Universal DesignDesign Empathy

Dr. Hsing MeiWeb Computing Laboratory

Computer Science and Information Engineering DepartmentFu Jen Catholic University

11/13/2012

Design• Design • Universal Design• Design Empathy

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Basic Design

• Design– Visual Design– Interface/Workflow Design– User Experience (UX)

• 4D Design Flow– 發現 (Discover) : How? Why?– 定義 (Define)– 發展 (Develop) : Interdisciplinary

Brainstorming– 傳遞 (Deliver) 4

• Universal Design in Architecture and Physical Environments – design of structures that anticipates the needs of individuals with disabilities and accommodates these needs from the outset

Universal Design

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Universal Design - History• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

– 1961: Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to and Usable by people with physical disabilities

• Uniform Federal Accessibility Standard (UFAS)– Adapted ANSI standard for federally funded construction

• Fair Housing Amendment– 1988: Access guidelines to multiple housing units

• Americans with Disabilities Act – 1990: Mandatory conditions for public spaces

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Assistive Technology

• Assistive technology device is defined as “any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off-the-shelf, modified or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.” – Assistive Technology Act of 1998

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視障者應該認識的交通號誌 !?

無障礙的闖關遊戲8

險升坡 險坡標誌，用以促使車輛駕駛人小心駕駛，設於道路縱坡在百分之七以上之路段。

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小心落石注意落石標誌，用以促使車輛駕駛人注意落石。設於易於發生塌方或落石危及行車之路段將近之處。

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右側縮減車道、路寬縮減標誌，用以促使車輛駕駛人注意前方車道或路寬將縮減之情況，設於同向多車道或路寬縮減路段將近處

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路面顛簸 用以促使車輛駕駛人減速慢行，設於路面顛簸路段或特設跳動路面地段將近之處。

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有柵門鐵路平交道 用以警告車輛駕駛人注意慢行或及時停車，設於車輛駕駛人無法直接察覺有柵門鐵路平交道將近之處。

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危險標誌用以促使車輛駕駛人小心駕駛。設於危險路段將近之處。本標誌下緣應設附牌，說明危險原因

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路滑標誌 用以促使車輛駕駛人注意慢行。設於路面泥濘、冰凍等滑溜路段將近之處。

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圓環標誌 用以促使車輛駕駛人注意慢行，讓內環車輛優先通行，視需要設於圓環將近之處。

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連續彎路 連續彎路標誌先向左彎，用以促使車輛駕駛人減速慢行，設於路線具有反向曲線或連續轉彎。

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1. Equitable Use2. Flexibility in Use3. Simple and Intuitive Use4. Perceptible Information5. Tolerance for Error6. Low Physical Effort7. Size and Space for Approach and Use

Universal Design Architectural Principles

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通用設計 7 原則 1. 公平使用：這種設計對任何使用者都不會造成傷害或使其受窘2. 彈性使用：這種設計涵蓋了廣泛的個人喜好及能力。3. 簡易及直覺使用：不論使用者的經驗、知識、語言能力或

集中力如何，這種設計的使用都很容易了解。4. 明顯的資訊：不論周圍狀況或使用著感官能力如何，這種設計

有效地對使用者傳達了必要的資訊。5. 容許錯誤：這種設計將危險及因意外或不經意的動作所導致的

不利後果降至最低。6. 省力：這種設計可以有效、舒適及不費力地使用。7. 適當的尺寸及空間供使用：不論使用者體型、姿勢或移動性如

何，這種設計提供了適當的大小及空間供操作及使用。

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通用設計 3 附則

1. 可長久使用，具經濟性2. 品質優良且美觀3. 對人體及環境無害

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Equitable Use• The design is useful and marketable to

people with diverse abilities– Provide the same means of use for all users:

identical whenever possible; equivalent when not.

– Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users. – Provisions for privacy, security, and safety

should be equally available to all users. – Make the design appealing to all users.

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Equitable Use

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Flexibility in Use

• The design accommodates a wide range of individual preference and abilities.– Provide choice in methods of use. – Accommodate right- or left-handed access and

use. – Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision. – Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

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Flexibility in Use

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Simple and Intuitive Use• Use of the design is easy to understand,

regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.– Eliminate unnecessary complexity. – Be consistent with user expectations and

intuition. – Accommodate a wide range of literacy and

language skills. – Arrange information consistent with its

importance. – Provide effective prompting and feedback

during and after task completion. 25

Perceptible Information• The design communicates necessary information

effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.– Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile)

for redundant presentation of essential information.

– Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.

– Maximize "legibility" of essential information. – Differentiate elements in ways that can be

described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions).

– Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.

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Perceptible Information

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Tolerance for Error• The design minimizes hazards and the

adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. – Arrange elements to minimize hazards and

errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.

– Provide warnings of hazards and errors. – Provide fail safe features. – Discourage unconscious action in tasks that

require vigilance.

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Tolerance for Error

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Low Physical Effort

• The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue. – Allow user to maintain a neutral body position. – Use reasonable operating forces. – Minimize repetitive actions. – Minimize sustained physical effort

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Low Physical Effort

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Size and Space for Approach and Use

• Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.– Provide a clear line of sight to important

elements for any seated or standing user. – Make reach to all components comfortable for

any seated or standing user. – Accommodate variations in hand and grip size. – Provide adequate space for the use of assistive

devices or personal assistance.

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Size and Space for Approach and Use

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• Universal Design for Learning – design curricula with the needs of all learners in mind, so that, methods, materials and assessments are usable by all.

Universal Design

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The Application of “Design Empathy” through “Contextual

Inquiry” to “Orange Beneficence”

Prof (Dr.) YEN Ching Chiuan顏慶全

Division of Industrial DesignNational University of Singapore

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Good Design

Human Needs

Emerging Technology

Social Trends

“To create meaningful innovations, you need to know your users and care about their lives.”

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EMPATHIZING

Why never to ask favors from designers

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Source: http://perfectingmotherhood.wordpress.com/2010/07/09/graphic-designer-missing-cat-flyer/

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Empathizing

Empathy is the foundation of a human-centered design process. To empathize, you:• Observe. View users and their behavior in the context of their

lives.• Engage. Interact with and interview users through both

scheduled and short ‘intercept’ encounters.• Immerse. Experience what your user experiences.

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SAY

DO

THINK

FEEL

Identify needs / insights

Empathy Map

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CONTEXTUAL INQUIRY

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Empathize

Contextual Inquiry. go for stories. everyone should capture notes. Take pictures. do not rely on memory.

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Phenomenology ( 現象學 )

避免視而不見 , 聽而不聞

Grass Anthropology ( 人類學 )

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Senior Obsevation

• Webcam 101 for Seniors....– http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcN08Tg3PWw

• CNN Interview– http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wvvRIFOVAU&NR=1

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Examples of application

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underlying need:(say do, think feel)

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Leapfrog

LeapFrog: Donn Koh

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Enabling

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eAble

RMobility made

possibleAchieving active independent living

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Digital Magnifier Digital Magnifier provides a direct interface between user and technology by having one single function – enlarging information shown on the screen like a traditional magnifying glass.

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Behavior changing

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Rock On is a rocking chair designed for special needs children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who constantly need to seek vestibular stimulation in a classroom context.

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socializing

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Good Design Enables!

Bad Design Disables!

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After kelvinyoung.com (Kelvin Young, 2006)

After catencio-sdm2009.blogspot.tw

After www.wecreate.cc

After Information Is Beautiful

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