vi presentation.ppt

7/25/2019 vi presentation.ppt

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VIRTUAL

INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT -I


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VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION

Virtual Instrumentation refers to theuse of general purpose computersand or!stations" in com#inationith data collection hardarede$ices and $irtual instrumentationsoftare" to construct an integrated

instrumentation s%stem&


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'E(S

Rapid )* ad$ancement

E+plosi$e lo-cost

,igh-performance data con$ertersemiconductor. de$elopment

S%stem design softare emergence&


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VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION/E0INITION

Santori

/e1nes a $irtual instrument as 2aninstrument hose general function and

capa#ilities are determined in softare&34old#erg

/escri#es that 2a $irtual instrument iscomposed of some speciali5ed su#units"some general-purpose computers" somesoftare" and a little !no-ho3


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VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION/E0INITION

2an% computer can simulate an%other if e simpl% load it ithsoftare simulating the othercomputer&3


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/esign


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)rotot%ping


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/eplo%ment


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T%pical Em#edded S%stem


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Architecture of VirtualInstrumentation

A $irtual instrument is composed ofthe folloing #loc!s6

7 Sensor module

7 Sensor interface

7 Information s%stems interface

7 )rocessing module

7 /ata#ase interface

7 User interface


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AR*,ITE*TURE VIRTUALINSTRUMENTATION


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Sensor Module

The sensor module performs signalconditioning and transforms it into adigital form for further manipulation&

7 The sensor 7 The signal conditioning part

7 The A8/ con$erter

/ata ac9uisition /A:." or Imageac9uisition IMA:. #oards


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The sensor detects ph%sical signals from theen$ironment& If the parameter #eing measured is notelectrical" the sensor must include a transducer tocon$ert the information to an electrical signal" fore+ample" hen measuring #lood pressure&

The signal-conditioning module performs usuall%analog. signal conditioning prior to A/ con$ersion&

This module usuall% does the ampli1cation"transducer e+citation" lineari5ation" isolation" or1ltering of detected signals&

The A8/ con$erter changes the detected andconditioned $oltage into a digital $alue& Thecon$erter is de1ned #% its resolution and samplingfre9uenc%& The con$erted data must #e precisel%time-stamped to allo later sophisticated anal%ses&


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Sensor Interface

Wired Interfaces are usually standardparallel interfaces, such as GPIB, Small*omputer S%stems Interface S*SI."s%stem #uses )*I e;tension forInstrumentation );I or VME E+tensions forInstrumentation V;I."or serial #usesRS interfaces.&

Wireless Interfaces are increasingly usedbecause of convenience. Typical interfacesinclude ?@


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Processing Module

7Analytic processing. Analytic functionsdene clear functional relations amonginput parameters& Some of the common

anal%ses used in $irtual instrumentationinclude spectral anal%sis" 1ltering"indoing" transforms" pea! detection"or cur$e 1tting& Virtual instruments often

use $arious statistics function" such as"random assignment and #io-statisticalanal%ses&


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7Articial intelligence techniques. Articialintelligence technologies could #e used toenhance and impro$e the eBcienc%" thecapa#ilit%" and the features of

instrumentation in application areas relatedto measurement " s%stem identi1cation" andcontrol& These techni9ues e+ploit thead$anced computational capa#ilities ofmodern computing s%stems to manipulate

the sampled input signals and e+tract thedesired measurements& Arti1cial intelligencetechnologies" such as neural netor!s"fu55% logic and e+pert s%stems


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Database Interface

*omputeri5ed instrumentation allosmeasured data to #e stored for oC-lineprocessing" or to !eep records&

The e;tensi#le Mar!up Language ;ML.ma% #e used to sol$e interopera#ilit%pro#lem #% pro$iding uni$ersal s%nta+&

*ontemporar% data#ase management

s%stems such S:L Ser$er and Oraclesupport ;ML import and e+port of data&Man% $irtual instruments use /ata>aseManagement S%stems/>MSs.


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Virtual instruments use these /M>Ssusing some of programminginterfaces" such as O/>*" D/>*"A/O"

and /AO


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Information SystemInterface

The% can #e used to create e+ecuti$edash#oards" supporting decisionsupport" real time alerts" and

predicti$e arnings& Virtual interfaces tool!its" such as

La#VIE" pro$ide mechanisms for

customi5ed components" such asActi$e; o#Fects&

Uni1ed Resource Locators URLs.


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Presentation and Control

7 Terminal user interfaces

7 4raphical user interfaces

7 Multimodal user interfaces and 7 Virtual and augmented realit%

interfaces


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Terminal User Interfaces

*haracter-oriented

As te+tual ser$ices" such as ShortMessage S%stem SMS.


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4raphical user interfaces4UIs.

4raphical user interfaces 4UIs. ena#led moreintuiti$e human7computer interaction" ma!ing$irtual instrumentation more accessi#le&Simplicit% of interaction and high intuiti$eness of

graphical user interface operations madepossi#le creation of user-friendlier $irtualinstruments& 4UIs alloed creation of man%sophisticated graphical idgets such as graphs"charts" ta#les" gauges"or meters" hich can

easil% #e created ith man% user interface tools& Sophisticated


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Multimodal Presentation

4raphical user interfaces thatimpro$e $isuali5ation" contemporar%personal computers are capa#le of

presenting other modalities such assoni1cation or haptic rendering&

Eg& EE4 anal%sis


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Virtual and AugmentedReality

A com#ination of $irtual presentationith real orld o#Fects createsaugment realit% interfaces


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Distributed VirtualInstrumentation


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Netor!s and Pri"ate

Netor!s

Starting form point-to-pointcommunication ith fa+ and modemsconnected to

Analog telephone lines operating atspeeds up to GH !#ps"

IS/N lines of up to


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The Internet

using interopera#le technologiessuch as ,TML" Da$a Applets" VirtualRealit% Modeling Language" and

multimedia support&


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Cellular Netor!s

ireless Access )rotocol A). isplatform-independent irelesstechnolog%" hich ena#les mo#ile

de$ices to eCecti$el% access Internetcontent& and ser$ices" as ell as tocommunicate ith each other& A)

manages communication #%e+changing messages ritten inireless Mar!up LanguageML.&


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7 Emergenc% A) push" hich sends MLmessages to ph%sicians or medical callenter in case of medical emergenc%

7 ML #rosing" allos a participant to#rose through information in medicalinformation s%stems or in monitorings%stem

7 /ata distri#ution A)" hich periodicall%sends messages to ph%sicians& These datacould #e simple te+t or some M).&


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Distributed Integration

7 Message passing s%stems

7 Remote procedure calling R)*. s%stems

7 /istri#uted o#Fect s%stems" and

7 Agent-#ased s%stems&

The message passing model alloscommunication #eteen programs #%

e+change of messages or pac!ets o$erthe netor!&


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R)* #rings procedural programmingparadigm to netor! programming" addingthe a#straction of the function call todistri#uted s%stems&

/istri#uted o#Fect s%stems e+tend the ideaof R)* ith the o#Fect-oriented a#stractionon top of procedure calls& /istri#uted o#Fects%stems suppl% programs ith references to

remote o#Fects" alloing the program tocontrol" call methods" and store the remoteo#Fect in the same a% as a local o#Fect&


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Agent #ased integration is potentiall% $er%eCecti$e distri#uted $irtual instrumentintegration mechanism& Agent #ased s%stemsadd concepts of autonomit% and proacti$it% to

distri#uted o#Fect s%stems& Agent-orientedapproach is ell suited for de$eloping comple+"distri#uted s%stems&

an e+ample of an agent-#ased distri#uted

integration" represent a Virtual Medical/e$ice VM/. agent frameor! ith four t%pesof agents6 data agents, processing agents,

presentation agents, and onitoring agents.


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/ata agentsa#stract data source" creating uniform $ie on diCerent t%pes of data"

independent of data ac9uisition de$ice&

)rocessing agentsproduce deri$ed data" such us poer spectrum from ra data pro$ided #%

the data agents&

)resentation agents suppl% user interface components usinga $ariet% of user data $ies& User interface components are #ased on

,TT)"SMS" and A) protocols&

Monitoring agentscolla#orate ith data and processing agents pro$iding support for data

mining operations" and searchfor rele$ant patterns&


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A/VATA4ES

Performance Platform#Inde$endent Nature %le&ibility 'oer Cost

Plug#In and Netor!ed (ardare The Costs of a Measurement A$$lication Reducing System S$eci)cation Time Cost 'oering the Cost of (ardare and Softare

Minimi*ing Set#U$ and Con)guration TimeCosts Decreasing A$$lication Softare

De"elo$ment Time Costs

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