English Language Course

General Info.

عامة معلومات

As well تلفظ as wa ً أيضا معناها الجملة نهاية في توضع وهي

I speak English an(d) Arabic

LOL: Lough Out Loud

I wish you to get better/recovery ) سالمتك ) مثل له يقال مريض زيارة عند

You know عارف إنت ماLike زيGentleman agreement رجال كالمSlang English (Informal) عاميStandard English (Formal) فصحىI am going I'm gonna, I'm naHey نداء أداةCan Kn اللفظHandcuffs كلبشاتCan't CannaWant WannaDon't DunnaAren't Ain'tLet me get off here please يعني السيارة من تنزل بدك لو

تترجل" "Shall not ShannaHave got GottaI have I'veWe are We'reDid you Didja اللفظWould you Would ja اللفظDifferent الـ تقرأ ي i ديفرنت أنها وكFamily فامِلSupposed خفيفة االس تقرأConvoy قافلةPresent هديةGift من – ) مستوى أقل منه هبه

هدية(

Greetings التحيات

Formal InformalHow do you do?

Fine, I'm okey, I'm doing wellHi, Hello

Nice to meet you What's upWelcome for you Have a nice meal, breakfast, day, weekend,

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Formal Informaland so on… وعافية صحة

Good morning, afternoon, evening How are you doing?What's your name?How are you?

When you leave?

Take care, see you ( تلفظ سيا ) See you later ( تلفظ سيوليدر ) Good luck Have a nice day Good bye ( بي جود (تلفظ

Auxiliaries Aux.

مساعدة أفعال

Verbs to be يكونAm يكون Was كان (Past Participle) مفعول اسم

Been كونيIs يكون Was كانAre يكونوا Were كانوا

: الحليب الولد يشرب فعلية الجملة العربية اللغة في : الحليب يشرب الولد اسمية فهي االنجليزي اللغة في أما

It is here) ( : طالب هو مثل فعل بها يوجد ال قد العربية الجملة ً جدا مهمة مالحظة

إضافة ) على (am, is, areنعمل

Examples:

He is a student

Am I Palestinian?

Are you Palestinian?

He is an activist (is here is main verb)

He is writing a story (helping verb) فعل يكون أن على االسم تساعد

You تأخذ were

I was student

Were you student?

He is a foreign أجنبي هو

He was not in Gaza at war الحرب في بغزة يكن لم هو

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We are Palestine side by side (Shoulder by shoulder) جنب إلى ً جنبا فلسطينيين نحن

He was a student طالب كان هو

Was he at school? بالمدرسة كان هو هل

Nagging إلحاح

Verbs to do /يفعل يعملDo يعملوا Did عمل Done معمولDoes يعمل

She didn't do party yesterday

أساسي فعل بعدها يأتي أن يجب النفي في

He does his duties

Does he do his duties?

Verbs to have / / يتناول/ عنده يملك لديهHave يملك Had امتلك Had مملوكHas

(a, e, i, u, o)

I haven't a class

I have no class

I don't have a class

She has a class

She has no class

She doesn't have a class

فقطب االنجليزي اللغة في االختراع فقطفي( – do, does, didكلمات )3يجوزالسؤال + النفي

Ali has a car (main verb)

Ali has written a story (helping verb)

Written مكتوب تعني

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Has written كتب

Go ahead كمل تفضل

Go to hell الجحيم إلى اذهب

Heaven السماء

Paradise الفردوس

Jannah الجنة

Meals Words

Have a nice meal وعافية صحة Hungry جوعان Hunger جوع Hunger strike عن إضرابالطعام

I'm full شبعان Fried مقلي Boiled مسلوق

Grilled مشوي

Ripe, ripeness نضوج Eggplant باذنجان Scurf كوفية Taboo عيبBeef burger Lamb burger

ضأن برجرToast خبزمحمص

Paper فلفل

Species بهارات Bread خبز Thyme زعتر Yogurt لبنHoney عسل Garlic ثوم Onion بصل Oil زيتOlive oil زيتون زيت Jam مربى Raw نيء Uncooked مطبوخ غيرCereal حبوب Corn flakes

الذرة رقائقChips رقائق Carob خروب

Salad سلطة Carrots جزر Parsley بقدونس

Cucumber محشي

Salt ملح Salty مالح Okra بامية Spanish سبانخCabbage ملفوف Stuff محشي Delicious

لذيذPizza بيتزا

Tasty لذيذ Un tasty لذيذ غير Disgusting مقرف

Cola غازي مشروب

Food طعام Feed يطعم Breakfast إفطار

Lunch غذاء

Dinner عشاء Supper عشاءمتأخر

Pasta معكرونة

Pastry معجنات

Appetizers مقبالت Up side down مقلوبة

See food Feed food

Administrative detention اعتقالإداري

Oh honey عزيزي يا Prohibited محرم

Flesh لحماإلنسان

Forbidden ممنوع Like يعجب Love يحب Fond of مغرمب

Crazy ب مولع Bean فول Peas بازيالء Desserts = sweets

Pan قطايف Ripen فواكه Decor زخرفة Bank مؤسسة

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) نضج ) وخضار ماليةExample: I love Maftoul, I like the grilled chicken and lamb meat as well, but I don't like Misaqaa.

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Idioms

Egghead = clever = smart

Air head X Egghead

Chicken feed قليل راتب

Chicken = جبان

Present Simple

We suffer in Gaza

We have suffering in Gaza

He lives in Gaza

He doesn’t live in Gaza

I recite versus from the holy Qur'an

We live but we don't live عايشين ومش عايشين احنا

It depends on the situation

Words:

Pray /يدعو يصلي Prayer صالة Dawn فجر Recite يتلوVerses آيات Chapter جزء Holy Qur'an

الشريف المصحفSiege – سياج حصار

Closure إغالق Blockade حصار Dependent ُمعال Independent ُمعيل

Note:

C i,e,y سي تلفظ

C ذلك دون ما ك تلفظ

g i,e,y ج تلفظ

g قه تلفظ

It's the right to live freely حر بشكل نحيا أن الحق إنه

Free صفة وهي حر تعني

Freely حال وهي ً حرا تعني

Note: since and for

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For بعدها a "singular"… a month, or s "plural" 3 years يأتي

Since ذلك دون ما

I haven't visited Cairo since when I met him.

Pronouns

Subject pronoun الفاعل ضمائر

Object pronoun محل تحل

به المفعول

Possessive pronouns ضمائر نوعان وهي الملكية Demonstrative

pronouns ضمائر تأتي االشارة أسماء

به ومفعول فاعلUsed alone وحيدة تستخدم

Modify noun باسم معرفة

I أنا Me Mine لي My أنا This ) قريب ) مفرد هذاThat ) بعيد ) مفرد ذلكThese ( جمع هؤالءقريب(Those ) بعيد ) جمع أولئك

He هو Him His له His هوShe هي Her Hers لها Her هيIt / هي هو إنه، It /لغير هي هو

العاقل- Its /لغير هو هي

العاقلThey هم Them هم Theirs لهم Their هُمWe نحن Us نحن Ours لنا Our نحنYou / أنتم/ أنِت أنت You Yours

/ لكم/ لِك لكYour

/ أنتم/ أنِت أنت

Used alone تستخدم وحيدةاسم بعدها يأتي ال منفصل ضمير

Palestine is ours لنا فلسطينThis is his له هذاThis pen is his له القلم هذاThis is ours not yours لكم وليس لنا هذا

Modify noun باسم معرفةاسم بعدها يأتي متصل ضمير

Palestine is our country دولتنا فلسطينThis is his pen قلمه هذاThis is my book ) الضمير ) + ي االسم كتابي هذا

Examples

He invited me دعاني هوThey invited them دعوهم همWe invited you نحن

دعوناكم/ دعوناكI and you are one/alike أنا

/ بعض متل واحد وأنت

This is me أنا هذاThese are bothers هؤالءأخوتيAre those Palestinian أولئكفلسطينيينWe were them, and they were us وهُم هُم، كنا نحن

نحن كانوا

Words

Press release Accuse يتهم Complaint شكوى DenouncedStatement بيان Criticize ينتقد Complaint يشكي AnxiousBlame يلوم Concern Deny Condom

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Worry Dissatisfy Dissatisfactory Exile /نفي إبعادOn behave بالنيابةعن

Coffin = wooden box جثمانه وارى

Cry upon him بكواعليه

Cloth قماش

Burry يدفن Body جثة God bless his soul Sorrow باألسفFuneral جنازة Mourning Commit يرتكب Commit Suicide ينتحرPay compliment Make compliment Interrupt مقاطعة

الحوارBoycott مقاطعةبضائع

Martyr شهيد Martyrdom شهادة Carry out = implement

Crime جريمة

Trace يتعقب Evidence األثر Horrible crime TerriblePainful Tearful Aggressive OppressiveCatastrophic مصيب Disaster كارثة Lament يندب Murderer = killer

It's a real violation in human rights and international laws.

Pass away = dead = sleep with fish = die = kick the bucket = buy a farm = مات

Controversial issue, argument issue جدالية قضية

I'm with = الرأي موافقة عن للتعبير تستخدم

Or I'm pro,

I'm against, I'm con, الضد عن للتعبير تستخدم

Toothless Fruitless Is getting worse BloodshedRefugees Victims Homeless InjuriesOrphans Arrested For the sake of ألجل Liberation

I'm afraid to be flagged as terrorist

To express on your OpinionIn my point of view Well I think I guessIn my opinion

Words

Seek for For the sake of Spiky شائك Bullying بلطجةPersuasive = convincible

Change corruptive regime

Fall down the throne العرش

Break out يندلع

Keep nagging I left a page Perspective towards Take place = occur = happen

Vital حيوي Fatal فتاك Out of the context Sponsorships كفاالت

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النص خارج

Two ways to show your complaint

Polite Rude

Can I get refund فلوسي ترجع ممكن

I'm not satisfy/happy

I criticize------

Get me the manager المدير هاتولي

Protest

Tighten

Peace be upon him السالم عليه

Peace be upon you السالم عليك

Undrinkable water للشرب صالحة غير مياه

Words

Gripe Object يعترض Moan, Gaza is moan تأن غزة

Agony, agonizing يتعذب

Create a fuss عملفوضى

Make a scene Kick up a storm Protest out load

Cause a commotion Arrival ذهاب Departure إياب Green back الدوالرIntonation, pronunciation

Tone = note of a word

Rhythm Backbite gossip غيبة

Jealous غيران Envious حسود Envy حسد Stabbing طعنResentful حقود Suppress your fear

by facing it اقمعبمواجهته الخوف

Conspiracy مؤامرة Reduction of salary الرواتب تقليص

Affixes زيادات

Either – or – أو إما Neither – nor وال ال Manipulation of language مع التالعباللغة

BC: before Christ Root جذور Ante=before قبلAntedate, anteroom

Anti = against, antibiotic, antivirus

Co = with, co-wife, co-worker

Maternal brother -األم أخ الخال

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Prefixes (add to the beginning of word to change the meaning)

Suffixes (add to the end of words to changes to put of speech, Grammatically)

Prefix Meaning ExampleDis Opposite (disagree, disappear)Ex Former (ex-wife, ex-president)Extra More than (extra time, extra ordinary)Mono One (mono culture)Multi Multi multi cultureNon without-not non sense, non-smokerSemi Half Semifinal, semiconscious نصف

واعيPost After PostponePre Before Prefix, predetermineSuper Over SuperintendTri Three Trinity التثليث, triangleHomo Same Homosexual, homogenousHyper Over hypermarket

Not: Negatives (in, il, im, ir)

Suffixes (noun) Using Exampleal The action or process of Trial, criminalance, ence State of quality Tolerance, attendance,

experiencedom - Freedom, kingdom, boredomer-or Person Interpreter, instructorism Belief Indianism, skepticism, racism,

socialism, capitalism, communism

ity - validityment - Commitment, argument,

establishmentsion, tion - Position, promotion, divisionness - Goodness, happiness, illness,

heavinessSuffixes (verb) Using Exampleate - Donate (donor), meditateen - Tighten, sharpenify, fy - Identify, satisfy, justifyise, ize - Recognize, publicize, generalize,

criticizeSuffixes (verb) Using Exampleable, ible - Comfortable, suitable,

incredibleal - Colonial استعماريesque - Picturesqueish - Childish

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Stereotype نمطية bestow , يهب gift , يمنح Grant صورةيعطي

Associate ينسب

Ream حزمة Handful حفنة 5 idioms

- Carrot top جنجي- Souped up = to enhance something to make it special- Chicken جبان- Egg someone on = persuade someone to do something bad.- Piece of cake

Translate

in a speech to the UN General Assembly on Thursday, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas called on Britain to apologize for the 1917 Balfour Declaration.

"By the end of this year, 100 years will have passed since the Balfour Declaration. 70 years since the Nakba of the Palestinian people. And 50 years since Israel occupied the West Bank, including east Jerusalem and the Gaza strip," he said, adding that, "This Paved the way for the Nakba of the Palestinian people; their dispossession, their displacement from their land."

He went on to say, "We ask Great Britain, on this occasion of 100 years since this declaration... to bear its historic, legal, and moral responsibility for the results of this declaration, including an apology to the Palestinian people."

Abbas claimed that in part, as a result of the Balfour declaration, Israel "since 1948 has persisted in its contempt for international legitimacy" and seized more than the land additionally allotted for the Jewish state.

Info. about the Palestinian Prisoners

1976, 800000 were imprisoned, 20% of Palestine

10 hunger strike

6500 prisoners (334 from Gaza, 61 Women, 300 minors)

207 passed away inside the prison

2011, khader Adnan (66 days)

2016, Mohammed Qiq (97 days)

Deprive يَحرِم Torture تعذيب Held into لـ خضعوا Trial محاكمةCharge تهمة Sentence ُحكم Sentence death حكم

اإلعدامConducted أجريت

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Launched Arbitrary treatment معاملةوحشية

Exposed يتعرض Suffocating خانق

Fascination يفتنوا Administration detentionإداري اعتقال

With/pro Against /con

Steadfast مرابط Hold عُقد Held عَقد Fade مبهمAmbiguous غامض Childhood طفولة Fast sleep عميق ثبات

Types of Sentences

Simple sentence

Ali plays football

Ali and Ahmed paly football

Ali plays and sings at the same time

Compound (FANBOYS)

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

I go to school and my sister goes to work

كامل معنى تعطي الجملتين كال

Full though, independent

Complex (connectors الربط أدوات (كل

Two sentences (dependent, independent)

After I had studied my lessons, I went to bed.

Kind of kind a~

Front of

Words

Factors عوامل Features مميزات Aspects جوانب End justifies meansJustifications مبررات Excision Influent مريش Solvent منتعشLoaded بالمال محمل Expose يتعرض Tackled تناولت Insolvent مفلسPenniless مفلس Bankrupt مفلس I'm broke مفلس Breadline الفقر خطUnder breadline

الفقر خط تحتPoverty line Gaze يُحدق The God Almighty

Grant = bestow يمنحيهب–

Copy استلم Tight خنق Tighten يخنق

Suffocate خانق Widen يوسع Large يوسع Dare يجرؤShorten يختصر Abbreviation اختصار Spontaneous =

randomHow come كيفاجت؟

Fast sleep ُسباتعميق

A little bit tough Flat relationships

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Committing suicide in Gaza

1- Bad family relationships2- Financial reasons3- Addiction drugs4- Lack of spirituality5- Depression

How to think in English

Pauses and hesitations وتوقفات تردد

Over bin, head bin الطائرة في توضع التي السلة

Words about racism

Ethnic persecution Ethnic cleansing عرقي تطهير

Genocide إبادة Bigotry تعصب

Integration تكامل Monoculture ثقافةواحدة

1- Your need to know a lot of words in English االنجليزي باللغة األشياء احفظ2- Complete sentences الكلمات عن كاملة جمل تكون3- Functional English اللغة استخدم

Scene = view

Gaze = stare

Seen – مرئي مشهد

Indeed بالفعل

Kitchen and bathroom tools words

- Do you use it in the kitchen?

Pressure pan طنجرةالضغط

Salad servers للخضار القطاعة

Wood spoon ملعقةخشبية

Tea spoon ملعقةالشاي

Grater مبشرة Kettle غالية Strainer/Colander مصفاة

Spatula مغرفة

Ice tray Rolling pin (egg) beater Trash compactorPeeler مقشرة Garlic press Canister Spice rackWok Ladle Steamer StovePotholder Bender Cabinet BurnerBathroomWashroom = Pitcher Clogged مسدودة Sink مغسلة

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restroomDrain Faucet إيدين

المغسلةToilet الكابانيه Toilet seat

Toilet lid غطايةالكباناية

Toilet bowl فتحةالكابانيه

Flush handle االيدللكبانيه

Toilet paper

Toilet paper holder Plunger شفاطة Shower head Shower valveScissors مقص Bath mat أرضية

الحمامBath towel منشفة Hand towel منشفة

ايدينWash cloth Towel rod حامل

المنشفةSoap dish Bath gel

Toothpaste Toothbrush holder Conditioner مرطب/ بلسم

Hairbrush

Comb مشط Tweezers ملقطحواجب

Nail file أظافر مبرد Nail clippers مقلمأظافر

Razor حالقة ماكنة Cotton balls كراتالقطن

Cotton swabs نكاشةقطنية

Cleaned/dirty

light switch

About Nakba 1948

On 15th May, 2017, 69 years of occupation, while Israel celebrates its independence , the Palestinian commemorate their Nakba.

Statistics

More the 800,000 Palestinian had emigrated in 1998. More than 1 million were arrested. 85% of Palestinian land had occupied. 48% of settlements were built on Palestinian Land. 774 village and town occupied and 531 destroyed. 70 massacre at least Israel had committed. 15000 Palestinian had killed by Israel.

New statistics

The refugee are 8,940,000, its about 66.8% of the total of Palestinian 12,700,000

There are 58 camps are registered in the UNRWA (19 west bank, 8 Gaza, 10 Jordan, 9 Syria, 12 Lebanon)

Exodus = expelled بالقوة طرد

Fled flee

Smuggle تهريب

Intact سليمة

Catastrophic = disastrous

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Displaced هجروا

Diaspora

Massacre مجزرة

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Superstations

Bad/Good Fortune or Luck

I'm lucky thank you for having me. : لي الستقبالكم ً شكرا المقابالت في تقال

Belief اعتقاد Faith Believe يؤمن Believer مؤمنNon-believer غيرمؤمن

Cruse يلعن Damn اللعنة Folklore = mythical خرافي

Jinx نحس Boost – تسريع تعزيز Omen /بشير نذير Gullible = weak minded

Superstitions خرفات Superstitious يؤمن الذي الشخصبالخرافات

To that extent

Adverb

Adverb: identify the verb

Types:

Type Example/ WordsAdverb of manner He opens the door carefully, quicklyAdverb of time Now, today, tomorrow, soon, recentlyAdverb of place Here, there, farAdverb of degree Very, extremely, too muchAdverb of certainty, confirmation

Surely, definitely, certainly, absolutely, exactly, honestly, probably

Adverb of negation NeverAdverb of comment Luckily happily, obviously, unfortunately, reallyAdverbs of frequency Usually, often, always…Adverbs of conjunctions Accordingly, however

Irregular adverbs

Daily, late, early, fast (it's also adjective)

Good (adj.), well (adv.)

The situation in Gaza is good.

I did my homework well.

Sentences and Words

I get some donations

The list is endless

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Words

Dedicate suggest Worship عبادة Denouncement تنديدClash افتعال , deny=denounce Worth جدير Food insecurityPollution تلوث Interior الداخلية Interference تدخل Queue طابورQueue of death Reduction Early retirement Bread winner رب

األسرةRelieved = Relax Look stupid Tormenting Fretting غيظ

Daily life of Ramadan

Goodness خير

Family relations عائلية عالقات

Visiting relations زيارات

20 Aug. 2017

Prosper = development

Methods = ways Obey Obedience طاعة

Disobedience

Positive thoughts Issue Implement = carry out

Bread winner األسرة رب

Phd = philosophy of doctorate

Domestic = household

Advices

1- Feed your brain with positive thoughts2- Exert efforts3- Take a raw modal (copy them)4- Don't take action when you are nervous5- Feel grantable to good people in your life.

22 Aug. 2017

Figure out يكتشف Louder voice Nominal X verbalSolvent غني Insolvent

1- Always learn phrases2- Don't study grammar rules3- Use slang language

Stress: َشدّة

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Nouns and adjectives stress first syllable

Verbs stress second syllable

الشدة تقبل ال كلمات

(Axularies, articles, determiners "some, any, much, few, little", prepositions, pronouns)

More info.Learn by youI am mistaken غلطوني أناHe/she mistakes meAfter for comes (ing or noun)

01 Oct. 2017

How to read fast?

1- read without sub vocalization2- use a pointer – index finger3- train your eyes to minimize movement4- skip small unimportant words5- scanning and skimming text6- practice – practice

Toe الرجل ابهام Thumb اليد ابهام Nails أظافرA must فريضة Ethnic cleansing تطهير

عرقيEthnic persecution اضطهاد عرقي

Came up خرجت Preserve يحافظ For a while برهةCanonizes كنعانيين Expose يتعرض Heritage التراثInherited يرث Embroidery تطريز Paraphrase صياغة إعادةCulture problem أخطاءثقافية

Note:

1- translation ترجمة (written "writing – reading)2- interpretation فورية (spoken "speaking – listening) ترجمة

03 Oct. 2017

Reconcile يصالح Reconciliation مصالحة

Ceasefire = truce

Political division Military level الصعيد علىالعسكري

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Suffocate Resistance weapons

Deprived It's not a matter قضية ليست

Stuck عالق

Nightmare كابوس

Gloomy مظلم Farewell يودع Pessimistic Optimistic

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08 Oct. 2017

Comprise = Include Convention = treaty = agreement = deal

Compliment = praise, i.e. all praise be to Allah

Tendency نزعة

Pigs خنزير Beg يتوسل Big /كبير ضخم Deceive /يضلل يخدعPhrases عبارات Idioms تعبيرات

اصطالحيةFret غيظ In vain ً منثورا هباءً

Miracle معجزة

Idioms

Lend my your ears استماعكم اعرونيMake my blood boil دمي فورتOn the tip of my tongue لساني طرف علىHe serves two master منافق – بوجهينTurn a new page صفحة لنفتح

جديدةGoodness is coming قادم الخيرI'm afraid the effort of no avail جدوى بالIn the cart محرج موقف فيClear as crystal ً جدا واضحAt one's fingertipsTo be the apple of someone eye

عينه قرة

Let's talk shop العمل عن لنتحدثHe can walk on water ساحرYou are flogging a dead horse تنادي لمن حياة الHe died in his boots يعمل وهو توفيI wish you break a leg حظ لك ان أتمنى

سعيدHeart and soul ً وقالبا ً قلباOn the horns of dilemma ) بيص ) حيص حائرIn cold blood اإلصرار سبق مع

والترصدTo the point القصد منتهىDo the best قصارى افعل

الجهد

Lexical problems

1- Homonymy: أخر معنى يعطي لكي الصوت such as hi, high or write, right نفس2- Polysemy: المعنى وتختلففي اإلمالء في تتفق such as spring, tender الكلمة3- Idioms: اصطالحية عبارات

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The player hit the ball الكرة الالعب ضربThe man beat the boy الولد الرجل ضربSleep overtook him أذنيه على النوم ضربHe made him an appointment ً موعدا له ضربSet an example مثال اضرب

Hint: Tender gives different meaning ( للبيع يعرض عطاء، السن، (صغير

I got angry

He made me anger

He drives me into anger

He kept making me angry/ madness

Hint: it means كالتالي أخرى ترجمات شخصولها أو :إنهIt was difficult ً صعبا كان لقدIt's about 100 kilometers حوالي المسافة كيلومتر 600تبلغ

10 Oct. 2017

Geneva conventions: (a series of do "s" and don't "s"), contains 4 conventions, 3 protocols, and 179 articles

1- Wounded sick people during the war in the field2- Wounded sick people during the war at the sea3- Prisoners' rights4- Civilians

Civilians

Article 2: application of the convention

Article 2 states that signatories are bound by يقيد the convention both in war, armed conflicts where was has not been declared, and in an occupation of another country's territory.

In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peacetime, the present convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise ينشبbetween two or more of the high contracting parties, even if the state of was is not recognized by one of them.

The scope of article 2 is broad:

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Although one of the powers in conflict may not be a party to the present convention, the powers who are parties there to shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations.

In the commentary to the article Jean Pictet writes:

They (conventions) are coming to be regarded less and less as contracts concluded on a basis of reciprocity in the national interest of the parties and more and more as solemn affirmation of principles respected for their own sake, a series of unconditional engagement on the part of each of the contracting parties 'vis-a-vis' the others.

Article 3: conflicts not of an international character

Article 3 states that even where there is not a conflict of international character, the parties must as a minimum adhere to minimal protections described as: non-combatants, members of armed forces who had laid down their arms, and combatants who are hors de combat (out of the fight) due to wounds, detention, or any other cause shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, with the following prohibitions:

a- Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation تشويه, cruel ;تعذيب treatment and torture وحشي

b- Taking of hostages رهائن;c- Outrages تشنيع upon personal dignity كرامة, in particular humiliating and degrading

treatment;d- The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous

judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted أعلنت court, affording all مشكلة the judicial قضائية guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by ضمانات civilized peoples.

Limitation treaty Armed التسلح من الحد اتفاقية

Resist = struggle Smuggle تهريب

Throne عرش Authority سلطة Such هذاFame x defame Bet رهان Bit قليلMystery غموض Mysterious غامض Exotic غريبHardly ًنادرا Suffer يعاني Hard صعبProblems Difficulties ObstaclesChallenges Strong (adj)

Strength (n)Strengthen (v)

Provoke يثير

Prepositions

Preposition Usage ExamplePreposition - Time

On Days of the week On MondayIn Months / seasons

Time of dayYear

An august / in winterIn the morningIn 2017

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After a certain period of time (when?) In an hourAt For night

For weekendA certain point of time (When?)

At nightAt the weekendAt half past nine

Since From a certain point of time (past till now) Since 1990For Over a certain period of time (past till now) For 2 years

For a yearAgo A certain time in the past 2 years agoBefore Earlier than a certain point of time Before 2004To Telling the time Ten to six (05:50)Past Telling the time Ten past six (06:10)To/till/until Marking the beginning and end of a period of

timeFrom Monday to/till Friday

Till/ until In the sense of how long something is going to last

He is on holiday until Friday

By In the sense of at the latestUp to a certain time

I will be back by 6 o'clock.By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages

Prepositions - PlaceIn Room, building, street, town, country

Book, paper etc…Car, taxiPicture, world

In the kitchen, in PalestineIn the bookIn the car, in a taxiIn the picture, in the world

At Meaning next to, by an objectFor tableFor eventsPlace where you are to do something typical(watch a film, study, work)

At the door, at the stationAt the tableAt a concert, at the partyAt the cinema, at school, at work

On AttachedFor a place with a riverBeing on s surfaceFor a certain side (left, right)For a floor in a houseFor public transportFor television, radio

The picture on the wallLondon lies on the ThamesOn the tableOn the leftOn the first floorOn the bus, on a planeOn TV, on the radio

By, next to, beside

Left or right of somebody or something Safaa is standing by / next to / beside the car

Under On the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else

The bag is under the table

Below Lower than something else but above ground The fish are below the surface

over Covered by something elseMeaning more thanGetting to the other side (also cross)Overcoming an obstacle

Put a jacket over your shirtOver 16 years of ageWalk over the bridgeClimb over the wall

Above Higher than something else, but not directly over it

A path above the lake

Across Getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side

Walk across the bridgeSwim across the lake

Through Something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

Drive through the tunnel

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To Movement to person of buildingMovement to a place or countryFor bed

Go to the cinemaGo to London / IrelandGo to bed

Into Enter a room / abuilding Go into the kitchen / the house

Towards Movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

Go 5 steps towards the house

Onto Movement to the top of something Jump onto the tableFrom In the sense of where from A flower from the garden

Other important PrepositionsFrom Who gave it A present from SafaaOf Who/what does it belong to what does it show A page of the book

The picture of a palaceBy Who made it A book by Mark TwainOn Walking or riding on horseback

Entering a public transport vehicleOn foot, on horsebackGet on the bus

Expressions avoiding giving information

1- No comment2- I'm not at liberty to say3- Wait and see.4- Let me get back to you5- I'm sorry, that's confidential6- (sorry) that's personal7- I'd rather not talk about it8- Mind your own business9- I'll tell you when you are older.

10 expressions to use in speaking and writing in criticizing mistakes:

1- That wasn't very clever.2- What were you thinking of?3- I bet you wish you hadn't done that4- Why on Earth did you go and do that?5- You made a right mess of that6- I wouldn't do that again (in a hurry)7- Oops8- What a total disaster9- You put your foot in it (there)10- That was a bit uncalled for.

Asking for approval

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1- Do you think it's all right to do it?2- What do you think about (me doing that)?3- Do you think/reckon I ought to (do it)?4- What would you say if I (did it)?5- What you approve of (doing something)?6- What is your attitude to the idea of…7- Are you in favour of (me doing something)? 8- You are in favour of… aren't you?9- Do you think anyone would mind if I…10- Would it be really awful if I…

10 expressions to use in speaking and writing:

1- As if!2- In your dreams!3- You wish!4- No chance!5- Not a chance!6- Not likely!7- Dream on!8- Never in a million years!9- You'll be lucky!10- Yes, and pigs might fly!

21/10/2017

20 (abbreviations)

Fleek = looking good

FOMO = Fear of missing out

Bae = a term of affection

ICYMI = In case you missed it

Deadout = tired

LMK = Let me know

RN= Right now Thirsty = looking for attention

NSFW = not safe for work

TxT= text

GR8 = Great M8 = mate BrB = Be Right Back

ROFL = Rolling on the flour laughing

BBZ = Babies

L8RZ = see you later

GTG = Got to go Enuf= enough TTYL = talk to you later

SMS = short message service

ACRONYM Abbreviate To ACRONYM Abbreviate ToMMW Mark My Words N/A Not Available/ApplicableNAN Not A Number NNTR No Need To ReplyNOOB N00B Newbie NOYB None Of Your BusinessNRN No Reply Necessary OMG Oh My GodOP Original Poster, Original Post OT Off TopicOTOH On The Other Hand PEBKAC Problem Exists Between

Keyboard And Chair

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ACRONYM Abbreviate To ACRONYM Abbreviate ToPOV Point Of View ROTFL Folling On The Floor

LaughingRSVP Resondez S'il Vous Plait (French:

Please Reply)RTFM Read The Fine Manual

SCNR Sorry, Count Not Resist SFLR Sorry, For Late ReplySPOC Single Point Of Contact TBA To Be AnnounceTBC To Be Contioued/ To Be Confirmed TIA Thanks In AdvanceTGIF Thanks God, Its Friday THX TNX ThanksTQ Thank You TYVM Thank You Very MuchTYT Take Your Time TTYL Talk To You LaterW00T Whoomp, There It Is; Meaning

"Hooray"WFM Works For Me

WRT With Regard To WTH What The Hell / What The Heck

ICYMI In Case You Missed It YMMD You Made Me DayYMMV Your Mileage May Vary YAM Yet Another Meeting

24/10/2017

Slang language

Smackers مفقود Quid = nicker استرليني جنيه

Buck = dollar = greenback

That's ace = great = that's bona = bad

Aggro عدواني

Barbie = حفلشواء

Cabbage Cancer stick سيجارة

Introvert Chill out = relax

Choppers = teeth

Dead = extremely

Deceive = fib Emo = shy Erk

Grave yard hours = (---- at night)

Balfour Declaration

Self determinationالمصير تقرير

Secularism علمانية Inhabit يسكن Inhabitant ساكن

Fate = destiny Alas لألسف Deprive يَحرم Issuing إصدارNaïve فطرة Crusade = pope البابا Deception Bide by بـ تلتزم

Criticize the Balfour Declaration

1- The Britain the prince of the secularism world, so how it gives holy land to political group?

2- How the Britain's send who is loving to other place.3- British believes in self-determination.4- 5% of Jews were in Palestine, even 12 million around the world?!

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To watch a video, click here

How to write press release

5 Tips, click here to know more about it

07 Nov. 2017

Expressions

1- I'm (really) worried about (the future) or I'm worried that (I won't have a new viza)2- I'm afraid that, I'm scared to deal that3- I can't help thinking, I can't stop thinking4- It's been keeping me awake/up at night5- What if6- Phew/whew = التنهيدة7- Thank God! Thank goodness8- You had me worried there. You had me worried for a moment.9- You have no idea what a relief it is to…10- That's a (huge) load/weight off my mind

Type of questions

Question: is a requirement of information

1- (close questions "Yes/No" using verbs of Do, Have, Be), i.e. Do you have your breakfast?

2- (wh questions)

Steps to make a question:

1- (wh)2- Helping verb (present "do, does", past simple "did")3- Subject

Hints:

After who/whom comes the verb directly (who cares(v) about you?!)

Wh Meaning Usage ExampleWhat ماذا Information What will you be in the future?

What were things that disturbed you?Who/whom من Persons Who goes to the beach?Which أي Something among things Which country do you love?Why السبب Reason Why are you doing that?When الوقت Time When did you go?Where المكان Place Where were your projects

implemented?Whose لمن possessive Whose this book is?

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Wh Meaning Usage Example) الملكية) Whose is this book?

Whose the choice is today?(for the strongest)

How much كام Quantity How much budget is going to be?How many كام Quantity How many dollars you will pay?

Dedicate يخصص

Impose his excellency

Spirit of excellency

It has to do

14 Nov. 2017

Embrace – يحتضناستيعاب

Embarrassment احراج

I owe you لك ممنون Violated انتهاك

No pain no gain

Modals

Shall = will

Should (advice, duty)

Can, Could (ability)

Might (30%), May (50%) (probability)

Must (obligations, rules, instructions)

Ought to = have to (less common)

Have to بالمضارع عليك ينبغي

Had to بالماضي عليك ينبغي كان

Reported Speech

1- Subject+ (say/said)+ (that) + (complete the sentence)2- Subject+ asked+ Subject+("if" in yes/ no question) + (complete the sentence),

Example: She asked my where my book was?

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I He, sheMy His, herWe TheyOur TheirPresent Past ( أنواعه (بكلPast Past perfectNow ThenHere ThereLast night The night beforeTomorrow The following day

The prime minister say: "The citizen in Gaza can travel at the mid of this month" (Make reported speech)

The prime minister said that the citizen in Gaza could travel at the mid of that month"

Passive voice in news

1- Object2- Singular/plural3- The tense

a. Present simple (am, is, are) + Past Participle b. Past simple (was, were) + P.Pc. Present continues (am, is, are) + being + P.Pd. Past continues (was, were) + being + P.Pe. Present perfect (have, has) + been + P.Pf. Past perfect had + been + P.Pg. Future simple Modal verbs (will, would, may, must, shall) + be + P.P

4- By doer

Examples

1- Ali eat an apple An apple is eaten by Ali2- Ale ate an apple An apple was eaten by Ali3- Ali is eating an apple An Apple is being eaten by Ali

Note:

Past Participle ( مفعول (اسم

Present participle ( فاعل (اسم

In news, use the present perfect tense with passive voice)

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The word is spoken was irrelevant : محلها في ليست حكيتها اللي الكلمة

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