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SAN QUENTIN SIX
CHRONOLOGYOF AFRAME-UP
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For more copies or information, contact:San Quentin Six Defense Committee3169 16th StreetSan Francisco, California(415) 626-0690
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EUGENE COALITION/COALITION PRESS161 MADISONEUGENE, OREGON 97402 US.A.(503) 343-3282
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CRONOLOGIA DE UNA PERSECUSION
FIN DE LOS SESENTAS, PRINCIPIO DE LOS SETENTAS:
Antes de las acusaciones de 1971, Hugo Pi-nell, Fleeta Drumgo y varies companeros, en-tre ellos George Jackson, habian luchado con-tra los intentos de parte de las autoridadesde la prlsion para crear odio racial entre losprisioneros. Tambien protestaron vigorosamen-te por los asesinatos de tres prisionerosnegros en enero de 1970.
En noviembre de 1970, las autoridades metie-ron a Johnny Spain en el 'hoyo' de la prisio'nde Soledad por tener literatura considerada'inflamatoria' por las autoridades. Esta lite-ratura eran sus escritos personales acerca dela vida en la prision.
En San Quentin, Willie Tate y David Johnsonprotestaron vigorosamente contra los golpes yla asfixlacion con gas sufrida por Fred Billings-lea. Tambien en San Quentin, Luis Talamantez,tuvo exito en su lucha contra las falsas acusa-ciones de asalto que resultaron cuando el terminouna pelea entre prisioneros en marzo de 1970.
13 DE ENERO DE 1970Los tres prisioneros negros, Nolan, Edwards
y Miller son asesinados por un guardia de lacarcel de Soledad. Los dos estaban envueltosen una demanda en contra de la prisio'n de laSoledad. Esta acusacion divulgaba las tacticasracistas y llenas de odio usadas por los direc-tores de la carcel. Estos asesinatos fueron de-clarados 'homicidios justificados' por el GranJurado. Un guardia de la carcel de Soledad,O.G. Mills, es asesinado muy pronto despues delos asesinatos anteriores.
16 DE ENERO DE 1970Fleeta Drumgo, John Cluchette v George Jack-
son son acusados de asesinar a Mills. Despuesdel asesinato de George Jackson en 1971, los o-tros dos hermanos de la carcel de la Soledadfueron declarados absueltos por el Gran Jurado.
Angela Davis se une a la campana para ayudara poner en libertad a los hermanos de Soledad.
7 DE AGOSTO DE 1970Jonathan Jackson, hermano tnenor de George
Jackson, entra a la corte del condado de Marin,donde James McLain, un activista negro de SanQuintan, espera juicio. McLain, Christmas, y elJuez Haley terminan muertos.
—Angela Davis y Rucell Magee son acusados desecuestro, asesinato y de conspirar todo lo an-teriormente mencionado. (Davis es declarada ab-suelta en junio de 1972, Magee es declarado ab-suelto de asesinato y el jurado queda indecisoen cargos de secuestro en marzo de 1973. Enenero de 1975, Magee es condenado a cadena per-petua basado en una 'declaracion de culpabilidad)
21 DE AGOSTO DE 1971George Jackson es fatalmente tiroteado en la
espalda por guardias de la prisi^n. Otros dosprisioneros y tres guardias tambien son asesi-nados. Los prisioneros del Centre de Ajusta-miento son golpeados, quemados y torturados enlos dias siguientes a este incidente. Variashistorias contradictorias son dadas a la Prensay al Gran Jurado de Marin. Por ejemplo:
—La 'gorra1 bajo la cual Jackson habia es-condido una pistola, se convierte en una !pe-luca'. La supuesta pistola habia sido contra-bandeada despue's de una visita de su abogado.Tambien los treinta segundoa que supuestamen-te Jackson habia estado disparando la pisto-la en las afueras del Centro de Ajustamiento(unidad de seguridad maxima en la prision deSan Quintin) se convierten en veinte minutos.—Las autoridades alegan que Jackson contra-bandeo una pistola'Astra m-600 de 9mm' debajo
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gun became a lighter and smaller Spanish LlamaCorto. In the Grand Jury hearings it endedup as a 9 mm Astra.—The exit wound in Jackson's back became anentrance wound.
New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller orders theassault on insurgent Attica, resulting in thedeaths of Attica prisoners and guards. Sixtyprisoners are being prosecuted, yet no State orFederal officials are being charged.
OCTOBER 1, 1971
The San Quentin Six and Attorney Stephen Sing-ham are indicted for murder and conspiracy stem-ming from the events of August 21.
—The indictment is forced through despiteobjections and subsequent resignations ofthree Grand Jurors. One of the horrifiedGrand Jurors called the proceedings "falla-cious and immoral". Another declared that"What this Grand Jury does is not justice butvengeance".—Pre-trial hearings begin. The Six arrivein court chained, manacled, and shackled.
JANUARY, 1973
Fleeta Drumgo wins a pre-trial motion to havethe court appoint and pay an attorney of his(Drumgo*s) choice, but this ruling promptly isoverturned by the California Supreme Court.
NOVEMBER, 1973
Howard Moore Jr., the only Black attorney inthe San Quentin Six case, is cited for contemptby presiding Judge Henry Broderick for merelyattempting to present an oral argument on a pre-trial motion he had just submitted in writing.
ENERO DE 1973 /Fleeta Drumgo gano una mocion antes del jui-
cio que le da derecho a elegir un abogado de sugusto (pagado por la corte). Esta decision esrevocada por la Corte Suprema del estado de Ca-lifornia.
'17 DE ENERO DE 1974
El juez de la Corte Superior, Vernon Stollrechaza las acusaciones de asesinato y conspi-racion contra los seis de San Quentin ya quela seleccion del Gran Jurado excluyo a negros,Chicanes, Latinos, trabajadores y a la juventudSin embargo en diciembre de 1974,la corte deapelacion revoca esta desicion-resultado-siguenen existencia los cargos contra los seis.
JULIO DE 1974El juicio (civil) de los seis de San Quentin
contra el sistema penal de California, incluyecargos de castigos crueles y poco usuales, em-pieza. El juicio da a luz a la brutalidad ymiseria que ocurre en el Centre de Ajustamiento.Este juicio demanda que el juez Federal Zirpolilibre a los seis del Centre de Ajustamiento, yque el departamento penal cierre el infame cen-tro.
DICIEMBRE DE 1974La corte de Distrlto de Apelaciones revoca
la historica desicion Stoll,*
ENERO DE 1975Willie Tate, uno de los seis, logra salir
bajo fianza de $500,000, y esto despue's de;cumplir el ultimo ano de su sentencia original.La libertad es obtenida a pesar de las 'manio-bras arbitrarias de la Corte Suprema del Esta-do quienes lo querian retener bajo custodia,*son las palabras del abogado Howard Moore.
29 DE ENERO DE 1975:La corte Suprema de California rehusa oir
juicio de los "seis". Esta accion reafirma la
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the original murder-conspiracy indictment againstthe Six is once again in effect.
FEBRUARY 21, 1975'
Pretrial motions resumed with Judge Henry A.Broderick presiding.
MARCH 3, 1975
Hugo Pinell enters court with a patch over hisleft eye as a result of a beating by San Quentinguards. Johnny Spain appears with contusions onhis left cheek. The beatings resulted from thebrothers' protest at the lack of adequate medicalcare for ailing Johnny Spain.
MARCH 6, 1975Arguments challenging the fairness and impar-
tiality of the current jury selection process areheard. One by one, all of the defendents (withthe exception of Willie Tate, free on bail) areejected from court following their protests atJudge Broderick1s refusal to hear defense argu-ments and at the lack of adequate medical carefor ailing Johnny Spain.
MARCH 14, 1975
By this date, Judge Broderick has denied:1) a change of venue motion filed because of theinflammatory and prejudicial Marin County press;2) a motion to sever the Six's cases from that ofStephen Bingham (white lawyer reported last inCanada, who is alleged to have passed a gun toGeorge Jackson on Aug. 21, 1971); 3) appeals toremove the chains and shackles with which theSix are led like animals to and from court; 4)4) appeals to provide medical attention for JohnnySpain who must be periodically removed from thecourtroom because of agonizing muscle spasms andother undetermined illnesses.
MARCH 24, 1975:
Judge Broderick affirms the prejudicial andunnecessary shackling and chaining of the Sixduring court sessions. He also refuses to en-tertain the motion to have himself removed asthe presiding judge.
MARCH 25, 1975
The process of jury selection begins.
MARCH 26, 1975
Defense attorneys argue a motion demanding thejudge order a mistrial because the slavery-daychaining and shackling of the brothers constituteand unquestionable violation of their fair trialrights. Motion denied.-Bourgeois press circulates totally unfounded
rumors that Hugo Pinell stabbed his court-appointed attorney, Lynn Carmen, in the throat.-Carmen vehemently denies this vicious rumor
while emphasizing that his throat bore no stabwounds of any sort.
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MARCH 27, 1975
Defense Attorney Frank Cox files a dramaticand revealing motion charging that the D.A. is inpossession of certain evidence which proves thatprison authorities, along with the state, hadforeknowledge of and aided and abetted in theevents of Aug. 21, 1971. Motion to gain accessto such evidence, including certain FBI files, isdenied .
APRIL, 1975
Jury selection continues. Existence of"secret witness" revealed by prosecution. Inspite of defense attorneys* rightful insistencethat this person's identity be revealed, so thatan adequate defense might be prepared, JudgeBroderick orders that this witness remain anon-ymous until 21 days before he/she testifies.
MAY 6, 1975
Only remaining Black Juror out of 600 calledto this date is preeraptorily dismissed (withoutcause) by the prosecution. Fleet a Drumgo andDavid Johnson are ejected from the court aftervociferously protesting.
MAY 8, 1975
In what appears to be an attempt to justifythe racist removal of the only Black juror fromthe jury box, prosecutor Herman charges that oneof the defense investigators, Victoria Mercado,had been seen talking to Ann Smith (a prospectivejuror) twice prior to her dismissal. Ms. Mercadois tried for Jury tampering; a ruling is not ex-pected before the end of the trial.
MAY 19, 1975
Johnny Spain is excused from court and taken toS.F. General Hospital for medical tests. He ischained to the hospital bed and surrounded byheavily armed SQ guards. A few days later, Johnnyis snatched from the hospital by prison authoritiesover his doctor's strong objections. Despite muchprotest, Johnny was not returned to the hospital andstill suffers from an undiagnosed ailment.
JUNE, 1975
Jury selection continues.
JULY, 1975
By mid-July jury selection is complete. Of 12jurors, eleven are white and one black. (Of atotal of 1400 in the jury pool, only 8 were Black.Although Marin County has a 2.5% Black populace,only .57% of all^ jurors called were Black.)
JULY 14, 1975
Luis Talamantez, David Johnson, and Hugo Pinellare beaten, gassed, chained and dragged from theirAdjustment Center cells, and appear in court reek-ing of gas and covered with bruises. The assaultby prison guards was the result of a direct orderby Judge Broderick that Luis Talamantez be placedin the court's holding cell as "punishment" forobjecting to Broderick1s ruling during a previouscourt day, that one of Luis' counsel, Ernest Graves,could not question an obviously prejudiced prospec-tive juror.
JULY 28, 1975
Prosecution begins opening statement. D.A.Jerry Herman admits that there is no direct evi-dence that any of the six actually killed any of
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the guards or inmates on August 21, 1971, and thathe would have to rely on conspiracy theories ofaiding and abetting in order to convict. SanQuentin Six Defense Committee and other supportershold demonstration to protest injustices, chainingand shackling of the defendants and the seating ofa jury of non-peers.
AUGUST 1, 1975
Following the landmark TT.S. Supreme Courtdecision which upheld the right of defendants toact as their own counsel, Hugo Pinell submits amotion to be allowed to act as his own counsel.
AUGUST 7, 1975
Hugo Pinell gra tted the right to be his owncounsel but would not change the ruling to removethe chains and shackles. San Quentin guard DanielScarborough, a prosecution witness, testified un-der cross-examination that he saw a letter inNovember or December of 1970 from the FBI alertingthe prison of the smuggling plan.
AUGUST 9, 1975
A political-cultural event hosted by the SanQuentin Six Defense Committee in memory of JamesMcClain, Jonathan Jackson, William Christmas andother fallen comrades.
Another people's victory—Joan Little freed.Joan Little, young black woman freed of seconddegree murder charges.
AUGUST 16, 1975
San Quentin officials release to the publicthat all Adjustment Center guards are to be searchedprior to admittance.
01
era permitido de actuar en su propia defensa.
7 De AGOSTO De 1975Hugo Pinell fue permitido de ser su propio
consejero pero cambiarian la decision de que sele quitaran las cadenas y grillos.
Daniel Scarborough, un guarda de San Quen-tin, testigo para los acusadores, fue testigobajo de interrogacion rigurosamente que el vioen Novierabre o Diciembre de 1970 una carta deel F.B.I., sobre avisando a la prision del plande contrabando.
9 De AGOSTO De 1975Un evento politico-cultural presentado por
el Comite de Defensa para los Seis, en memoriade James McClain, Jonathan Jackson, WilliamChristmas y otros camaradas que calleron.
15 De AGOSTO De 1975Otra victoria para la gente—Joan Little
gana su libertad. Joan Little, una negra jo-ven raujer, gana su libertad de cargos de asesi-nato en el segundo grado.
16 De AGOSTO De 1975Los oficiales de San Quentin le hace saber
al publico de que todos la guarda del Adjust-ment Center deben ser cacheado antes de ser al-mitidos.
17 De AGOSTO De 1975Los oficiales de San Quentin le hace saber
al publico una declaracion de que un leader delBlack Panther Party, Elaine Brown, trajo a laprision cocaina cuando vesito a Johnny Spain enel 3 de Agosto. (Elaine Brown no vesito aJohnny Spain en ese dia a segun los archives dela prision y declaracion de el Black PantherParty.)
18-20 De AGOSTO De 1975Kenneth McCray, el unico testigo contra Tal-
emantez, testiga que el sobre oyo una conversa-
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incident. Although possession of a switchblade isa misdemeanor and possession of such weapons insideprison is a violation, no prison employee has beenprosecuted or disciplined. Bombing of two MarinSheriff cars at the site of the trial purportedto have been done by the New World Liberation Frontas an expression of solidarity by the underground.The cars were empty.
WHY THE SIX NEED YOUR SUPPORT
The San Quentin Six are not treated by theState as men, but as animals and slaves. Allsix men have been living in the San Quentin ACfor almost 4 years. They live in 61 by 8' cells,sleep on steel slates, are permitted no outdoorexercise, and are not allowed to participate inthe prison's educational or vocational programs.Medical care is almost non-existent. Every timethey leave their cells they are locked in an in-tricate network of chains and manacles and sha-ckles, including neck chains. The intention ofthe slavery-day chaining and other unreasonableand excessive security measures in court isclearly to make it appear that these brothersare dangerous criminals, thus driving over theconstitutional right to presumption of innocence.
The San Quentin Six are prime targets of bru-tality, harrassment and frequent threats by pri-son guards because they have chosen to stand upand organize against their extreme oppressionas Black and Brown prisoners.
During the trial of their Civil suit againstthe Department of Corrections all of the Sixdramatically testified that they had been gassed,harrassed, beaten, and tortured by guards. Sev-eral were told by guards that they would neverleave the AC alive. During the trial itself,Johnny Spain came to court one morning with abloodied jacket - he had been forcibly shaved byguards.
11
THE SAN QUENTIN SIX ARE VICTIMS OF A POLITICAL ANDFASCIST CONSPIRACY ORIGINATING FROM THE HIGHESTLEVELS OF STATE GOVERNMENT.
The beatings, chainings, constant threats,and the repeated denial of fundamental human anddemocratic rights, coupled with the various con-tradictory official versions about the events ofAugust, 1971 at San Quentin, and the lack of anyreal evidence against the Six leads a reasonableperson to one conclusion - that the State is at-tempting to silence the Six. Why? Because likeGeorge Jackson, the San Quentin Six have becomeoutspoken representatives of the movement behindthe walls, a movement which poses a real threatto the continued rule of prison authorities byracism and terror.
THE SAN QUENTIN SIX NEED YOUR SUPPORT. YOU ARETHEIR HOPE.
When you fight against the inhumane and undem-ocratic treatment to which the San Quentin Sixare subjected, you are standing up for your rightsand the rights of all prisoners and oppressedpeople. A victory for the Six would mean a vic-tory for all prisoners and all progressive people.
WHAT YOU CAN DO:
1. Join the San Quentin Six Defense Committee3169 16th StreetSan Francisco, California(415) 626-0690
Get on our mailing list.
2. Donate badly needed funds for legal fees andoffice operation expenses.
3. Write the Brothers and express your solidar-ity.
Fleeta Drumgo B10837 Luis Talamantez A93537
12
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David Johnson B16387
Hugo Pinell A88461
San Quentin PrisonTamal, California
Johnny Spain
Willie Tate3169 16th St.San Fran. CA.
B8672
Come to Court. (Contact the Committee fordates and times.)
Write Judge Broderick, Governor Pat Brown,congressional delegates, Director of Cor-rections, and Judge Zirpoli protesting theslavery-day chaining of the Brothers.
Invite a Committee member to speak to yourgroup/class/organization.
Offer your time and money to the struggle ofthe San Quentin Six.
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"!'•••••••••••••'•*'• f •••••••• ••••••••• ••i
George Jackson:
"Settle your quarrels, cometogether, understand thereality of our situation,understand that fascism isalready here, that people arealready dying who could besaved, chat generations morewill die or live poorbutchered half-livesif you fail to act.Do what must be done, discoveryour humanity and your lovein revolution. Pass on thetorch. Join us, give upyour life for the people."
Assassinated August 21,1971
