Upload
duongthuan
View
216
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
English Language Course
General Info.
عامة معلومات
As well تلفظ as wa ً أيضا معناها الجملة نهاية في توضع وهي
I speak English an(d) Arabic
LOL: Lough Out Loud
I wish you to get better/recovery ) سالمتك ) مثل له يقال مريض زيارة عند
You know عارف إنت ماLike زيGentleman agreement رجال كالمSlang English (Informal) عاميStandard English (Formal) فصحىI am going I'm gonna, I'm naHey نداء أداةCan Kn اللفظHandcuffs كلبشاتCan't CannaWant WannaDon't DunnaAren't Ain'tLet me get off here please يعني السيارة من تنزل بدك لو
تترجل" "Shall not ShannaHave got GottaI have I'veWe are We'reDid you Didja اللفظWould you Would ja اللفظDifferent الـ تقرأ ي i ديفرنت أنها وكFamily فامِلSupposed خفيفة االس تقرأConvoy قافلةPresent هديةGift من – ) مستوى أقل منه هبه
هدية(
Greetings التحيات
Formal InformalHow do you do?
Fine, I'm okey, I'm doing wellHi, Hello
Nice to meet you What's upWelcome for you Have a nice meal, breakfast, day, weekend,
1
Formal Informaland so on… وعافية صحة
Good morning, afternoon, evening How are you doing?What's your name?How are you?
When you leave?
Take care, see you ( تلفظ سيا ) See you later ( تلفظ سيوليدر ) Good luck Have a nice day Good bye ( بي جود (تلفظ
Auxiliaries Aux.
مساعدة أفعال
Verbs to be يكونAm يكون Was كان (Past Participle) مفعول اسم
Been كونيIs يكون Was كانAre يكونوا Were كانوا
: الحليب الولد يشرب فعلية الجملة العربية اللغة في : الحليب يشرب الولد اسمية فهي االنجليزي اللغة في أما
It is here) ( : طالب هو مثل فعل بها يوجد ال قد العربية الجملة ً جدا مهمة مالحظة
إضافة ) على (am, is, areنعمل
Examples:
He is a student
Am I Palestinian?
Are you Palestinian?
He is an activist (is here is main verb)
He is writing a story (helping verb) فعل يكون أن على االسم تساعد
You تأخذ were
I was student
Were you student?
He is a foreign أجنبي هو
He was not in Gaza at war الحرب في بغزة يكن لم هو
2
We are Palestine side by side (Shoulder by shoulder) جنب إلى ً جنبا فلسطينيين نحن
He was a student طالب كان هو
Was he at school? بالمدرسة كان هو هل
Nagging إلحاح
Verbs to do /يفعل يعملDo يعملوا Did عمل Done معمولDoes يعمل
She didn't do party yesterday
أساسي فعل بعدها يأتي أن يجب النفي في
He does his duties
Does he do his duties?
Verbs to have / / يتناول/ عنده يملك لديهHave يملك Had امتلك Had مملوكHas
(a, e, i, u, o)
I haven't a class
I have no class
I don't have a class
She has a class
She has no class
She doesn't have a class
فقطب االنجليزي اللغة في االختراع فقطفي( – do, does, didكلمات )3يجوزالسؤال + النفي
Ali has a car (main verb)
Ali has written a story (helping verb)
Written مكتوب تعني
3
Has written كتب
Go ahead كمل تفضل
Go to hell الجحيم إلى اذهب
Heaven السماء
Paradise الفردوس
Jannah الجنة
Meals Words
Have a nice meal وعافية صحة Hungry جوعان Hunger جوع Hunger strike عن إضرابالطعام
I'm full شبعان Fried مقلي Boiled مسلوق
Grilled مشوي
Ripe, ripeness نضوج Eggplant باذنجان Scurf كوفية Taboo عيبBeef burger Lamb burger
ضأن برجرToast خبزمحمص
Paper فلفل
Species بهارات Bread خبز Thyme زعتر Yogurt لبنHoney عسل Garlic ثوم Onion بصل Oil زيتOlive oil زيتون زيت Jam مربى Raw نيء Uncooked مطبوخ غيرCereal حبوب Corn flakes
الذرة رقائقChips رقائق Carob خروب
Salad سلطة Carrots جزر Parsley بقدونس
Cucumber محشي
Salt ملح Salty مالح Okra بامية Spanish سبانخCabbage ملفوف Stuff محشي Delicious
لذيذPizza بيتزا
Tasty لذيذ Un tasty لذيذ غير Disgusting مقرف
Cola غازي مشروب
Food طعام Feed يطعم Breakfast إفطار
Lunch غذاء
Dinner عشاء Supper عشاءمتأخر
Pasta معكرونة
Pastry معجنات
Appetizers مقبالت Up side down مقلوبة
See food Feed food
Administrative detention اعتقالإداري
Oh honey عزيزي يا Prohibited محرم
Flesh لحماإلنسان
Forbidden ممنوع Like يعجب Love يحب Fond of مغرمب
Crazy ب مولع Bean فول Peas بازيالء Desserts = sweets
Pan قطايف Ripen فواكه Decor زخرفة Bank مؤسسة
4
) نضج ) وخضار ماليةExample: I love Maftoul, I like the grilled chicken and lamb meat as well, but I don't like Misaqaa.
5
Idioms
Egghead = clever = smart
Air head X Egghead
Chicken feed قليل راتب
Chicken = جبان
Present Simple
We suffer in Gaza
We have suffering in Gaza
He lives in Gaza
He doesn’t live in Gaza
I recite versus from the holy Qur'an
We live but we don't live عايشين ومش عايشين احنا
It depends on the situation
Words:
Pray /يدعو يصلي Prayer صالة Dawn فجر Recite يتلوVerses آيات Chapter جزء Holy Qur'an
الشريف المصحفSiege – سياج حصار
Closure إغالق Blockade حصار Dependent ُمعال Independent ُمعيل
Note:
C i,e,y سي تلفظ
C ذلك دون ما ك تلفظ
g i,e,y ج تلفظ
g قه تلفظ
It's the right to live freely حر بشكل نحيا أن الحق إنه
Free صفة وهي حر تعني
Freely حال وهي ً حرا تعني
Note: since and for
6
For بعدها a "singular"… a month, or s "plural" 3 years يأتي
Since ذلك دون ما
I haven't visited Cairo since when I met him.
Pronouns
Subject pronoun الفاعل ضمائر
Object pronoun محل تحل
به المفعول
Possessive pronouns ضمائر نوعان وهي الملكية Demonstrative
pronouns ضمائر تأتي االشارة أسماء
به ومفعول فاعلUsed alone وحيدة تستخدم
Modify noun باسم معرفة
I أنا Me Mine لي My أنا This ) قريب ) مفرد هذاThat ) بعيد ) مفرد ذلكThese ( جمع هؤالءقريب(Those ) بعيد ) جمع أولئك
He هو Him His له His هوShe هي Her Hers لها Her هيIt / هي هو إنه، It /لغير هي هو
العاقل- Its /لغير هو هي
العاقلThey هم Them هم Theirs لهم Their هُمWe نحن Us نحن Ours لنا Our نحنYou / أنتم/ أنِت أنت You Yours
/ لكم/ لِك لكYour
/ أنتم/ أنِت أنت
Used alone تستخدم وحيدةاسم بعدها يأتي ال منفصل ضمير
Palestine is ours لنا فلسطينThis is his له هذاThis pen is his له القلم هذاThis is ours not yours لكم وليس لنا هذا
Modify noun باسم معرفةاسم بعدها يأتي متصل ضمير
Palestine is our country دولتنا فلسطينThis is his pen قلمه هذاThis is my book ) الضمير ) + ي االسم كتابي هذا
Examples
He invited me دعاني هوThey invited them دعوهم همWe invited you نحن
دعوناكم/ دعوناكI and you are one/alike أنا
/ بعض متل واحد وأنت
This is me أنا هذاThese are bothers هؤالءأخوتيAre those Palestinian أولئكفلسطينيينWe were them, and they were us وهُم هُم، كنا نحن
نحن كانوا
Words
Press release Accuse يتهم Complaint شكوى DenouncedStatement بيان Criticize ينتقد Complaint يشكي AnxiousBlame يلوم Concern Deny Condom
7
Worry Dissatisfy Dissatisfactory Exile /نفي إبعادOn behave بالنيابةعن
Coffin = wooden box جثمانه وارى
Cry upon him بكواعليه
Cloth قماش
Burry يدفن Body جثة God bless his soul Sorrow باألسفFuneral جنازة Mourning Commit يرتكب Commit Suicide ينتحرPay compliment Make compliment Interrupt مقاطعة
الحوارBoycott مقاطعةبضائع
Martyr شهيد Martyrdom شهادة Carry out = implement
Crime جريمة
Trace يتعقب Evidence األثر Horrible crime TerriblePainful Tearful Aggressive OppressiveCatastrophic مصيب Disaster كارثة Lament يندب Murderer = killer
It's a real violation in human rights and international laws.
Pass away = dead = sleep with fish = die = kick the bucket = buy a farm = مات
Controversial issue, argument issue جدالية قضية
I'm with = الرأي موافقة عن للتعبير تستخدم
Or I'm pro,
I'm against, I'm con, الضد عن للتعبير تستخدم
Toothless Fruitless Is getting worse BloodshedRefugees Victims Homeless InjuriesOrphans Arrested For the sake of ألجل Liberation
I'm afraid to be flagged as terrorist
To express on your OpinionIn my point of view Well I think I guessIn my opinion
Words
Seek for For the sake of Spiky شائك Bullying بلطجةPersuasive = convincible
Change corruptive regime
Fall down the throne العرش
Break out يندلع
Keep nagging I left a page Perspective towards Take place = occur = happen
Vital حيوي Fatal فتاك Out of the context Sponsorships كفاالت
8
النص خارج
Two ways to show your complaint
Polite Rude
Can I get refund فلوسي ترجع ممكن
I'm not satisfy/happy
I criticize------
Get me the manager المدير هاتولي
Protest
Tighten
Peace be upon him السالم عليه
Peace be upon you السالم عليك
Undrinkable water للشرب صالحة غير مياه
Words
Gripe Object يعترض Moan, Gaza is moan تأن غزة
Agony, agonizing يتعذب
Create a fuss عملفوضى
Make a scene Kick up a storm Protest out load
Cause a commotion Arrival ذهاب Departure إياب Green back الدوالرIntonation, pronunciation
Tone = note of a word
Rhythm Backbite gossip غيبة
Jealous غيران Envious حسود Envy حسد Stabbing طعنResentful حقود Suppress your fear
by facing it اقمعبمواجهته الخوف
Conspiracy مؤامرة Reduction of salary الرواتب تقليص
Affixes زيادات
Either – or – أو إما Neither – nor وال ال Manipulation of language مع التالعباللغة
BC: before Christ Root جذور Ante=before قبلAntedate, anteroom
Anti = against, antibiotic, antivirus
Co = with, co-wife, co-worker
Maternal brother -األم أخ الخال
9
Prefixes (add to the beginning of word to change the meaning)
Suffixes (add to the end of words to changes to put of speech, Grammatically)
Prefix Meaning ExampleDis Opposite (disagree, disappear)Ex Former (ex-wife, ex-president)Extra More than (extra time, extra ordinary)Mono One (mono culture)Multi Multi multi cultureNon without-not non sense, non-smokerSemi Half Semifinal, semiconscious نصف
واعيPost After PostponePre Before Prefix, predetermineSuper Over SuperintendTri Three Trinity التثليث, triangleHomo Same Homosexual, homogenousHyper Over hypermarket
Not: Negatives (in, il, im, ir)
Suffixes (noun) Using Exampleal The action or process of Trial, criminalance, ence State of quality Tolerance, attendance,
experiencedom - Freedom, kingdom, boredomer-or Person Interpreter, instructorism Belief Indianism, skepticism, racism,
socialism, capitalism, communism
ity - validityment - Commitment, argument,
establishmentsion, tion - Position, promotion, divisionness - Goodness, happiness, illness,
heavinessSuffixes (verb) Using Exampleate - Donate (donor), meditateen - Tighten, sharpenify, fy - Identify, satisfy, justifyise, ize - Recognize, publicize, generalize,
criticizeSuffixes (verb) Using Exampleable, ible - Comfortable, suitable,
incredibleal - Colonial استعماريesque - Picturesqueish - Childish
10
Stereotype نمطية bestow , يهب gift , يمنح Grant صورةيعطي
Associate ينسب
Ream حزمة Handful حفنة 5 idioms
- Carrot top جنجي- Souped up = to enhance something to make it special- Chicken جبان- Egg someone on = persuade someone to do something bad.- Piece of cake
Translate
in a speech to the UN General Assembly on Thursday, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas called on Britain to apologize for the 1917 Balfour Declaration.
"By the end of this year, 100 years will have passed since the Balfour Declaration. 70 years since the Nakba of the Palestinian people. And 50 years since Israel occupied the West Bank, including east Jerusalem and the Gaza strip," he said, adding that, "This Paved the way for the Nakba of the Palestinian people; their dispossession, their displacement from their land."
He went on to say, "We ask Great Britain, on this occasion of 100 years since this declaration... to bear its historic, legal, and moral responsibility for the results of this declaration, including an apology to the Palestinian people."
Abbas claimed that in part, as a result of the Balfour declaration, Israel "since 1948 has persisted in its contempt for international legitimacy" and seized more than the land additionally allotted for the Jewish state.
Info. about the Palestinian Prisoners
1976, 800000 were imprisoned, 20% of Palestine
10 hunger strike
6500 prisoners (334 from Gaza, 61 Women, 300 minors)
207 passed away inside the prison
2011, khader Adnan (66 days)
2016, Mohammed Qiq (97 days)
Deprive يَحرِم Torture تعذيب Held into لـ خضعوا Trial محاكمةCharge تهمة Sentence ُحكم Sentence death حكم
اإلعدامConducted أجريت
11
Launched Arbitrary treatment معاملةوحشية
Exposed يتعرض Suffocating خانق
Fascination يفتنوا Administration detentionإداري اعتقال
With/pro Against /con
Steadfast مرابط Hold عُقد Held عَقد Fade مبهمAmbiguous غامض Childhood طفولة Fast sleep عميق ثبات
Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
Ali plays football
Ali and Ahmed paly football
Ali plays and sings at the same time
Compound (FANBOYS)
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
I go to school and my sister goes to work
كامل معنى تعطي الجملتين كال
Full though, independent
Complex (connectors الربط أدوات (كل
Two sentences (dependent, independent)
After I had studied my lessons, I went to bed.
Kind of kind a~
Front of
Words
Factors عوامل Features مميزات Aspects جوانب End justifies meansJustifications مبررات Excision Influent مريش Solvent منتعشLoaded بالمال محمل Expose يتعرض Tackled تناولت Insolvent مفلسPenniless مفلس Bankrupt مفلس I'm broke مفلس Breadline الفقر خطUnder breadline
الفقر خط تحتPoverty line Gaze يُحدق The God Almighty
Grant = bestow يمنحيهب–
Copy استلم Tight خنق Tighten يخنق
Suffocate خانق Widen يوسع Large يوسع Dare يجرؤShorten يختصر Abbreviation اختصار Spontaneous =
randomHow come كيفاجت؟
Fast sleep ُسباتعميق
A little bit tough Flat relationships
12
Committing suicide in Gaza
1- Bad family relationships2- Financial reasons3- Addiction drugs4- Lack of spirituality5- Depression
How to think in English
Pauses and hesitations وتوقفات تردد
Over bin, head bin الطائرة في توضع التي السلة
Words about racism
Ethnic persecution Ethnic cleansing عرقي تطهير
Genocide إبادة Bigotry تعصب
Integration تكامل Monoculture ثقافةواحدة
1- Your need to know a lot of words in English االنجليزي باللغة األشياء احفظ2- Complete sentences الكلمات عن كاملة جمل تكون3- Functional English اللغة استخدم
Scene = view
Gaze = stare
Seen – مرئي مشهد
Indeed بالفعل
Kitchen and bathroom tools words
- Do you use it in the kitchen?
Pressure pan طنجرةالضغط
Salad servers للخضار القطاعة
Wood spoon ملعقةخشبية
Tea spoon ملعقةالشاي
Grater مبشرة Kettle غالية Strainer/Colander مصفاة
Spatula مغرفة
Ice tray Rolling pin (egg) beater Trash compactorPeeler مقشرة Garlic press Canister Spice rackWok Ladle Steamer StovePotholder Bender Cabinet BurnerBathroomWashroom = Pitcher Clogged مسدودة Sink مغسلة
13
restroomDrain Faucet إيدين
المغسلةToilet الكابانيه Toilet seat
Toilet lid غطايةالكباناية
Toilet bowl فتحةالكابانيه
Flush handle االيدللكبانيه
Toilet paper
Toilet paper holder Plunger شفاطة Shower head Shower valveScissors مقص Bath mat أرضية
الحمامBath towel منشفة Hand towel منشفة
ايدينWash cloth Towel rod حامل
المنشفةSoap dish Bath gel
Toothpaste Toothbrush holder Conditioner مرطب/ بلسم
Hairbrush
Comb مشط Tweezers ملقطحواجب
Nail file أظافر مبرد Nail clippers مقلمأظافر
Razor حالقة ماكنة Cotton balls كراتالقطن
Cotton swabs نكاشةقطنية
Cleaned/dirty
light switch
About Nakba 1948
On 15th May, 2017, 69 years of occupation, while Israel celebrates its independence , the Palestinian commemorate their Nakba.
Statistics
More the 800,000 Palestinian had emigrated in 1998. More than 1 million were arrested. 85% of Palestinian land had occupied. 48% of settlements were built on Palestinian Land. 774 village and town occupied and 531 destroyed. 70 massacre at least Israel had committed. 15000 Palestinian had killed by Israel.
New statistics
The refugee are 8,940,000, its about 66.8% of the total of Palestinian 12,700,000
There are 58 camps are registered in the UNRWA (19 west bank, 8 Gaza, 10 Jordan, 9 Syria, 12 Lebanon)
Exodus = expelled بالقوة طرد
Fled flee
Smuggle تهريب
Intact سليمة
Catastrophic = disastrous
14
Displaced هجروا
Diaspora
Massacre مجزرة
15
Superstations
Bad/Good Fortune or Luck
I'm lucky thank you for having me. : لي الستقبالكم ً شكرا المقابالت في تقال
Belief اعتقاد Faith Believe يؤمن Believer مؤمنNon-believer غيرمؤمن
Cruse يلعن Damn اللعنة Folklore = mythical خرافي
Jinx نحس Boost – تسريع تعزيز Omen /بشير نذير Gullible = weak minded
Superstitions خرفات Superstitious يؤمن الذي الشخصبالخرافات
To that extent
Adverb
Adverb: identify the verb
Types:
Type Example/ WordsAdverb of manner He opens the door carefully, quicklyAdverb of time Now, today, tomorrow, soon, recentlyAdverb of place Here, there, farAdverb of degree Very, extremely, too muchAdverb of certainty, confirmation
Surely, definitely, certainly, absolutely, exactly, honestly, probably
Adverb of negation NeverAdverb of comment Luckily happily, obviously, unfortunately, reallyAdverbs of frequency Usually, often, always…Adverbs of conjunctions Accordingly, however
Irregular adverbs
Daily, late, early, fast (it's also adjective)
Good (adj.), well (adv.)
The situation in Gaza is good.
I did my homework well.
Sentences and Words
I get some donations
The list is endless
16
Words
Dedicate suggest Worship عبادة Denouncement تنديدClash افتعال , deny=denounce Worth جدير Food insecurityPollution تلوث Interior الداخلية Interference تدخل Queue طابورQueue of death Reduction Early retirement Bread winner رب
األسرةRelieved = Relax Look stupid Tormenting Fretting غيظ
Daily life of Ramadan
Goodness خير
Family relations عائلية عالقات
Visiting relations زيارات
20 Aug. 2017
Prosper = development
Methods = ways Obey Obedience طاعة
Disobedience
Positive thoughts Issue Implement = carry out
Bread winner األسرة رب
Phd = philosophy of doctorate
Domestic = household
Advices
1- Feed your brain with positive thoughts2- Exert efforts3- Take a raw modal (copy them)4- Don't take action when you are nervous5- Feel grantable to good people in your life.
22 Aug. 2017
Figure out يكتشف Louder voice Nominal X verbalSolvent غني Insolvent
1- Always learn phrases2- Don't study grammar rules3- Use slang language
Stress: َشدّة
17
Nouns and adjectives stress first syllable
Verbs stress second syllable
الشدة تقبل ال كلمات
(Axularies, articles, determiners "some, any, much, few, little", prepositions, pronouns)
More info.Learn by youI am mistaken غلطوني أناHe/she mistakes meAfter for comes (ing or noun)
01 Oct. 2017
How to read fast?
1- read without sub vocalization2- use a pointer – index finger3- train your eyes to minimize movement4- skip small unimportant words5- scanning and skimming text6- practice – practice
Toe الرجل ابهام Thumb اليد ابهام Nails أظافرA must فريضة Ethnic cleansing تطهير
عرقيEthnic persecution اضطهاد عرقي
Came up خرجت Preserve يحافظ For a while برهةCanonizes كنعانيين Expose يتعرض Heritage التراثInherited يرث Embroidery تطريز Paraphrase صياغة إعادةCulture problem أخطاءثقافية
Note:
1- translation ترجمة (written "writing – reading)2- interpretation فورية (spoken "speaking – listening) ترجمة
03 Oct. 2017
Reconcile يصالح Reconciliation مصالحة
Ceasefire = truce
Political division Military level الصعيد علىالعسكري
18
Suffocate Resistance weapons
Deprived It's not a matter قضية ليست
Stuck عالق
Nightmare كابوس
Gloomy مظلم Farewell يودع Pessimistic Optimistic
19
08 Oct. 2017
Comprise = Include Convention = treaty = agreement = deal
Compliment = praise, i.e. all praise be to Allah
Tendency نزعة
Pigs خنزير Beg يتوسل Big /كبير ضخم Deceive /يضلل يخدعPhrases عبارات Idioms تعبيرات
اصطالحيةFret غيظ In vain ً منثورا هباءً
Miracle معجزة
Idioms
Lend my your ears استماعكم اعرونيMake my blood boil دمي فورتOn the tip of my tongue لساني طرف علىHe serves two master منافق – بوجهينTurn a new page صفحة لنفتح
جديدةGoodness is coming قادم الخيرI'm afraid the effort of no avail جدوى بالIn the cart محرج موقف فيClear as crystal ً جدا واضحAt one's fingertipsTo be the apple of someone eye
عينه قرة
Let's talk shop العمل عن لنتحدثHe can walk on water ساحرYou are flogging a dead horse تنادي لمن حياة الHe died in his boots يعمل وهو توفيI wish you break a leg حظ لك ان أتمنى
سعيدHeart and soul ً وقالبا ً قلباOn the horns of dilemma ) بيص ) حيص حائرIn cold blood اإلصرار سبق مع
والترصدTo the point القصد منتهىDo the best قصارى افعل
الجهد
Lexical problems
1- Homonymy: أخر معنى يعطي لكي الصوت such as hi, high or write, right نفس2- Polysemy: المعنى وتختلففي اإلمالء في تتفق such as spring, tender الكلمة3- Idioms: اصطالحية عبارات
20
The player hit the ball الكرة الالعب ضربThe man beat the boy الولد الرجل ضربSleep overtook him أذنيه على النوم ضربHe made him an appointment ً موعدا له ضربSet an example مثال اضرب
Hint: Tender gives different meaning ( للبيع يعرض عطاء، السن، (صغير
I got angry
He made me anger
He drives me into anger
He kept making me angry/ madness
Hint: it means كالتالي أخرى ترجمات شخصولها أو :إنهIt was difficult ً صعبا كان لقدIt's about 100 kilometers حوالي المسافة كيلومتر 600تبلغ
10 Oct. 2017
Geneva conventions: (a series of do "s" and don't "s"), contains 4 conventions, 3 protocols, and 179 articles
1- Wounded sick people during the war in the field2- Wounded sick people during the war at the sea3- Prisoners' rights4- Civilians
Civilians
Article 2: application of the convention
Article 2 states that signatories are bound by يقيد the convention both in war, armed conflicts where was has not been declared, and in an occupation of another country's territory.
In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peacetime, the present convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise ينشبbetween two or more of the high contracting parties, even if the state of was is not recognized by one of them.
The scope of article 2 is broad:
21
Although one of the powers in conflict may not be a party to the present convention, the powers who are parties there to shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations.
In the commentary to the article Jean Pictet writes:
They (conventions) are coming to be regarded less and less as contracts concluded on a basis of reciprocity in the national interest of the parties and more and more as solemn affirmation of principles respected for their own sake, a series of unconditional engagement on the part of each of the contracting parties 'vis-a-vis' the others.
Article 3: conflicts not of an international character
Article 3 states that even where there is not a conflict of international character, the parties must as a minimum adhere to minimal protections described as: non-combatants, members of armed forces who had laid down their arms, and combatants who are hors de combat (out of the fight) due to wounds, detention, or any other cause shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, with the following prohibitions:
a- Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation تشويه, cruel ;تعذيب treatment and torture وحشي
b- Taking of hostages رهائن;c- Outrages تشنيع upon personal dignity كرامة, in particular humiliating and degrading
treatment;d- The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous
judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted أعلنت court, affording all مشكلة the judicial قضائية guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by ضمانات civilized peoples.
Limitation treaty Armed التسلح من الحد اتفاقية
Resist = struggle Smuggle تهريب
Throne عرش Authority سلطة Such هذاFame x defame Bet رهان Bit قليلMystery غموض Mysterious غامض Exotic غريبHardly ًنادرا Suffer يعاني Hard صعبProblems Difficulties ObstaclesChallenges Strong (adj)
Strength (n)Strengthen (v)
Provoke يثير
Prepositions
Preposition Usage ExamplePreposition - Time
On Days of the week On MondayIn Months / seasons
Time of dayYear
An august / in winterIn the morningIn 2017
22
After a certain period of time (when?) In an hourAt For night
For weekendA certain point of time (When?)
At nightAt the weekendAt half past nine
Since From a certain point of time (past till now) Since 1990For Over a certain period of time (past till now) For 2 years
For a yearAgo A certain time in the past 2 years agoBefore Earlier than a certain point of time Before 2004To Telling the time Ten to six (05:50)Past Telling the time Ten past six (06:10)To/till/until Marking the beginning and end of a period of
timeFrom Monday to/till Friday
Till/ until In the sense of how long something is going to last
He is on holiday until Friday
By In the sense of at the latestUp to a certain time
I will be back by 6 o'clock.By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages
Prepositions - PlaceIn Room, building, street, town, country
Book, paper etc…Car, taxiPicture, world
In the kitchen, in PalestineIn the bookIn the car, in a taxiIn the picture, in the world
At Meaning next to, by an objectFor tableFor eventsPlace where you are to do something typical(watch a film, study, work)
At the door, at the stationAt the tableAt a concert, at the partyAt the cinema, at school, at work
On AttachedFor a place with a riverBeing on s surfaceFor a certain side (left, right)For a floor in a houseFor public transportFor television, radio
The picture on the wallLondon lies on the ThamesOn the tableOn the leftOn the first floorOn the bus, on a planeOn TV, on the radio
By, next to, beside
Left or right of somebody or something Safaa is standing by / next to / beside the car
Under On the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else
The bag is under the table
Below Lower than something else but above ground The fish are below the surface
over Covered by something elseMeaning more thanGetting to the other side (also cross)Overcoming an obstacle
Put a jacket over your shirtOver 16 years of ageWalk over the bridgeClimb over the wall
Above Higher than something else, but not directly over it
A path above the lake
Across Getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side
Walk across the bridgeSwim across the lake
Through Something with limits on top, bottom and the sides
Drive through the tunnel
23
To Movement to person of buildingMovement to a place or countryFor bed
Go to the cinemaGo to London / IrelandGo to bed
Into Enter a room / abuilding Go into the kitchen / the house
Towards Movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)
Go 5 steps towards the house
Onto Movement to the top of something Jump onto the tableFrom In the sense of where from A flower from the garden
Other important PrepositionsFrom Who gave it A present from SafaaOf Who/what does it belong to what does it show A page of the book
The picture of a palaceBy Who made it A book by Mark TwainOn Walking or riding on horseback
Entering a public transport vehicleOn foot, on horsebackGet on the bus
Expressions avoiding giving information
1- No comment2- I'm not at liberty to say3- Wait and see.4- Let me get back to you5- I'm sorry, that's confidential6- (sorry) that's personal7- I'd rather not talk about it8- Mind your own business9- I'll tell you when you are older.
10 expressions to use in speaking and writing in criticizing mistakes:
1- That wasn't very clever.2- What were you thinking of?3- I bet you wish you hadn't done that4- Why on Earth did you go and do that?5- You made a right mess of that6- I wouldn't do that again (in a hurry)7- Oops8- What a total disaster9- You put your foot in it (there)10- That was a bit uncalled for.
Asking for approval
24
1- Do you think it's all right to do it?2- What do you think about (me doing that)?3- Do you think/reckon I ought to (do it)?4- What would you say if I (did it)?5- What you approve of (doing something)?6- What is your attitude to the idea of…7- Are you in favour of (me doing something)? 8- You are in favour of… aren't you?9- Do you think anyone would mind if I…10- Would it be really awful if I…
10 expressions to use in speaking and writing:
1- As if!2- In your dreams!3- You wish!4- No chance!5- Not a chance!6- Not likely!7- Dream on!8- Never in a million years!9- You'll be lucky!10- Yes, and pigs might fly!
21/10/2017
20 (abbreviations)
Fleek = looking good
FOMO = Fear of missing out
Bae = a term of affection
ICYMI = In case you missed it
Deadout = tired
LMK = Let me know
RN= Right now Thirsty = looking for attention
NSFW = not safe for work
TxT= text
GR8 = Great M8 = mate BrB = Be Right Back
ROFL = Rolling on the flour laughing
BBZ = Babies
L8RZ = see you later
GTG = Got to go Enuf= enough TTYL = talk to you later
SMS = short message service
ACRONYM Abbreviate To ACRONYM Abbreviate ToMMW Mark My Words N/A Not Available/ApplicableNAN Not A Number NNTR No Need To ReplyNOOB N00B Newbie NOYB None Of Your BusinessNRN No Reply Necessary OMG Oh My GodOP Original Poster, Original Post OT Off TopicOTOH On The Other Hand PEBKAC Problem Exists Between
Keyboard And Chair
25
ACRONYM Abbreviate To ACRONYM Abbreviate ToPOV Point Of View ROTFL Folling On The Floor
LaughingRSVP Resondez S'il Vous Plait (French:
Please Reply)RTFM Read The Fine Manual
SCNR Sorry, Count Not Resist SFLR Sorry, For Late ReplySPOC Single Point Of Contact TBA To Be AnnounceTBC To Be Contioued/ To Be Confirmed TIA Thanks In AdvanceTGIF Thanks God, Its Friday THX TNX ThanksTQ Thank You TYVM Thank You Very MuchTYT Take Your Time TTYL Talk To You LaterW00T Whoomp, There It Is; Meaning
"Hooray"WFM Works For Me
WRT With Regard To WTH What The Hell / What The Heck
ICYMI In Case You Missed It YMMD You Made Me DayYMMV Your Mileage May Vary YAM Yet Another Meeting
24/10/2017
Slang language
Smackers مفقود Quid = nicker استرليني جنيه
Buck = dollar = greenback
That's ace = great = that's bona = bad
Aggro عدواني
Barbie = حفلشواء
Cabbage Cancer stick سيجارة
Introvert Chill out = relax
Choppers = teeth
Dead = extremely
Deceive = fib Emo = shy Erk
Grave yard hours = (---- at night)
Balfour Declaration
Self determinationالمصير تقرير
Secularism علمانية Inhabit يسكن Inhabitant ساكن
Fate = destiny Alas لألسف Deprive يَحرم Issuing إصدارNaïve فطرة Crusade = pope البابا Deception Bide by بـ تلتزم
Criticize the Balfour Declaration
1- The Britain the prince of the secularism world, so how it gives holy land to political group?
2- How the Britain's send who is loving to other place.3- British believes in self-determination.4- 5% of Jews were in Palestine, even 12 million around the world?!
26
To watch a video, click here
How to write press release
5 Tips, click here to know more about it
07 Nov. 2017
Expressions
1- I'm (really) worried about (the future) or I'm worried that (I won't have a new viza)2- I'm afraid that, I'm scared to deal that3- I can't help thinking, I can't stop thinking4- It's been keeping me awake/up at night5- What if6- Phew/whew = التنهيدة7- Thank God! Thank goodness8- You had me worried there. You had me worried for a moment.9- You have no idea what a relief it is to…10- That's a (huge) load/weight off my mind
Type of questions
Question: is a requirement of information
1- (close questions "Yes/No" using verbs of Do, Have, Be), i.e. Do you have your breakfast?
2- (wh questions)
Steps to make a question:
1- (wh)2- Helping verb (present "do, does", past simple "did")3- Subject
Hints:
After who/whom comes the verb directly (who cares(v) about you?!)
Wh Meaning Usage ExampleWhat ماذا Information What will you be in the future?
What were things that disturbed you?Who/whom من Persons Who goes to the beach?Which أي Something among things Which country do you love?Why السبب Reason Why are you doing that?When الوقت Time When did you go?Where المكان Place Where were your projects
implemented?Whose لمن possessive Whose this book is?
27
Wh Meaning Usage Example) الملكية) Whose is this book?
Whose the choice is today?(for the strongest)
How much كام Quantity How much budget is going to be?How many كام Quantity How many dollars you will pay?
Dedicate يخصص
Impose his excellency
Spirit of excellency
It has to do
14 Nov. 2017
Embrace – يحتضناستيعاب
Embarrassment احراج
I owe you لك ممنون Violated انتهاك
No pain no gain
Modals
Shall = will
Should (advice, duty)
Can, Could (ability)
Might (30%), May (50%) (probability)
Must (obligations, rules, instructions)
Ought to = have to (less common)
Have to بالمضارع عليك ينبغي
Had to بالماضي عليك ينبغي كان
Reported Speech
1- Subject+ (say/said)+ (that) + (complete the sentence)2- Subject+ asked+ Subject+("if" in yes/ no question) + (complete the sentence),
Example: She asked my where my book was?
28
I He, sheMy His, herWe TheyOur TheirPresent Past ( أنواعه (بكلPast Past perfectNow ThenHere ThereLast night The night beforeTomorrow The following day
The prime minister say: "The citizen in Gaza can travel at the mid of this month" (Make reported speech)
The prime minister said that the citizen in Gaza could travel at the mid of that month"
Passive voice in news
1- Object2- Singular/plural3- The tense
a. Present simple (am, is, are) + Past Participle b. Past simple (was, were) + P.Pc. Present continues (am, is, are) + being + P.Pd. Past continues (was, were) + being + P.Pe. Present perfect (have, has) + been + P.Pf. Past perfect had + been + P.Pg. Future simple Modal verbs (will, would, may, must, shall) + be + P.P
4- By doer
Examples
1- Ali eat an apple An apple is eaten by Ali2- Ale ate an apple An apple was eaten by Ali3- Ali is eating an apple An Apple is being eaten by Ali
Note:
Past Participle ( مفعول (اسم
Present participle ( فاعل (اسم
In news, use the present perfect tense with passive voice)
29
The word is spoken was irrelevant : محلها في ليست حكيتها اللي الكلمة
30