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Global perspectives of veterinary education
All who work in veterinary education must
recognize the breadth of their
responsibilities. We are at a time in
veterinary history where the profession
must look how to meet a global standard
for veterinary education and the global
recognition of our basic qualification.
There is a societal expectation that a profe
ssional approach is being taken to managi
ng food security and food safety, as well a
s the environment and biodiversity.
—J Vet Med Educ. 2004,31(1):9-12.
Immunity 免疫力， immune 免疫Infectious agent 感染性生物Infectious disease 感染性疾病Invasion 侵入Colonization 克隆繁殖Innate 与生俱来的 innate immunity 固有免疫Adaptive 适应性的 adaptive immunity 适应性免疫Pathogen 病原体Immune system 免疫系统
Secrete 分泌 secretion
Infalmmatory 炎症的 inflammation
Modulate 调节Physiological 生理学的 physiology
Microorganism 微生物Epithelial 上皮的 epithelial cell
Tissue 组织Organ 器官Digestive tract 消化道Respiratory tract 呼吸道
General Introduction 免疫学简介
What is Immunity?
• Immunity, ability of an organism( 有机体 ) to
resist disease by identifying and destroying
foreign substances （异物） or organisms.
• Immunity is the ability of the body to resist o
r fight off infection （感染） and disease.
• Immunity is a state of resistance （抵抗） to an agent, the pathogen （病原体） , that
normally produces an infection. Pathogens
include microorganisms （微生物） such a
s bacteria and viruses, as well as larger pa
rasites （寄生虫） .
Immunology is the study of the ways in which the
body defends itself from infectious agents and
other foreign substances in its environment.
What is Immune System?
And, what’s more
★ Immune cells distributed in non-lymphoid tissues. 非淋巴组织中的免疫细胞
★ Immune molecules
Antibody( 抗体 ), Interleukin(IL, 白介素 ), complement( 补体 ).
Our Final Goals in the Study of Veterinary Immunology兽医免疫学的基本任务
• What are the components of immune system?
• How do they work?
• How do animals defend themselves?
• Why did animal fail to win the tug of war（拉锯战） sometimes?
• How to help them in favor of their health?
Two arms of immune system
• Innate immune system
天然 ( 固有 ) 免疫系统• Adaptive immune system
适应性免疫系统
Innate immunity
• Innate immunity is present in all normal ind
ividuals and operates on different infectiou
s agents in the same way every time when
the individual is exposed to the agents
（致病因素） .
• Innate immunity is also present at all times
in normal individuals( 个体 ), modulated by
physiological conditions( 生理条件 ).
• Innate immunity does NOT distinguish( 区
分 ) among microorganisms of different spe
cies, and does NOT alter( 改变 ) in intensity
( 强度 ) upon re-exposure( 再次暴露 ).
• Cellular and molecular components of innate i
mmune system
Monocyte （单核细胞） ,
Macrophage （ MΦ ，巨噬细胞 ） ,
Dendritic cell （ DC, 树突细胞） ,
T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte （ T 细胞， B 细胞） Natural killer cell （ NK 细胞） ,
Mast cell （肥大细胞） ,
Neutrophil （中性粒细胞） ,
NKT Cell (NKT 细胞 ),
Complement （补体）
• The characteristics of the innate immunity include:
♠ response are non-specific( 非特异性的 );
♠ there is no memory or lasting protective
immunity;
♠ there is a limited repertoire( 储备 ) of recognition
molecules( 识别分子 );
♠ the responses are phylogenetically( 进化上 )
ancient.
Adaptive immunity
• Cellular and molecular components of the
adaptive immune system
★ T cells, cell-mediated immune response
cytokines, IL-4, IL-17, interferon(IFN-γ)
★ B cells, humoral immune response
antibody
• The adaptive immune system is quiescen
t( 安静的 ) until stimulated by a specific inf
ection.
• This system is capable of exquisitely( 精细 ) distinguishing among microorganisms
and significantly alters in its intensity and
response time upon re-exposure.
characteristic Innate immunity Adaptive immunity
specificity non-specific
indiscriminating
Specific, discriminating
mechanical epithelium Immune induced reactive fibrosis(granuloma)
humoral pH, lysozyme,serum proteins
antibody
cellular White blood cells Specifically sensitized lymphocytes
induction Does not require immunization;
constitutively
Requires immunization
Comparison of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Cardinal Features of Adaptive Immune Responses 适应性免疫应答的主要特点
• Specificity & Diversity 特异性与多样性• Memory 免疫记忆• Specialization 高度特化• Self-limitation 自我限制• Nonreactivity to self, tolerance 自身耐受
Immune Cells
Phagocytes 吞噬细胞
Phagocytosis 吞噬作用
Mononuclear Phagocytes单个核吞噬细胞
The Monocyte-Macrophage System
Lymphocytes
B Lymphocyte
Plasma Cells and Macrophages
T Lymphocyte
Antigen Presenting Cells抗原提呈细胞
初始 T 细胞活化
效应 T 细胞
抗原提呈细
胞
课程安排
•理论课： 38 学时。•实验课： 18 学时。 3次“自助式实验课”。•课程俱乐部：写 10 个摘要， 3次 Seminar。•免疫学奥林匹克大赛： 2次。
实验内容1. 凝集反应与沉淀反应2. 巨噬细胞吞噬实验3. 淋巴细胞转化实验4. 溶血空斑实验5. 酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)
6. 超敏反应实验
