)#erea pro!peri#&ii !un# nu nu+ai /n 0enei"iu% a"e!#or &ri *ar

)i a% a"#ua%e%or !#a#e +e+0re UE.

*a# "u !r)i#u% R70oiu%ui Re"e !>a pu! "ap# )i *ii7rii ar#ii"ia%e a

Europei *ar per!pe"#ia unor po#en&ia%e "on%i"#e /n#re grupuri%e )i

+inori#&i%e e#ni"e )i na&iona%e )i>a "u# apari&ia /n Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!#.Per!pe"#ia a*errii %a UE a e%i+ina# +u%#e *in a"e!# #ip *e pro0%e+e.

Pro"e!u% e#in*erii a *a# oeri# *e6a o !erie *e 0enei"ii e"ono+i"e )i poa#e

! %e oere /n "on#inuare. Prin#re a"e!#ea !e nu+r:

- mai mare prosperitate pentru vechile &i noile state membre, ca o

consecin' a lr"irii pie'ei. Cre)#erea rapi* a re%a&ii%or "o+er"ia%e )i *e

ine!#i&ii /n u%#i+ii ani /n#re UE )i ii#oare%e !#a#e +e+0re a *e#er+ina#")#iguri e"ono+i"e !u0!#an&ia%e. A*erarea o *a# "u a0o%irea "on#roa%e%or %a

ron#ier pen#ru +ruri a /n!e+na pre7en&a ne/ngr*i# pe pia& a noi%or

!#a#e +e+0re. Se pre"oni7ea7 *e a!e+enea o !erie *e 0enei"ii )i "a ur+are

a %i0era%i7rii !eri"ii%or "api#a%u%ui )i or&ei *e +un". A"e!#e 0enei"ii !un#

*e a"eea)i na#ur "u "e%e "on!#a#a#e /n +o+en#u% in#ro*u"erii pie&ei uni"e

r ron#iere /n 1((3.

5erspective economice mai bune pentru actualele state membre


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"on*i&ii ega%e *e "on"uren& pe pia&a %rgi#?

a""e!u% %a o or& *e +un"0ine "a%ii"a#?

o "erere +ai +are "a re7u%#a# a% pro"e!u%ui *e "re)#ere /n noi%e !#a#e +e+0re.

:ansa noilor state membre #e a a(un"e la nivelul #e prosperitate #in Europa

-cci#ental.


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Europa Cen#ra% )i *e E!# a*op# !#an*ar*e "o+une +oni#ori7a#e *e a%&i +e+0ri

UE. Pro#e"&ia ron#iere%or a"e!#or !#a#e "u #er&e &ri !e /+0un#&e)#e.

Un control mai eficient al imi"rri

ii#orii +e+0ri "o%a0orea7 pen#ru a reg%e+en#a %uu% *e i+igran&i )i !o%i"i#an&i

*e a7i% *in a%#e &ri.

5rotec'ia me#iului )ncon(urtor

Pe +!ur "e ii#orii +e+0ri !e "onor+ea7 %egi!%a&iei "o+uni#are priin*

po%uarea aeru%ui )i a apei +e*iu% /n"on6ur#or *in a"e!#e !#a#e *eine #o# +ai

!igur pen#ru "e#&enii %or )i pen#ru "e#&enii *in &ri%e /ne"ina#e. Po%i#i"a UE /i

a a6u#a a!#e% ! /)i "on!ere 0oga#u% pa#ri+oniu *e !pe"ii )i @a0i#a#uri na#ura%e

Stan#ar#e superioare #e securitate nuclear

Uniunea European /)i e#in*e 0oga#a "u%#ur a !e"uri#&ii /n &ri%e Europei

Cen#ra%e )i *e E!# )i a*u"e in!#a%a&ii%e nu"%eare *in a"e!#e !#a#e %a !#an*ar*e

!uperioare *e !e"uri#a#e.

Stan#ar#e alimentare

S#an*ar*e%e UE pen#ru pro#e"&ia "on!u+a#oru%ui or i +en&inu#e: !#an*ar*e%e /n

a"#ua%e%e !#a#e +e+0re nu or i re%aa#e "a ur+are a pro"e!u%ui *e e#in*ere iar"e%e *in noi%e !#a#e +e+0re or a!igura o pro#e"&ie !pori#.

Europa e!#e !au ar #re0ui ! ie o a*era# uniune po%i#i". ;a" a"ea!# *orin&

po%i#i" e!#e /+pr#)i# *e po%i#i"ienii )i popoare%e Europei a#un"i ea a *eeni

rea%i#a#e.

N$n/e7tindeea

/n#re0are ipo#e#i" Se pune uneori /n#re0area , Care ar i "o!#u% nerea%i7rii e#in*eriiW- Po# i

"a%"u%a#e oare "on!e"in&e%e pe "are %e>ar aea nerea%i7area *e "#re UE a

pre"oni7a#ei !a%e e#in*eri #o# a)a "u+ au o!# "a%"u%a#e ,"o!#uri%e non>

Europei- /nain#e "a UE ! pun 0a7e%e pie&ei uni"eW Ce%e *ou !i#ua&ii *ier.

E#in*erea UE e!#e un pro"e! a%a# /n *e!)urare *e pe!#e un *e"eniu "are

a *a# *e6a re7u%#a#e: nu !e poa#e ,! *+ "ea!u% /napoi-. Qn p%u! ra&iuni%ee#in*erii nu !un# nu+ai e"ono+i"e "i )i po%i#i"e iin* greu *e "uan#ii"a#.

29


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Qn#re0area +eri# /n! un r!pun!. Ea ne o0%ig ! #re"e+ /n rei!#re7u%#a#e%e )i

per!pe"#ie%e pro"e!u%ui *e e#in*ere.

e s!a reali%at p;n )n pre%enteuropene au "uno!"u# o nou !#agnare /n a *oua 6u+#a#e

a anu%ui $91$ "n* Tur"ia a *e"i! ! =/ng@e&e- re%a&ii%e "u Con!i%iu% European )i

! nu par#i"ipe %a )e*in&e%e a"e!#uia pe perioa*a pre)e*in&iei "iprio#e 1 iu%ie>31

*e"e+0rie $91$B. A"ea!# a#i#u*ine a& *e o in!#i#u&ie un*a+en#a% a UniuniiEuropene a ri*i"a# +ari !e+ne *e /n#re0are "u priire %a "apa"i#a#ea Tur"iei *e a

!e "onor+a "erin&e%or "o+uni#are.

Al6ania1a o!# un po#en&ia% "an*i*a# %a a*erarea /n Uniunea European

/n"epn* "u ianuarie $993 )i a ap%i"a# /n +o* oi"ia% pen#ru a*erarea %a Uniunea

European %a *a#a *e $4 apri%ie $99(. Qn o"#o+0rie $91$ Co+i!ia European a

re"o+an*a# /n! "a /nain#e *e /n"eperea nego"ieri%or )i *e"%ararea A%0aniei "a!#a# "an*i*a# oi"ia% a"ea!#a ! *oe*ea!" progre!e !u0!#an&ia%e /n *o+enii>

"@eie pre"u+ reor+a !i!#e+u%ui a*+ini!#ra#i )i 6u*i"iar )i rei7uirea

pro"e*uri%or par%a+en#are.

B$


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" o par#e *in#re !#a#e%e +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene nu i>au re"uno!"u#

in*epen*e&a. Qn p%u! Yo!oo #re0uie ! r!pun! unor proo"ri i+por#an#e /n

"eea "e prie)#e reor+a a*+ini!#ra&iei pu0%i"e )i a !i!#e+u%ui 6u*i"iar iin*

ne"e!are eor#uri !up%i+en#are pen#ru a "o+0a#e "orup&ia "ri+a organi7a# )i

!p%area 0ani%or. )i a!u+e /n /n#regi+e ro%u% *e +e+0ri ai

Uniunii iar Uniunea %a rn*u% ei pe %ng *ia%og )i !upraeg@ere #re0uie !

!pri6ine a"#i eor#uri%e *e re*re!are e"ono+i" !#a0i%i7are +a"roe"ono+i" )i"on!o%i*are i!"a% a%e &ri%or i+p%i"a#e /n pro"e!u% *e a*erare.

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CAPITO'U' III

ROMANIA . MEMBRA A UNIUNII EUROPENE

8.1. Evolutia relatiilor 4omaniei cu Uniunea Europeana

Co%ap!u% regi+uri%or "o+uni!#e *in Europa Cen#ra%a !i *e E!# !i op#iunea

er+a a a"e!#or !#a#e *e a *op#a +o*e%u% e"ono+iei %i0ere au repre7en#a# *oua

eeni+en#e ara pre"e*en# in i!#oria +o*ia%a.

In"a *in 1((9 Ro+ania "a *e a%#e% !i "e%e%a%#e #ari *in Europa Cen#ra%a !i

*e E!# a a7u# in Uniunea Europeana un pun"# *e !pri6in !i o !an!a pen#ru

re%an!area e"ono+i"a.1

1e0er Rena#e Un concept romanesc privin# viitorul Uniunii Europene, E*i#ura Po%iro+ Fu"ure!#i $991p.3''

2'


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;upa "in"i7e"i *e ani *e i7o%are Ro+ania a "on!i*era# "a a eni# #i+pu% !a

re*eina o #ara europeana, !a a*op#espiritul european punerea in pra"#i"a a

a"e!#or *e7i*era#e iin* po!i0i%a nu+ai prin a*erarea %a Uniunea Europeana.

In#re0area "are !>a ri*i"a# %a a"e% +o+en# !i pare a a!#ep#a !i in pre7en# un

ra!pun! a o!#: cat #e pre"atite sunt 4omania si Uniunea Europeana sa faca fata

exi"entelor unui proces #e extin#ereun #i+p "a# +ai

!"ur# "on!#i#uie o priori#a#e a0!o%u#a a po%i#i"ii ro+ane!#i. Mai +u%# in u%#i+ii

"in"i>!a!e ani aproape ara e"ep#ie progra+e%e *e guernare !>au 0a7a# pe

in*ep%inirea "ri#erii%or *e a*erare %a Uniunea Europeana. Ro+ania !>a "onrun#a#

"u o !i#ua#ie *e o i+por#an#a +a6ora pen#ru ii#oru% !au: in un"#ie *e re7u%#a#e%e"on"re#e a%e nego"ieri%or *e a*erare *e+ara#e %a 1 ianuarie $999 =ru#e%e- pe

"are !>a in!"ri! Ro+ania in "ur!a pen#ru ei"ien#a "o+pe#i#ii#a#e *e7o%#are !i

!#a0i%i#a#e au o!# a%#e%e. Un ap# e!#e re+ar"a0i%: *e+ararea nego"ieri%or *e

a*erare a =reinia#- !peran#a a in#ari# "re*in#a ro+ani%or "a or pu#ea *eeni

"e#a#eni ="u *rep#uri *ep%ine- ai Europei.

A!pira#ia Ro+aniei *e a !e in#egra in Uniunea Europeana e!#e epre!iairea!"a a i*en#i#a#ii *e i*ea%uri a%ori !i prin"ipii a o"a#iei !a%e *e #ara

*e+o"ra#a proun* an"ora#a prin #ra*i#ii "u%#ura !i "ii%i7a#ie in !pa#iu% uni"

european.$

Pen#ru Ro+ania "a !i pen#ru "e%e%a%#e !#a#e "an*i*a#e e!#>europene

par#i"iparea %a Uniunea Europeana "uprin*e "a prin"ipa%e "o!#uri eor#uri%e

inan"iare "are #re0uie *epu!e a#a# in perioa*a *inain#ea a*erarii propriu>7i!e

"a# !i in "a*ru% perioa*ei *e #ran7i#ie *upe "e au *o0an*i# "a%i#a#ea *e +e+0ru

pen#ru a !e "onor+a o0%iga#ii%or !i "erin#e%or *ieri#e%or po%i#i"i !e"#oria%e

"o+uni#are.

;in pun"# *e e*ere a% Ro+aniei a#a# %a nie% oi"ia% "a# !i "a epre!ie a

oin#ei popu%are nu ei!#a a%#erna#ia ia0i%a %a orien#area po%i#i"a in!pre1i*e+.

$e0er Rena#e Un concept romanesc privin# viitorul Uniunii Europene, E*i#ura Po%iro+ Fu"ure!#i $991p.3''.

24


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Uniunea Europeana. Pana !i in +e*iu% po%i#i" "ara"#eri7a# *e "onu%!ii%e

!pe"ii"e #ran7i#iei ro+ane!#i a o!# a#in! un "on!en! "u priire %a a*erarea

Ro+aniei %a !#ru"#uri%e Uniunii Europene.

Ca%i#a#ea *e +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene a aea un i+pa"# +a6or a!upra

#u#uror a!pe"#e%or ie#ii e"ono+i"a po%i#i"e !i !o"ia%e. I+p%i"a#ii%e e"ono+i"eor i pre"u+pani#oare? !e or inregi!#ra in!a +u#a#ii ra*i"a%e !i in *o+enii%e

po%i#i" *e !e"uri#a#e !o"ia% !i "u%#ura%.

Ro+nia a /n"epu# *ru+u% !u "#re Uniunea European %a 1 e0ruarie

1((3 *a# %a "are a o!# !e+na# A"or*u% *e A!o"iere a Ro+niei %a Uniunea

European *o"u+en# in#ra# /n igoare *oi ani +ai #r7iu. Ro+nia *epunea

oi"ia% "ererea *e a*erare %a Uniune /n iunie 1((5 iar /n *e"e+0rie 1(((Con!i%iu% European *e"i*ea *e!"@i*erea nego"ieri%or *e a*erare "u Ro+nia

a%#uri *e a%#e )a!e !#a#e. i"ia% nego"ieri%e au o!# *e!"@i!e %a 15 e0ruarie

$999.$

Nego"ieri%e *e a*erare au o!# /n"@eia#e %a nie% #e@ni" /n "a*ru%

Conerin&ei *e A*erare %a nie% +ini!#eria% *in 12 *e"e+0rie $992 *e"i7ie

"onir+a# *e Con!i%iu% European *e %a Frue%%e! *in 18>1' *e"e+0rie *ina"e%a)i an.

Qn a"e%a)i #i+p Con!i%iu% a reair+a# )i "a%en*aru% *e a*erare: apri%ie $995

> !e+narea Tra#a#u%ui *e A*erare? 1 ianuarie $99' > a*erarea ee"#i. Qn

perioa*a 1((4>$998 Co+i!ia European a pre7en#a# anua% *o"u+en#e *e

ea%uare priin* par"ur!u% european a% Ro+niei a"e!#e *o"u+en#e iin* *e

*ou #ipuri: rapoar#e priin* !#a*iu% preg#iri%or /n e*erea a*errii )i re!pe"#i

*up !e+narea Tra#a#u%ui *e A*erare rapoar#e "o+pre@en!ie *e +oni#ori7are /n

"are era pre7en#a# !#a*iu% /n*ep%inirii anga6a+en#e%or a!u+a#e *e Ro+nia /n

nego"ieri%e *e a*erare.

La $5 apri%ie $995 %a Lue+0urg a o!# !e+na# Tra#a#u% *e A*erare a

Ro+niei )i Fu%gariei %a Uniunea Europeana *e "#re Ro+nia )i Fu%garia )i *e

"#re repre7en#an&ii !#a#e%or +e+0re a%e Uniunii.

$

@##p:DD.+ae.roDno*eD15292(


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U%#erior !e+nrii Tra#a#u% a o!# !upu! pro"e!u%ui *e ra#ii"are /n #oa#e

!#a#e%e +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene.

;up ina%i7area pro"e!u%ui *e ra#ii"are /n #oa#e !#a#e%e +e+0re /n

noie+0rie $998 Ro+nia a *eeni# !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene %a 1

ianuarie $99'.Ta0e%u% nr. 2.

S"ur# i!#ori" a% re%a&ii%or *in#re Ro+nia )i Uniunea European

1((3 >1 e0ruarie> Se+narea A"or*u%ui *e A!o"iere a Ro+aniei%a Uniunea Europeana

1((5 >1 e0ruarie> in#ra in igoare A"or*u% European>iunie> Ro+ania *epune "ererea *e a*erare %a UniuneaEuropena

1((' >iu%ie> Co+i!ia Europeana a*op#a Agen*a $999 "are

in"%u*e pinia a!upra "ererii *e a*erare a Ro+aniei %aUniunea Europeana1((4 >noie+0rie> Co+i!ia Europeana pu0%i"a pri+u% Rapor# *e

Tara priin* pro"e!u% *e a*erare a Ro+aniei %a UniuneaEuropeana

1((( >iunie> Ro+ania a*op#a P%anu% Na#iona% *e A*erare %aUniunea Europeana>*e"e+0rie> La e%!inOi Con!i%iu% European *e"i*ein"eperea nego"ieri%or "u !a!e #ari "an*i*a#e prin#re "are !iRo+ania

$999 >e0ruarie> in "a*ru% reuniunii Con!i%iu%ui Uninii Europenepen#ru Aa"eri Genera%e *e*i"a#a %an!arii Conerin#ei

In#erguerna+en#a%e are %o" *e!"@i*erea oi"ia%a anego"ieri%or *e a*erare a Ro+aniei$99$ >*e"e+0rie> Con!i%iu% European *e %a Copen@aga a

epri+a# !ri6inu% pen#ru o0ie"#iu% a*erarii Ro+aniei %aUniunea Europeana in $99'.

$993 >$8 +ar#ie> Co+i!ia Europeana pre7in#a e*i#ia rei7ui#a aPar#eneria#u%ui *e A*erare "u Ro+ania.

$992 >1' *e"e+0rie> La Con!i%iu% European *e %a Frue%%e!Ro+ania pri+e!#e "onir+area po%i#i"a a in"@eieriinego"ieri%or *e a*erare %a Uniunea Europeana.

$995 >13 apri%ie> Ro+ania a pri+i# ai7u% "onor+ a%Par%a+en#u%ui European pen#ru !e+narea Tra#a#u%ui *eA*erare.>$8 apri%ie> Se+narea Tra#a#u%ui *e A*erare a Ro+aniei !iFu%gariei %a Uniunea Europeana.18>1' iunie> Pri+u% Con!i%iu European %a "are Ro+ania a

par#i"ipa# in noua !a "a%i#a#e *e o0!era#or.$99' >1 ianuarie> Ro+nia *eine S#a# Me+0ru a% Uniunii

Europene.$911 >+ar#ie> *a#a &in# pen#ru a*erarea Ro+niei %a !pa&iu%

S"@engen.$913 Ro+ania a in"@eia# anu% $913 "u "ea +ai +are "re!#ere

e"ono+i"a pro"en#ua%a *in Uniunea Europeana.$912 Ro+ania in#ra in e#apa a*op#arii +one*ei euro.Sur!a: @##p:DDe".europa.euDro+aniaDeuKro+aniaDin*eKro.@#+

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La 1 ianuarie $99' Ro+nia a *eeni# !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene.

Ca%i#a#ea *e !#a# +e+0ru i+p%i" a## *rep#uri "# )i o0%iga&ii. Toa#e a"e!#ea

*eri *in #ra#a#e%e )i %egi!%a&ia a*op#a#e *e Uniunea European *e %a /niin&are

pn /n pre7en# a!e+enea ori"rui a%# !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene.

8.+. A#erarea 4omaniei la Uniunea Europeana

A*erarea Ro+niei %a Uniunea European a au# %o" %a 1 ianuarie $99'.

A"ea!# *a# a o!# propu! %a !u++i#u% *e %a Sa%oni" *in $993 !i "onir+a# %a

Frue%%e! pe 14 iunie $992. Rapor#u% *e #ar priin* progre!e%e Ro+niei *in

o"#o+0rie $992 a air+a# *e a!e+enea *a#a *e 1 ianuarie $99' "a *a# *e

a*erare pen#ru Ro+nia !i Fu%garia. Ce%e *ou #ri au !e+na# Tra#a#u% *e a*erare

pe $5 apri%ie $995 %a A0a#ia Neu+[n!#er *in Lue+0urg.

u%ui "o+uni#ar la eta4a eu$4eni5aii .prin "on!o%i*area

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!i!#e+u%ui !o"io> e"ono+i" repre7in#a cea mai mare provocare a perioa#ei

+>>?!+>>@. A"e!# pro"e! repre7in#a *e ap# a #oua mare mo#erni%are a

4omaniei.1

Prin a*erarea %a Uniunea European Ro+nia a *o0n*i# #oa#e *rep#uri%e

*e&inu#e *e !#a#e%e +e+0re a%e Uniunii. Qn "a%i#a#e *e !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene Ro+nia par#i"ip %a

rea%i7area po%i#i"i%or "o+uni#are are *rep# *e o# /n #oa#e reuniuni%e Con!i%iu%ui

Uniunii Europene a *e&ine pre)e*in&ia %a nie%u% Con!i%iu%ui an* a!#e% un

ro% a"#i /n #oa# a"#ii#a#ea Uniunii Europene.

To# /n 0a7a a"e!#ei "a%i#&i Ro+nia a aea repre7en#an&i /n in!#i#u&ii%e

"o+uni#are re!pe"#i /n Par%a+en#u% European Con!i%iu% *e Mini)#ri Co+i!iaEuropean CCE TPI Co+i#e#u% Regiuni%or Co+i#e#u% E"ono+i" )i So"ia%.

Repre7en#an&ii Ro+niei /n Par%a+en#u% European or i a%e)i *e "#re poporu%

ro+n %a *a#a *e $5.11.$99' %a o#u% organi7a# /n a"e!# !"op.

Ro+niei /i rein /n! )i o !erie *e o0%iga&ii /n ur+a a*errii %a Uniune.

Qn e*erea in#egrrii *ep%ine %a !#ru"#uri%e "o+uni#are Ro+nia #re0uie !

"on#inue /n ri#+ a""e%era# reor+e%e /n #oa#e *o+enii%e /n "a7 "on#rar ei!#n*ri!"u% a"#irii "%au7e%or *e !a%gar*are.

+are re!pon!a0i%i#a#e reine Ro+niei /n "eea "e prie)#e a!igurarea

!e"uri#&ii Uniunii an* /n e*ere " /n ur+a a*errii grani&a *e nor* )i *e e!#

a &rii noa!#re a *eeni# grani& a Uniunii Europene.

Qn a"e!# !en! pe %ng +!uri%e *e !e"uri7are a grani&e%or Ro+nia a %ua#

+!uri *e in#ro*u"ere a i7e%or pen#ru une%e !#a#e ne+e+0re a%e Uniunii

Europene.

Se i+pune o +ai rapi* a*ap#are %a %egi!%a&ia Uniunii "u priori#a#e %a

%egi!%a&ia priin* *rep#u% *e proprie#a#e %egi!%a&ie "are *e +u%#e ori nu a o!#

re!pe"#a# /n &ara noa!#r *up "u+ a "on!#a#a# Cur#ea European a ;rep#uri%or

+u%ui "u o"a7ia !o%u&ionrii unor p%ngeri "u "are a o!# !e!i7a#.

Prin a*erarea Ro+niei %a Uniunea European "e#&enii ro+ni au *eeni#

"e#&eni ai Uniunii Europene. A!#e% a"e)#ia 0enei"ia7 a## pe #eri#oriu%1 ;u . > ratatul #e a#erare la Uniunea European ! Exi"en'e )n procesul inte"rrii 4om;niei, E*.Unier!i#ar Fu"ure #i $919 p.'3>44

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!#a#e%or +e+0re a%e Uniunii "# )i pe #eri#oriu% !#a#e%or #er&e *e *rep#uri%e

"oneri#e *e #ra#a#e%e Uniunii Europene #u#uror "e#&eni%or europeni.

Un pri+ *rep# "oneri# "e#&eni%or ro+ni *up a*erare e!#e a"e%a *e %i0er

"ir"u%a&ie /n #oa#e !#a#e%e Uniunii Europene *o"u+en#u% *e i*en#i#a#e ne+aiiin*

/n +o* o0%iga#oriu pa)apor#u% iin* !ui"ien# "ar#ea *e i*en#i#a#e. Qn "a%i#a#e *e "e#&eni ai Uniunii Europene "e#&enii ro+ni a%a&i /n

!#rin#a#e 0enei"ia7 *e pro#e"&ie "on!u%ar *in par#ea #u#u#ror !#a#e%or +e+0re

a%e Uniunii Europene "a7 /n "are ori"e "e#&ean ro+n poa#e "ere pro#e"&ie

a+0a!a*ei !au "on!u%a#u%ui ori"rui !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene *e pe

#eri#oriu% unui !#a# ne+e+0ru a% Uniunii /n "a7u% /n "are Ro+nia nu are

a+0a!a* !au "on!u%a# /n a"e% !#a#. Ce#&enii ro+ni 0enei"ia7 *e *rep# *ere7i*en& pe #eri#oriu% !#a#e%or +e+0re a%e Uniunii Europene.

Ce#&eanu% Uniunii are o !erie *e *rep#uri pre"u+ *rep#u% %a o# /n a%egeri%e

+uni"ipa%e e% !e 0u"ur *e pro#e"&ie *in par#ea au#ori#&i%or are *rep#u% *e

pe#i&ie %a Par%a+en#u% European )i !e poa#e a*re!a Me*ia#oru%ui european "eea

"e e!#e +0u*!+an>u%.1

Ei!# /n! )i une%e re!#ri"&ii a%e *rep#uri%or "e#&eni%or Uniunii Europenea"e!#ora pu#n*u>%i!e re!#ri"&iona *rep#u% *e %i0er "ir"u%a&ie !au *e re7i*en& pe

#eri#oriu% unui a%# !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene /n! a"e!#e re!#ri"&ii po# i

%ua#e nu+ai pe +o#ie *e po%i#i" pu0%i" !e"uri#a#e pu0%i" !au !n#a#e

pu0%i". $

Nu po# i %ua#e re!#ri"&ii pen#ru +o#ie e"ono+i"e *e a!e+enea ni"i

ei!#en&a unor "on*a+nri pena%e an#erioare a unei per!oane nu *u" o0%iga#oriu

%a %uarea re!#ri"&iei a& *e per!oana /n "au7.

Un ee+p%u "on"re# *e re!#ri"&ie a *rep#u%ui *e re7i*en& a +ai +u%#or

per!oane a au# %o" re"en# /n I#a%ia prin#re per!oane%e /n "au7 nu+rn*u>!e )i

"e#&eni ro+ni.

1Muraru Ioan Tn!e!"u E%ena Si+ina et'enia european E*i#ura A%% Fe"O Fu"ure)#i $993 p.2

$@##p:DD.ua0.roDrei!#eKre"uno!"u#eDrei!#eK*rep#Danna%e!K19K$99'D%u"aKro.p*

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Re!#ri"&ia !>a *i!pu! pe +o#i *e !e"uri#a#e pu0%i" au#ori#&i%e i#a%iene

%un* a"ea!# +!ur ur+are a"u7rii unui "e#&ean ro+n *e +oar#ea unei

"on#e!e.

Ca7uri%e "e#&eni%or ro+ni au o!# apre"ia#e *e au#ori#&i%e i#a%iene "a

urgen#e a!#e% " a"e)#ia au o!# epu%7a&i r ! %i !e a"or*e po!i0i%i#a#ea !a#a"e *e"i7ii%e e+i!e *e !#a#u% i#a%ian )i r a %i !e a"or*e "e% pu&in o %un pen#ru

pr!irea I#a%iei.

To# /n ir#u#ea ap%i"rii %egi!%a&iei europene "e#&enii ro+ni "are au "o+i!

inra"&iuni pe #eri#oriu% unui !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene )i !>au /n#or! /n

Ro+nia pen#ru a !"pa *e pe*eap! !un# are!#a&i *e au#ori#&i%e ro+ne )i

#ri+i)i /n !#a#u% re!pe"#i pen#ru a i 6u*e"a&i /n 0a7a +an*a#u%ui european *eare!#are e+i! *e a"e% !#a#.

Qn e*erea ei#rii unor !i#ua&ii *e a"e!# e% "e#&enii ro+ni or #re0ui !

re!pe"#e "u !#ri"#e&e %egi!%a&ia european a## pe #eri#oriu% Ro+niei "# )i pe "e%

a% ori"rui a%# !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene "# )i %egi!%a&ia ori"rui !#a#

ne+e+0ru a% Uniunii "n* !e a% pe #eri#oriu% a"e!#uia.

S#a#u#u% Ro+niei /n Uniune ;up !e+narea Tra#a#u%ui *e a*erare %a $5 apri%ie$995 Ro+nia a *eeni# !#a# /n "ur! *e a*erare o0#inn* !#a#u#u% *e o0!era#or

a"#i %a nie%u% #u#uror in!#i#u#ii%or "o+uni#are iin* ne"e!ar a!igurarea

pre7en#ei repre7en#an#i%or ro+ni %a nie%u% in!#i#u#ii%or europene !i a% grupuri%or

*e %u"ru a%e a"e!#ora. S#a#u#u% *e o0!era#or a"#i a per+i! Ro+nei ! /!i

epri+e pun"#u% *e e*ere r *rep# *e o# /n pro"e!u% *e %uare a *e"i7ii%or %a

nie% "o+uni#ar pu#n* a!#e% in%uen#a a"e!#e *e"i7ii !i pro+on*u>!i

in#ere!e%e na#iona%e.

;up a*erare Ro+nia a #re"u# *e %a !#a#u#u% *e o0!era#or a"#i %a "e% *e

+e+0ru "u *rep#uri *ep%ine. Ro+nia a *eeni# a !ap#ea #ar *in UE *up

nu+ru% *e %o"ui#ori. Tara *e!e+nea7 35 *e *epu#a#i pen#ru Par%a+en#u%

European *ar nu+ru% a"e!#ora a !"*ea prin#r>o reorgani7are a %o"uri%or *in

Par%a+en# !#ipu%a# /n Tra#a#u% *e %a Ni!a. Li+0a ro+n a *eeni# una *in#re

%i+0 oi"ia%\%i+0i%e oi"ia%e a%e Uniunii a !ap#ea *up nu+ru% *e or0i#ori /n

"on"uren# !#rn! "u o%an*e7a ur+n* "a ori"are "e##ean a% UE ! !e poa#

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a*re!a in!#i#u#ii%or /n a"ea!# %i+0. ;enu+irea *e =Uniune European- /n

%i+0a ro+n a pri+i# !#a#u# oi"ia%.

Ee"#e%e a!upra ii#oru%ui Uniunii priin* a+p%a!area geopo%i#i" a

Ro+niei a in%uen#a po%i#i"a UE "u priire %a re%a#ii%e "u Europa *e E!#

rien#u% Mi6%o"iu Tur"ia !i A!ia. Prin Ini#ia#ia *e Cooperare /n Su*>E!#u%Europei SECIB Ro+nia are o opor#uni#a#e *e a>!i *e+on!#ra !upre+a#ia /n

regiune.

In#egrarea /n Uniunea European a in%uen#a# !i re%a#ii%e regiona%e a%e Ro+niei.

Qn "on!e"in# Ro+nia a i+pu! un regi+ *e i7e pen#ru "#ea !#a#e e!#>

europene pre"u+ Repu0%i"a Mo%*oa Ser0ia Mun#enegru Ru!ia U"raina

Fe%aru! !i Tur"ia.i"ia%ii "on!i*er " #ara a"e par#e a## *in Europa Cen#ra% "# !i *in Fa%"ani.

A"e!# %u"ru re%e"# a+0i#ii%e *ua%i!#e a%e guernu%ui ro+n "are *ore!#e

/+0un##irea in#egrrii euro>a#%an#i"e a #rii "on"o+i#en# "u "rearea unei 7one

*e !#a0i%i#a#e %a Marea Neagr.

8.8. Avanta(e si #e%avanta(e ale inte"rarii 4omanieila Uniunea Europeana

Po%i#i"a Ro+aniei *e in#egrare in Uniunea Europeana #ine !ea+a *e o i*ee

un*a+en#a%a po#rii# "areia a"ea!#a in#egrare e!#e o necesitate #urabila, "eea "e

in!ea+na o !u+a *e eigen#e e"ono+i"e !o"ia%e po%i#i"e "u%#ura%e pen#ru

in*ep%inirea "arora #re0uie !a a"#ione7e "on"er#a# in#reaga popu%a#ie.1

A*erarea Ro+aniei e!#e a!a*ar o optiune "enerala, "e !e ga!e!#e in re%a#ie

"u reor+a e"ono+i"a "u e*ii"area noii !o"ie#a#i *e+o"ra#i"e. Ea i+p%i"a

nu+eroa!e costuri #e%avanta(e/, generan* in!a !i beneficii avanta(e/,

e"ono+i"e !i !o"ia%e !u0!#an#ia%e pe #er+en %ung.

;in#re a,antaele ec$n$mic$/MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene.Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.83.$i*e+.

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"re!#erea e"ono+i"a?

"re!#erea ine!#i#ii%or !#raine *ire"#e?

pro#e"#ia !pori#a a "on!u+a#ori%or?

+i"!orarea i!"a%i#a#ii prin e#in*erea pie#e%or *e "api#a%?

*e7o%#area aa"eri%or !i a !e"#oru%ui pria#?

!#i+u%area "on"uren#ei?

a""e! pe pia#a +un"ii *in !#a#e%e Uniunii Europene !i i+0una#a#irea

!u0!#an#ia%a a !#an*ar*e%or *e ia#a a popu%a#iei.

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ri*i"area nie%u%ui *e *e7o%#are a e"ono+iei na#iona%e prin re*u"erea

*e"a%a6e%or a#a *e Uniunea Europeana?

in!#aurarea unei *ip%o+a#ii rea%+en#e ei"ien#e prin %i"@i*area ori"arei

#en*in#e *e !uperi"ia%i#a#e *e au#o+a#i!+ po%i#i" *e *i+en!iuni priin*

"ore%area in#ere!u%ui na#iona% "u "e% g%o0a%.

In *o+eniu% agicultuii; avanta(ele !un# +ai re*u!e in pri+ii ani *e %a

a*erare *ar pe #er+en %ung in#egrarea a *u"e %a "re!#erea pro*u"#ii#a#ii

agri"o%e %a !#i+u%area *e7o%#arii ep%oa#ari%or agri"o%e +i6%o"ii !i +ari %a

i+0una#a#irea a""e!u%ui pro*u!e%or agri"o%e pe pia#a Uniunii Europene !i

*i!pari#ia #u#uror 0ariere%or "o+er"ia%e pre"u+ !i %a in"e#inirea +igrarii or#ei

*e +un"a *in agri"u%#ura. 0n plan mai "eneral, "e#a#enia europeana a "oneri ro+ani%or *rep#u% *e a

"a%a#ori *e a +un"i !i *e a !e !#a0i%i in ori"e !#a# +e+0ru a% Uniunii Europene.

Un "e#a#ean a% unui !#a# +e+0ru poa#e o#a !i "@iar "an*i*a in !#a#u% *e re!e*in#a

in a%egeri%e %o"a%e !i pen#ru Par%a+en#u% European. In a"e%a!i #i+p #o#i "e#a#enii

europeni au *rep#u% %a pro#e"#ie "on!u%ara !i *ip%o+a#i"a a#un"i "an* i7i#ea7a

#ari *in aara Uniunii.Punerea in ap%i"are a a"ui!>u%ui "o+uni#ar an#renea7a "o!#uri oar#e +ari

in *o+eniu% +e*iu%ui agri"u%#urii #ran!por#uri%or po%i#i"ii regiona%e *e7o%#arii

e"ono+i"e !i ar+oni7arii %egi!%a#ie.

In %i#era#ura e"ono+i"a *e !pe"ia%i#a#e costurile inte"rarii !un# *enu+i#e !i

costuri pulice in#ru"a# !un# !upor#a#e *e %a 0uge#u% *e !#a# !i p%a#i#e pana %a

ur+a *e ie"are "on#ri0ua0i%.1

C$MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene.Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.85.

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$B "o!#uri %ega#e *e respectarea si implementarea stan#ar#elor europene,

in"%u7an* ai"i: !#an*ar*e%e *e +e*iu *e "a%i#a#e "o!#uri %ega#e *e

+o*erni7area inra!#ru"#urii *e #ran!por#?

3B "o!#uri genera#e *e asumarea statutului #e membru, *upa a*erarea Ro+aniei

"eea "e a repre7en#a "on#ri0u#ia #arii %e 0uge#u% "o+uni#ar? o "o#a>par#e *ina"e!#ea !un# !upor#a#e !i an#e>a*erare !u0 or+a "o>inan#arii o0%iga#orii %a

progra+e%e *e pre>a*erare PARE ISPA SAPAR;B?

2B "o!#uri %ega#e *e mo#erni%area insasi a economiei nationale, %ega#e in

prin"ipa% *e +o*erni7area "apa"i#a#i%or pro*u"#ie "re!#erea "o+pe#i#ii#a#ii

pro*u!e%or.

In aara a"e!#or "o!#uri pu0%i"e %ega#e *e in#egrare +ai !un# !i c$europene "are au a*era# %a 1 +ai $992 ara#a "a

pen#ru a pro*u"e %a nor+e%e europene une%e ir+e #re0uie !a !upor#e "o!#uri"are po# a6unge %a 599.999 euro.1

;e a!e+enea po# i ei*en#ia#e !i c$


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+i%iar*e *e euro pen#ru perioa*a $99'>$99( *in "are "on#ri0u#ia Uniunii

Europene ar i *e 4( +i%iar*e *e euro.

In!a !#u*ii%e *e i+pa"# au ara#a# "a a*erarea Ro+aniei %a Uniunea

Europeana in $99' e!#e cea mai avanta(oasa perspectiva, a#a# *in pun"# *e

e*ere inan"iar "a# !i *in pun"# *e e*ere a% *e7o%#arii e"ono+i"e a%+o*erni7arii #arii a% nie%u%ui *e #rai "o+para#i "u o a*erare +ai #ar7ie !au "u

un !"enariu i7o%a#ioni!#. Cu a%#e "uin#e *a"a !>ar ra#a a*erarea %a Uniunea

Europeana in $99' "o!#uri%e ar i +u%# +ai +ari.1

Co!#uri%e in#egrarii !un# *e ap# in "ea +ai +are par#e costurile

mo#erni%arii 4omaniei, "are ori"u+ #re0uie !upor#a#e "@iar in aara !pa#iu%ui

"o+uni#ar in ipo#e7a in "are nu !>ar a*era %a Uniunii Europeana. Tre0uie !a !eine!#ea!"a in au#o!#ra7i pen#ru a aea *ru+uri +ai 0une !i nu *oar pen#ru a

in#egra. Ine!#i#ii%e pen#ru re*u"erea po%uarii !au pen#ru i+0una#a#irea "a%i#a#ii

apei po#a0i%e !un# oare a"u#e *oar *e *ragu% Uniunii Europene !au pen#ru "a

#re0uie pen#ru a ne a!igura un ii#or pe #er+en %ungW Garan#area !iguran#ei

a%i+en#are a popu%a#iei "ere "on*i#ii igieni"e in a0ri"i%e *e %ap#e in a0a#oare !i

e!#e o ne"e!i#a#e o0ie"#ia nu *oar o "erin#a i+pu!a *e Uniunea Europeana. A!a*ar "an* !e pune pro0%e+a "o!#uri%or in#egrarii %a Uniunea Europeana

#re0uie !a %e "on!i*era+ "eea "e !un#: "o!#uri%e ne"e!are pen#ru i+0una#a#irea

nie%u%ui *e #rai a% popu%a#iei !i nu "ea e#erior i+pu! *in aara *e a%#"inea.

Ca#ea ee+p%e *e costuri ale inte"rarii !i +o*u% *e repar#i7are a

a"e!#ora: "o!#uri%e pen#ru pro#e"#ia +e*iu%ui au o!# ea%ua#e pen#ru ur+a#orii

$9 *e ani $992>$9$5B %a "ir"a $(5 +i%iar*e euro !upor#a#e a!#e%: 52 +i%iar*e

euro *e %a 0uge#u% *e !#a#? (3 +i%iar*e *in on*uri "o+uni#are? '4 +i%iar*e

euro *in ine!#i#ii a%e agen#i%or e"ono+i"i !i '9 +i%iar*e euro *in a%#e !ur!e

*e inan#are on*uri *e +e*iu proie"#e in#erna#iona%e i+pru+u#uri e#erne

!ur!e e#ra0uge#areB. In perioa*a $995>$9$5 Ro+ania a a%o"a anua "ir"a 1

1;aianu ;anie%4omania si Uniunea Europeana.0nflatie, balanta #e plati, crestere economica.E*i#ura Po%iro+Ia!i $99$ p.125.

5(


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*in PIF pen#ru +e*iu !i #ran!por# in #i+p "e "on#ri0u#ia Uniunii Europene a i

*e 1' *in PIF>u% Ro+aniei.1

Po#rii# unor !#a#i!#i"i oi"ia%e contributia 4omaniei la bu"etul comunitar

a i *e aproi+a#i +,? miliar#e euro in perioa*a $99'>$99( !i nu *e 58

+i%iar*e a!a "u+ !>a e@i"u%a# in +o* gre!i#.$ Co>inan#area a!igura#a *eRo+ania pen#ru in!#ru+en#e *e pre>a*erare nu poa#e i "on!i*era#a "on#ri0u#ie %a

0uge#u% "o+uni#ar> 0anii re!pe"#ii nu p%ea"a *in #ara "i !un# ine!#i#i in

proie"#e *e +o*erni7are a Ro+aniei pen#ru "rearea *e %o"uri *e +un"a

*ru+uri "ana%i7ari +o*erni7ari *e er+e in#reprin*eri.

Pe *e a%#a par#e 4omania va primi #e la bu"etul comunitar, in a"eea!i

perioa*a $99'>$99(B "ir"a 11 miliar#e euro, *in "are 8 +i%iar*e *e euro p%a#i#iin a"ea!#a perioa*a ur+an* "a re!#u% p%a#i%or !a !e a"a pe +a!ura *eru%arii

proie"#e%or.

Singure%e costuri care pot fi asociate strict inte"rarii !un# "e%e %ega#e *e

"rearea unor in!#iu#ii !pe"ii"e *e ge!#ionare a on*uri%or "o+uni#are in

agri"u%#ura !.a. In p%u! "o!#uri%e +one#are "are #re0uie a""ep#a#e *rep# "o!#uri *e

"re!#ereD *e7o%#areD+o*erni7are pro*u" ee"#e po7i#ie pe #er+en +e*iu !i%ung +u%# a+p%ii"a#e a#a *e ie"are euro "@e%#ui#.

Bene#iciile in#egrarii !un# nu+eroa!e !i #re0uie ea%ua#e !i in p%anu%

ee"#e%or non>+one#are. Prin#re a"e!#ea "e%e +ai i+por#an#e !e reera %a:3

+o*ii"area "o+por#a+en#u%ui e"ono+i" 0a7a# a"u+ in +are +a!ura pe

@a7ar*u% +ora%?

"re!#erea "o+pe#i#ii#a#ii #e@no%ogi"e e"ono+i"e !i "o+er"ia%e?

i+0una#a#irea +e*iu%ui *e aa"eri !u0 a!pe"#u% prei7i0i%i#a#ii !i re*u"erii

ri!"uri%or "au7a#e *e in"er#i#u*ine?

o pre*i"#i0i%i#a#e !i o !#a0i%i#a#e "re!"u#a a +e*iu%ui e"ono+i"?

un "%i+a# e"ono+i" !i po%i#i" !#a0i% "are a !#i+u%a o *e7o%#are e"ono+i"a

*ura0i%a?

1

;o0ran Maria>MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene. Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.88.

$i*e+.3Ni& I. > 0nte"rarea 4om;niei )n Uniunea European E*i#ura In*epen*en&a E"ono+i" Pi#e)#i $99' 85

89


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"re!#erea "o+pe#i#ii#a#ii pe pia#a in#erna "are a "on*u"e %a +o#iarea !i

!#i+u%area agen#i%or e"ono+i"i au#o@#oni in !en!u% !poririi pro*u"#ii#a#ii !i

ei"ien#ei prin *e7o%#area *e noi pro*u!e !i !eri"ii in#ro*u"erea

#e@no%ogii%or +o*erne in pro*u"#ie !i *i+inuarea "o!#uri%or *e pro*u"#ie?

*e7o%#area "o+er#u%ui un !#i+u% i+por#an# pen#ru e"ono+ia na#iona%a !i

pia#a or#ei *e +un"a?

a""e!u% !pori# pe pie#e%e *e "api#a% europene a""e!u% !pori# %a noi%e

e"@ipa+en#e in !i!#e+e inor+a#iona%e %a Ono>@o>u% +anageria% !i %a

#e@ni"i%e organi7a#iona%e u#i%i7a#e in #ari%e *e7o%#a#e?

pre7en#a agen#i%or e"ono+i"i ro+ani pe o pia#a uni"a *e +ari *i+en!iuni !i

"u o i+por#an#a *eo!e0i#a in e"ono+ia +on*ia%a?

in#arirea !e"uri#a#ii na#iona%e prin in#egrarea in +e"ani!+e%e Po%i#i"ii E#erne

!i *e Se"uri#a#e Co+un"a PESCB?

opor#uni#a#i *eo!e0i#e oeri#e *e in#egrarea u%#erioara in Uniunea E"ono+i"a

!i Mone#ara UEMB?

par#i"iparea *ire"#a %a pro"e!u% *e %uare a *e"i7ii%or priin* ii#oru% Europei?

"re!#erea pre!#igiu%ui !i "on!o%i*area !#a#u#u%ui Ro+aniei in re%a#ii%e "u a%#i

par#eneri !#a#a%i a#a# in p%an e"ono+i" "a# !i po%i#i"?

*o0an*irea *e "a#re "e#a#enii ro+ani a *rep#uri%or "e *e"urg *in o0#inerea

"e#a#eniei europene?

per!pe"#ie *e pere"#ionare proe!iona%a !i a""e! pe pia#a europeana a

+un"ii pen#ru "e#a#enii ro+ani.

A"e!#e a,antae diecte =6ene#icii> !un# 0inein#e%e! *u0%a#e *e o !erie *e

c$


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i7o%area e"ono+i"a a Ro+aniei in "on*i#ii%e in "are UE *e#ine in pre7en#

"ir"a 89 *in "o+er#u% e#erior ro+ane!"?

re!#rangerea po!i0i%i#a#i%or *e a""e! a pro*u!e%or ro+ane!#i pe pia#a

"o+uni#ara?

"re!#erea u%nera0i%i#a#ii pro*u!e%or ro+ane!#i in a#a +a!uri%or *e aparare"o+er"ia%a !i a o0!#a"o%e%or #e@ni"e pra"#i"a#e *e UE a#a *e #ari%e #er#e?

"re!#erea *e"a%a6u%ui e"ono+i" *in#re Ro+ania !i #ari%e *in 7ona "are or

a*era %a UE *a#ori#a in prin"ipa% i+po!i0i%i#a#ii *e a 0enei"ia *e on*uri%e

"o+uni#are *e *e7o%#are?

*i+inuarea !an!e%or *e a%iniere in per!pe"#ia %a ]a"ui!]>u% "o+uni#ar

aan* in e*ere "a in#egrarea in#ra"o+uni#ara eo%uea7a in per+anen#a? *ii"u%#a#i in o0#inerea "on!en!u%ui %a nie%u% UE pen#ru a*erarea a%#or #ari

"an*i*a#e in "on*i#ii%e "re!#erii nu+aru%ui *e !#a#e +e+0re a%e UE?

!"a*erea po!i0i%i#a#i%or Ro+aniei *e a *e7o%#a o agri"u%#ura "o+pe#i#ia "a

ur+are a nein#egrarii %a #i+p in +e"ani!+e%e Po%i#i"ii Agri"o%e Co+une.

Cu #oa#e "o!#uri%e +ari !i *ureroa!e "are #re0uie !upor#a#e *e e"ono+ia

#arii maele 6ene#iciu al integaiieste acela al intrarii 4omaniei in lumeatarilor civili%ate si #emocratice si al posibilitatii 4omaniei #e a participa activ

la solutionarea marilor probleme ale Europei Unite, la elaborarea noului

ac7uis comunitar, in a!a e% in"a# !a ie !u!#inu#e in +o* +ai+a% in#ere!e%e

#arii.1

8.=. ocul economiei 4omaniei in Uniunea Europeana

Si#ua#a %a in#er!e"#ia *in#re Uniunea Europeana Fa%"ani !i CIS Ro+ania

*e#ine o po7i#ie !#ra#egi"a !i a#ra"#ia "eea "e per+i#e un a""e! a"i% "a#re e!#u%

!i E!#u% Europei "a#re o!#e%e !#a#e !oie#i"e #ari%e 0a%"ani"e rien#u% Mi6%o"iu

!i Nor*u% Ari"ii iin* #raer!a#a *e #rei i+por#an#e "ori*oare pan>europene:

"ori*oru% nr. 2 "are %eaga e!#u% *e E!#u% Europei? "ori*oru% nr. ( "are a"e

1;o0ran Maria>MarianaAB!ul inte"rarii europene.Dictionar #e termeni comunitari.E*i#ura Euro!#a+paTi+i!oara $995 p.8'.

8$


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%ega#ura in#re Nor*u% !i Su*u% "on#inen#u%ui !i "ori*oru% nr. ' "are a"i%i#ea7a

naiga#ia in in#erioru% Europei.$

Ro+nia a o0&inu# re7u%#a#e *in#re "e%e +ai 0une %a "re)#erea e"ono+i".

A!#e% e"ono+ia Ro+niei a "re!"u# /n #ri+e!#ru% a% #rei%ea "u 18.1

e"ono+ia>ro+aniei>augu!#>!pre>nou>"i"%u>e"ono+i">rapor#.@#+$@##p:DDa*earu%.roDne!Dpo%i#i"aDe"ono+ia>ro+aniei>$913>eo%u#ie>!pe"#a"u%oa!a>1K5$093e8*"'045558"80*11Din*e.@#+%

83


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Qn p%an ine!#i&iona% Ro+nia e!#e pe "a%e ! 0a# un nou re"or*. Pn %a

ina%u% anu%ui ine!#i&ii%e *in e"ono+ia au#o@#on or *ep)i 19 +i%iar*e *e

euro. Qn #er+eni no+ina%i anu% $913 *eine "e% +ai pro!per *in a"e!# pun"# *e

e*ere /n "on*i&ii%e /n "are *in 1(4( )i pn /n pre7en# nu a +ai o!# "on!e+na#o *ina+i" a## *e aora0i%. or0i+ a## *e!pre ine!#i&ii *ire"#e "# )i *e!pre

ine!#i&ii anga6a#e pe 0a7a *e a"or*uri !i +e+oran*u+uri "u *ieri#e "o+panii.1

C@iar *a" nu generea7 ni"i pe *epar#e *e70a#eri%e pe "are %e>ar +eri#a

ra#a *e a0!or0&ie a on*uri%or europene repre7in# unu% *in#re *o+enii%e %a "are

Ro+nia a progre!a# enor+. Ro+nia aea un gra* *e a0!or0&ie a% on*uri%or

europene /n 6uru% a%orii *e '. La +o+en#u% a"#ua% gra*u% *e a0!or0&ie a a6un!%a $' aproape *e pa#ru ori +ai +are

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