UPS For Efficient Data CentersUPS For Efficient Data Centers

Eaton Corporation

AgendaAgenda(1) Introduction – Basics About UPS’s(2) Trends and Challenges Affecting The Power

Infrastructure Of Your Data Center(3) Selecting The Right Power Infrastructure For

Your Data Center(4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers:

Addressing the Reliability vs. Efficiency Paradigm of UPS’sParadigm of UPS’s

(1) Introduction – Basics About UPS’s

What is a UPS?What is a UPS?• UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power System

• Acting as an interface between the mains and sensitive applications, UPS’s supply the load with continuous, high quality electrical power

dl f th t t f th iregardless of the status of the mains.

• UPS’s deliver a dependable supply voltage free from all mains disturbances, within tolerances compatible with the requirements of sensitive electronic devices.

• UPS can also provide this dependable voltage independently by means of a power source (battery) which is generally sufficient to ensure the safety of individuals and the installation.

Why do we need a UPS?Why do we need a UPS?• Digital equipment (computers, telecom systems, instruments, etc.)

use microprocessors that operate at frequencies of several mega oruse microprocessors that operate at frequencies of several mega or even giga Hertz, i.e. they carry out millions or even billions of operations per second.

• A disturbance in the electrical supply lasting just a few milliseconds can affect thousands or millions of basic operations

• The result may be malfunctions and loss of data with dangerous (e.g. airports, hospitals) or costly consequences (e.g. loss of production).

• That is why many loads, called sensitive or critical loads, require a supply that is protected against distribution system disturbances.

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Why do we need a UPS?Why do we need a UPS?

Source: CEMEP UPS European Guide

How does a UPS work?How does a UPS work?• UPS are generally made up of three main sub-

assembliesassemblies– a rectifier-charger to transform the alternating current into direct

current and charge the battery

– a set of batteries (generally lead-acid type) enabling energy to be stored and instantly recovered as required over a 5 to 30 minutes period or even moreminutes period, or even more

– an inverter to convert this direct voltage into an alternating voltage that is perfectly regulated and filtered in terms of voltagevoltage that is perfectly regulated and filtered in terms of voltage and/or frequency

How does a UPS work?How does a UPS work?

Line Interactive

On Line DoubleDouble

Conversion

The 3 UPS TopologiesThe 3 UPS Topologies• Passive stand-by ("Off-Line")

– Basic UPS for applications for slightly disturbed environments E.g. individual PCs & their peripherals, home entertainment

• Line interactive– Standard & most efficient UPS for IT applications– For slightly disturbed environments in terms of frequency, but

accepting voltage fluctuations networked PCs Serversnetworked PCs, Servers network peripherals (printers, external disks, routers, etc.)

• Double conversion ("On-Line")( )– For disturbed environments, in terms of voltage, frequency,

harmonics, micro-outages and outages Critical servers & Datacenters

Telecomm nications Telecommunications Medical applications (scanners, IMR, etc.) Disturbed industrial environments, emergency lighting, etc.

3-5-9 Concept3-5-9 Concept

1. Power Failure 6. Switching Transient

3. Power Surge

2. Power Sag 7. Line Noise

8. Frequency Variation3

3-5-9 concept3 Off-Line5 Line Interactive9 On-Line Double

Conversion4. Undervoltage

5. Overvoltage

9. Harmonic Distortion

59

Conversion

9

(2) T d d Ch ll Aff ti Th(2) Trends and Challenges Affecting The Power Infrastructure Of Your Data Center

Past Data Center Power DeploymentPast Data Center Power Deployment

Why Is Power More Important Today?Why Is Power More Important Today?

Protecting H d

Protecting Data L d

Protecting C ti it fHardware

EquipmentLoss and

CorruptionContinuity of

Service

1940 1940 19501950 1960 1960 19701970 1980 1980 19901990 20002000 20102010

Industrial Economy

Digital Economy Services Economy

The Power of ITThe Power of IT• First generation power thinking g p g

If the powerain’t there, I need a

UPS I dPower is a

binary state:ain t there, you ain’t

there.UPS, I need a generator.

binary state: it’s either

ON or OFF.

Power presence

Real Power• Just because you have power, doesn’t

Real Powery p

mean you’ve got good power– It’s only the beginning!y g g

• Power is not a binary thing

Difference bet een reacting to aDifference between reacting to a catastrophe and preventing a catastrophe

The Power of IT• Second generation power thinking

The Power of ITg p g

I will haveHow good

is the

How good is the un- What

damage

How much

I will have power conditioned

power behind my

UPS?

conditioned

power in front of

gcan I

prevent if I knew what to look for?

energy am I

consuming?

my UPS?ng?

Power quality

You Monitor CPU StorageYou Monitor CPU, Storage…

Incremental EvolutionIncremental Evolution

If the powerain’t there, you ain’t

there.

I need a UPS, I need a

generator.

Power is a binary

state: it’s either ON

OFF

I will have power

How good is the

conditioned power behind

my UPS?

How good is the un-

conditioned power in front of my UPS?

What damage can I prevent if I knew what to

look for?

How much energy

am I consuming?there. generator. or OFF. my UPS? of my UPS? g

• To drive additional 9’s into the reliability equation– More and more detailed visibility will be required– With more and more expertise required

Today’s Data Center InfrastructureToday s Data Center Infrastructure

Market TrendsMarket Trends• Energy efficiency

E i d t t h 2 3 i th l t th– Energy usage in data center has grown 2 – 3x in the last three years

– Through 2009, energy costs have emerged as the second-highest operating cost (behind labor) in 70% of DC facilitieshighest operating cost (behind labor) in 70% of DC facilities worldwide*

– Corporate responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is on the rise

• Flexibility / scalability– Moves adds and changes (MAC) are the norm in any dataMoves, adds and changes (MAC) are the norm in any data

center, where change is the only constant– Ability to scale support infrastructure with growth of IT equipment

is increasingg

* Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge

Technology AdvancesTechnology Advances• High density blade servers and rack mounted storage arrays

– Being promoted as the saviors of the modern day space constrained– Being promoted as the saviors of the modern day space constrained data center manager

• Virtualization of IT applicationspp– Can increase server utilization from an average of 15% to over 80%

• Virtualization of disc storageg– Can allow much higher utilization of the attached storage, therefore

reducing the number of discs required

• Data center consolidation– Can reduce operations costs, freeing up capital for additional IT

technology

Technology ChallengesTechnology Challenges• Increased power density

M t t diti l d t t t t d 3 t 10– Most traditional data centers constructed 3 to 10 years ago were engineered to accommodate 3-5 kW/rack; the new technologies can pack in IT equipment with a power and heat load as high as 30 kW per rack.p

• Dynamic virtualization environmentsC f l d d diff t f th d t t– Can force loads around different areas of the data center, stressing the environment even further

• Dealing with existing infrastructure– Older power (UPS system) and cooling system products are

much less efficient than newer systems - contributing to the blproblem

Power OnPower On…• You require more efficient power and cooling systems, reducing

operational costs and allowing you to re-invest savings in improvingoperational costs, and allowing you to re invest savings in improving your business

• You need more flexible systems to allow you to more easily change your IT environment to meet the business needsyour IT environment to meet the business needs

• You need higher reliability and availability – It’s not acceptable to be off line as the business requires the systems to be on-line to survive

P & li t h ld b d d t & d bl t N+– Power & cooling systems should be redundant & expandable to N+x

• Interoperability of all equipment is a must, ensuring seamless deployment and operation of new systems

• Physical space on the data center floor or in the building is very expensive - so power and cooling systems must be highly efficient in size… as well as performance

(3) S l ti Th Ri ht P(3) Selecting The Right Power Infrastructure For Your Data Center

Size Matters

m

Large Data Centers

UPS

Size Matters…

Com

pute

r Roo

m

Roo

m

Mid Size Data

>100 Racks

S

> 20

0 k

VAU

Dis

trib

utio

n

UPS

Out

side

C

ide

Com

pute

r Centers

20 to 100 Racks

-200

kVA

UPS

Strip

(ePD

U)

/ Rac

k Po

wer

D

Cen

tral

ized

U

Zone

UPS

Insi

Rac

k

d U

PS

Small Data Centers

5 to 20 Racks –

60kV

A U

PS 60

Rac

k Po

wer

Floo

r/Z

In th

e R

Dis

trib

uted

Wiring Closets /

Server Room

1 -1

0kVA

UPS 10

1 to 5 Racks

1

Size MattersCentralized

–Scalable for buildoutsO i i t i i lifi d

Centralized UPSComputer Room

Size Matters…

–Ongoing maintenance is simplified

Zone UPS

UPS

Zone–Scales with computer room growth–Maintenance more intensive than

t li d

Zone UPSComputer Room

UPS

UPS

centralized

R k M t d

Rack MountedComputer Room

UPS

Rack Mounted–Provides ultimate scalability–Limits impact of UPS failure to an enclosure(s)F hi h d it f d t

UPSUP

SUPSUP

SUPS

UPSUP

SUPSUP

SUP–For high density areas of your data center

SUPS

Many Other Factors To ConsiderMany Other Factors To Consider• A range of factors must be taken into account when selecting the

right power infrastructure for your data centerright power infrastructure for your data center– Number of racks

Small data center, computer room, network closet: (<20 racks) Medium data center: (20 – 100 racks) Large data center: (100+ racks)

– Power density per rack Low density (1-4 kW/rack) Medium density (5 – 9 kW/rack)Medium density (5 9 kW/rack) High density (10-15 kW/rack) Ultra High density (>15kW/rack)

– Data center availability (Uptime Institute) Tier I (basic) Tier II (redundant N+1 components) Tier III (concurrently maintainable) Tier IV (fault tolerant)( )

Every data center is unique based on business needs

A Typical Large Data CenterGenerators

UPSIncoming Service Gear

Bus “A” Bus “B”

A Typical Large Data Center

Server racks

Substation Transformers Fire Suppression

Cooling

Operations Center

Security Access

Example Of Large Data Center ProjectExample Of Large Data Center Project

• Sentrum Data Center – Woking, UK

Chillers

UPS

Data Suite

Generators

In A NutshellIn A Nutshell• There are a lot of technology changes going on that can

ff t t d ’ d t t d ieffect today’s data center design• The only thing common in two Datacenters is the

increasing complexity and number of componentsincreasing complexity and number of components• Power remains a critical component • Monitoring, Data, and Management puts you in Control• And don’t forget Services

(4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers:(4) The Quest For Efficiencies in Data Centers:Addressing the Reliability vs. Efficiency

Paradigm of UPS’s

Still Growing DemandStill Growing Demand• Economic downturn has significantly impacted the data centre market

– Postponed investments and projects in many companiesPostponed investments and projects in many companies However, projects haven’t been cancelled Many of them are being released this year

• Market drivers for power hungry society still valid today• Market drivers for power-hungry society still valid today– Growing demand for highly available and reliable power in our “online everything”

societies– IT is not limited to businesses anymore

I t i i t t f i t Intrinsic to every aspect of our society

• Increasing demand for highly efficient and reliable power in data centers– Availability and its targeted "five 9’s" remain the number one requirement whenAvailability and its targeted five 9 s remain the number one requirement when

selecting the appropriate UPS– Increasing need for power and increasing cost of power

Energy efficiency shifting from "nice-to-have" to "need-to-have“ Small % of efficiency brings tremendous savingsy g g

Availability Remains At The TopAvailability Remains At The Top• Uptime and quest for five 9’s remain a key focus for data center

managersmanagers– When selecting UPS’s for data centers, double-conversion has been the

reference to achieve highest level of reliability

1. Power Failure

2 Power Sag 7 Line Noise

6. Switching Transient

3. Power Surge

2. Power Sag 7. Line Noise

8. Frequency Variation33-5-9 concept3 Off-Line5 Line Interactive9 On-Line Double

4. Undervoltage

5. Overvoltage

9. Harmonic Distortion

59

Conversion

Energy Efficiency from nice-to-have to need-to-haveEnergy Efficiency from nice to have to need to have

• Energy costs and regulatory compliance will continue to place organizations at riskg

– Social, economic and regulatory pressures to reduce carbon emissions and energy costs globally

– Increasing Energy CostsIncreasing Energy Costs Through 2009, Energy costs will emerge as the second highest operating cost (behind

labor) in 70% of the Data Center facilities worldwide (source: Gartner) Cost to run a data center > than cost to finance it initially

– Sustainability 80% of CEO’s view sustainability as impacting brand value (source: 2008, McKinsey) 31% say they want to reduce their environmental impact (source: 2008, McKinsey) IT accounts for 2% of the global CO2 emissions, as much as the airline industry

(source: 2008, IBM, UK)

– Regulations 82% of executives expect some form of climate change regulation within 5 years

(source: 2008 McKinsey)(source: 2008, McKinsey) European Union Code of Conduct for Data Centers UK Carbon Reduction Commitment (2010)

Addressing Reliability vs Efficiency ParadigmAddressing Reliability vs. Efficiency Paradigm

• The key challenge for Data Center managersHow to achieve higher efficiencies without compromising reliability– How to achieve higher efficiencies without compromising reliability Historical trade-off

Double-conversion: maximum level of protection at a cost Other legacy modes: compromise on reliability

• The solution = two new game-changing UPS technologies– Variable Module Management System (VMMS)

Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications

– Energy Saver System (ESS) The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency

Automatic fast transfer to double conversion modewhen needed (in less than 2 ms)

Higher System Efficiencyg y y No Compromise On Data Center’s Reliability

Variable Module Management SystemVariable Module Management System

• In double conversion mode, the efficiency of any UPS varies F depending on the % of load

– Highest efficiency when close to full capacity• UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity

Thi i th f t i d d t t d i t d t t

FACTS – This is the fact in redundant systems as used in most data centersS

CCHALLLENGE

How to maximize efficiency potential of UPS systems withlighter loads

E

Variable Module Management SystemVariable Module Management System• How to maximize efficiency with lighter loads in double conversion

modemode– Especially in multi-UPS and redundant system configurations

• Solution #1 (basic)( )– Concentrate load on certain UPS’s to maximize UPS load level and

overall system efficiency Some energy savings

Limited to multiple UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel) Limited to multiple-UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel) Still not optimal

• Solution #2 (more advanced & efficient)– Automatically optimize efficiency at UPM level VMMS

Concentrate the load on certain UPM’s to maximize overall system efficiency

– Only possible on modular UPS’sy p Not limited to multiple-UPS systems Achieve even higher optimization thanks to UPM’s modularity

Variable Module Management System• VMMS Principle

– Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS

Variable Module Management System

Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi UPS Configurations

Variable Module Management SystemVariable Module Management System

• VMMS Principle– Maximizes % load of each UPM

Optimizing overall system efficiency100%

System Efficiency gainthanks modular UPS design

with VMMS capability

100%

with VMMS capability90%

80%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

% load of each active UPM in Case3 when using VMMS

% load of each UPM in Case1 when using UPS without VMMS

Variable Module Management SystemVariable Module Management System

• VMMS Benefits– Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode higher

efficiency

• Typical applications where VMMS is particularly efficient– Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS’s

Li htl l d d t i ll t t l d < 45% l d l l h Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load level where efficiency is not optimal

– Data Centers, especially when UPS system feeds dual corded serversservers

– Any applications when load is not constant

Energy Saver SystemEnergy Saver System• Energy Saver System Principle

– Until recently upper limit for UPS energy efficiency in double-– Until recently, upper limit for UPS energy efficiency in double-conversion ~96% For 1 EUR spent on utility power, three to seven cents of it was used or

dissipated as heat by the UPS

– In developed countries, utility power is within industry specifications most of the time Complete power conditioning is needed only rarelyp p g y y Yet traditional double conversion UPS’s continuously process utility power,

converting it from AC to DC and back to AC again Dissipating heat and wasting power at every stage.

– Energy Saver System technology delivers 99% efficiency by intelligently adapting to utility power conditions and operating in energy-saving mode most of the time Offering double conversion protection Offering double-conversion protection

when your load needs it As quickly as it needs it

Energy Saver SystemEnergy Saver System• Energy Saver System engages modules according to

input powerInput Power Qualitywithin load tolerance Active ModulesInput Power Quality

within rectifier toleranceInput Power Quality

out of rectifier tolerance

input power

+ 10%

+10%

+ 10%

53Hz47Hz-10%

45Hz 55Hz

-15…-30%

at nominal voltage 400V/50Hz

Superior detection and transition technology Superior detection and transition technology

Energy Saver SystemEnergy Saver System• Latest innovation in the area of UPS

P idi th hi h t li bilit ith th hi h t ffi i– Providing the highest reliability with the highest efficiency UPS power converter stages adapt operation to provide optimum

load availability and energy efficiency With advanced DSP (Digital Signal Processing) controls, powerWith advanced DSP (Digital Signal Processing) controls, power

conversion stages are “shifted into gear” only when needed

• What ESS does Maximizes efficiency when the input is within the acceptable

voltage and frequency window 99% efficiency over wide load range - above 20% load

Maximizes performance when the input is outside the window Full voltage and frequency independency available in just 2ms UPS seamlessly transitions through different operating modes as

needed only possible with transformer-free topologies

Energy Saver SystemEnergy Saver System• ESS Efficiency – 99% across the complete operating range• 85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer based UPS• 85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer-based UPS• Continuous power tracking and proprietary DSP algorithms combined

with transformer free design topology ensures critical loads are always protectedp

100%99% efficiency even at

lower load levels thanks to ESS

90%

m e

ffici

ency

Double-conversion efficiency of leading UPS’s

80%

Syst

em

TypicalOperations

80%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%% load

Energy Saver System• The bottom line

Energy Saver System

– ESS drives the UPS losses close to zero– The energy savings from ESS typically recovers 100% of the

UPS cost over a 3 - 5 year period– At 250kW of critical load, the savings is equivalent to 3 600 €

per year per point of efficiency gain

Calculation is based on 60% DCiE and CO2 emissions at 400g/kWh medium European level

Energy Saver SystemEnergy Saver System• Some form of multi-mode capability has been available

on UPS’s for yearson UPS s for years– However, conventional multi-mode UPS’s have their limitations

Trade-off between reliability and efficiency

• What differentiates ESS from traditional “ECO-Mode”– Conventional ECO-mode is accomplished in one of two waysp y

Power the load with Bypass Utility and wait for the UPS to start, sync, and transfer to double conversion mode when disturbances occur Long transition times to inverter Long transition times to inverter

Operate in line interactive mode with the inverter running for faster transitions to double conversion mode Increased power losses resulting in reduced efficiency

ESS l b th i– ESS solves both issues It provides best possible efficiency, and instantaneous transfer to

double conversion when needed

Closing thoughtsClosing thoughts• Utility costs now account for 20 to 30 percent of data center

operating costsoperating costs.– A million Euros worth of servers that was purchased in 2009 will

consume €1.2 million in electricity over a three-year operating life — a figure that will only increase with rising utility rates1g y g y

• The good news is that new, high-efficiency, multi-mode UPS’s can dramatically reduce the costs and environmental impact of poweringdramatically reduce the costs and environmental impact of powering the business– More efficient allocation of power– Reduced utility bills and total operating costy p g– Achieve more with available power and cooling systems — delaying the

point where those systems would have to be upgraded or replaced

Sources:1. Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

Any questions?